COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - 100 MARKS

General Knowledge including knowledge of current events and of such matters of every dayobservation and experience in their scientific aspects as may be expected of an educated person who hasnot made a special study of any scientific subject. The paper will also include questions on Indian Polityincluding the political system and the Constitution of India, History of India and Geography of a naturewhich the candidate should be able to answer without special study.

GENERAL ENGLISH - 100 MARKS

General English Candidates will be required to write an essay in English. Other questions will bedesigned to test their understanding of English and workmanlike use of words. Passages will usually be setfor summary or precis.

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OPTIONAL SUBJECTS

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING - 100 MARKS

Section A

1. Soil and Water Conservation :

Scope of soil and water conservation. Mechanics and types of erosion, their causes. Rainfall, runoffand sedimentation relationships and their measurement. Soil erosion control measures - biological andengineering including stream bank protection-vegetative barriers, contour bunds, contour trenches, contourstone walls, contour ditches, terraces, outlets and grassed waterways. Gully control structures - temporaryand permanent - design of permanent soil conservation structures such as chute, drop and drop inletspillways. Design of farm ponds and percolation ponds. Principles of flood control-flood routing. WatershedManagement - investigation, planning and implementation - selection of priority areas and water shedwork plan, water harvesting and moisture conservation. Land development - levelling, estimation of earthvolumes and costing. Wind Erosion process - design for shelter belts and wind brakes and their management.Forest (Conservation) Act.

2. Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing :

Basic characteristics of photographic images, interpretation keys, equipment for interpretation, imageryinterpretation for land use, geology, soil and forestry.

Remote sensing - merits and demerits of conventional and remote sensing approaches. Types ofsatellite images, fundamentals of satellite image interpretation, techniques of visual and digital interpretationsfor soil, water and land use management. Use of GIS in planning and development of watersheds, forestsincluding forest cover, water resources etc.

3. Irrigation and Drainage :

Sources of water for irrigation. Planning and design of minor irrigation projects. Techniques ofmeasuring soil moisture - laboratory and in situ, Soil-water plant relationships. Water requirement of crops.Planning conjunctive use of surface and ground water. Measurement of irrigation water, measuring devices- orifices, weirs and flumes. Methods of irrigation - surface, sprinkler and drip, fertigation. Irrigationefficiencies and their estimation. Design and construction of canals, field channels, underground pipelines,head-gates, diversion boxes and structures for road crossing. Occurrence of ground water, hydraulics ofwells, types of wells (tube wells and open wells) and their construction. Well development and testing.Pumps-types, selection and installation. Rehabilitation of sick and failed wells.

Drainage causes of waterlogging and salt problem. Methods of drainage— drainage of irrigated andunirrigated lands, design of surface, sub-surface and vertical drainage systems. Improvement and utilizationof poor quality water. Reclamation of saline and alkali soils. Economics of irrigation and drainage systems.Use of waste water for irrigation — standards of waste water for sustained irrigation, feasibility andeconomics.

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4. Agricultural Structures :

Site selection, design and construction of farmstead - farm house, cattle shed, dairy bam, poultryshed, hog housing, machinery and implement shed, storage structures for food grains, feed and forage.Design and consturction of fences and farm roads. Structures for plant environment - green houses, polyhouses and shade houses. Common building materials used in construction - timber, brick, stone, tiles,concrete etc and their properties. Water supply, drainage and sanitation system.

Section B

1. Farm Power and Machinery :

Agricultural mechanization and its scope. Sources of farm power - animate and electro-mechanical.Thermodynamics, construction and working of internal combustion engines. Fuel, ignition, lubrication,cooling and governing system of IC engines. Different types of tractors and power tillers. Power tramsmission,ground drive, power take off (p.t.o.) and control systems. Operation and maintenance of farm machineryfor primary and secondary tillage. Traction theory. Sowing transplanting and interculture implements andtools. Plant protection equipment - spraying and dusting. Harvesting, threshing and combining equipment.Machinery for earth moving and land development - methods and cost estimation. Ergonomics of man-machine system. Machinery for horticulture and agro-forestry, feeds and forages. Haulage of agriculturaland forest produce.

2. Agro-energy :

Energy requirements of agricultural operations and agro-processing. Selection, installation, safetyand maintenance of electric motors for agricultural applications. Solar (thermal and photovoltoic), windand bio-gas energy and their utilization in agriculture. Gasification of biomass for running IC engines andfor electric power generation. Energy efficient cooking stoves and alternate cooking fuels. Distribution ofelectricity for agricultural and agro-industrial applications.

3. Agricultural Process Engineering :

Post harvest technology of crops and its scope. Engineering properties of agricultural produces andby-products. Unit operations - cleaning grading, size reduction, densification, concentration, drying/dehydration, evaporation, filtration, freezing and packaging of agricultural produces and by-products.Material handling equipment - belt and screw conveyors, bucket elevators, their capacity and powerrequirement. Processing of milk and dairy products - homogenization, cream separation, pasteurization,sterilization, spray and roller drying, butter making, ice cream, cheese and shrikhand manufacture. Wasteand by-product utilization - rice husk, rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, plant residues and coir pith.

4. Instrumentation and computer applications in Agricultural Engineering :

Electronic devices and their characteristics - rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators, multivibrators. Digitalcircuits — sequential and combinational system. Application of microprocessors in data acquisition andcontrol of agricultural engineering processes- measurement systems for level, flow, strain, force, torque,power, pressure, vaccum and temperature. Computers — introduction, input/output devices, centralprocessing unit, memory devices, operating systems, processors, keyboards and printers. Algorithms,flowchart specification, programme translation and problem analysis in Agricultural Engineering. Multimediaand Audio-Visual aids.

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BOTANY - 100 MARKS

Section - A

1. Microbiology:

Important plant diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes. Mode ofinfection and dissemination. Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence. Physiology ofparasitism and control measures.Fungaltoxins.

2. Cryptogams:

Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from evolutonary viewpoint.Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their economic potential.

3. Phanerogams:

Gymnosperms: Concept of Progymonosperms. Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms.Salient features of Cycadales, Coniferrals and Gnetales, their structures and reproduction. General accountof Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordaitales.

Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogeny. Comparative accountof various systems of Angiosperm Classiification. Study of angiospermic families–Magnoliaceae,Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae (Cruci-ferae), Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceaie,Dipterocar-paceae, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solana-ceae, Rubiaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae (Composite), Poaceae (Gramineae), Arecaceae (Palmae), Liliaceae, Musaceae,Orchidaceae. Stomata and their types. Anomalous secondary growth, Anatomy of C 3 and C 4 plants.Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization. Endosperm–its development andfunction. Patterns of embryo development. Polyembryony, apoxmix, Applications of palynology.

4. Plant Utility and Exploitation:

Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of origin. Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibres,spices, beverages, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes. Latex, cellulose Starchand their products. Perfumery. Importance of Ethnobotany in Indian context. Energy plantation. BotanicalGardens and Herbaria.

5. Morphogenesis:

Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation. Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatichybrids and Cybrids.

Section -B

1. Cell Biology:

Techniques of Cell Biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details.Structure and function of extracellular matrix or ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane

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transport and vesicular transport. Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria,ER, ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, hydrogenosome). Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear porecomplex. Chromatin and nucleosome. Cell signalling and cell receptors. Signal transduction (G-1 proteins,etc.). Mitosis and meisdosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomesand their significance. Study of polytene, lampbrush and B-chromosomes–structure, behaviour andsignificance.

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:

Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles). Quantitative geneticsand multiple factors. Linkage and crossing over–methods of gene mapping including molecular maps (ideaof mapping function). Sex chromosomes and sexlinked inheritance, sex determination and molecular basisof sex differentiation. Mutation (biochemical and molecular basis). Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmicgenes (including genetics of male sterility). Prions and prion hypothesis.Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and protines. Genetic code and regulation of gene expression.Multigene families.

Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories. Role of RNA in origin and evolution.

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:

Methods of plant breeding — introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, massselection, bulk method). Male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixis in plant breeding.Micropropagation and genetic engineering–methods of transfer of genes and transgenic crops; developmentand use of molecular markers in plant breeding.

Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson distributions). Correlation andregression.

4. Physiology and Biochemistry:

Water relations, Mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis –photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon pathways including C pathway(photorespiration), C, C and CAM pathways. Respiration (anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation-electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis. Nitrogenfixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes, energy transfer and energy conservation. Importanceof secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome).Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence. Growth substances-their chemical nature, roleand applications in agri-horticulture, growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology (heat, water,salinity, metal). Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of seed. Fruit ripening — itsmolecular basis and manipulation.

5. Ecology and Plant Geography:

Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of community. Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere.Ecosystems and their conservation. Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation).

Forest Types of India — afforestation, deforestation and social forestry. Endangered plants, endemismand Red Data Books. Biodiversity. Convention of Biological Diversity, Sovereign Rights and IntellectualProperty Rights. Biogeochemical cyeles. Global warming.

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING -100 MARKS

Section A

(a) Fluid and Particle Dynamics:

Viscosity of fluids. Laminar and turbulent flows. Equation of continuity and Navier-Stokes equition-Bernoulli’s theorem. Flow meters. Fluid drag and pressure drop due to friction, Reynold’s Number andfriction factor - effect of pipe roughness. Economic pipe diameter. Pumps, water, air/steam jet ejectors,compressors, blowers and fans. Agitation and mixing of liquids. Mixing of solids and pastes. Crushing andGrinding - principles and equipment. Rittinger’s and Bond’s laws. Filtration and filtration equipment. Fluid-particle mechanics - free and hindered settling. Fluidisation and minimum fluidization velocity, concepts ofcompressible and incompressible flow. Transport of Solids.

(b) Mass Transfer:

Molecular diffusion coefficients, First and second law and diffusion, mass transfer coefficients, filmand penetration theories of mass transfer. Distillation, simple distillation, relative volatility, fractional distillation,plate and packed columns for distillation. Calculation of theoretical number of plates. Liquid-liquid equilibria.Extraction - theory and practice; Design of gas-absorption columns. Drying. Humidification, dehumidification.Crystallisation. Design of equipment.

