conceptual design is the very first phase of design

8/10/2019 Conceptual Design is the Very First Phase of Design

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design services include industrial design that definesboth the aesthetics and functionality of the product,and prototype manufacture.

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Developing A Parametric ShaftComponents Design Module

Computer Science EssayThe word parametric means the geometric definitions of the design, such as dimension, can be

varied at any time in the design process. The parametric design technique can help the designer

to incorporate the original design to incorporate into the construction of the model. The special

and particularly challenging on parametric design are can apply analytical and experimental
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methods to predict and analyze the behaviour of each design candidate. Parametric modelling is

accomplish by identifying and creating a parametric description of a component. A parametric

description is then developed as macros using a suitable programming language.

SolidWorks is an example of a solid modeling CAD software that allow the creation of solid

model and manipulating data structure using user develop macros. Solid module is the computer

model that allows us to modify the instruction using API. API is an (application programming

interface) that have a set of functions, procedures and methods to support requests made by

computer programs. In SolidWorks (API) was included for macro and third party development.

SolidWorks also allows for the integration of third-party modules. Some of these modules can be

represent, such as generating a special shaped hole, extrude and others.

1.1 Project Background

Parametric Shaft Design Module for SolidWorks with CAD for mechanical products is an

effective way to reduce product development time. The module will developed to help designer

in the process of a component analysis and specification of shaft size, deflection, vibration

characteristics, required keys and/or splines.

SolidWorks is used as a solid modelling CAD software that allow the creation of solid model and

manipulating data structure by using user interface macros. This module includes the process of

developing the theory of mechanical engineering and computer software.

This project will be provide exposure and demonstrate the methods using available API to

programming languages such as Visual Basic, or one of the family. The module would will

perform the calculations on the shaft and create a solid model of the designed according to the

user input. Hence, this project will examine the functions and ability of the macro recorder that

has been builds in the SolidWorks.

1.2 Objectives

The objective of this project is to develop a parametric shaft components design module for

SolidWorks. The module can perform the design calculation for:

Size of shaft

Shaft deflection

Shaft vibration characteristic


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Size required for key and/or splines at shaft

The module will developed by using available API in SolidWorks software. The implementation

needs the languages to be use such as Visual Basic, or one of the C families. The suitable

languages will be tries on this project and will use the chosen language to perform a module.

Finally, the project will demonstrate the suitable language method and guideline to implement

the language using available API.

1.3 Scopes

To full fill the objective given, there are some working scopes to be accomplished:

Background study on SolidWorks API.

Indentify the suitable language on ease implementation.

Program interaction structure

Background study on requirements for shaft:

Size

Deflection

Vibration characteristic

Required keys and/or splines

Development of macros:

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manipulating shapes at one extreme, to customized application programs, such as those for

analysis and optimization, at the other extreme [Zeid 1991]. Between these two extremes, typical

tools currently available include tolerance analysis, mass property calculations, and finite

element modelling and visualization of the analysis results. The basic role of CAD is to define

the geometry of design for an example such as a mechanical parts, architectural structure,

electronic circuit, and so on. This is because the geometry of the design is essential to all the

subsequent activities in the product cycle. The greatest benefits of CAD is can save considerable

time. CAD also can reduce the errors caused by the geometry of the design. There are many

CAD software package available as Rhinoceros 3D, SketchUp, SolidWorks, AutoCAD, CATIA

and the other few software.

2.1 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM).

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) generally allow the user to plan and control

manufacturing operations through computer interface. One of the most mature areas of CAM is

numerical control (NC). The machine tool is control by using programmed instructions. For an

example to control grinds, cuts, mills, punches, bends, or turns raw into a finished part. The

computer can now generate a considerable amount of NC instructions based on geometric data

from CAD database plus additional information supplied by the operator. Another significant

CAM function is the programming of robots. These robots may perform individual task such as

welding or assembly or others.

2.2 Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)

Computeraided engineering (CAE) commonly applies on a computer system in engineering

applications. CAD can be concerned as a subset of CAE. CAE allow the designer to simulate and

analyze the design. The software fits into two categories: engineering based and non-engineering

specific. The engineering based software for mechanical engineering applications is the software

with a CAD system and the most user used for method of computer analysis in engineering is the

finite element Method (FEM). This approach is used to determine stress, deflection, vibration,and heat transfer (e.g., ANSYS and MSC/NASTRAN). The non-engineering specific computer

aided applications contain software for word processing and mathematical solvers (e.g.,

Mathematica, MathCAD and Matlab).

