• Concerned with activities involved in ensuring that software is delivered on time and on schedule and in accordance with the requirements of the organisations developing and procuring the software.

• Project management is needed because software development is always subject to budget and schedule constraints that are set by the organisation developing the software.

Software Project Management

Project Management

• Activities:– Selection of team members– Project costing– Project planning and scheduling– Writing system proposal– Control by monitoring plan against activities– Motivating Team members

Project planning

• Probably the most time-consuming project management activity.

• Continuous activity from initial concept through to system delivery. Plans must be regularly revised as new information becomes available.

• Various different types of plan may be developed to support the main software project plan that is concerned with schedule and budget.

The project plan

• The project plan sets out:– The resources available to the project;– The work breakdown;– A schedule for the work.

Activity organization• Activities in a project should be organised

to produce tangible outputs for management to judge progress.

• Milestones are the end-point of a process activity.

• Deliverables are project results delivered to customers.

Project scheduling• Split project into tasks and estimate time and

resources required to complete each task.• Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal

use of workforce.• Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays

caused by one task waiting for another to complete.

• Dependent on project managers intuition and experience.

• Adding people to a late project makes it later because of communication overheads

The project scheduling process

Estimate resourcesfor activities

Identify activitydependencies

Identifyactivities

Allocate peopleto activities

Softwarerequirements

Activity chartsand bar charts

Create projectcharts

Scheduling tools

• Gantt chart: Shows activities over a period of time as bars on a graph

• PERT-Program Evaluation and Review Technique– PERT diagrams show precedence, activities that must

be completed before the next activities may be started.

– Once a diagram is drawn it is possible to identify the critical path, the longest path through the activities.

– Monitoring critical path will identify shortest time to complete the project.

Bar charts and activity networks• Graphical notations used to illustrate the

project schedule.• Show project breakdown into tasks. Tasks

should not be too small. They should take about a week or two.

• Activity charts show task dependencies and the the critical path.

• Bar charts show schedule against calendar time.

Gantt Chart Example

PERT Diagram Example

start

T2

M3T6

Finish

T10

M7T5

T7

M2T4

M5

T8

4/7/03

8 days

14/7/03 15 days

4/8/03

15 days

25/8/03

7 days

5/9/03

10 days

19/9/03

15 days

11/8/03

25 days

10 days

20 days

5 days25/7/03

15 days

25/7/03

18/7/03

10 days

T1

M1 T3T9

M6

T11

M8

T12

M4