(c) Heat Transfer :

Conduction, thermal conductivity, extended surface heat transfer. Convection - free and forced.Heat transfer coefficients - Nusselt Number. LMTD and effectiveness. NTU methods for the design ofDouble Pipe and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers. Analogy between heat and momentum transfer. Boilingand condensation heat transfer. Single and multiple-effect evaporators. Rediation - Stefan-Boltzman Law,emissivity and absorptivity. Calculation of heat load of a furnace. Solar heaters.

(d) Noval Separation Processes :

Equilibrium separation processes - ion-exchange, osmosis, electro-dialysis, reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration and other membrane processes. Molecular distillation. super critical fluid extraction.

(e) Process Equipment Design:

Factors affecting vessel design criteria - Cost considerations. Design of storage vessels-vertical,horizontal spherical, underground tanks for atmospheric and higher pressure. Design of closures flat andeliptical head. Design of supports. Materials of construction-characteristics and selection.

(f) Process Dynamics and Control:

Measuring instruments for process variables like level, pressure, flow, temperature pH andconcentration with indication in visual/pneumatic/analog/digital signal forms. Control variable, manipulativevariable and load variables. Linear control theory-Laplace, transforms. PID controllers. Block diagramrepresenation transient and frequency response, stability of closed loop system. Advanced control strategies.Computer based process control.

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Section B

(a) Material and Energy Balances:

Material and energy balance calculations in processes with recycle/bypass/purge. Combustion ofsolid/liquid/gaseous fuels, stoichiometric relationships and excess air requirements. Adiabatic flametemperature.

(b) Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics:

Laws of thermodynamics. PVT relationships for pure components and mixtures. Energy functionsand inter-relationships - Maxwell’s relations. Fugacity, activity and chemical potential. Vapour-liquid equilibria,for ideal/non-ideal, single and multi component systems. criteria for chemical reaction equilibrium, equilibriumconstant and equillibrium conversions. Thermodynamic cycles - refrigeration and power.

(c) Chemical Reaction Engineering :

Batch reactors - kinetics of homogeneous reactions and interpretation of kinetic data. Ideal flowreactors - CSTR, plug flow reactors and their performance equations. Temperature effects and run-awayreactions. Heterogeneous reactions - catalytic and non-catalytic and gas-solid and gas-liquid reactions.Intrinsic kinetics and global rate concept. Importance of interphase and intraparticle mass transfer onperformance. Effectiveness factor. Isothermal and non-isothermal reactors and reactor stability.

(d) Chemical Technology :

Natural organic products - Wood and wood-based chemicals, pulp and paper, Agro industries -sugar, Edible oils extraction (including tree based seeds), Soaps and detergents. Essential oils - Biomassgasification (including biogas). Coal and coal chemical. Petrolium and Natural gas-Petrolium refining(Atomospheric distillation/cracking/reforming) - Petrochemical industries - Polyethylenes (LDPE/HDPE/LLDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride, Polystyrene. Ammonia manufacture. Cement and lime industries. Paints andvarnishes. Glass and ceremics. Fermentation - alcohol and antibiotics.

(e) Environmental Engineering and Safety :

Ecology and Environment. Sources of pollutants in air and water. Green house effect, ozone layerdepletion, acid rain. Micrometeorology and dispersion of pollutants in environment. Measurement techniquesof pollutant levels and their control strategies. Solid wastes, their hazards and their disposal techniques.Design and performance analysis of pollution control equipment. Fire and explosion hazards rating - HAZOPand HAZAN. Emergency planning, disaster management. Environmental legislations - water, air environmentprotection Acts. Forest (Conservation) Act.

(f) Process Engineering Economics :

Fixed and working capital requirement for a process industry and estimation methods. Cost estimationand comparison of alternatives. Net present value by discounted cash flow. Pay back analysis. IRR,Depreciation, taxes and insurance. Break-even point analysis. Project scheduling - PERT and CPM.Profit and loss account, balance sheet and financial statement. Plant location and plant layout includingpiping.

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CHEMISTRY - 100 MARKS

Section -A

1. Atomic structure

Quantum theory, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Schroedinger wave equation (time independent).Interpretation of wave function, particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wavefunctions. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.

2. Chemical bonding

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting stability of ionic compounds, latticeenergy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in moleculesand their dipole moments. Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy. Molecularorbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in homonuclear molecules: H+2, H2 to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN,CN-, BeH2 and CO2. Comparision of valence bond and molecular oribtal theories, bond order, bondstrength and bond length.

3. Solid State

Forms of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystal systems and crystal classes(crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell. Laws of rationalindices. Bragg’s law. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close packing, radious ratio rules, calculation of somelimiting radius ratio values. Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2, CdI2 and rutile. Imperfections in crystals,stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors. Elementary study of liquidcrystals.

4. The gaseous state

Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, liquification of gases and criticalphenomena, Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion.

5. Thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics

Thermodynamic systems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy; first law ofthermodynamics, work done on the systems and heat absorbed in different types of processes; calorimetry,energy and enthalpy changes in various processes and their temperature dependence. Second law ofthermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various process, entropy–reversibilityand irreversibility, Free energy functions; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant andthermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics. Micro and macro states;canonical ensemble and canonical partition function; electronic, rotational and vibrational partition functionsand thermodynamic quantities; chemical equilibrium in ideal gas reactions.

6. Phase equilibria and solutions:

Phase equilibria in pure substances; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance;phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids–upper and lower critical solution temperatures;partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and theirdetermination.

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7. Electrochemistry

Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibriumand transport properties. Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f.of cells and its applications, fuel cells and batteries. Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface;rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential; electroanalytical techniques–voltametry, polarography,amperometry, cyclic-voltametry, ion selective electrodes and their use.

8. Chemicalkinetics

Concentration dependence of rate of reaction; defferential and integral rate equations for zeroth,first, second and fractional order reactions. Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive andchain reactions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flowand relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories.

9. Photochemistry

Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions betweenhydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.

10. Surface phenomena and catalysis

Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents, adsorption isotherms–Langmuir and B.E.T.isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneouscatalysts.

11. Bio-inorganic chemistry

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecularmechanism), ionophores, photosynthesis–PSI, PSII; nitrogen fixation, oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromesand ferredoxins.

12. Coordination chemistry

(a) Electronic configurations; introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal complexes.Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation ofmagnetism and electronic spactra of metal complexes.

(b) Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds;stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes;trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer complexes; thermodynamicand kinetic stability of complexes.

(c) Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metalnitrosyl compounds.

(d) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes,alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions,insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization. Compounds with metal-metal bonds andmetal atom clusters.

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13. General chemistry of ‘f’ block elements

Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanidecontraction.

14. Non-Aqueous Solvents

Reactions in liquid NH3, HF, SO2 and H2 SO4. Failure of solvent system concept, coordinationmodel of non-aqueous solvents. Some highly acidic media, fluorosulphuric acid and super acids.

Section B

1. Delocalised covalent bonding :

Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, kekulene, fulvenes, sydnones.

2. (a) Reaction mechanisms: General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanismor organic reactions illustrated by examples–use of isotopes, cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping,stereochemistry; energy diagrams of simple organic reactions–transition states and intermediates; energyof activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(b) Reactive intermediates: Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carbonium andcarbanium ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and niternes.

(c) Substitution reactions: SN1, SN2, SNi, SN1’, SN2’, SNi’ and SRN1 mechanisms;neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compound includingsimple heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, thiophene, indole.

(d) Elimination reactions: E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions–Saytzeff andHoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination–acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope eliminations.

(e) Addition reactions: Electrophilic addition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic addition to C=O,C=N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

(f) Rearrangements: Pinacol-pinacolune, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries,Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

3. Pericyclic reactions :

Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—clectrocyclic reactions, cycloadditionreactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.

4. Chemistry and mechanism of reactions :

Aldol condensation (including directed aldol condensation), Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin,Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoinand acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer,Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.

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5. Polymeric Systems

(a) Physical chemistry of polymers: Polymer solutions and their thermodynamic properties; numberand weight average molecular weights of polymers. Determination of molecular weights by sedimentation,light scattering, osmotic pressure, viscosity, end group analysis methods.

(b) Preparation and properties of polymers: Organic polymers–polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, Teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber. Inorganic polymers–phosphonitrilic halides,borazines, silicones and silicates.

(c) Biopolymers: Basic bonding in proteins, DNA and RNA.

6. Synthetic uses of reagents :

OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4 n-BuLi,MCPBA.

7. Photochemistry :

Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and tripletstates, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

8. Principles of spectroscopy and applications in structure elucidation

(a) Rotational spectra–diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

(b) Vibrational spectra–diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies offunctional groups in polyatomic molecules.

(c) Electronic spectra : Singlet and triplet states. N–>* and –>* transitions; application toconjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser rules.

(d) Nuclear magnetic resonance : Isochronous and anisochronous protons; chemical shift andcoupling constants; Application of 1H NMR to simple organic molecules.

(e) Mass spectra : Parent peak, base peak, daugther peak, metastable peak, fragmentation ofsimple organic molecules;– cleavage, McLafferty rearrangement.

(f) Electron spin resonance : Inorganic complexes and free radicals.

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FORESTRY -100 MARKS

Section - A

1. Agroforestry, Social Forestry, Joint Forest Management and Tribology :

Agroforestry - scope and necessity; role in the life of people and domestic animals and in integratedland use, planning especially related to (i) soil and water conservation; (ii) water recharge; (iii) nutrientavailability to crops; (iv) nature and eco-system preservation including ecological balances through pest-predator relationships and (v) providing opportunities for enhancing bio-diversity, medicinal and otherflora and fauna. Agro forestry systems under different agro-ecological zones; selection of species and roleof multipurpose trees and NTFPs, techniques, food, fodder and fuel security. Research and Extensionneeds. Social/Urban Forestry : objectives, scope and necessity; peoples participation. JFM - principles,objectives, methodology, scope, benefits and role of NGOs. Tribology - tribal scene in India; tribes,concept of races, principles of social grouping, stages of tribal economy, education, cultural tradition,customs, ethos and participation in forestry programmes.

