compressed air energy storage...
TRANSCRIPT
Compressed Air Energy
Storage (CAES)
7th Energy Storage World Forum, London April 2014
ENERGY STORAGE HEAD TO HEAD
Comparing Electrochemical v Other Energy Storage Technologies – Which One Offers Optimum Return On Investment And When?
David J. Timoney
University College Dublin, Ireland
3rd April 20141
• Large cavern is buried underground (salt mine).
• Air is compressed using “surplus” electricity during periods of low demand.
• Compressed Air must be cooled for storage.
• During times of peak demand, (heated) air is released through turbines to generate power.
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
Salt seam
cavern
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Status and Technical Challenges of Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Technology, Matthias Finkenrath (GE Global Research
Europe), Simone Pazzi, Michele D’Ercole (GE Oil & Gas), Roland Marquardt, Peter Moser (RWE Power AG), Michael Klafki (ESK GmbH), Stefan
Zunft (DLR), 2009 International Workshop on Environment and Alternative Energy, Organized by C3P and NASA, Nov 10 - 13, 2009, GE Global
Research, Garching n. Munich, Germany
CAES Design Options
Fuel needed
No fuel needed
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• Provides Bulk Storage similar to Pumped Hydro.
• Capital Costs are $810-$1045 per kW installed (EPRI 2011*)
• Relative to Conventional Gas Turbines;• Higher Efficiency
• Use less fuel
• Faster Ramp Rates
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
* http://www.rmi.org/Content/Files/EstimatingCostsSmartGRid.pdf
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McIntosh, Alabama - 1991
Huntorf, Germany - 1978
Existing CAES Plants
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2017
2018Future CAES Plants
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Larne CAES Project, Northern Ireland
• Planning submission – Q2, 2014
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Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage for the Integration of Wind Energy, Chris Bullough, Christoph Gatzen, Christoph Jakiel, Martin Koller, Andreas Nowi, and Stefan Zunft, Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference, EWEC 2004, 22-25 November 2004, London UK
Adiabatic CAESWaste heat from air compression is recovered in “Thermal Energy
Stores” (TES), to save or eliminate fuel.
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Design Objectives:
• To minimise excessive ‘throwing away’ of valuable thermal energy during charging.
• To eliminate (or reduce) the need to burn fuel during discharging.
• To attain higher efficiencies.
Adiabatic CAES
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Thermal Energy Store (TES)Modelling of Heat Storage & Release
TES Concept
Computed variation in TES temperature with time and
position10
“Round Trip” Efficiency for CAES is Not Simple
Energy Inputs to Plant
1) Electric Power (e.g. surplus wind) input used to compress air during “charging” (€ cost to operator).
2) Natural Gas input needed to re-heat the turbine air (€ cost to operator).
Energy Outputs from Plant1) Electric Power generated by turbine when
“discharging” air (€ income to operator).2) Waste heat from compressor cooling during “charging”
(€0 value).3) Waste Heat from hot gas leaving turbine (€0 value).
Thermal Energy StoreFurther complications for efficiency analysis (time-history).
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Three Designs – Typical Efficiencies & € ratio
1. Simplest Plant, No Recuperator, No Thermal StorageCompressor (cooled) Power Input: 58 MWTurbine Power Output; 330 MWEfficiency (energy ratio): 45%Typical Operating Income ÷ Costs: 1.13
2. With Recuperator, No Thermal Energy StorageCompressor (Cooled) Power Input: 58 MWTurbine Power Output; 330 MWEfficiency (energy ratio): 54%Typical Operating Income ÷ Costs: 1.26
3. With Recuperator & Thermal Energy StorageCompressor (Adiabatic) Power Input: 75 MWTurbine Power Output; 326 MWEfficiency (energy ratio): 64%Typical Operating Income ÷ Costs: 1.25
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Thank You for Your Attention
David J. Timoney
University College Dublin, Ireland
3rd April 201413