compression limiters design guide
DESCRIPTION
Compression Limiters are designed to protect the plastic components of an assembly from the compressive loads generated by tightening bolts.TRANSCRIPT
1
COMPRESSION LIMITERS
π x ( Ø22 - Ø1
2 )
ØAØC
ØB
L
2
SPIROL’s 5 Step Process for Success
When you engage SPIROL as part of your team, we will utilize our 5 Step Process for Success to ensure that you receive an accurate solution in a timely manner:
1. Weworkwith you to define your product performanceandassemblyobjectives.This includesgathering sample components and the drawings of the individual components as well as the assembly.Thisstageiscrucialtoensuringthatweareallonthesamepageandwillultimatelyresultinanaccuratesolutionthefirsttime!
2. Afterwe gather your performance and assembly objectives,wewill conduct a comprehensiveengineering evaluation. We have a group of Applications Engineers who are dedicated to assisting youindeterminingthebestsolutionforyourparticularapplication.
3. Weprovideyouwithaformaltechnicalproposalandprototypesforevaluationinyourassembly.Theproposalwilldetailotherproductsthatweconsideredforyourapplication,andwhyultimatelythe part that we ended up recommending is the optimum solution.
4. Ifinstallationequipmentisinvolved,wecanalsodesignafixturetoholdandalignthecomponentsduringinstallation.Thisisacriticalelementtotheoverallsuccessoftheinstallationasyouhavetoensurethatallofthecomponentsarealigned.Webuild,test,installandcertifythemachine–including educating the operators and maintenance personnel.
5. Weareanactiveparticipantofyourteamstartinginthedesignstage–throughthequalificationstage–until theproduct is launchedsuccessfully toensure thatyourquality,performanceandassemblyobjectivesarecompletelysatisfied.
SPIROL’sApplicationEngineers have vast experience inCompressionLimiter design, productiontechniques,andinstallationmethodstomaximizethebenefitswithintheassembly.Thisknowledge,obtainedbothfromtheoryandpracticalexperience,istestedandexpandeduponcontinuouslythroughactualapplications.Thebreadthofourproductofferingcombinedwiththisengineeringexpertiseisour strength.
Each application has unique considerations such as:• ThespecificplastictypeinwhichtheCompressionLimiterwillbeused• Columnarstrengthrequirements• Corrosionresistancerequirements• Temperaturerequirements• Installationmethod
EventhoughthiscatalogoffersusefulinformationregardingdesignguidelinesandspecificationsforCompressionLimiters, it is imperativethattheproperCompressionLimiterbeimplementedandtheplastichostbedesignedappropriatelyforeachparticularapplicationtoensurethatboltedjointintegrityis maintained throughout the life of the product.
Startingwithyourdesignandprojectobjectives,ourApplicationEngineerswilldeterminetheoptimumCompressionLimiterfortheapplication.Considerationisgiventocomponentdesign,assemblycosts,andmanufacturingobjectives.
WhileSPIROLoffersthebroadeststandardrangeofCompressionLimitersinourindustry,thereareuniquesituationswhichmightrequireacustomizedspecialparttomeettheexactrequirementsoftheapplication. In these cases, SPIROL leverages our standard product offering including raw material, productiontechniquesandtoolingtoofferyouthemostcompetitivesolutionpossible.
OPTIMAL APPLICATION ENGINEERING
Contact SPIROL for design assistance:www.spirol.com/s/cmpldesign/
1
THE FUNCTION OF A COMPRESSION LIMITER
Compression Limiters are designed to protect the plastic components of an assembly from the compressive loads generated by the tightening of bolts, thereby assuring continued integrity of the bolted connection.
Inpractice,astheboltistightenedtheplasticcompressesandthestressin the plastic increases until the headof the bolt, orwasher if one isused,comesintocontactwiththeCompressionLimiter.Thereafter,theCompressionLimiterandplasticwill compressat thesame rate. TheCompressionLimiterwillabsorbadditionalclampingloadswithoutfurthersignificantcompressionandincreasedstressintheplasticmaterial.
Aproperlydesignedboltedjointmustmeetthefollowingcriteria:•Theheadofthebolt,orwasherifoneisused,shouldalwaysseatagainst theCompressionLimiterunder load. Thiswillpreventdeteriorationoftheboltedjointresultingfromdiminishedclampingload due to plastic creep.
•The proof load of theCompression Limiter should be equaltoorgreater than theproof loadof thebolt toassure that theCompressionLimiterwillnotyieldpriortotheboltunderexcessiveclamping loads.