2. Forest Soils, Soil Conservation and Watershed management :

Forests Soils: classification, factors affecting soil formation; physical, chemical and biological properties.Soil conservation - definition, causes for erosion; types - wind and water erosion; conservation andmanagement of eroded soils/areas, wind breaks, shelter belts; sand dunes; reclamation of saline and alkalinesoils, water logged and other waste lands. Role of forests in conserving soils. Maintenance and build up ofsoil organic matter, provision of loppings for green leaf manuring; forest leaf litter and composting; Role ofmicroorganisms in ameliorating soils; N and C cycles, VAM.

Watershed Management - concepts of watershed; role of mini-forests and forest trees in overallresource management, forest hydrology, watershed development in respect of torrent control, river channelstabilization, avalanche and landslide controls, rehabilitation of degraded areas; hilly and mountain areas;watershed management and environmental functions of forests; water-harvesting and conservation; groundwater recharge and watershed management; role of integrating forest trees, horticultural crops, field crops,grass and fodders.

3. Environmental Conservation and Biodiversity :

Environment; components and importance, principles of conservation, impact of deforestation; forestfires and various human activities like mining, construction and developmental projects, population growthon environment.

Pollution - types, global warming, green house effects, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, impact andcontrol measures, environmental monitoring; concept of sustainable development. Role of trees and forestsin environmental conservation; control and prevention of air, water and noise pollution. Environmentalpolicy and legislation in India. Environmental Impact Assessment. Economics assessment of watersheddevelopment vis-a-vis ecological and environmental protection.

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4. Tree Improvement and Seed Technology :

General concept of tree improvement, methods and techniques, variation and its use, provenance,seed source, exotics; quantitative aspects of forest tree improvement, seed production and seed orchards,progeny tests, use of tree improvement in natural forest and stand improvement, genetic testing programming,selection and breeding for resistance to diseases, insects, and adverse environment; the genetic base,forest genetic resources and gene conservation in situ and ex-situ. Cost benefit ratio, economic evaluation.

Section B

1. Forest Management and Management Systems :

Objective and principles; techniques; stand structure and dynamics, sustained yield relation; rotation,normal forest, growing stock; regulation of yield; management of forest plantations, commercial forests,forest cover monitoring. Approaches viz., (i) site-specific planning, (ii) strategic planning, (iii) Approval,sanction and expenditure, (iv) Monitoring (v) Reporting and governance. Details of steps involved such asformation of Village Forest Committees, Joint Forest Participatory Management.

2. Forest Working Plan :

Forest planning, evaluation and monitoring tools and approaches for integrated planning; multipurposedevelopment of forest resources and forest industries development; working plans and working schemes,their role in nature conservation, bio-diversity and other dimensions; preparation and control. DivisionalWorking Plans, Annual Plan of Operations.

3. Forest Mensuration and Remote Sensing :

Methods of measuring - diameter, girth, height and volume of trees; form-factor; volume estimationof stand, current annual increment; mean annual increment. Sampling methods and sample plots. Yieldcalculation; yield and stand tables, forest cover monitoring through remote sensing; Geographic InformationSystems for management and modelling.

4. Surveying and Forest Engineering :

Forest surveying - different methods of surveying, maps and map reading. Basic principles of forestengineering. Building materials and construction. Roads and Bridges; General principles, objects, types,simple design and construction of timber bridges.

5. Forest Ecology and Ethnobotany :

Forest ecology - Biotic and abiotic components, forest eco-systems; forest community concepts;vegetation concepts, ecological succession and climax, primary productivity, nutrient cycling and waterrelations; physiology in stress environments (drought, water logging salinity and alkalinity). Forest types inIndia, identification of species, composition and associations; dendrology, taxonomic classification, principlesand establishment of herbaria and arboreta. Conservation of forest ecosystems. Clonal parks,Role of Ethnobotany in Indian Systems of Medicine; Ayurveda and Unani - Introduction, nomenclature,habitat, distribution and botanical features of medicinal and aromatic plants. Factors affecting action andtoxicity of drug plants and their chemical constituents.

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6. Forest Resources and Utilization :

Environmentally sound forest harvesting practices; logging and extraction techniques and principles,transportation system, storage and sale; Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) definition and scope;gums, resins, oleoresins, fibres, oil seeds nuts, rubber, canes, bamboos, medicinal plants, charcoal, lac andshellac, Katha and Bidi leaves, collection; processing and disposal.

Need and importance of wood seasoning and preservation; general principles of seasoning, air andkiln seasoning, solar dehumidification, steam heated and electrical kilns. Composite wood; adhesives-manufacture, properties, uses, plywood manufacture-properties, uses, fibre boards-manufacture properties,uses; particle boards manufacture; properties uses. Present status of composite wood industry in India infuture expansion plans. Pulp-paper and rayon; present position of supply of raw material to industry, woodsubstitution, utilization of plantation wood; problems and possibilities.

Anatomical structure of wood, defects and abnormalities of wood, timber identification - generalprinciples.

7. Forest Protection & Wildlife Biology :

Injuries to forest - abiotic and biotic, destructive agencies, insect-pests and disease, effects of airpollution on forests and forest die back. Susceptibility of forests to damage, nature of damage, cause,prevention, protective measures and benefits due to chemical and biological control. General forest protectionagainst fire, equipment and methods, controlled use of fire, economic and environmental costs; timbersalvage operations after natural disasters. Role of afforestation and forest regeneration in absorption ofCO2. Rotational and controlled grazing, different methods of control against grazing and browsing animals;effect of wild animals on forest regeneration, human impacts; encroachment, poaching, grazing, live fencing,theft, shifting cultivation and control.

8. Forest Economics and Legislation :

Forest economics–fundamental principles, cost-benefit analysis; estimation of demand and supply;analysis of trends in the national and international market and changes in production and consumptionpatterns; assessment and projection of market structures; role of private sector and co-operatives; role ofcorporate financing. Socio-economic analysis of forest productivity and attitudes; valuation of forest goodsand service.

Legislation–History of forest development; Indian Forest Policy of 1894, 1952 and 1990. NationalForest Policy, 1988 of People’s involvement, Joint Forest Management, Involvement of women; ForestryPolicies and issues related to land use, timber and non-timber products, sustainable forest management;industrialisation policies; institutional and structural changes. Decentralization and Forestry PublicAdministration. Forest laws, necessity; general principles, Indian Forest Act 1927; Forest ConservationAct, 1980; Wildlife Protection Act 1972 and their amendments; Application of Indian Penal Code toForestry. Scope and objectives of Forest Inventory.

ACF Syllabus 15

GEOLOGY - 100 MARKS

Section-A

(i) General Geology

The Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth. Radioactivity and age of earth;Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, earthquake belts, seismicityof India, intensity and magnitude, seismongraphs. Island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges.Continental drift-evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy, orogeny andepeirogeny. Continents and oceans.

(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing

Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting. Landforms, slopes and drainage.Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology.Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering,. hydrology and environmentalstudies. Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.

Aerial photographs and their interpretation-mertis and limitations. The Electronmagnetic Spectrum.Orbiting satellites and sensor systems. Indian Remote Sensing Sataellites. Satellites data products.Applications of remote sensing in geology. The Geographic Information System and its applications. GlobalPositioning System.

(iii) Structural geology

Priniples of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, stress and strain ellipsoid andstress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials. Strain markers in deformed rocks.Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics.Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation.Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petrofabrics.

(iv) Paleontology

Species- definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils.Different kinds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimaticand paleoceanographic studies. Morphology, geological history and evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda,Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthozoa. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita andGraptoloidea. Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwanaflora and its importance.

(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India

Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chro-nostratigraphic andmagnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks ofIndia. Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference tofauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems- Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography andigneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution ofthe Himalayas.

16 ACF Syllabus

(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :

Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water. Movement of subsruface water. Springs. Porosity,permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainagebasin morphometry. Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems and management ofgroundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of rocks. Geological investigations for dams,tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction material. Alkali-aggregate reaction. Landslides-causes, preventionand rehabilitation. Earthquake-resistant structures.

Section-B

(i) Mineralogy

Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry. International system of crystallographicnotation. Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry. Crystal defects. Elements of X-raycrystallography.

Petrological microscope and accessories. Optical properties of common rock forming minerals.Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals. Physicaland chemical characters of rock forming slilicate mineral groups. Structural classification of silicates. Commonminerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halidegroups.

(ii) Igneous ad Metamorphic Petrology

Generation and crystallisation of magma. Crystallisation of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite anddiopside-wollastonite-silica systems. Reaction principle., Magmatic differentation and assimilation.Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structrues of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis ofgranite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks.Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.

Types and agents of metamporphism. Metamporphic grdes and zones. Phase rule. Facies of regionaland contact metamorphism. ACF and AKF diagrams. Textures and structures of metamporphic rocks.Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks. Minerals assemblages Retrogrademetamorphism. Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.

(iii) Sedimentology

Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation. diagenesis and lithification. Properties of sediments.Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment. Sedimentaryfacies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance.Sedminetary basins of India.

(iv) Economic Geology

Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits. Process of formation ofminerals deposits. Controls of ore localisation. Ore textures and structures. Metallogenic epochs andprovinces. Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead zinc,manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals. Deposits of coal and petroleum in India.

ACF Syllabus 17

National Mineral Policy. Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources andLaw of Sea.

(v) Mining Geology

Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical. Techniques ofsampling. Estimation of reserves or ore. Mehtods of exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial mineralsand marine mineral resources. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

(vi) Geochemistry and Environmental Geology

Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and compostionof earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemicalbonds, coordination number. Isolmorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics.Natural hazards-floods, landslides, coastal erosion, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation.Environmental impact of urbanization, open cast mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use offertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollutionEnvironment protection-legislative measures in India.

MATHEMATICS - 100 MARKS

Section-A

Linear Algebra

Vector, space, linear dependance and independance, subspaces, bases, dimensions. Finite dimensionalvector spaces.

Matrices, Cayley-Hamiliton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, matrix of linear transformation,row and column reduction, Echelon form, eqivalence, congruences and similarity, reduction to cannonicalform, rank, orthogonal, symmetrical, skew symmetrical, unitary, hermitian, skew-hermitian forms–theireigenvalues. Orthogonal and unitary reduction of quadratic and hermitian forms, positive definite quardraticforms.