2.4 SolidWorks


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SolidWorks is the CAD software with three-dimensional (3D) design. The software can run on

Microsoft Windows. Dassault Systmes, S. A. (Velizy, France) is a developer of SolidWorks

software. SolidWorks is currently one of a most popular 3D mechanical CAD (MCAD) product

on the market.



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2.4.1 SolidWorks Approach

SolidWorks is one of the software of a parasolid-based solid modeller and using a parametric

feature based approach to create a models and assemblies. Parameters are refers to determine the

value of the shape or geometry of the model or assembly. Parameter can be geometric

parameters, such as parallel, horizontal or vertical, or numeric parameters, such as circle

diameter or line length. Numeric parameters can be refers with each other through the relation,

that allow them to capture design intent. Design intent is the part of the creator wants to changes

and updates a model. SolidWorks can recognize the design intent and keep all the shape that the

user wants. SolidWorks have the shapes and operation to construct the part of a model. A 2D or
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3D sketch of shapes is normally begins with shaped-based features. The shapes are then extrude,

cuts, or add from the part of a model. Operation-based features is not a sketch-based but it have

include features such applying draft to the face of a part. Creating a model in SolidWorks usually

begin with a 2D sketch or 3D sketch. The sketches are includes with geometry such as points,

lines and others geometry. The parametric on SolidWorks is a dimensions and relations that

drive the geometry of the model. SolidWorks have the ability that allows the user to roll back

through the history and changes the part of design. SolidWorks also contains additional advanced

mating features. The model assemblies can accurately reproduce the rotational movement like an

actual component.

2.4.2 SolidWorks Add-in Products.

The main product of SolidWorks contains tools for 3D modelling and freeform surfacing.SolidWorks have capabilities to import and read the numerous file types from the others 2D and

3D CAD programs. An application-programming interface (API) has been included in

SolidWorks for custom programming in C#, C++, and Visual Basic (VB). API is a computer

program that uses a set of function, procedures, and method or service providers to support the

user command. Macros and third party development has been combining in SolidWorks

application-programming interface (API). SolidWorks also allows for the integration of the third-

party modules design.

2.4.3 Macro in SolidWorks

SolidWorks macro is a shortcut task to perform repeatedly in SolidWorks 3D CAD software.

Macro in SolidWorks is a series of command system and actions that and can be stored by safe

the macro file. Macro can run within SolidWorks whenever users need to perform the task.

SolidWorks allow user to record or build a macro and then play the macro with automatic repeat

the series of commands or actions.

2.5 Researcher studyElasis and FIAT Auto started to test parametric and associative (P/A) techniques since 6 years

ago. Fiat is one of the first automotive companies that have test P/A features in development of a

new car. Car body design is very critical and time-consuming activity for design modifications

during car development of a new car body and the same parametric model is reuse for future


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platforms are the reasons to develop a new P/A design methodology. The methodology is base

on P/A but should have the concept of archetype. An archetype is a set of logical and parametric

features of an object. The system can be use to build the relative CAD model. The advantage of

the archetype design can generate different components with simply changing its parameter

values.







The phases of design methodology were the following:

Define the vehicle reference model( developed with explicit CAD systems and procedure)

Build the design development history (list of modification)

P/A modeling of new vehicle model.

Optimization phase

Model update during vehicle development14.8 Design of ShaftsThe shafts may be designed on the basis of

1. Strength, and 2. Rigidity and stiffness.

In designing shafts on the basis of strength, the following cases may be considered :
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(a) Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only,

(b) Shafts subjected to bending moment only,

(c) Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending moments, and

(d) Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional and bending loads.

We shall now discuss the above cases, in detail, in the following pages.

The traditional process of modelling and the new method based on P/A approach have been

compare in qualitative. The development time of model is longer for P/A method, because it is

necessary to build P/A library archetypes. P/A library enables to reduce time design because it is

reduced the modifying phase. The explicit design takes always the same time for every style

change.

For the reason, P/A approach seems to be strong enough to manage several style modifications,

saving time and costs. [1]

The authors present an application of Visual Basic Application Programming Interface (API) to

develop numerical and procedural algorithm into CAD software. The focus is on Reverse

Engineering embedded into SolidWorks. There are many applications is need to remodel the

tessellated surface into an editable solid feature, to analyze it and to manipulate. SolidWorks is

widely used commercial software about engineering modelling and computer aided design.