• ThematingcomponentthattheCompressionLimiterseatsagainstshouldbestrongenoughtowithstandthelocalizedcompressivestressesgeneratedbytheclampingforce.
•The clearance between themaximumbolt diameter and theminimum installed inside diameter of the Compression Limiter shouldbesufficienttocompensatefornormalmisalignment.
Standard SPIROL® COMPRESSION LIMITERS meet these criteria.
TheclearancebetweentheboltandtheinsidediameteroftheinstalledCompressionLimitersisadequatetomeetnormalmisalignment.Thelengthandlengthtoleranceisapplicationdependent.Thestandardtoleranceissufficienttomeetmostneeds,butverificationisrecommended.SPIROLEngineeringisavailabletoassistinthisprocess.Ifitisdeterminedthataspecial Compression Limiter is required, a documented recommendation willbeprovided.
The range of SPIROL’s Compression Limiters includes the split seam, molded-in and solid knurled & grooved designs. Since each series of Compression Limiter is designed to meet specified proof loads and installation methods, the dimensional specifications are different:
• Split Seam: Produced from high carbon steel for maximumcompression strength, these roll-formed Compression Limiters are intendedforpost-moldinstallation.Thespringforcegeneratedduringinstallationprovidesself-retentionintheassembly.
•Molded-in:Produced from lowcarbonsteeland includesanaxialseamtopreventrotationaswellasradialgroovestoprovideaxialretention in the molded part.
• Solid Knurled:Theselimitersareproducedstandardfromaluminumand utilize knurls for retention. Alternatively, a grooved variation is available for improvedretention inmold inapplications.Theseareideal for thin parts requiring the use of Compression Limiters.
2
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Recommended LoadingTheintegrityofaboltedjointrequiresthatallofthecomponentsintheloadpathbecapableofsustainingforindefiniteperiods,underallenvironmentalconditions,thefasteningloadinitiallyapplied.Todothis,allcomponentsmustbedesignedforaspecificstress,andthefastenerbeingusedmustbetightenedtoanappropriatelevelsoasnottoexceedtheyieldpoint(elasticlimit)ofanyofthecomponents.ThereasonthatmetalCompressionLimitersarerequiredisbecauseplastic always exhibits stress and strain relaxation under evenmodest loads.Whendeterminingbolted joint characteristics, thefollowingconsiderationsshouldbeevaluated:
• Whattypeofloadisreallyrequired?Forexample,doesagivenplasticflangereallyneedaClass12.9capscrewtoholditinplace?
• Whatarethestrengthsofthecomponentsinthejoint?
• WhatwilltheCompressionLimiterbeseatedagainst?Ifitisaluminumorplastic,thenthatmaybethelimitingfeature.
• IstheboltbeingthreadedintoanInsert?Ifso,isthereadequatethread strength and contact area on the Insert to fully support theCompressionLimiter?
• What torque should the bolt be tightened to? SPIROLrecommendsthattheboltloadbe25%to75%ofproofload.Lessthan25%andyourisknotgeneratingenoughfrictionalretentionwithin the threads. More than75%and there isachanceduetoassemblyvariationsthatproofloadoftheboltmaybeexceeded.
• Howdoestorquerelatetoboltload?Torqueandactualclampingload are very dependant onmaterials and conditions. Thetheoretical formulaprovidedonpage9 isonly forreference.Actual torqueappliedmust be determined by the end userand is dependant on a variety of factors such as materials and coatingsofallthecomponentsinthejointaswellasthemethodof applying the torque.
Recommended Tightening TorqueTheintegrityoftheboltedjointrequiresthatnoneofthecomponents,including the bolt, be stressed beyond the elastic limit. Werecommendaclampingloadequalto75%oftheproofloadofthebolt.Therecommendedtorquevaluestoproducethisclampingloadareprovidedonpages8and9.
Determination of Compression Limiter LengthProperlengthspecificationsofboththeCompressionLimiterandthe plastic component are crucial to the proper performance of the boltedjoint.TherecommendedmaximumlengthoftheCompressionLimiter is theminimum thicknessof theplastic component.Thisassuresthatwhentheproperloadisappliedtothebolttwocriticalconditionswillbemet:
• The bolt will be in contact with theCompression Limiter,eliminatingthepossibilityofcreep.
• Theplastichostwillalwayshaveasmallamountofcompressionapplied.
Theamountofcompressionontheplastichostwillbeatmostthecombinedthicknessandlengthtolerancesofthetwocomponentsand the amount of compressive deflection on theCompressionLimiter. In reality, with good SPC and production controls, the actual compressionwillbemuchless.