Calculus

Real numbers, limits, continuity, differerentiability, mean-value theorems, Taylor’s theorem withremainders, indeterminate forms, maximas and minima, asyptotes. Functions of several variables: continuity,differentiability, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian.Riemann’s definition of definite integrals, indefinite integrals, infinite and improper intergrals, beta and gammafunctions. Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only). Areas, surface and volumes, centre ofgravity.

18 ACF Syllabus

Analytic Geometry :

Cartesian and polar coordinates in two and three dimesnions, second degree equations in two andthree dimensions, reduction to cannonical forms, straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines,plane, sphere, cone, cylinder., paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.Section-B

Ordinary Differential Equations :

Formulation of differential equations, order and degree, equations of first order and first degree,integrating factor, equations of first order but not of first degree, Clariaut’s equation, singular solution.Higher order linear equations, with constant coefficients, complementary function and particular integral,general solution, Euler-Cauchy equation.

Second order linear equations with variable coefficients, determination of complete solution whenone solution is known, method of variation of parameters.

Dynamics, Statics and Hydrostatics :

Degree of freedom and constraints, rectilinerar motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane,projectiles, constrained motion, work and energy, conservation of energy, motion under impulsive forces,Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces, motion of varying mass, motion under resistance.Equilibrium of a system of particles, work and potential energy, friction, common catenary, principle ofvirtual work, stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions. Pressure of heavy fluids,equilibrium of fluids under given system of forces Bernoulli’s equation, centre of pressure, thrust on curvedsurfaces, equilibrium of floating bodies, stability of equilibrium, metacentre, pressure of gases.

Vector Analysis :

Scalar and vector fields, triple, products, differentiation of vector function of a scalar variable, Gradient,divergence and curl in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates and their physical interpretations.Higher order derivatives, vector identities and vector quations. Application to Geometry: Curves in space,curvature and torision. Serret-Frenet’s formulae, Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green’s identities.

Section-B

Algebra:

Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, homomorphism of groups quotient groups basic isomorophismtheorems, Sylow’s group, permutation groups, Cayley theorem. Rings and ideals, principal ideal domains,unique factorization domains and Euclidean domains. Field extensions, finite fields.

Real Analysis :

Real number system, ordered sets, bounds, ordered field, real number system as an ordered fieldwith least upper bound property, cauchy sequence, completeness, Continuity and uniform continuity offunctions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets. Riemann integral, improper integrals, absoluteand conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Uniformconvergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions. Differentiationof fuctions of several variables, change in the order of partial derivatives, implict function theorem, maxima

ACF Syllabus 19

and minima. Multiple integrals. Complex Analysis : Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’stheorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, power series, Taylor’s series, Laurent’s Series, Singularities, Cauchy’sresidue theorem, contour integration. Conformal mapping, bilinear transformations.

Linear Programming :

Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution, graphicalmethod and Simplex method of solutions. Duality.

Transportation and assignment problems. Travelling salesman problmes.

Partial differential equations:

Curves and surfaces in three dimesnions, formulation of partial differential equations, solutions ofequations of type dx/p=dy/q=dz/r; orthogonal trajectories, pfaffian differential equations; partial differentialequations of the first order, solution by Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Charpit’s method of solutions,linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, equations of vibratingstring, heat equation, laplace equation.

Numerical Analysis and Computer programming:

Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection,Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian eliminationand Gauss-Jordan (direct) methods, Gauss-Seidel(iterative) method. Newton’s (Forward and backward)and Lagrange’s method of interpolation.

Numerical integration: Simpson’s one-third rule, tranpezodial rule, Gaussian quardrature formula.Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runge Kutta-methods.Computer Programming: Storage of numbers in Computers, bits, bytes and words, binary system. arithmeticand logical operations on numbers. Bitwise operations. AND, OR , XOR, NOT, and shift/rotate operators.Octal and Hexadecimal Systems. Conversion to and form decimal Systems. Representation of unsignedintegers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integrers.

Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems:

Developing simple programs in Basic for problems involving techniques covered in the numericalanalysis.

Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics :

Generalised coordinates, constraints, holonomic and non-holonomic , systems. D’ Alembert’sprinciple and Lagrange’ equations, Hamilton equations, moment of intertia, motion of rigid bodies in twodimensions.

Equation of continuity, Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow, stream-lines, path of a particle,potential flow, two-dimensional and axisymetric motion, sources and sinks, vortex motion, flow past acylinder and a sphere, method of images. Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid.

20 ACF Syllabus

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING -100 MARKS

Section - A

1. Theory of Machines :

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms. Cams, Gears and gear trains, Flywheels,Governors, Balancing of rigid rotors, Balancing of single and multicylinder engines, Linear vibration analysisof mechnical systems (single degree and two degrees of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts,Automatic Controls, Belts and chain drives. Hydrodynamic bearings.

2. Mechanics of Solids :

Stress and strain in two dimensions. Principal stresses and strains, Mohr’s construction, linear elasticmaterials, isotropy and an isotropy, Stress-strain relations, unlaxial loading, thermal stresses. Beams :Banding moment and shear force diagrams, bending stresses and deflection of beams, Shear stressdistribution. Torsion of shafts, helical springs. Combined stresses, Thick and thin walled pressure vessels.Struls and columns, Strain energy concepts and theories of failure. Rotation discs. Shrink fits.

3. Enginerring Materials :

Basic concepts on structure of solids, Crystalline materials, Defects in crystalline materials, Alloysand binary phase diagrams, structure and properties of common engineering materials. Heat treatment ofsteels. Plastics, Ceramics and composite Materials, common applications of various materials.

4. Manufacturing Science :

Marchant’s force analysis, Taylor’s tool life equation, machinability and machining economics, Rigid,small and flexible automation, NC, CNC. Recent machining methods- EDM, ECM and ultrasonics.Application of lasers and plasmas, analysis of forming processes. High energy rate forming. Jigs, fixtures,tools and gauges, Inspection of length, position, profile and surface finish.

5. Manufacturing management :

Production Planning and Control, Forecasting-Moving average, exponential smoothing, Operationssheduling; assembly line balancing. Product development. Breakeven analysis, Capacity planning. PERTand CPM.

Control Operations : Inventory control-ABC analysis. EOQ model. Materials requirement planning.Job design, Job standards, work measurement, Quality management-Quality control. Operations Research:Linear programming-Graphical and Simplex methods. Transportation and assignment models. Single serverqueuing model.

Value Engineering : Value analysis, for cost/value. Total quality management and forecasting techniques.Project management.

6. Elements of Computation:

Computer Organisation, Flow charting. Features of Common Computer Languages-FORTRAN dBase III, Lotus 1-2-3 C and elementary programming.

ACF Syllabus 21

Section -B

1. Thermodynamics :

Basic concept. Open and closed systems, Applications of Thermodynamic Laws, Gas equations,Clapeyron equation, Availability, Irreversibility and Tds relations.

2. I.C. Engines, Fuels and Combustion :

Spark lgnition and compression ignition engines, Four stroke engine and Two stroke engines,mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiency, Heat balance.

Combustion process in S.I. and C.I. engines, preignition detonation in S.I. engine Diesel knock inC.I. engine. Choice of engine fuels, Octance and Cetane retings. Alternate fuels Carburration and Fuelinjection, Engine emissions and control. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, stoichometric air requirements andexcess air factor, fuel gas analysis, higher and lower calorific values and their measurements.

3. Heat Transfer, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning :

One and two dimensional heat conduction. Heat transfer from extended surfaces, heat transfer byforced and free convection. Heat exchangers. Fundamentals for diffusive and connective mass transfer,Radiation laws, heat exchange between black and non balck surfaces, Network Analysis. Heat pumprefrigeration cycles and systems, Condensers, evaporators and expansion devices and controls. Propertiesand choice of refrigerant, Refrigeration Systems and components, psychometrics, comfort indices, coolingloading calculations, solar refrigeration.

4. Turbo-Machines and Power Plants:

Continuity, momentum and Energy Equations. Adiabatic and Isentropic flow, fanno lines, Rayleghlines. Theory and design of axial flow turbines and compressors, Flow through turbo-machine balde,cascades, centrifugal compressor. Dimensional analysis and modelling. Selection of site for steam, hydro,nuclear and stand-by power plants, selection base and peak load power plants Modern High pressure,High duty boilers, Draft and dust removal equipment, Fuel and cooling water systems, heat balance,station and palnt heat rates, operation and maintenance of various power plants, preventive maintenance,economics of power generation.

22 ACF Syllabus

PHYSICS -100 MARKS

Section-A

1. Classical Mechanics

(a) Particle dynamics: Centre of mass and laboratory coordinates, conservation of linear andangular momentum. The rocket equation. Rutherford scattering, Galilean transformation, inertial and non-inertial frames, rotating frames, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Foucault pendulum.

(b) System of particles: Constraints, degrees of freedom, generalised coordinates and momenta.Lagrange’s equation and applications to linear harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum and central forceproblems. Cyclic coordinates, Hamiltonian Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle.

(c) Rigid body dynamics: Eulerian angles, inertia tensor, principal moments of inertia. Euler’sequation of motion of a rigid body, force-free motion of a rigid body. Gyroscope.

2. Special Relativity, Waves & Geometrical Optics

(a) Special Relativity: Michelson-Morley experiment and its implications. Lorentz transformations-length contraction, time dilation, addition of velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation,simple applications to a decay process. Minkowski diagram, four dimensional momentum vector. Covarianceof equations of physics.

(b) Waves: Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats.Stationary waves in a string. Pulses and wave packets. Phase and group velocities. Reflection and Refractionfrom Huygens’ principle.

(c) Geometrical Optics: Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle. Matrix methodin paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and sphericalaberrations.

3. Physical Optics

(a) Interference: Interference of light-Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thinfilms, Michelson interferometer. Multiple beam interference and Fabry-Perot interferometer. Holographyand simple applications.

(b) Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power.Fresnel diffraction: - half-period zones and zones plates. Fresnel integrals. Application of Cornu’s spiral tothe analysis of diffraction at a straight edge and by a long narrow slit. Diffraction by a circular aperture andthe Airy pattern.

