concentrated solar power - cleanenergysolutions.org · largest public research and testing center...
TRANSCRIPT
Concentrated Solar Power
In partnership with the Clean Energy Solutions Center (CESC)
Hugo Lucas Porta 01.05.2019
Supporters of this Expert Training Series
2
Overview of the expert
3
Hugo Lucas PortaHead of Energy
Dept, Factor20 years in RE
Sector- Worked for
governments and private sector on energy transition
strategies
Factor is an international group, specialized in providing global, innovative and sustainable solutions in areas such as climate change, energy, sustainability, trading and innovation.
Our key value is our people. We have offices in six countries, where our interdisciplinary team works for public and private stakeholders, international organizations and non-profit entities.
Our own history and experiences are based on constant innovation. This helps us target our services, by combining academic knowledge, technology and practical experience.
Training Course Material
4
2. Policies for
Large-Scale PV
Eight Modules1.
Policies for Distributed
PV
3. The Future
of Solar Policy
Expert Content and Analysis
4. Technical
Integration of Solar
6. Socio-
Economic Aspects
Up-to-date Market Insights
5. Market
Integration
7. Off-grid
Solar
8. Solar
Heating & Cooling
This Training is part of Module 2, and focuses on the Concentrated Solar Power
5
Overview of the Training
1. Introduction: Learning Objective
2. Understanding Concentrated Solar Power
3. Main body of presentation
4. Concluding Remarks
5. Further Reading
6. Knowledge Check: Multiple-Choice Questions
6
1. Introduction: Learning Objective
7
Learning Objective
This lecture provides:
1 An overview of CSP technologies
2 Status and trends of CSP markets over the world
3 Discussion on the costs of CSP
4 Research and Development programs for CSP
8
2. Understanding Concentrated Solar Power
9
Understanding Concentrated Solar Power
Source: La Dehesa plant
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), also called Solar ThermalPower Generation, plants produce electric power by usingmirror to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a smallarea, the boiler.
Electricity is generated whenthe concentrated light isconverted to heat, whichdrives a heat engine (usuallya steam turbine) connectedto an electrical powergenerator.
10
Understanding Concentrated Solar Power
Calasparra plant. Fresnel technology
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants can integratethermal energy storage systems to generate electricityduring cloudy periods or even several hours after the sunset.CSP systems can be also combined with combined cyclepower plants resulting in hybrid power plants which providehigh-value, dispatchable power.
Concentrated Solar Powersystems can be sized for villagepower (10 kilowatts) or grid-connected applications (more than100 megawatts).
Understanding Concentrated Solar Power
11
• At the beginning of the 70s, with the rapid increase in oilprices, is when the great impulse to solar concentrationtechnologies takes place.
• High intensity of research activity in Solar ConcentrationSystems was developed between the mid 70's and the end ofthe 80's.
• During the 1980s and 1990s, the first commercial initiativeswere built in the USA. (SEGS plants, in the Mojave desert ofCalifornia).
• The thermoelectric solar sector is currently in the commercialtakeoff phase throughout the world, and especially in Spain.
Worldwide historical evolution:
Understanding Concentrated Solar Power
12
Research and development centers
• The Solar Platform of Almería (PSA), Spain belongs to the Center forEnergy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT). It is thelargest public research and testing center dedicated to solarconcentration technologies.
• The Solar Platform Sanlúcar la Mayor (SOLUCAR): It belongs to theAbengoa group and it is the largest private centre of solar energy, withtechnologies of all the solar areas, mainly solar thermoelectric.
• Sandia National Laboratories, in EE.UU.: carries out the NSTTF(National Solar Thermal Test Facility), near Alburquerque in New Mexicowith a tower plant of 5 MW for component tests.
• Other centers with tower plants of 1-2 MW such as: WeizmannInstitute, in Israel, in Rehovot, Colonia (Germany) and soon in theFrench Pyrenees (former THEMIS plant).
13
3. Main Body of Presentation
14
Main Body of Presentation
1 An overview of CSP technologies
2 Status and trends of CSP markets
3 Costs of CSP
4 Research and Development programs for CSP
trends and innovation
15
An overview of CSP technologies
Thermoelectric solar energy groups four technological areas with different commercial maturity and different potential:
• TOWER
• PARABOLIC TROUGH
• PARABOLIC DISH
• LINEAR FRESNEL COLLECTOR
An overview of CSP technologies
16
17
An overview of CSP technologies
Parabolic trough
18
An overview of CSP technologies
Linear Fresnel Collectors
19
An overview of CSP technologies
Power tower Central receiver
20
An overview of CSP technologies
Parabolic dish
An overview of CSP technologies
21
Hybridizing CSP – 100% renewable
An overview of CSP technologies
22
Hybridizing CSP-fossil fuels
An overview of CSP technologies
23
• On production cost alone, PV is, today, significantly cheaperthan CSP. It is also more modular and easier to design,construct, maintain and operate.
• When dispatchability is required, CSP+TES is cheaper toinstall and to run than PV with batteries, which gives CSP acompetitive advantage. Nevertheless this is changing fast.
• Hybridizing CSP with fuels can ease the path, reducingemissions while providing track record to CSP, and time toamortize plants in operation.
CSP, PV or Hybrid
24
Main Body of Presentation
1 An overview of CSP technologies
2 Status and trends of CSP markets
3 Costs of CSP
4 Research and Development programs for CSP
trends and innovation
Status and trends of CSP markets
25
Global Capacity by Country and Region, 2007-2017
Source: REN21 Renewables 2018 – Global Status Report .