Allowable Compression of the Plastic ComponentFormostcommonlyusedmoldedplastics,itisdifficulttodetermineaspecificmaximumamountthattheycanbecompressedinashortperiodof time.Thereare toomanyvariables involvedtomakeaspecificcalculation.Suchfeaturesasthespecificplastic,filler,molddesign, wall thickness, and stress concentrations all impact the durabilityoftheplastic.Asageneralguideline,2%-3%compressionofthermoplasticmaterialsisreasonable.Overashortperiodoftimetheplasticwillusuallyexhibitstressrelaxation,therebyalleviatingthe compressive load on the plastic and allowing the Compression Limitertomaintainjointintegrity.Statedinformula (1)below:
(1) dP = Tmax - Lmin + dC
Where dPshouldtypicallybelessthan3%ofTmax Where: dP = Requireddeflectionoftheplasticcomponent,in units of length.Tmax= Maximumthicknessoftheplasticcomponent,in units of length.Lmin = Minimum length of the Compression Limiter, in units of length.dC = DeflectionoftheCompressionLimiterunderload, in units of length.
Deflection of theCompression Limiter under bolt load can becalculated using formula (2)below:
(2) dC =
Where: dC = DeflectionoftheCompressionLimiterunderload, in units of length.FB = Compressiveforcegeneratedbytheboltor fastener, in units of force.LC = Nominal length of the Compression Limiter, in units of length.AC = Cross sectional area of the Compression Limiter, in units of area.EC = ModulusofElasticity(Young’sModulus)ofthe material of the Compression Limiter, in units of force per area. See Table 1.
FB x LC
AC x EC
psi30,000,00010,000,000
MaterialCarbonSteelAluminum
MPa 206,000 69,000
Table 1 - Modulus of Elasticity for Common Materials
3
Table 2 - Deflection Factor C at Proof Load
ThevaluesfortheDeflectionFactorClistedinTable 2 are used tosimplyestimatetheactualmaximumdeflectionaCompressionLimiterwillexhibitwhenfullyloadedtothespecifiedfastener’sproofload. Formula (3) uses C and the nominal length of the Compression Limitertocalculatedeflection.
(3) dC = C x LC
For deflections at loads other than proof, the results areproportional to the loading.
Force to Seat the Bolt on the Compression LimiterItisimportanttoalwaysassurethattheboltisseatedhardagainstthe Compression Limiter. While proportionally plastic is much more compressiblethantheCompressionLimiter,intheinitialassembledstate the plasticwill be nominally thicker than the length of theCompressionLimiter.Withtheuseofflangedboltsorlargewashers,significantsurfaceareaoftheplasticcanbeputundercompression,generatinghighloads.Therefore, it isnecessarytocalculatethecapabilityofthebolttocompresstheplasticandseatagainsttheCompression Limiter in the worst case scenario. Formula (4) shows howtocalculatetheforcerequiredtoseatthebolt.
(4) FB =
Where AP =
Where: FB = Compressiveforcegeneratedbytheboltor fastener, in units of force.Tmax= Maximumthicknessoftheplasticcomponent,in units of length.Lmin = Minimum length of the Compression Limiter, in units of length.EP = ModulusofElasticity(Young’sModulus)ofthe plastic component, in units of force per area.AP = Areaoftheplasticcomponentbeingplacedin compressionbythebolt,inunitsofarea.Ø1 = Minimum hole diameter of the plastic component, in units of length.Ø2 = Maximumdiameteroftheportionoftheboltor washerthatwillbeincontactwiththeplastic, in units of length.
TheresultantFBshouldbeintherangeof50%orlessoftheproofloadoftheselectedbolt,therebyassuringthatsufficientcompressionis applied to the Compression Limiter after the plastic stress has relaxed.
Hole DesignAlthoughthesplitseamCompressionLimitershaveabrokenedge,thisiskepttoaminimuminordertomaintainthemaximumbearingsurface area. Accordingly, it is recommended that a radius bemolded as a lead-in to the hole in the plastic component to facilitate insertion.ThisradiusisnotnecessaryforsolidCompressionLimitersas the pilot is smaller than the hole. When a draft angle is required, the hole should taper within the recommended hole size for the length of the Compression Limiter.
