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Computers Systems - Computers Systems - softwaresoftware

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SoftwareSoftware Operating systems & Operating systems &

FilesFiles Application ProgramsApplication Programs


SoftwareSoftware

Program:Program: A set of instructions for a computer to follow, A set of instructions for a computer to follow,

written in specific programming languagewritten in specific programming language

Software : Software : A collection of programs used by a computerA collection of programs used by a computer


Software CategoriesSoftware Categories

System SW:System SW:

Programs written for computer systemsPrograms written for computer systems e.g. Compilers, operating systemse.g. Compilers, operating systems

Application SW: Application SW:

Programs written for computer usersPrograms written for computer users Word-processors, spreadsheets, & Word-processors, spreadsheets, &

other application packagesother application packages


System SoftwareSystem Software

operating systems, operating systems, utilities, utilities, device drivers, and device drivers, and language translatorslanguage translators

Consists of:


System SoftwareSystem Software Operating systemsOperating systems

ResourcesResources - coordinate input & output - coordinate input & output devices, memory and storage devicesdevices, memory and storage devices

User interfaceUser interface -(how users interact with -(how users interact with the computer, e.g. a graphical user the computer, e.g. a graphical user interface (GUI) using buttons and menus)interface (GUI) using buttons and menus)

ApplicationsApplications -(load and run the -(load and run the applications software, allow multi-applications software, allow multi-tasking)tasking)


System SoftwareSystem Software

UtilitiesUtilities Service programsService programs Manage computer resourcesManage computer resources Help users with diagnosing problemsHelp users with diagnosing problems

Device driversDevice drivers programs allowing input & output programs allowing input & output

devices to communicate with other devices to communicate with other parts of the computer systemparts of the computer system


System SoftwareSystem Software Language translatorsLanguage translators

translate programming translate programming

language into the language into the

language that the language that the

computer understandscomputer understands


This is a software which manages the This is a software which manages the overall operation of the computer overall operation of the computer systemsystem

It is loaded into the computer memory It is loaded into the computer memory when the computer is switched ONwhen the computer is switched ON

Operating System (OS)


Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)

Provides several essential services:Provides several essential services: Loading & running application Loading & running application

programsprograms Allocating memory & processor timeAllocating memory & processor time Providing input & output facilitiesProviding input & output facilities Managing files of informationManaging files of information controls the hardwarecontrols the hardware


Functions of the OSFunctions of the OS

Controls Computer’s HardwareControls Computer’s Hardware

Provide User Interface(s)Provide User Interface(s) GUIsGUIs

Manage Limited resourcesManage Limited resources Memory, CPU time, I/O, Mass storage etcMemory, CPU time, I/O, Mass storage etc

Platform on which other programs runPlatform on which other programs run


Functions of the OSFunctions of the OS

AccountingAccounting Security, permissions etcSecurity, permissions etc

File ManagementFile Management


Brief history of the Brief history of the various O/Svarious O/S

MS-DOS (MS-DOS (MMicrosoft icrosoft DDisk isk OOperating perating SSystem)ystem)

Various versionsVarious versions Ver 1.00 1981 (used with 1Ver 1.00 1981 (used with 1stst IBM PC) IBM PC) Other versions included: ver 2 (1983), ver 3 Other versions included: ver 2 (1983), ver 3

(1984), ver 4 (1988), ver 5 (1991), ver 6 (1984), ver 4 (1988), ver 5 (1991), ver 6 (1993) (1993)

Tasks in MS-DOS performed by typing text Tasks in MS-DOS performed by typing text commandscommands


WindowsWindows

Windows 3.0 (May 1990): Windows 3.0 (May 1990): first first successful successful operating system operating system for the PC for the PC that featured a GUI that featured a GUI (Graphical User Interface) that used easy to use (Graphical User Interface) that used easy to use pictures instead of hard to remember MS-DOS pictures instead of hard to remember MS-DOS commandscommands

Windows 3.1Windows 3.1 – April 1992 – April 1992 Windows NT ver 3.1Windows NT ver 3.1 – 1993: – 1993: NT – New NT – New

TechnologyTechnology - was faster, more secure, and much - was faster, more secure, and much more stable. Was designed for use in large more stable. Was designed for use in large companies (with networking capabilities) where companies (with networking capabilities) where stability and security were especially important. stability and security were especially important. Different versions exists: 3.5, 3.51 and 4.0Different versions exists: 3.5, 3.51 and 4.0


•Windows 95Windows 95 – August 1995. – August 1995. Featured Featured long file names, better performance, and a long file names, better performance, and a greatly improved interface compared with greatly improved interface compared with windows 3.1windows 3.1•Windows 98 – Windows 98 – June 1998: several new and June 1998: several new and improved features supporting new improved features supporting new hardware. e.g. Plug and Playhardware. e.g. Plug and Play•Windows 98 SE (2Windows 98 SE (2ndnd edition) – edition) – May 1999May 1999•Windows 2000 (February 2000)Windows 2000 (February 2000): : Successor to Windows NT. Included Successor to Windows NT. Included features of Win98 (P&P and of win NT – features of Win98 (P&P and of win NT – security and stability)security and stability)


•Windows ME (Millennium)- July 2000. Windows ME (Millennium)- July 2000. Successor to Windows 98Successor to Windows 98•Windows XP - eXPerience (Home and Windows XP - eXPerience (Home and Professional editions) – October 2001. Professional editions) – October 2001. Same technology found in Win NT and Same technology found in Win NT and 2000 with some improvement (GUI, 2000 with some improvement (GUI, security and stability)security and stability)


