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Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
Aerodynamics
Computational Fluid DynamicsIndustrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraftg y
Presented byDr. Klaus Becker / Aerodynamic Strategiesy g
Contents
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• Aerodynamic Vision – where do we go?Aerodynamic Vision where do we go?• Numerical Simulation – what is it?• CFD – typical pictures and examplesCFD typical pictures and examples
• meshing, modelling, quality of results• CFD – what is it used for?• Some challenges• Route to the future
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Aerodynamics is a Major Contributor to …
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
Overall Community & Company VisionOverall Community & Company VisionThe European aviation community leads the world in sustainable aviation products and services, meeting the needs of global citizens and society *)meeting the needs of global citizens and society.*)
Major 2050 GoalsMajor 2050 Goals**)**)
•• COCO22 reduced by 75%, reduced by 75%, NONOxx by 90% and perceived noise by by 90% and perceived noise by 22 y ,y , xx y p yy p y65%, relative to typical new aircraft in 200065%, relative to typical new aircraft in 2000
•• Certification cost reduced by 50% through leading new Certification cost reduced by 50% through leading new standardsstandards
•• Leading edge design manufacture & integrationLeading edge design manufacture & integration•• Leading edge design, manufacture & integration Leading edge design, manufacture & integration maintainedmaintained
•• Jointly defined European research and innovation Jointly defined European research and innovation strategies, from basic research to demonstrators strategies, from basic research to demonstrators
•• Strategic European aeronautic test, simulation and Strategic European aeronautic test, simulation and development facilities identified, maintained and development facilities identified, maintained and continuously developedcontinuously developed
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*) Flightpath 2050 Vision, supported by Airbus**) agreed and presented in Flightpath 2050Page 3
Aerodynamic Simulation
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
ExperimentMethod Theoretical / Numerical
Wind tunnelFlying aircraft
Simulationmachine
Computer
Ph i l / th ti l„Real“ imageModel Physical / mathematicalmodels of nature
Both types of simulation do have advantages, drawbacks and limitsBoth techniques complement each otherBoth methods are further being needed and developed
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Both methods are further being needed and developed
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Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
Geometry, flight conditions
CADCATIA V5
Physical modelof flow conservation laws of nature – 5+2 equations
Discretization 10-50 Mio. mesh pointsMesh GeneratorICEM/Centaur/SOLAR
NumericalSolution
0.915476 0.934722 0.9956420.936521 0.968456 0.97385350-350 Mio. numbers
Flow SolverelsA/TAU
Evaluation Lift: 0.5Drag: 0.025
PostprocessingFFDx/ENSIGHT etc.
Moment: -0.08 Flow,
Aero Data Q li Di i i Si f k C / i
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Problem: Quality ⇔ Discretization error ⇔ Size of task ⇔ Cost/time
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CFD Models
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
Refinement of Physical ModelsFull AircraftConfigurations
FlowProperties
ReducedConfigurationalC l it
ComplexConfigurationsWake Vortex
Configurations
Properties108
106
ComplexityViscous FlowTurbulent Flow
ReducedConfigurationalComplexitySimpleVortex Models
InviscidFlowComplexConfigurationsVortex Flow
Wake VortexSeparation
104
A319A330/340
A340-500/600
102A320 A380
Vortex ModelsSubsonic Flow
A350ProblemSize
Go ahead
Configuration
A310 A3211965 1975 19951985
102A318A320
A3002005
A380Size
g
CFD-Model Navier-StokesEquations
EulerEquations
PotentialEquation
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Page 6
Expected Improvement Lines for CFD/WTT
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
CFD WTM€
Cost CFD WTCost
New model technologies/
High Re testing/ improved strategies
improved WTtechnologies/ rapidprototyping
improved CFD
improvement of algorithms & hardware
intelligentmeshes
improved CFD
Number of simulations > 10.000
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Page 7
CFD
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 8
CFD Status: mesh generation
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
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Page 9
CFD Status: Flow physical modelling
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• Significant improvement in flow modelling• RSM turbulence model clearly favourable to classical 1- or 2-eqn modelsy q• Much better prediction of shock-induced separation
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Page 10
Use of CFD
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
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Page 11
CFD Purpose: Predict Unsteady Aerodynamic Effects
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• Unsteady simulation on installed rotor configuration • Validation investigation on A400M and IPEKA test models• Chimera mesh technique with combined structured & unstructured meshes
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Page 12
CFD Purpose: Support engine integration
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
Stream Lines and x-velocity(CT= -0.2, decelerated flow)
Stream Lines and x-velocity(CT= -0.6, reverse flow)
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Page 13
CFD Purpose: Support WT test set-up and analysis
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• Consistent CFD application helps to
d t d WTunderstand WT results and create confidence
• Lessons learnt:Lessons learnt:best match with WT only via completesimulation of experiment (support, flexibility, walls, ...)