π x ( Ø22 - Ø1
2 )4
( Tmax - Lmin ) x EP x AP
Tmax
Mating Component MaterialTheclampingloadoftheboltistransferredtothematingcomponentthroughtheCompressionLimiter.Itmustbeevaluatedwhetherthematerial of the mating component is strong enough to withstand the clamping forceof thebolt. Thestress impartedonto thematingcomponentcanbecalculatedbydividingtheclampingloadappliedto theCompression Limiter by the cross sectional area of theCompressionLimiter.If thisstressexceedstheyieldstrengthofthe mating component material, localized permanent deformation may occur, resulting in a loss in clamping load.
Deflection Factor CBolt ClassCompression Limiter Series0.00200.00330.00220.00100.0051
Class 5.8Class12.9Class10.9Class 5.8Class 8.8
CL200CL250CL350CL500
CL600 / CL610
Selecting the Most Cost-Effective Compression LimiterEach standard series of Compression Limiters will affect the overall costoftheassemblyindifferentways.SPIROLEngineeringwillassist in the determination of which type of Compression Limiter is bestsuitedtomeettheperformanceandinstallationrequirementsthatresultsinthelowesttotalcostoftheassembly.
Cost-Effective Fastener SelectionDesignersshouldbeprudentaboutnotchoosingaboltclassthatistoo strong for the application and ensuring that the proper tightening torqueisappliedduringtheassemblyprocess.Ahigherboltclassrequires a stronger Compression Limiter and potentially stronger matingmaterial. Each adds to the total cost of the assembly.Whenincreasedbearingsurfaceatthematingjunctionisrequired,Designersshouldconsiderselectingeitheraflangeheadboltorincluding a washer rather than investing in a headed Compression Limiter.Inthissituation,thereisatrade-offbetweencostandeaseofassembly.Washerscostmuchlessthantheaddedexpenseofaheaded Compression Limiter. In addition, non-headed Compression Limiters are easier to feed.
4
COMPRESSION LIMITERS SPECIFICATIONS
MATERIAL FINISHB HighCarbonSteel K Plain, Oiled T-T TrivalentZincPlated
SERIES CL250Heattreated(HV420to545)
SERIES CL200Not heat treated
To Order: CMPL,NominalBoltDiameter,Length,Material,Finish,SeriesExample: CMPL 10 X 8 BK CL250
SPLIT SEAM COMPRESSION LIMITERS
SPIROL® Split Seam Compression Limiters canbeinstalledwithSPIROL pin inserters, pin driving chucks, or simply pressed in.
Features and Benefits:
• Flexiblediameteraccommodates wide
hole tolerances.
• Willnotinterlockinthefree state.
•Availableforshorterlengths of larger diameter fasteners.
•Offered in heat treated and non-heat treated versions to suit various boltgrades.
DIMENSIONAL DATA
MetricMin. Ø IDInstalled Ø ODNominal
Bolt SizeRecommended
Ø Hole SizeØ14.65/15.07Ø17.45/18.00
1.852.25
Ø14.50/14.60Ø17.30/17.60
Ø10.55Ø12.55
M10M12
Wall ThicknessT
681012St
anda
rd
Leng
ths
10 12NominalDiameter ➤
• CL200ratedforusewithISOClass5.8bolts.• CL250ratedforusewithISOClass12.9bolts,butmatingsurfacemustbeadequatetowithstandloads.
• Speciallengthsandinchsizesavailableuponrequest.
L+0.00-0.25
TNOM
ØOD
BREAK EDGE
5
SPIROL®
Standard Split Seam Compression Limiters canbeinstalledwithSPIROL pin inserters, pin driving chucks, or simply pressed in.
To Order: CMPL,NominalBoltDiameter,Length,Material,Finish,SeriesExample: CMPL 6 X 50 BK CL350
SERIES CL350 STANDARD SPLIT SEAM
• CL350ratedforusewithISOClass10.9bolts.• Speciallengthsandinchsizesavailableupon
request.
COMPRESSION LIMITERS SPECIFICATIONS
Features and Benefits:
• Flexiblediameteraccommodates wide
hole tolerances.
• Willnotinterlockinthefree state.
• Lead-infacilitatesinsertion.
•Designed to avoid witness marks on soft
mating materials.
• Generousboltclearanceaids in positional alignment when multiple Limiters are used in an assembly.