(c) Polarisation and Modern Optics: Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarisedlight. Double refraction, quarter wave plate. Optical activity. Principles of fibre optics attenuation; pulsedispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion, single mode fibres. Lasers-EinsteinA and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence.Focussing of laser beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation.

ACF Syllabus 23

4. Electricity and Magnetism

a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics: Laplace ad Poisson equations in electrostatics and theirapplications. Energy of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential. Methodof images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipolein an external field. Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to boundary-value problems-conductingand dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetised sphere.Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b) Current Electricity: Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law,Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law. Self-and mutual-inductances. Mean and rms values in AC circuits.LR CR and LCR circuits- series and parallel resonance. Quality factor. Principle of transformer.

5. Electromagnetic Theory & Black Body Radiation

(a) Electromagnetic Theory: Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations. Wave equations invacuum, Poynting theorem. Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge invariance, Lorentz andCoulomb gauges. Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations. Waveequations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics.Fresnel’s relations. Normal and anomalous dispersion. Rayleigh scattering.

(b) Blackbody radiation: Blackbody radiation and Planck radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law,Wien displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law. Planck mass, Planck length, Planck time,.Planck temperature and Planck energy.

6. Thermal and Statistical Physics

(a) Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy.Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy change. Otto and Dieselengines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential. Van der Waals equation of state of a realgas, critical constants. Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities, transportphenomena, equipartition and virial theorems. Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye’s theories ofspecific heat of solids. Maxwell relations and applications. Clausius- Clapeyron equation.Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) Statistical Physics: Saha ionization formula. Bose-Einstein condensation. Thermodynamicbehaviour of an ideal Fermi gas, Chandrasekhar limit, elementary ideas about neutron starsand pulsars. Brownian motion as a random walk, diffusion process. Concept of negativetemperatures.

24 ACF Syllabus

Section-B

1. Quantum Mechanics I

Wave-particle duality. Schroedinger equation and expectation values. Uncertainty principle. Solutionsof the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box,particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission by a potential step and by arectangular barrier. Use of WKB formula for the life-time calculation in the alpha-decay problem.

2. Quantum Mechanics II & Atomic Physics

(a) Quantum Mechanics II: Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electrontheory of metals. The angular momentum problem. The hydrogen atom. The spin half problem and propertiesof Pauli spin matrices.

(b) Atomic Physics: Stern-Gerlack experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom. L-S coupling, J-J coupling. Spectroscopic notation of atomic states. Zeeman effect. Frank-Condon principleand applications.

3. Molecular Physics

Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. Ramaneffect and molecular structure. Laser Raman spectroscopy Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecularhydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Elementary theoryand applications of NMR. Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

4. Nuclear Physics

Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment. Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas. Ground state of a deuteron magnetic momentand non-central forces. Meson theory of nuclear forces. Salient features of nuclear forces. Shell model ofthe nucleus-success and limitations. Violation of parity in beta decay. Gamma decay and internal conversion.Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy. Q-value of nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission and fusion,energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.

5. Particle Physics & Solid State Physics

(a) Particle Physics: Classification of elementary particles and their interactions. Conservationlaws. Quark structure of hadrons. Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions. Elementary ideasabout Unification of Forces. Physics of neutrinos.

(b) Solid State Physics: Cubic crystal structure. Band theory of solids- conductors, insulators andsemiconductors. Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications.Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity.

6. Electronics

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors-p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps. FET, JFET and MOSFET. Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, Logic gatesand truth tables., Simple logic circuits. Thermistors, solar cells. Fundamentals of microprocessors anddigital computers.

ACF Syllabus 25

STATISTICS 100 MARKS

Section - A

Probability :

Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurablefunction, distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable probabilitymass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditionaldistributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of arandom variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, inprobability, in p-th mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Borel-Cantelli lemma,Chebyshev’s and Khinchine‘s weak laws of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and kolmogorov’stheorems, Glivenko-Cantelli theorem, probability generating function, characteristic function, inversiontheorem, Laplace transform, related uniqueness and continuity theorems, determination of distribution byits moments. Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probabilitydistributions, their inter-relations and limiting cases, simple properties of finite Markov chains.

Statistical Inference

Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, minimal sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistic,factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum varianceunbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequalityfor single and several-parameter family of distributions, minimum variance bound estimator and its properties,modifications and extensions of Cramer-Rao inequality, Chapman-Robbins inequality, Bhattacharyya’sbounds, estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square andmodified minimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, idea of asymptoticefficiency, idea of prior and posterior distributions, Bayes estimators.

Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMPtests, monotone likelihood ratio, generalised Neyman-Pearson lemma, similar and unbiased tests, UMPUtests for single and several-parameter families of distributions, likelihood rotates and its large sampleproperties, chi-square goodness of fit test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and itsrelation with tests, uniformly most accurate (UMA) and UMA unbiased confidence bounds.

Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. wilcoxonsigned-ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whiltney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality. Wald’s SPRT and its properties,OC and ASN functions, Wald’s fundamental identity, sequential estimation.

Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis

Linear statistical modesl, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory,normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of signficance and interval estimatesbased on least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis,linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partialcorrelations, regression diagnostics and sensitivity analysis, calibration problems, estimation of varianceand covariance components, MINQUE theory, multivariate normal distributin, Mahalanobis;’ D2 andHotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations,one-way MANOVA, principal component analysis, elements of factor analysis.

26 ACF Syllabus

Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments

An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finitepopulation sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement,stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy for structural populations, cluster sampling,two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression, methods of estimation involving one or moreauxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and withoutreplacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimationwith reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors, Warner’s randomised responsetechnique for sensitive characteristics.

Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classificationper cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality andbalance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial designs : 2n, 32 and 33, confounding in factorial experiments,split-plot and simple lattice designs.

Section -B

Industrial Statistics

Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts forvariables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts, cumulative sum chart, V-mask, single, double, multipleand sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer’s andconsumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, sampling plans for variables, use of Dodge-Romig and MilitaryStandard tables.

Concepts of reliability, maintainability and availability, reliability of series and parallel systems andother simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, survival models (exponential), Weibull,lognormal, Rayleigh, and bath-tub), different types of redundancy and use of redundancy in reliabilityimprovement, problems in life-testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.

Optimization Techniques

Different, types of models in Operational Research, their construction and general methods of solution,simulation and Monte-Carlo methods, the structure and formulation of linear programming (LP) problem,simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis,transportation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games, methods ofsolution (graphical and algerbraic).

Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept ofscientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models withdeterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular referenceto dam type.

Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of statesand ergodic theorems, homogeneous continous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queueingtheory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.

Solution of statistical problems on computers using well known statistical software packages likeSPSS.

ACF Syllabus 27

Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics

Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationeryof series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components,forecasting.

Commonly used index numbers-Laspeyre’s, Paashe’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, chain-base index number uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumerprice index number, index numbers of agricultural and industrial production, tests, for mdex numbers lveproportonality test, time-reversal test, factor-reversal test, circular test and dimensional invariance test.

General linear model, ordinary least squares and generalised least squires methods of estimation,problem of multicollineaity, consequences and solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and itsconsequeces, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independe of disturbances, Zellner’sseemingly unrelated regression equation model and its estimation, concept of structure and model forsimulaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stageleast squares method of estimation.

Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production,trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitation and the principalpublications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and theirmain functions.

Demography and Psychometry

Demographic data from census, registration, NSS and other surveys, and their limitation and uses,definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidityrate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statisticsand census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve,population projection, stable population theory, uses of stable population and quasi-stable populationtechniques in estimation of demographic parameters, morbidity and its measurement, standard classificationby cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics.

Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores, percentilescores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity of test scores and its determination, useof factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.

28 ACF Syllabus

ZOOLOGY- 100 MARKS

Section-A

1. Non-chordata and chordata :

(a) Classfication and relationship of varous phyla upto sub-classes; Acoelomata and Coelomata;Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateralia and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora andHemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa : Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction; evolution of sex; General features and lifehistory of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium, and Leishmania. (c) Porifera : Skeleton, canal systemand reproduction.

(d) Coelenterata : Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and theirformation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.(e) Platyhelminthes : Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and theirrelation to man.

(f) Nemathelminthes : General features, life history and parasitic adaptation of Ascaris;nemathelminths in relation to man.

(g) Annelida : Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and lifehistory of nereis (Neanthes), earthworm (Pheretima) and leach (Hirudinaria).

(h) Arthropoda : Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods(prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly,honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insects and its hormonal regulation; social organization ininsects (termites and honey bees).

(i) Mollusca : Feeding, respiration, locomotion, shell diversity; general features and life history ofLamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j) Echinodermata : Feeding, respiration, locomotion larval forms; general features and life historyof Asterias.

(k) Protochordata : Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma andHerdamania.

(l) Pisces : Scales, respiration, locomotion, migration.

(m) Amphibia : Origin of tetrapods; parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n) Reptilia : Origin of reptiles; skull types; status of Sphenodon and crocidiles.

(o) Aves : Origin of birds; flight adaptation, migration.

(p) Mammalia : Origin of mammals; definition; general features of egg-laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates; endocrine glands and other hormone producing structures (pituitary,thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, glands) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and itsderivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory systemincluding heart and aortic arches; urino-genital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

ACF Syllabus 29

1I. Ecology

(a) Biosphere: Biogeochemical cycles, green-houses effect, ozone layer and its impact; ecologicalsuccession, biomes and ecotones.

(b) Population, characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

(c) Conservation of natural resources- mineral mining, fisheries, aquaculture; forestry; grassland;wildlife (Project Tiger); sustainable production in agriculture-integrated pest management.

(d) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.

III. Ethology :

(a) Behaviour : Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, instinct, habituation,conditioning, imprinting.

(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection,predator tactics, social behaviour in insects and primates; courtship (Drosophila, 3-spine stickleback andbirds).

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms; biological clock, tidal, seasonal andcircadian rhythms.

(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour.

IV. Economic Zoology :

(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture.

(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (small pox, plague, malaria, tuberculosis, choleraand AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.

(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminths) and vectors (ticks, mites,Tabanus,Stomoxys)

(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).

V. Biostatistics :

Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of centraltendency, chi square, student t-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).

VI. Instrumental methods :

(a) Spectrophotometry, flame photometry, Geiger-Muller counter, scintiliation counting.