Status and trends of CSP markets over the world
26
Source: REN21 Renewables 2018 – Global Status Report .
Global Capacity and Additions, 2017
Status and trends of CSP markets
27
CSP Thermal Energy Storage Global Capacity and Annual Additions, 2007-2017
Source: REN21 Renewables 2018 – Global Status Report .
Status and trends of CSP markets
28
Evolution of the thermosolar capacity installed
Status and trends of CSP
29
PT79%
HY3%
CT12%
DS0%
LF6%
PT HY CT DS LF
Trends in technology choice
Status and trends of CSP
30
Source: International Energy Agency
Net CSP capacity additionsMain and accelerated case, 2012-2023
Status and trends of CSP markets
31
Uncertainty in projections
Status and trends of CSP markets
32
Power generation capacity (GW installed by 2030)
33
Main Body of Presentation
1 An overview of CSP technologies
2 Status and trends of CSP markets
3 Costs of CSP
4 Research and Development programmes for CSP
trends and innovation
34
Costs of CSP
35
Costs of CSP
36
Costs of CSP
37
Costs of CSP
PTC and ST total installed cost reduction potential by source, 2015-2025
Cost reduction potential
Costs of CSP
cost reductions for CSP plants to 2025
Indirect EPC & owners costs
Costs of CSP
Cost reduction potentials of the solar field component of PTC and ST CSP plants by source, 2015-2025
Solar field components
Costs of CSP
Thermal energy storage
Costs of CSP
LCOE reduction potential
Costs of CSP
Sensitivity of the levelised cost of electricity of PTC and ST plants to variations in the WACC, 2015 and 2025
LCOE sensitivity to WACC
Costs of CSP
44
Main Body of Presentation
1 An overview of CSP technologies
2 Status and trends of CSP markets
3 Costs of CSP
4 Research and Development programs for CSP
trends and innovation
R&D Programmes for CSP
45
Equipment• New heat transfer fluids
• Structures and trackers
• Reflectors
• Receiver
• Thermal Energy Storage
System• Dispatchability
• Scales limits
• Use of water
• Hybridization
Some key aspects are not included in typical R&D
• Soft costs in development and EPC
• Risk reductions/ cost of capital
• New business models
R&D Programs for CSP
46
Evolution of R&D private investment and aggregated
R&D Programs for CSP
47
Evolution of R&D public investment
48
4. Concluding Remarks
49
Concluding Remarks
• Half a decade ago, expectations for CSP deployment werehigher than the current situation: most long-term forecasts andcountry plans have not been fulfilled.
• There is not only one reason for this:
the quick cost reduction of PV made it a more attractive alternative (so some efforts were moved from CSP to PV);
several other initiatives were halted, hoping that a PV-like cost reduction would bring CSP’s LCOE closer to grid parity;
when the cost reduction was not as quick as expected, the sector risked entering a vicious circle as a slower deployment further slowed cost reduction.
Concluding Remarks
50
• The future development of CSP is linked to its ability to providevalue to the electric system in comparison with other alternatives.
• CSP’s strengths, beyond possible cost break through, are:
cheap storage; demand management capabilities; ancillary services, etc.
• There is potential for cost reduction in both hard and soft costs, butsome chapters (civil works, power block, BoP, EPC cost andOwner’s cost) have barely improved despite its significant impact.
• Soft costs are not a typical target in R&D programs.
Concluding Remarks
51
Hybridization can be a key to the future of CSP:
• Hybridizing CSP with fuels can ease the path, reducingemissions while providing track record to CSP, and time toamortize plants in operation;
• CSP integration costs are as low as conventional, especiallyif hybridized;
• Risk is concentrated on investment in CSP, and on operationin conventional; hybrids can have a better balance betweenboth, diluting them.
52
5. Further Reading
53
REN21 - Renewables 2018 Global Status Report. http://www.ren21.net/gsr-2018/
IRENA – Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Jan/IRENA_2017_Power_Costs_2018.pdf
NREL – “A Guide to Implementing Concentrating Solar Power in Production Cost Models” (2018).https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/68527.pdf
ERSHUN DU, NING ZHANG, BRI-MATHIAS HODGE, CHONGQING KANG, BENJAMIN KROPOSKI, QING XIA – “Economic justification of concentrating solar power in high renewable energy penetrated power systems”. (2018).https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918305099?via%3Dihub
GREENPEACE INTERNATIONAL, ESTELA, SOLARPACES – “Solar Thermal Electricity: Global Outlook 2016”.http://www.estelasolar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/GP-ESTELA-SolarPACES_Solar-Thermal-Electricity-Global-Outlook-2016_Full-report.pdf
ESTELA – “The Value of Solar Thermal Electricity. Cost vs. Value Approach”. (2016).http://www.estelasolar.org/Docs/2016_ESTELA_STE-CSP_Value_Final.pdf
54
NREL – “Methods for Analyzing the Economic Value of Concentrating Solar Power with Thermal EnergyStorage”. (2015).https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/64256.pdf
IEA – “Technology Roadmap – Concentrating Solar Power”. (2010).http://www.solarpaces.org/wp-content/uploads/csp_roadmap.pdf
55
6. Knowledge Checkpoint:Multiple Choice Questions