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Computers: Hardware Patrice Koehl Computer Science UC Davis Slide 2 Acknowledgments -Wikipedia -http://microsoft.toddverbeek.comhttp://microsoft.toddverbeek.com -http://www.webopedia.comhttp://www.webopedia.com -http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/ -http://www.dell.comhttp://www.dell.com -http://www.intel.comhttp://www.intel.com -http://www.apple.comhttp://www.apple.com -http://www.ibm.comhttp://www.ibm.com -http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/~msc_ice/unit2/http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/~msc_ice/unit2/ -http://www.howstuffworks.comhttp://www.howstuffworks.com Thanks to the following web site for the images used in this presentation: Slide 3 Computer Layers Hardware BIOS Operating System Software Programming languages Slide 4 Computer Layers Hardware BIOS Operating System Software Programming languages Slide 5 Looking inside a computer Computers come in different shapes and sizes, from small laptops (notebooks), desktops to mainframe computers. They all share however the same internal architecture! Slide 6 CPU Input devices Output devices Storage Computer: basic scheme Slide 7 The motherboard: backbone of the computer Slot for memory: RAM Slot for CPU Input/Output: Keyboard, Mouse, Extension cards: Video, sound, internet Hard drive connectors Power supply connector Slide 8 The Central Process Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer CPUs are getting smaller, and can include more than one core (or processors). CPUs get hot, as their internal components dissipate heat:it is important to add a heat sink and fans to kep them cool. Slide 9 Memory: Working Space Slide 10 Slide 11 Storage Hard drive Floppy disk CD or DVD USB key Slide 12 Communicating with a computer Keyboard Mouse Screen Slide 13 Some Input/Output Interfaces Video cards Sound card Ethernet card Slide 14 Hardware communication: buses Cache Backside bus CPU (speed of processor) (33 to 1333 MHz)(66 MHz) (33 or 66 MHz) (33 to 1333 MHz) (up to 300 MHz) ISA devices ISA bus (8.3 MHz) Slide 15 CPURAM a 16 bit bus Hardware communication: buses Communication between the CPU and the RAM is defined by: -the CPU speed -The RAM speed -The number of bits transferred per cycle The memory bus: Other buses: USB, Firewire, PCI Express,