(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

Section-B

I. Cell Biology:

(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles(nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria,Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and Iysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitoticspindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement.

30 ACF Syllabus

(b) Watson-Crick model of DNA, replication of DNA, protein synthesis, transcription andtranscription factors.

II. Genetics

a) Gene structure and functions; genetic code.

(b) Sex chromosomes and sex determination in Drosophilla, nematodes and man.

(c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, linkage-maps, multiple alleles, cistronconcept; genetics of blood groups.

(d) Mutations and mutagenesis : radiation and chemical.

(e) Cloning technology, plasmids and cosmids as vectors, transgenics, transposons, DNA sequencecloning and whole animal cloning (Principles and methodology).

(f) Regulation and gene expression in pro-and eu-karyotes.

(g) Signal transduction; pedigree-analysis; congenital diseases in man.

(h) Human genome mapping; DNA finger-printing.

III. Evolution

(a) Origin of life

(b) Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, mimicry, variation, isolation, speciation.

(c) Fossils and fossilization; evolution of horse, elephant and man.

(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law, causes of change in gene frequency.

(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.

IV. Systematics

(a) Zoological nomenclature; international code; cladistics.

V. Biochemistry

(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, lipids, proteins, aminoacids, nucleic acids; saturatedand unsaturated fattyacids, cholesterol.

(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation; energyconservation and release, ATP, cyclic AMP-its structure and role.

(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and function.

(d) Enzymes : types and mechanisms of action; immunoglobulin and immunity; vitamins and co-enzymes.

(e) Bioenergetics.

VI Physiology (with special refernece to mammals)

(a) Composition and constitutents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man; coagulation,factors and mechanism of coagulation; acid-base balance, thermo regulation.

(b) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport; haemoglobin : constitutents and role in regulation.

ACF Syllabus 31

(c) Nutritive requirements; role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands in digestionand absorption.

(d) Excretory products; nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmoregulation.

(e) Types of muscles, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles.

(f) Neuron, nerve impulse-its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters.

(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.

h) Mechanism of hormone action.

(i) Physiology of reproduction, role of hormones and pheromones.

VII. Developmental Biology

(a) Differentiation from gamete to neurula stage; dedifferentiation; metaplasia, induction,morphogenesis and morphogen; fate maps of gastrulae in frog and chick; organogenesis of eye and heart,placenation in mammals.

(b) Role of cytoplasm in and genetic control of development; cell lineage; causation ofmetamorphosis in frog and insects; paedogenesia and neoteny; growth, degrowth and cell death; ageing;blastogenesis; regeneration; teratogenesis; neoplasia.

(c) Invasiveness of placenta; in vitro fertilization; embryo transfer, cloning.

(d) Baer’s law; evo-devo concept.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING -100 MARKS

Section - A

1. EM Theory

Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss’s Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors andmagnetic materials. Maxwell’s equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave propagating in dielectric andconducting media. Transmission lines.

2. Electrical Materials

Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators. Super-conductivity. Insulators forelectrical and electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism. Ceramics, Propertiesand applications. Hall effect and its applications. Special semi conductors.

32 ACF Syllabus

3. Electrical Circuits

Circuits elements. Kirchoff’s Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and applications.Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady state response for arbitrary inputs.Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer function. Resonant circuits. Threephasecircuits. Two-port networks. Elements of two-element network synthesis.

4. Measurements and Instrumentation

Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-factor andenergy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance, Capacitance and frequency. Bridgemeasurements. Electronic measuring instruments. Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducersand their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-ratedisplacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.

5. Control Systems.

Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs and theirreduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical system. Errors for differenttype of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems. Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array,Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus and Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin.Basic concepts of compensator design. State variable matrix and its use in system modelling and design.Sampled data system and performance of such a system with the samples in the error channel. Stability ofsampled data system. Elements of non-linear control analysis. Control system components,electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic components.

Section -B

1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers

Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and testing. Equivalentcircuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-phase transformer. Parallel operation.Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and operation,leakage losses and efficiency.

B.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction andcommutation. Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and speed control.

Testing, Losses and efficiency:

Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and performanceanalysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-pole machine, Parallel operation.

Hunting. Short circuit transients.

Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields. Characteristics andperformance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle diagram. Starting and speed control.Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and induction motors.

ACF Syllabus 33

2. Power systems

Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants. Economicsand operating factors.

Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control. Load flowstudies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis.ZBus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state stability of power systems. Equal area criterion.

Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC transmission.

3. Analog and Digital Electronics and Circuits

Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters, FET,Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators andmultipliers, switching behavior of diodes and transistors.

Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage amplifiersand feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pullamplifiers, operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flip-flops and their applications.Digital logic gate families, universal gates-combination circuits for arithmetic and logic operational, sequentiallogic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM and ROMs.

4. Microprocessors

Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language programming. Interfacingfor memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in power system.

5. Communication Systems

Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations. Digitalcommunication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound and visionbroadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division multiplexing, Telemetry systemin power engineering.

6. Power Electronics

Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and MOSFETS. Characteristicsand operation. AC to DC Converters; 1-phase and 3-phase DC to DC Converters; AC regulators.Thyristor controlled reactors; switched capacitor networks.

Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation with uniformsampling. Switched mode power supplies.

34 ACF Syllabus

SILVICULTURE - 100 MARKS

SECTION - A

1. Principles of Silviculture

Definition of silvics and silviculture, role of silviculture. Major forest types, distribution and compositionin India.

Study of site factors like climatic, edaphic, physiographic and biotic in relation to forest.’

Classification of climatic factors, the role played by light, temperature, rainfall, snow, wind, humidityand evaporation in relation to forest vegetation.

Edaphic factors of biological agencies parent rock topography etc. on the soil formation. Soilprofiles-physical and chemical properties, mineral nutrients, nutrient cycling, soil moisture and their influenceson forest production.

Tree growth photosynthesis biotic factor-influence of plants, insects, wild animals, man and domesticanimals on vegetation.

Tree growth photosynthesis, respiration, translocation and transpiration. Cambial development, growthrings, effects on environment on cambial development. Shoot and drown development. Flowering, fruitingand seed production.

Root growth-distribution and biomass. Environmental effects on development silvicultural manipulationof root growth.

Stand dynamics- Plant succession, competition and tolerance stand development- basal area andyield table.

2. Practices of Silviculture

Classification of forests. Forest regeneration, natural, artificial (Plantation forests) and mixedregeneration. Natural forest types and their management. Plantation forests: planting survey, planting plan,plantation records, maps, ecological aspects for the choice of tree species, site preparation, planting toolsand planting, direct seeding, gap filling, afforestation of dryland, wetland and adverse sites and taungya.Enrichment planting; fertilizer, application, nursery crops, cover crops. Tending; control of climbers andundesirable trees. Weed Management. Pruning and lopping. Thinning- thinning of irregular crops, incrementfelling, improvement felling. Fire prescribed burning. Conflicts between afforestation and cattle ranching.

SECTION - B

1. Silviculture of trees and shrubs (Soft wood)

The origin, distribution, general description, economic value, Phenology, siviculture characters,regeneration methods, management of soft woods such as Cedrus deodara, Cupressus torrulosa, Pinuswallichiana; P. roxburghii, P. helpenusis, P. gerardiana, Abies Pindrow, Picea Smithiana and Tropical Pineslike P. oocarpa, P. petula, P. kesiya Rhododendrons, Pyrus passia, and Indigofera species, Juniperus,Aqathis robusta.

ACF Syllabus 35

2. Silvicultural Systems

Silvicultural system:- definition, modern silviculture, classical silviculture, classification and detailedstudy of the following systems.

Clear felling system ( Including clear strip and alternate strip system); shelter wood system; uniformsystem, the group system the Indian shelter wood system; the wedge system; the irregular shelter woodsystem; the coppice of two rotation system; the shelter wood coppice system; coppice selection system;coppice with standard system; coppice with reserve system; pollard system and culm selection system inbamboo

3. Silviculture of Indian trees:

General description, growth and siliviculture characters and regeneration methods of followingspecies:-

Quercus species, Alnus nitida, Acer Spp. Acacia nilotica, A catechu, Dalbergia Sissoo, Juglansregia. Toona Ciliata, Bauhimia Variegata, Fraxinus spp. Celtis australis, Grewia optiva, Morus species,Platinus Orientalis, Eucalyptus spp, populus species. salix species, Robinea pseudoacacia, Ulmus wallichiana,Catalpa bigninoides, Albizzia spp Dondonaea viscoso, parrotia spp. viburnum, olea cuspidate, Aesculusindica, Ailanthus excelsa; Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta, Berberis spp, Prosopis spp, Leucaenaleucocephala, Hippophae rhamanoidls.

CIVIL ENGINEERING -100 MARKS

Section -A

1. Building Materials

Timber : Different types and species of structural timber, density-moisture relationship, strength indifferent directions, defects, influence of defects on permissible stress, preservation, dry and wet rots,codal provisions for design, Plywood.

Bricks : Types, Indian Standard classification, absorption, saturation factor, strength in masonry,influence of morter strength on masonry strength.

Cement : Compounds of, different types, setting times, strength.

Cement Mortar : Ingredients, proportions, water demand, mortars for plastering and masonry.

Concrete : Importance of W/C Ratio, Strength, ingredients including admixtures, workability, testingfor strength, elasticity, non-destructive testing, mix design methods.

2. Solid Mechanics

Elastic constants, stress, plane stress, Mohr’s circle of stress, strains, plane strain, Mohr’s circle ofstrain, combined stress; Elastic theories of failure; Simple bending, shear; Torsion of circular and rectangularsections and simple members.

36 ACF Syllabus

3. Structural Analysis

Analysis of determinate structures - different methods including graphical methods.

Analysis of indeterminate skeletal frames - moment distribution, slope-deflection, stiffness and forcemethods, energy methods, Muller-Breslau principle and application.

Plastic analysis of indeterminate beams and simple frames - shape factors.

4. Design of Steel Structures

Principles of working stress method. Design of connections, simple members, Built-up sections andframes, Design of Industrial roofs. Principles of ultimate load design. Design of simple members and frames.

5. Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures

Limit state design for bending, shear, axial compression and combined forces. Codal provisions forslabs, beams, walls and footings. Working stress method of design of R.C. members.