Other Operating systemsOther Operating systems

UnixUnix: an older, very powerful operating : an older, very powerful operating system that can run on a microcomputer, system that can run on a microcomputer, mainframe. UNIX features great mainframe. UNIX features great performance, security, and reliabilityperformance, security, and reliability

LinuxLinux: Linux is a newer UNIX-based : Linux is a newer UNIX-based operating system that is available for FREE operating system that is available for FREE on the Internet. Linux is becoming a popular on the Internet. Linux is becoming a popular alternative to Microsoft Windowsalternative to Microsoft Windows

MacMac – Operating system for Macintosh – Operating system for Macintosh computers (Apple)computers (Apple)


Most Essential Most Essential UtilitiesUtilities

TroubleshootingTroubleshooting

Anti-virus programsAnti-virus programs

Uninstall programs Uninstall programs

Backup programsBackup programs

File compression programsFile compression programs


Windows UtilitiesWindows Utilities

BackupBackup Disk cleanupDisk cleanup Disk Disk

defragmenterdefragmenter


Utility SuitesUtility Suites

NortonNorton McAfeeMcAfee DataFellowsDataFellows


Application Application SoftwareSoftware

Application Software consists of programs that Application Software consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information. tell a computer how to produce information.

Apply to real-world tasksApply to real-world tasksSolves user problemsSolves user problems

Common Applications are:Common Applications are: Word processing Word processing Electronic spreadsheetElectronic spreadsheet Database Database Presentation graphicsPresentation graphics


Word ProcessingWord Processing

Word Processing software is used to create Word Processing software is used to create and print documents. A key advantage of and print documents. A key advantage of word processing software is that users easily word processing software is that users easily can make changes in documents.can make changes in documents.


Word ProcessingWord Processing

UsesUses Memos, Reports, Correspondence, Memos, Reports, Correspondence,

Minutes of meetings, Anything to be Minutes of meetings, Anything to be typedtyped

FunctionsFunctions Create, Edit, Format, Store,Print text Create, Edit, Format, Store,Print text

and graphicsand graphics


Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add, subtract, and perform user-defined to add, subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results.spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results.


Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

UsesUses Comparing ratesComparing rates Preparing budgetsPreparing budgets Tracking trendsTracking trends

FunctionsFunctions Manipulates numbers in rows and columnsManipulates numbers in rows and columns Recalculates the results when a number is Recalculates the results when a number is

changedchanged What if?What if?


Database SoftwareDatabase Software

Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient update data in an organized and efficient manner, with flexible inquiry and manner, with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities.reporting capabilities.


Database ManagementDatabase Management

UsesUses Keep track of a large number of related Keep track of a large number of related

factsfacts Query the data for specific informationQuery the data for specific information Retrieve information in a variety of waysRetrieve information in a variety of ways

FunctionsFunctions Store dataStore data Update dataUpdate data Manipulate dataManipulate data Retrieve dataRetrieve data Print data in many formsPrint data in many forms Report on data in a variety of waysReport on data in a variety of ways


Presentation GraphicsPresentation Graphics

Presentation graphic software Presentation graphic software allows the user to create documents allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making called slides to be used in making the presentations. Using special the presentations. Using special projection devices, the slides projection devices, the slides display as they appear on the display as they appear on the computer screen.computer screen.


Presentation GraphicsPresentation Graphics

UsesUses Sales toolSales tool Demonstrate a productDemonstrate a product Show cost/benefit projections on chartsShow cost/benefit projections on charts Present audio/video testimonials from satisfied Present audio/video testimonials from satisfied

customerscustomers May containMay contain

TextText GraphicsGraphics AudioAudio VideoVideo

Examples: Examples:

PowerPoint, Corel Presentations, and Lotus PowerPoint, Corel Presentations, and Lotus Freelance GraphicsFreelance Graphics


Desktop PublishingDesktop Publishing

UsesUses NewslettersNewsletters ReportsReports BrochuresBrochures

FunctionsFunctions Handles high-level publishing needsHandles high-level publishing needs


GraphicsGraphics

UsesUses MapsMaps GraphsGraphs ChartsCharts

Helps toHelps to Compare dataCompare data Spot trendsSpot trends Make decisionsMake decisions

Visual information is more compellingVisual information is more compelling


Computer ArtComputer Art

Use software toUse software to Produce artProduce art Express ideasExpress ideas

Graphic artistGraphic artist Artistic abilityArtistic ability Computer skillsComputer skills Produces computer artProduces computer art


Office SuitesOffice Suites Group of basic software applications designed to Group of basic software applications designed to

work togetherwork together Data is portable between basic applications of the Data is portable between basic applications of the

suitesuite Various applications in the suite have the same “look Various applications in the suite have the same “look

and feel”and feel” Cost of suite is less than purchasing individual Cost of suite is less than purchasing individual

applicationsapplications Suites tailored to needsSuites tailored to needs Example of suites / bundled applicationsExample of suites / bundled applications

Microsoft OfficeMicrosoft Office Corel WordPerfect SuiteCorel WordPerfect Suite Lotus SmartSuiteLotus SmartSuite


Integrated ApplicationsIntegrated Applications

Combine basic word processing, Combine basic word processing, spreadsheet, and graphics capabilitiesspreadsheet, and graphics capabilities

More limited than a suiteMore limited than a suite

Easier to learn and useEasier to learn and use


Software for WorkgroupsSoftware for Workgroups

Groupware / collaborative softwareGroupware / collaborative software

Lets a group of people share information or Lets a group of people share information or track information togethertrack information together

Data being used is located in central databaseData being used is located in central database

Data can be accessed and updated by anyone Data can be accessed and updated by anyone in the project groupin the project group

ExamplesExamples SchedulingScheduling

Preparation of proposals by several individualsPreparation of proposals by several individuals


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