SolidWorks is base on parametric definition of component and feature and it can be used in very

intuitive way. Other engineering modelers (such as Catia) have dedicated module for reverse

engineering. Specific reverse engineering software (such Rapidform) does not allow the building

of parametric feature-based models. In many cases there also need to implement specific

algorithm to perform dedicated an accurate computation which cant be found in any commercial

software. These are the main reason to API within a commercial software. Recent SolidWorks

have improved the method supported by native object and they have been interlaced with very

powerful Mathematical Utility. Using API into SolidWorks we can manipulate three kind of

object from:

SolidWorks (model native entities)

math utility database (math entities)

User defined entities

The native geometrical objects concern the sketch entities (point, line, circle, spline, etc) and

their constrains, the features (extrusion, revolution, loft, etc) the assembly management (mating,

inserting, moving, etc). the math native objects concern points, vectors and transformations for

manipulate entities (projecting from model space to sketch space and vice versa, performing


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basic operation on vector, etc). the software without API the user can only access to single model

entity and the direct access to internal database is not permitted. Using API database of entity

can be directly accessed saving time to execute command and model entities can be interlaced

with math and user defined ones. [2]

2.6 Conclusion

The computer software is no substitute for the human thought process. The user is control the

system and the computer is the driven to assist the user on the platform. Numbers generated by a

computer can be far from the truth if the user entered incorrect input, if the user misinterpreted

the application or the output of the program. The user task is to ensure the validity of the result.

The user must check the application

PART III

METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

In this chapter, the whole process of this project will discuss. Since this project is conduct by

computer programming software, there are methods to create the module.


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3.1 Design Flowchart of ProjectImplementation.

The flowchart is for general view for the whole project that will be use during the first semester

and second semester. The figure 3.1.1 is show the overall progress of this project.

FLOW CHART OF FINAL YEAR PROJECT

START

IDENTIFY THESIS TILTLE

Parametric shaft design module for SolidWorks

DEFINE PROBLEM STATEMENT

How to create a solid model of shaft design according to the user input

DETERMINE OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF STUDY

To develop a macro for creating a solid model of designed shaft driven by the result of the

analysis

LITERATURE REVIEW

METHODOLOGY IDENTIFICATION

Literature research

System Specification

Development of macro
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Macro can interact between the user and the module with userform. The user should properly

design a userform so they can command the macro what they want to do. Userform can did on

Visual Basic Editor or others languages.

3.5 Run a Macro.Run or Play icon in SolidWorks macro is the last process of development of macro. In is easy to

run a macro, the user should follow a few steps and SolidWorks will generate a module that have

been design by the user.

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essay.php#ixzz3E3EjIClTvThe material used for shafts should have the following properties :1. It should have high strength.

2. It should have good machinability.

3. It should have low notch sensitivity factor.

4. It should have good heat treatment properties.

5. It should have high wear resistant properties.

The material used for ordinary shafts is carbon steel of grades 40 C 8, 45 C 8, 50 C 4 and 50 C 12.

The mechanical properties of these grades of carbon steel are given in the following table.

Table 14.1. Mechanical properties of steels used for shafts.Indian standard designation Ultimate tensile strength, MPa Yield strength, MPa40 C 8 560 - 670 320

45 C 8 610 - 700 35050 C 4 640 - 760 37050 C 12 700 Min. 390

When a shaft of high strength is required, then an alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium or

chrome-vanadium steel is used.

14.3 Manufacturing of Shafts
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of the gear. In this sketch, draw and define the base circle, pitch circle, and outside diameter

circle constraining each of their centers at the origin of the blank. The typical design approach

for the spur gear is to define the pitch and outside diameter of the gear as user inputs.11


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Equation 2 is used for finding the base diameter. The involute curve originates at the base circle

of the gear. The involute curve is defined by the set of parametric equations (equations 3 and 4)below. In the following equations, Db represents the base diameter, D represents the pitch

diameter, represents the pressure angle and rb represents the base radius. The values of t in the

parametric equations are used to define an interval over which to draw the curve.Base Diameter: Db = D*cos() (Eq. 2)Parametric Involute Equations: x(t)=rb(cos(t)+t*sin(t)) (Eq. 3)

y(t)= rb(sin(t)-t*cos(t)) (Eq. 4)

Figure 2: Sketch of the Necessary Construction Circles for the Spur Gear

conceptual design is the very first phase of design

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