Principles of prestressed concrete design, materials, methods of prestressing, losses. Design ofsimple members and determinate structures. Introductions to prestressing of indeterminate structures.

Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes.

6. Construction Practice, Planning and Management

Concreting Equipment: Weight Batcher, Mixer, vibrator, batching plant, concrete pump.Cranes, hoists, lifting equipment.

Earthwork Equipment : Power shovel, hoe, dozer, dumper, trailers and tractor, rollers, sheep footrollers, pumps.

Construction, Planning and Management : Bar chart, linked bar chart, work-break downstructures, Activity - on - arrow diagrams. Critical path, probabilistic activity durations; Event-basednetworks.

PERT network: Time-cost study, crashing; Resource allocation.

Section - B

1. (a) Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow, Pipe Flow: Fluid Properties, Pressure, Thrust,Buoyancy; Flow Kinematics; Integration of flow equations; Flow measurement; Relative motion; Momentof momentum; Viscosity, Boundary layer and Control, Drag, Lift; dimensional Analysis, Modelling;Cavitation; Flow oscillations; Momentum and Energy principles in Open channel flow, Flow controls,Hydraulic jump, Flow sections and properties; Normal flow, Gradually varied flow; Surges; Flowdevelopment and losses in pipe flows, Measurements; Siphons; Surges and Water hammer; Delivery ofPower Pipe networks.

(b) Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower: Centrifugal pumps, types, performance parameters,scaling, pumps in parallel; Reciprocating pumps, air vessels, performance parameters; Hydraulic ram;Hydraulic turbines, types, performance parameters, controls, choice; Power house, classification and layout,storage, pondage, control of supply.

ACF Syllabus 37

2. (a) Hydrology: Hydrological cycle, precipitation and related data analyses, PMP, unit andsynthetic hydrographs; Evaporation and transpiration; Floods and their management, PMF; Streams andtheir gauging; River morphology; Routing of floods; Capacity of Reservoirs.

(b) Water Resources Engineering: Water resources of the globe: Multipurpose uses of Water:Soil-Plant-Water relationships, irrigation systems, water demand assessment; Storages and their yields,ground water yield and well hydraulics; Waterlogging, drainage design; Irrigation revenue; Design of rigidboundary canals, Lacey’s and Tractive force concepts in canal design, lining of canals; Sediment transportin canals; Non-Overflow and overflow sections of gravity dams and their design, Energy dissipators andtailwater rating; Design of headworks, distribution works, falls, cross-drainage works, outlets; River training.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

3. (a) Water Supply Engineering: Sources of supply, yields, design of intakes and conductors;Estimation of demand; Water quality standards; Control of Water-borne diseases; Primary and secondarytreatment, detailing and maintenance of treatment units; Conveyance and distribution systems of treatedwater, leakages and control; Rural water supply; Institutional and industrial water supply.

(b) Waste Water Engineering: Urban rain water disposal; Systems of sewage collection anddisposal; Design of sewers and sewerage systems; pumping; Characteristics of sewage and its treatment,Disposal of products of sewage treatment, streamflow rejuvenation Institutional and industrial sewagemanagement; Plumbing Systems; Rural and semi-urban sanitation.

(c) Solid Waste Management: Sources, classification, collection and disposal; Design andManagement of landfills.

(d) Air and Noise Pollution and Ecology: Sources and effects of air pollution, monitoring of airpollution; Noise pollution and standards; Ecological chain and balance, Environmental assessment.

4 (a) Soil Mechanics: Properties of soils, classification and interrelationship; Compaction behaviour,methods of compaction and their choice; Permeability and seepage, flow nets, Inverted filters;Compressibility and consolidation; Shearing resistance, stresses and failure; soil testing in laboratory andin-situ; Stress path and applications; Earth pressure theories, stress distribution in soil; soil exploration,samplers, load tests, penetration tests.

(b) Foundation Engineering: Types of foundations, Selection criteria, bearing capacity, settlement,laboratory and field tests; Types of piles and their design and layout, Foundations on expansive soils,swelling and its prevention, foundation on swelling soils.

5. (a) Surveying: Classification of surveys, scales, accuracy; Measurement of distances - directand indirect methods; optical and electronic devices; Measurement of directions, prismatic compass, localattraction; Theodolites - types; Measurement of elevations - Spirit and trigonometric levelling; Reliefrepresentation; Contours; Digital elevation modelling concept; Establishment of control by triangulationsand traversing - measurements and adjustment of observations, computation of coordinates; Field astronomy,Concept of global positioning system; Map preparation by plane tabling and by photogrammetry; Remotesensing concepts, map substitutes.

(b) Transportation Engineering: Planning of highway systems, alignment and geometric design,horizontal and vertical curves, grade separation; Materials and construction methods for different surfacesand maintenance: Principles of pavement design; Drainage.

38 ACF Syllabus

Traffic surveys, Intersections, signalling: Mass transit systems, accessibility, networking.Tunnelling, alignment, methods of construction, disposal of muck, drainage, lighting and ventilation, trafficcontrol, emergency management.

Planning of railway systems, terminology and designs, relating to gauge, track, controls, transits,rolling stock, tractive power and track modernisation; Maintenance; Appurtenant works; Containerisation.Harbours - layouts, shipping lanes, anchoring, location identification; Littoral transport with erosion anddeposition; sounding methods; Dry and Wet docks, components and operational Tidal data and analyses.Airports - layout and orientation; Runway and taxiway design and drainage management; Zoning laws;Visual aids and air traffic control; Helipads, hangers, service equipment.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING - 100 MARKS

Section - A

1. Materials and Components:

Structure and properties of Electrical Engineering materials; Conductors, Semiconductors andInsulators, magnetic, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Ceramic, Optical and Super-conducting materials. Passivecomponents and characteristics Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors; Ferrites, Quartz crystal Ceramicresonators, Electromagnetic and Electromechanical components.

2. Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs:

Electrons and holes in semiconductors, Carrier Statistics, Mechanism of current flow in asemiconductor, Hall effect; Junction theory; Different types of diodes and their characteristics; BipolarJunction transistor; Field effect transistors; Power switching devices like SCRs, GTOs, power MOSFETS;Basics of ICs - bipolar, MOS and CMOS types; basic of Opto Electronics.

3. Signals and Systems

Classification of signals and systems: System modelling in terms of differential and difference equations;State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis;Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals andtheir applications; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and characterisation of discrete timesystems; Random signals and probability, Correlation functions; Spectral density; Response of linear systemto random inputs.

4. Network theory

Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal response;Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen’s theorem. Two port networks; Z, Y,h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports, analysis of common two ports. Network functions: parts of network functions, obtaining a network function from a given part. Transmission criteria : delayand rise time, Elmore’s and other definitions effect of cascading. Elements of network synthesis.

ACF Syllabus 39

5. Electromagnetic Theory

Analysis of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields; Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations; Boundaryvalue problems and their solutions; Maxwell’s equations; application to wave propagation in bounded andunbounded media; Transmission lines : basic theory, standing waves, matching applications, microstriplines; Basics of wave guides and resonators; Elements of antenna theory.

6. Electronic Measurements and instrumentation

Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Measurements of basic electrical quantities andparameters; Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working : analog and digital, comparison,characteristics, application. Transducers; Electronic measurements of non electrical quantities liketemperature, pressure, humidity etc; basics of telemetry for industrial use.

Section - B

1. Analog Electronic Circuits :

Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency response.Wide banding techniques. Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators. Rectifiers and power supplies.Op Amp, PLL, other linear integrated circuits and applications. Pulse shaping circuits and waveformgenerators.

2. Digital Electronic Circuits :

Transistor as a switching element; Boolean algebra, simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaguhmap and applications; IC Logic gates and their characteristics; IC logic families : DTL, TTL, ECL, NMOS,PMOS and CMOS gates and their comparison; Combinational logic Circuits; Half adder, Full adder;Digital comparator; Multiplexer Demulti-plexer; ROM an their applications. Flip flops. R-S, J-K, D and Tflip-flops; Different types of counters and registers Waveform generators. A/D and D/A converters.Semiconductor memories.

3. Control Systems :

Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity;Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase margins: Constant-Mand Constant-N Nichol’s Chart; Approximation of transient response from Constant-N Nichol’s Chart;Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response; Design of Control Systems,Compensators; Industrial controllers.

4. Communication Systems :

Basic information theory; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Sampling anddata reconstructions; Quantization & coding; Time division and frequency division multiplexing; Equalization;Optical Communication : in free space & fiber optic; Propagation of signals at HF, VHF, UHF andmicrowave frequency; Satellite Communication.

40 ACF Syllabus

5. Microwave Engineering :

Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides andother Microwave Components and Circuits, Microstrip circuits, Microwave Antennas, MicrowaveMeasurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation. Microwave Communication Systems terrestrialand Satellite based.

6. Computer Engineering :

Number Systems. Data representation; Programming; Elements of a high level programming languagePASCAL/C; Use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design;Control unit design; Memory organisation, I/o System Organisation. Microprocessors : Architecture andinstruction set of Microprocessors 8085 and 8086, Assembly language Programming. MicroprocessorBased system design : typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses.

HORTICULTURE - 100 MARKS

Section - A

Basic Horticulture:

Scope and importance of Horticulture and horticultural crops - Area and Production - Imports andExports - Nutritive value of Horticultural crops - climatic zones of India and Tamil Nadu in relation toHorticultural crops - scope for horticultural development in Tamil Nadu - Factors limiting horticultural cropproduction - climate (Rainfall, temperature, Light, humidity, sunshine) - Soil(PH, EC, Soil depth) - Cropssuitable for different soils - water (Quality and quantity) - Drainage.

Planning, Layout and Planting of orchards - fencing - wind breaks - spacing - systems of planting -cropping systems - Multitier cropping - cover crops - Intercrops - Mulching - weed control.

Manures and manuring - organic and inorganic manures - Bio fertilizers - Essential elements - functions- deficiency symptoms - fertilizer schedule - Time and method of application Irrigation - water requirementof different horticultural crops - various irrigation methods including drip, sprinkler, fog, mist, water stresson horticultural crops.