MATERIAL FINISHB HighCarbonSteel K Plain, Oiled T-T TrivalentZincPlated
DIMENSIONAL DATA
Nominal Bolt Ø Size
Ø7.08/7.22Ø8.28/8.45
Ø10.08/10.28Ø13.25/13.52Ø16.25/16.58Ø19.30/19.69
1.01.11.52.02.53.0
RecommendedØ Hole Size
Ø6.95/7.05Ø8.15/8.25Ø9.95/10.05Ø13.05/13.20Ø16.05/16.20Ø19.10/19.25
Ø4.8Ø5.8Ø6.8Ø8.8Ø10.8Ø12.8
M4M5M6M8M10M12
Ø ODMin. Ø ID Installed
MetricWall Thickness
T
45681012141618202224253035404550
Stan
dard
Len
gths
4 5 6 10 128NominalDiameter ➤
ØOD
TNOM
L+0-LTol
Length ToleranceNominal Diameter
M4 through M8M10 through M12
L0.150.25
Tol
6
COMPRESSION LIMITERS SPECIFICATIONS
SERIES CL500
MATERIAL FINISHF LowCarbonSteel T-T TrivalentZincPlated
• CL500ratedforusewithISOClass5.8bolts.• Speciallengthsandinchsizesavailableuponrequest.
To Order: CMPL,NominalBoltSizexLength,Material,Finish,SeriesExample: CMPL6X20FTCL500
STANDARD MOLDED-IN
Features and Benefits:
• ODverticalgroovesattheseam offer an anti-rotational feature.
• Radialgroovesprovideaxialretention.
• Designedaroundstandard,industry-accepted clearances for M6 and M8 bolts.
• Amagnetcanbeusedtosecure the Limiter onto
non-vertical core pins to avoid mold damage.
SPIROL®
Standard Molded-In Compression Limiters canbemoldedinusingindustrystandard core pins.
Parts less than 20 mm long will have a single groove.
Plastic removed to show Compression
Limiter.
DIMENSIONAL DATA
Ø ID Min.NominalBolt Size
8.19.912.9
5.86.88.8
M5M6M8
T LMetric
Ø OD1.11.52.0
4 6 8 10 12 15 20 30 40 50
TNOM
ØODRef. Only
L+0-0.2
ØID MIN.
7
SPIROL®
Knurled CL600 Compression Limiters canbepressedintoplasticcomponents.
Grooved CL610 Compression Limiterscanbemoldedintoplasticcomponents.
COMPRESSION LIMITERS SPECIFICATIONS
To Order: CMPL,NominalBoltSizexLength,Material,Finish,SeriesExample: CMPL 6 X 8 AK CL600
ØBØAØC
L
ØAØB
L
MATERIAL FINISHA Aluminum K PlainFeatures and Benefits:
• Symmetrical–noorientationrequired for installation.
• Squareends–toensure100%contactwithmatingsurface.
• Knurl/Groove–provideexcellentretention.
• Pilot–standsfreelyinthe hole prior to complete installation.
• Aluminum–strong,lightweight and lead free.
Ø A Min.NominalBolt Size
5.787.328.82
10.3813.72
45679
M3M4M5M6M8
Ø B L Metric
Ø C5.507.038.55
10.0813.44
RecommendedHole±0.05
5.657.188.69
10.2313.58
3 4 5
+0.00-0.15
6 8
DIMENSIONAL DATA
SERIES CL610Grooved
SERIES CL600Knurled
ALUMINUM COMPRESSION LIMITERS
ØBØAØC
L
ØAØB
L
• CL600/CL610ratedforusewithISOClass8.8bolts.• Speciallengthsavailableuponrequest.
Brass and headed versions available upon request.
8
BOLT SPECIFICATIONS
Notes:• ProofloadsareperSAEJ429andISO898respectively.• ShadedinchsizesarenotdirectlycoveredbySAEJ429,butarecalculatedappropriately.• Clamploadisapproximately75%proofload.
Common Inch Bolts per SAE J429
Proof
Threads
510770
1,1901,4802,7004,4506,600
250375575720
1,3102,2003,200
380580895
1,1102,0253,3404,950
540820
1,2601,5752,8504,7257,000
330500770960
1,7502,9004,250
#4-40#6-32#8-32#10-241/4-205/16-183/8-16
Clamp720
1,0901,6802,1003,8006,3009,300
Grade 2 Loads (lbs.) Grade 5 Loads (lbs.) Grade 8 Loads (lbs.)
Coarse Proof Clamp Proof Clamp
Common Inch Bolts per SAE J429
Proof
Threads
560860
1,2501,7003,1004,9007,450
270410600825
1,5002,4003,600
420645940
1,2752,3253,6755,600
600910
1,3201,8003,2605,2107,900
360550800
1,1002,0003,2004,800
#4-48#6-40#8-36#10-321/4-285/16-243/8-24
Clamp790
1,2101,7602,4004,3506,950
10,500
Grade 2 Loads (lbs.) Grade 5 Loads (lbs.) Grade 8 Loads (lbs.)
