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Conclusion on thermal storages
Peter Schossig
Fraunhofer-Institute for solar energy systems ISEand materials for the thermal energy storageFirst International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES I)Gelsenkirchen, 31.10.2006
Energy consumption in Europe
~ 50% of final energydemand in EU25+ isused for heating80 % of this thermal energy is used at temperatures below250°C
Source: ESTTP/ESTIF
heating49%
transport31%
electricity20%
thermal
sensible latent sorptiv chemical
solidliquid organicinorganic
watertank
aquifer
Buildingmass
concrete
ground
Salthydrathes
paraffins
adsorption absorption
open closed open closed
Thermo-oil
gravel/waterstorage
technologies
University of StuttgartInstitute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering (ITW)Research and Testing Centre for Solar Systems (TZS)
Solar domestic hot water and combi - systems
Source: ESTIF
in EU 25+ in 2005 ~ 270.000 systems sold-> 110.000 m³ storage per year only for solar thermal
Share of combi systems increasing
Solid media / Concrete Storage
• sensible storage with castable ceramics and concrete• preferred for single phase HTF till 400/500 °C• dual medium indirect storage system with regenerative heat transfer• modular and scalable design from 500 kWh to 1000 MWh
Important applications• parabolic trough solar thermal power plants• waste heat storage < 500 °C• combined heat and power
hot storage
solar radiationfrom heliostatfield
solar tower
fluidizedbed cooler
turbine
Cold storage
ambient airair-sand
heat exchanger
Sand storage concept
Expanded graphite (SGL Carbon)
PCM/Graphite composite material approach
1000 lwatertank
factor > 3
300 lPCM /
graphite
Consortium:ZAE Bayern e.V., SGL Technologies GmbH,Behr Industrietechnik Mylau GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH
paraffin
water
surfactant
paraffin/water-emulsion
encapsulatedparaffin/water-suspension
Phase Change Slurries (PCS) heat
carrier, which consist of a liquid and a
phase change material
investigated PCS
paraffin/water emulsion
encapsulated paraffin/water
suspension
FOAM/ZEOLITE COMPOSITE: reactive crystallization - I
3 mm
μ-CT Al-foam
CONDITIONS OF ZEOLITE CRYSTALLIZATION
Na-WG, TPABr, NaOH150°C, rotation, 24 h
0.4 Na2O*0.06 TPABr* 1 SiO2 *72 H2O (+ 1.6 Al)*
200 μm200 μm
2 μm2 μm
(Primary) Energy Flow Diagram
Chargingstation
Userusefulenergy100%
10.5%
auxiliary energy,transport
Fuel105%
waste heat
132%
Zeo
COP > 9 in terms of auxiliary energy !
Leading the 21st Century into the Solar Age
Industriestr.8D - 79541 Lörrach
Tel. +49 7621-95675-14Fax. +49 7621-95675-29
Kaiser Wilhelm Pl. 1 D-45470 Mülheim
Tel.: +49-208-306 1Fax: +49-208-306 2980
www.kofo.mpg.de
Fix-Focus Prototype
MgH2 Reactor
IRES I: the case of energy autonomy: Storing Renewable Energies – Gelsenkirchen, October 30 and 31, 2006
SUNVENTIONSOLAR
ENERGY
SUNVENTIONSOLAR
ENERGY
Heat Storage for Power GenerationExamples
Heat storage for solar thermalpower plants
Adiabatic compressed air energy storage power plant
Decentralized CHP systems
Conclusion on thermal storages I
thermal storages are needed to increase the fractionof renewable energy as well as energy efficiency forconventional systems
different solutions for different tasks, depending on temperature level and time scale
still research needed, on material as well as systemlevel, with the goal to:
reduce the costs
increase the storage density
increase the efficiency
Conclusion on thermal storages IIMaybe most important: people start to think aboutthermal energy storage
„Storage is gaining momentum“
Storage is still facing barriersgovernmental subsidies
regulatory barriers
cultural barriers
Storage community must work together with all parties to overcome these barriers
important to speak with policy makers to make storage visible in policies/standards/regulations
The energy store
- a key component for efficient use of solarthermal energy
- will qualify solar thermal heat for more domestic and industrial applications
- must address storage material, thermal engineering and system integration
- there is no single solution for the wide range of applications
- substantial R&D required to develop suitable materials for capacity and cost reduction
Dirk UweTimeline day/weekStorage versus transportGrid off areasCogeneration: thermal storage essential5uhr peak wärme
Heat storage– Low exergy latent better– Transport heat means transport mass– Electricity speed of light no mass but cable
Conclusion
Existing storage meets requirements– But life cycle cost– Efficiency– Envirenomental impact– Energy density
– Renewables needs storage to Avoit transmissionInvestment in more generationCogernrationSaisonal storage
Jim McdowellStorage is gaining momentumEspecially for renewablesBarrriers still exist
governmental subsidiesRegulatory (storage closer to load than to generationTariff basedcultural
Storage community must work will all parties to overcome these barriers
Ulf BosselFirst reduce storage demand by balanced management of renewables
No storage for all renewables
Stored on siteIndividual stored by the userStorage is matching physical demand to physical supplyEfficiency discussion H2 worstDifferent losses, losses of quantitiy a of quality b and halbwertszeitEconomics: profit per transaction * number of transactions per yearEfficiancy must be better than $r/$uSaisonal is very difficult!Power will be delivered when available and not when it is needed
Hermann Scheer Kein ppt und auf deutsch!
Hauptvorwurf gegenüber erneuerbaren ist schwankende verfügbarkeit, aber kein konventionelles System kommt heutzutage ohne Speicher aus
Die Wahl der Quelle bestimmt den Fluss bis zum nutzer, infrastruktur, wandler etc., entscheidet sogar bis hin zur Unternehmensform
Fossil: Zahl der förderländer kleiner, nutzer größer -> weitverzweigte lange Kette, viel infrastruktur und wandlungen
Erneuerbar: weit verteilt
Effizienz führt nicht automatisch zur reduktion (beweis: 20% verbrauchen 70%)
Atom geht nur mit brüter, fusion erst zu spät
Clean coal ist auch mit längeren verwertungsketten verbunden, 1000 jahre sichere lagerung auch noch ungeklärt
Neu bei erneuerbaren ist die speicherung nach der wandlung
Konzentration wichtig um kostenreduktion durch masse zu erreichen
„von langen Ketten zu kurzen“
Technologik und soziologik der erneuerbaren (neues Buch in 3 Wochen auf englisch)
-> mulare und dezentrale erzeugung, neue eigentümerformen
Edison versus westinghouse
Norbert Lewald:
DMS (Demand side management) ist billigerals Stromspeicher, also kleine lokale thermische speicher
christof gatzen:
speicher nach wie vor betriebswirtschaftlich schwer, nur bei hohen „spreads“, also hohe preisdifferenzen
je größer der teil an erneuerbaren energien, desto größer die chancefür speicher
christof wittwer: thermische Speicher helfen auch beim strommanagement, wichtig Entkoppelung produktion wärme/strom,günstig mit nähwärmenetz
Englisch