Training and pruning - principles and methods

Flowering - Pollination - fruit set - fruit drop - causes and prevention - unfruitfulness associated withexternal and internal factors. Maturity - harvesting - Post harvest handling - Processing and preservation.

Role of plant growth regulators in Horticulture

Seed and vegetative propagation - advantages and disadvantages - seed treatment - Importantmethods of vegetative propagation - cutting - layering - rootstock - scion - (stock - scion relationship) -Incompatibility - grafting - budding - specialized parts of propagation (bulbs, tubers, offsets, runners etc.)- Mist propagation - Micropropagation

ACF Syllabus 41

Section - B

Tropical, subtropical, temperate and arid zone horticultural crops - climate and soil - propagationpractices spacing and planting - varieties - nutrient, water and weed management - mulching - intercropping- use of growth regulators - yield - Economics - Integrated pest and disease management - pre and post- harvest practices - processing and preservation - Marketing.

Fruit Crops: Mango, banana, grapes, citrus, papaya, Sapota, guava, ber, Pomegranate, annonas,amla, tamarind, jack, pineapple, apple, plum, pear, peach.

Spice Crops: Pepper, Cardamom, nutmeg, cinnamon, clove, allspice, ginger, turmeric, coriander,cumin, fenugreek, fennel.

Plantation Crops: Coffee, Tea, Coconut, Cocoa, Arecanut, Oilpalm, Cashew, Palmyrah, rubber.

Vegetable Crops: Tomato, brinjal, bhendi, chilli, cucumber, melons, gourds, pumpkin, peas, beans,potato, cassava, sweet potato, minor tubers, carrot, radish, Beetroot, Turnip, cabbage, cauliflower, onion,garlic, Amaranthus, other greens, Moringa, chow chow, curry leaf.

Flower Crops: Jasmine, rose, chrysanthemum, Tube rose, crossandra - marigold, Gerbera, orchid,gladiolus, anthurium.

Medicinal plants: Catharanthus - Gloriosa, Senna, Pyrethrum - Digitalis.

Aromatic plants: Geranium - oil yielding grasses, patchouli, Mentha.

Ornamental gardening: Landscaping - design and principles - Types of gardens - Layout - gardencomponents - flowering, foliage and Avenue trees - Arboretum - shrubs - creepers and climbers, cacti andsucculents, hedge and edge plants, plants for rockery and water garden - Flowring annuals Indoor plants

AGRONOMY

Section - A

I. Introduction

Agriculture and Agronomy; History of Agriculture; Agricultural Science; Relation of Agronomy toOther Sciences; Scope of Agronomy; Role of Agronomist; References.

II. Climate

Atmosphere - Structure of Atmosphere; Weather Elements - Solar Radiation, Temperature,Atmospheric Pressure, Wind, Humidity, Evaporation, Rainfall, Clouds; Hydrologic Cycle; Monsoon;Seasons; Abnormalities in Weather - Floods, Droughts, Other Abnormalities, Cyclones; Weather Forecasting- Weather Forecasting Organisations, Essentials of Weather Forecasting, Forecasting Information, Typesof Weather Forecasting, Method of Forecasting; Weather Modifications - Artificial Rain Making, Reductionin Wind Velocity and its Losses, Protection Against Frost Damage, Heat Trapping; Agroclimatic Zones ofIndia;

42 ACF Syllabus

III. Influence of Climate on Crops

Solar Radiation - Photosynthetic Effect, Photoperiodic Effect, Other Effects, Utilization of SolarEnergy; Temperature - Cardinal Temperatures, Cool Season Crops, Warm Season Crops, Influence ofTemperature on Growth, Growing Degree-Days, Photothermal Units, Extreme Temperature; Rainfall -Rainfall Climatology; Relative humidity - Water Relations, Leaf Growth, Photosynthesis, Pollination, Pests,Grain Yield; Wind; References.

IV. Growth and Development of Crops.

Growth - Photosynthesis, Respiration, Net Photosynthesis, Translocation of Assimilates, Growth ofPlant; Development - Developmental Stages; Physiological Growth Components; Factors Influencing Growthand Development; Plant Growth Substances; Growth Expressions; Analysis of Growth, Development andYield - Growth Analysis, Developmental Analysis, Yield Analysis;

V. Soil Environment and its Modification

Soil Fertility and Productivity; Fertlility Losses and Maintenance; Physical Environment - Soil Texture,Soil Structure, Soil Water, Soil Temperature, Soil Air, Pore Space, Other Properties; Chemical Environment- Soil pH, Clay Minerals, Cation Exchange Capacity, Anion Exchange Capacity, Soil Solution, Nutrients;Soil Biological Environment - Classification of Soil Organisms, Influence of Soil Environment, Transformationof Nutrients, Degradation of Toxic Chemicals, Modification of Biological Environment; Environment ofSubmerged Soils - Physical Environment, Chemical Environment, Biological Environment; References.

VI. Tillage

Characteristics of Good Tilth; Objectives of Tillage; Influence of Tillage on Soil Physical Properties;Types of Tillage - Preparatory Cultivation, After Cultivation; Tillage Implements - Primary Tillage Implements,Secondary Tillage Implements, Implements for Layout of Seedbed, Implements for Sowing, Implementsfor Intercultivation; Modern Concepts of Tillage - Minimum Tillage, Zero Tillage, Stubble Mulch Tillage;Puddling;

VII. Seeds and Sowing

Methods of Propagation; Seeds - Selection of Seed, Cultivar, Categories of Cultivars, SeedProduction, Quality of Seed; Vegetative Propagation; Micropropagation - Types of Regeneration,Techniques of Micropropagation; Sowing - Time of Sowing, Depth of Sowing, Method of EstablishingCrops, Types of Sowing Seed Treatment;

VIII. Plant Population

Yield of Individual Plants and Community; Plant Population and Growth; Plant Population andYield; Biological and Economic Yield, Optimum Plant Population; Optimum Plant Population andEnvironment; Planting Pattern; Gap Filling and Resowing; Seed Rate;

ACF Syllabus 43

Section - B

I. Mineral Nutrition, Manures and Fertilisers

Mineral Nutrition - Essential Elements, Criteria of Essentiality, Classification of Essential Elements,Nutrient Availability, Absorption of Nutrients, Translocation, Assimilation, Functions of Nutrients in thePlant, Deficiency Symptoms, toxicity Symptoms; Manures - Bulky Organic Manures, Concentrated OrganicManures, Amendments; Fertilisers - Classification of Fertilisers, Nitrogenous Fertilisers, PhosphaticFertilisers, Potassic Fertilisers, Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur Fertilisers, Micronutrients; Fertiliser Dose- Calculation of Fertiliser Dose; Method of Fertiliser Application - Factors Influencing Method of FertiliserApplication, Different Methods; Time of Application - Crop Uptake, Soil Properties and Nature of Fertilisers,Utilization of Carbohydrates, Basal Application, Split Application; Biofertilisers - Saprophytes, SymbioticBacteria, Free Living Organisms; Integrated Nutrient Management;

II. Irrigation

Water Resources of the world - Water Resources of India; Water in the Soil-Plant-AtmosphereSystem - Water Movement in the Soil, Water Uptake, Translocation, Evapotranspiration, Soil Water,Water Requirement of Crops - Factors Influencing ET, ET and Crop Yield, Estimation of ET, IrrigationRequirement; Scheduling Irrigation - Soil Moisture Depletion Approach, Climatolocial Approach,Combination Approach, Critical State Approach, Simple Techniques for Irrigation Scheduling; Measurementof Irrigation Water; Methods of Irrigation, Sub-surface Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation, Microirrigation;Irrigation Water Control Devices; Irrigation Efficiency; Water-use Efficiency - Factors affecting WUE;Suitability of Water for Irrigation - Quality of Irrigation Water, Quality of Water of Different Sources,Irrigation with Poor Quality Water; Drainage - Excess Moisture, Agricultureal Drainage;

III. Soil Conservation

Soil Erosion - Water Erosion, Factors influencing Water Erosion, Soil Loss Equation, Losses due toErosion, Extent of Erosion; Soil Conservation - Erosion Preventing Measures; Wind Erosion - Mechanismsof Wind Erosion, Factors Influencing Wind Erosion, Losses due to Wind Erosion, Estimating Soil Lossdue to Wind Erosion, Wind Erosion Control; Wave Erosion - Watershed Management, WastelandManagement;

IV. Dryland Agriculture

Classification of Climate; Problems of Crops Production in Dry Farming; Moisture Stress -Development of Moisture Stress, Effects of Moisture Stress, Crop Adaptations, Drought Evaluation;Resources Development and Utilisation - Water Harvesting, Methods of Water Harvesting, SupplementalIrrigation, Soil Resources and their Utilization; Reducing ET Losses - Mulches, Antiranspirants; Wind-brakes and Shelter belts; Weed Control; Soil and Moisture Conservation Measures; Integrated WatershedManagement, Fifty Years of Dryland Agricultural Research in India - Future Research Priorities;

V. Weed Management

Concept of Weed; Weed Problems; Classification of Weeds; Weed Growth Stages; Crop-WeedCompetition; Critical Period of Weed Competition; Establishment of Weeds; Weed Control Methods -Cultural Methods of Weed Control, Physical Methods of Weed Control, Biological Weed Control; ChemicalWeed Control - Classification of Herbicides, Herbicides Formulations, Mode of Action of Herbicides,Selectivity of Herbicides, Methods of Application, Dosage of Herbicides, Time of Application of Herbicides,

44 ACF Syllabus

Effect of Herbicides on Crops, Fate of Herbicides in Soil, Herbicide Combinations, Interaction with otherAgro-Chemicals; Integrated Weed Management;

VI. Cropping Systems

Systems Approach; Cropping System; Efficient Cropping Systems; Interactions between differentComponent Crops; Assessment of Yield Advantage; Assessment of Land-use; Economic Evaluation;Management of Cropping Systems;

VII. Harvesting and Storage

Harvesting; Threshing and Winnowing; Drying; Storage;

VIII. Sustainable Agriculture

Definitions; Differences between Modern and Sustainable Agriculture; Problems of ModernAgriculture; Management Practices; Advantages and Disadvantages; Integrated Intensive Farming Systems(IIFS) - Components of IIFS.