Fine Proof Clamp Proof Clamp
85,000 psi120,000 psi
380 MPa580 MPa830 MPa970MPa
Standard Fastener RatedYield (Proof) Strengths
SAE Grade 5SAE Grade 8ISO Class 5.8ISO Class 8.8ISOClass10.9ISOClass12.9
Common Metric Bolts per ISO 898
ProofThreads
2,9203,9405,1008,230
11,60022,70021,20037,40035,50033,70053,40051,10048,900
1,4301,9402,5004,0505,750
11,20010,40018,40017,50016,50026,30025,10024,000
2,1902,9603,8506,1508,70017,00015,90028,10026,60025,30040,10038,30036,700
3,1404,2205,4508,850
12,55024,40022,80040,10038,10036,10057,30054,80052,500
1,9102,5803,3405,4007,64014,90013,90024,50023,30022,00035,00033,50032,000
M3M3.5M4M5M6M8 X 1M8 X 1.25M10 X 1M10 X 1.25M10 X 1.5M12 X 1.25M12 X 1.5M12X1.75
Clamp4,1805,6307,290
11,80016,70032,50030,40053,50050,80048,10076,40073,10070,000
Class 5.8 Loads (N) Class 8.8 Loads (N) Class 10.9 Loads (N)
Proof Clamp Proof Clamp Proof Clamp
Class 12.9 Loads (N)
3,6604,9406,400
10,35014,65028,50026,60047,00044,60042,20067,00064,10061,400
4,8806,5808,520
13,80019,50038,00035,50062,70059,40056,30089,30085,50081,800
9
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Notes:• ShadedinchsizesarenotdirectlycoveredbySAEJ429,butarecalculatedappropriately.• Torqueforinchthreadsarein•lbs.• TorqueformetricthreadsareN•m.• Torquevaluesshownareforclampload.• Actualloadsdevelopedbyaspecifiedtorquevaluecanvaryby±25%.
Common Inch Bolts per SAE J429
Dry
Threads
8.516.029.442.2
101.0209.0371.0
4.27.8
14.120.549.0
103.0180.0
6.412.022.031.676.0157.0278.0
9.117.031.045.0107.0221.0394.0
5.610.418.927.465.5
138.0240.0
#4-40#6-32#8-32#10-241/4-205/16-183/8-16
Lube12.122.641.360.0
143.0295.0525.0
Grade 2 Torque Grade 5 Torque Grade 8 Torque
Coarse Dry Lube Dry Lube
Common Inch Bolts per SAE J429
Dry
Threads
9.417.830.848.5
116.0230.0420.0
4.58.5
14.823.556.5
113.0202.0
7.113.423.136.387.0172.0315.0
10.118.832.551.5
122.0244.0444.0
6.011.319.731.475.0
150.0270.0
#4-48#6-40#8-36#10-321/4-285/16-243/8-24
Lube13.425.143.368.5
163.0326.0593.0
Grade 2 Torque Grade 5 Torque Grade 8 Torque
Fine Dry Lube Dry Lube
T = K x D x P
Where:K = torque-frictioncoefficientD = nominalboltdiameterP = boltclampingloadKDry = 0.2KLube = 0.15
Typicaltighteningtorquevaluesto achieve recommended Clamping Loadsarebasedonthe following formula:
Common Metric Bolts per ISO 898
DryThreads
1.32.13.16.2
10.427.225.456.253.250.696.291.988.1
0.61.01.53.05.2
13.412.527.626.324.847.345.243.2
1.01.62.34.67.8
20.419.142.139.938.072.268.966.1
1.42.23.36.6
11.329.327.460.257.254.2
103.198.694.5
0.91.42.04.06.917.916.636.835.033.063.160.257.6
M3M3.5M4M5M6M8 X 1M8 X 1.25M10 X 1M10 X 1.25M10 X 1.5M12 X 1.25M12 X 1.5M12X1.75
Lube1.93.04.48.8
15.139.036.580.276.272.2137.5131.5126.0
Class 5.8 Torque Class 8.8 Torque Class 10.9 Torque
Dry Lube Dry Lube Dry Lube
Class 12.9 Torque
1.62.63.87.8
13.234.231.970.566.963.3
120.6115.4110.5
2.23.55.1
10.317.645.642.694.089.284.4
160.8153.8147.4
4
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