Computer Organization and Computer Organization and DesignDesign

Wrap Up!Wrap Up!

Montek SinghMontek Singh

Wed, Dec 4, 2013Wed, Dec 4, 2013

What else can we do?What else can we do?

… … to improve speed?to improve speed?

Multicore/multiprocessorMulticore/multiprocessor Use more than one processor = multiprocessorUse more than one processor = multiprocessor

called called multicoremulticore when they are all on the same chip when they are all on the same chip read all about it in Chapter 7 of textbookread all about it in Chapter 7 of textbook

FIGURE 7.2 Classic organization of a shared memory multiprocessor. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier, Inc.

GPUs for data-intensive tasksGPUs for data-intensive tasks Originally developed for graphicsOriginally developed for graphics

Now rapidly gaining importance for general-purpose Now rapidly gaining importance for general-purpose computingcomputing

Main advantagesMain advantagesMassively data-parallelMassively data-parallelFast memory architecturesFast memory architectures

NanotechnologyNanotechnology NanoelectronicsNanoelectronics

DNA based self-assembled electronicsDNA based self-assembled electronicsUse DNA to fabricate tinier transistors than possible today Use DNA to fabricate tinier transistors than possible today

using laser/lithographic techniquesusing laser/lithographic techniques

Energy-efficient designEnergy-efficient design Many many research directions…Many many research directions…

A new and very interesting one is “energy harvesting”A new and very interesting one is “energy harvesting”

That’s it folks!That’s it folks!

So, what did we learn this semester?So, what did we learn this semester?

What we learnt this semesterWhat we learnt this semester You now have a pretty good idea about how You now have a pretty good idea about how

computers are designed and how they work:computers are designed and how they work: How data and instructions are representedHow data and instructions are represented How arithmetic and logic operations are performedHow arithmetic and logic operations are performed How ALU and control circuits are implementedHow ALU and control circuits are implemented How registers and the memory hierarchy are How registers and the memory hierarchy are

implementedimplemented How performance is measuredHow performance is measured How performance is increased via pipeliningHow performance is increased via pipelining

Lots of lower-level programming experience:Lots of lower-level programming experience: C and MIPSC and MIPS

This is how programs are actually executed!This is how programs are actually executed!This is how OS/networking code is actually written!This is how OS/networking code is actually written! Java and other higher-level languages are convenient high-Java and other higher-level languages are convenient high-

level abstractions. You probably have new appreciation for level abstractions. You probably have new appreciation for them!them!

Grades?Grades?

We are trying to wrap up all grading!We are trying to wrap up all grading!

Your final grades will be on Sakai by Your final grades will be on Sakai by Thursday evening.Thursday evening.

Also, don’t forget to submit your course Also, don’t forget to submit your course evaluation!evaluation!