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Page 14
CFD Purpose: Predict Aerodynamics on “true” shapes
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• High Fidelity CFD/CSM applied to aileron/spoiler case• Validation of CFD/CSM model on ETW wind tunnel data• Mesh deformation and CFD-CSM transfer interfaces independent of specific CFD
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Page 15
CFD Purpose: Aircraft unsteady aero loads
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• Gust encounter simulation for flexible trimmed aircraft• Full MD simulation of standard gust affecting aircraft, incl. flexibility and trim• Multiple iterative coupling with automated process control
Trim-iteration convergence
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Page 16
The Future
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
?
Game Changer
LaminarityLaminarity?
Game Changer
LaminarityLaminarity?
Future Aircraft
form
ance
LaminarityLaminarity
Flow ControlFlow Control
MultiMulti--disciplinary disciplinary
?
Future Aircraft
form
ance
LaminarityLaminarity
Flow ControlFlow Control
MultiMulti--disciplinary disciplinary A380
A330logy
/ P
erf
Fully 3D optimized integrated wing design
p yp yOptimisationOptimisationA380
A330logy
/ P
erf
Fully 3D optimized integrated wing design
p yp yOptimisationOptimisation
A320
A330
lution
cs T
echn
ol
Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for
All-new advanced technology wing
A320
A330
lution
cs T
echn
ol
Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for
All-new advanced technology wing
A300
Evolut
rody
nam
ic
Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance
Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for excellent economics
A300
Evolut
rody
nam
ic
Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance
Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for excellent economics
Time
Ae Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance
1st airliner to use winglets for better cruise performance
Time
Ae Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance
1st airliner to use winglets for better cruise performance
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TimeTime
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Future Expectations on Numerical Simulation
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• By the power of the future simulation capability, multidisciplinarysimulation and optimisation will be at hand of every Flight Physicsengineer• Quality of the simulation will be appropriate for product development• Turn-around of simulation will be such that the engineer will not beTurn around of simulation will be such that the engineer will not be
faced with major interruptions of his work process• There is a strong tendency and need towards multi-disciplinary
simulation and optimisation across Flight Physicssimulation and optimisation across Flight Physics• MD interaction will be fully implemented in FP simulation capability• Numerical optimisation will provide baseline design as well as
improvement steps, it will widely assist the design engineer• Numerical simulation will be the major source of all FP aircraft
data• Comprehensiveness as well as quality of data is accepted by
related customers/authorities• Physical experiments will only back up/validate numerical data
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• Physical experiments will only back-up/validate numerical data
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Flight Envelope Flow Physics Challenges
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• Beyond buffet boundary flow tends to become more and more separated
• Maximum lift borders are determined by onset of massive separation
i t t l lift l3g3g
Buffet boundary
pfrom the aircraft surface
• Unsteady effects start to become dominant• High lift configuration
flow is physically very complex due to high • Transonic flow
ff t ( h k )
causing total lift loss
2g
FAC
TOR
2g
FAC
TOR
p gloading effects (shocks)
get stronger with increasing Mach number and load
• Interaction of • Region of highest d
1g
LOA
D F 1g
VD
LOA
D F
VF
physical effects (shock flow, boundary layer flow) start to dominate
accuracy and robustness
• Region of most experience
0g0g
VC
EAS(at a given altitude)
• The colour gradient is intended to show level of confidence in CFD flow solutions
dominate
- 1g- 1g• Low g flow tends to
separate on the lower side of the aircraft
• Local low Mach number / low compressibility flow only weakly coupled to main flow
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main flow
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HPC is a key to future
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
Capacity: # of Overnight
Loads cases run
Capacity: # of Overnight
Loads cases run
Available Computational
Capacity [Flop/s]
Available Computational
Capacity [Flop/s]
LES
Unstead
1 Zeta (1021)102
UnsteadyRANS
x1061 Peta (1015)
1 Exa (1018)103
104
RANS Low Speed
RANS High
1 Tera (1012)105
RANS High Speed
“Smart” use of HPC power:• Algorithms
D t i i1 Giga (109)106
• Data mining• Knowledge
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
CFD basedCFD-basedLOADS
Aero Optimisation& CFD CSM Full MDO
Real timeReal timeCFD based
in flight
CFD basedCFD-basednoise HS
Design
Data Set
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& HQ & CFD-CSMsimulation
in flightsimulationsimulationDesign
Capability achieved during one night batchPage 20
CFD: Request for “real-time”
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
The factord d ineeded is
107
The factorneeded is106106
Vorticity
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Numerical Simulation Capability – 5 Corner Stones
Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
• High fidelity aerodynamic simulationg y y• High Fidelity Flow Simulation CFD capability
• Full parametric product definition• Parametric aircraft - shapes and aero data model
• Multi-disciplinary product optimisation• Integrated product simulation and optimisation
• Highly efficient numerical simulation & optimisation• Platform backbone software system
• High performance computingg p p g• Latest processor and hardware architecture
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Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
Th kTh k !!ThankThank youyou!!© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH All rights reserved Confidential and proprietary document This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS Operations GmbH No intellectual property© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. No intellectual propertyrights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. Thisdocument and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressedin good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS Operations GmbH will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
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