““Compounds Compounds

and and

Mixtures”Mixtures”

I- I- IdentifyingIdentifying CompoundsCompounds::

A-A-CompoundsCompounds = substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.

1-1- Compounds always contain the same elements and the same ratio of elements.

EXAMPLESEXAMPLES: Rust = FeFe22OO33 two iron atoms and three oxygen atoms, Water = HH22OO Two hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen.

2- 2- ChemicalChemical FormulaFormula = a chemical compound. It includes symbols of the element and the ratios of atoms.

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: HH22O, NaCl, and FeO, NaCl, and Fe22OO33

the small number is called a subscriptsubscript if no subscript there is one atom of that element.

3. Compounds unlike elements can be broken down into its elements. Since they are chemically combined they need to be broken down chemically.

a-a-HeatingHeating will separate some compounds.

b-b-ElectrolysisElectrolysis == passing electricity through the compound.

II-II-IdentifyingIdentifying MixturesMixtures::

A-A-MixturesMixtures: two or more substances that mix together but dodo notnot join chemically.

1-1-Can be either compounds or elements.EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:

SoilSand Air MilkToothpastes

2- Separating Mixtures:2- Separating Mixtures:

a-a- Easily using filtersfilters.

b- NaturallyNaturally = Oil and water.

c-c- EvaporateEvaporate = salt, sugar, & water

CompoundCompound MixtureMixture

Formed by Elements Elements or Compounds

Bonds Chemically Not Chemically

Number of substances

Fixed amounts

Random amounts

Separate Hard Easy

III- III- Types of MixturesTypes of Mixtures: :

A- A- SolutionsSolutions:: Type of mixture.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Sugar Water.

1-1- Even though you can not see the sugar it still makes the water sweet.

2-Dissolving:: SUGAR-WATER SUGAR-WATER The The sugar sugar molecules attract molecules attract to the Hto the H22O O

molecules. Filling molecules. Filling the spaces between the spaces between the water the water molecules.molecules.

3- 3- SolubleSoluble = = when one substance can be dissolved in another substance.

a- a- SolventSolvent == the substance that dissolves other materials. HH2200

b- b- SoluteSolute = = the substance that is being dissolved. SugarSugar

4- 4- DescribingDescribing SolutionsSolutions::

a- a- DiluteDilute = = small amount of solute. Weak coffeeWeak coffee

b- b- ConcentratedConcentrated = = large amount of solute. Strong coffeeStrong coffee

c- c- SaturatedSaturated = = NoNo more solute can be dissolved at that temperature and pressure.

Heat the solution up you can increase the solvents ability to dissolve more solute.

5- 5- SolubilitySolubility = = describes the amount of solute necessary to saturate a

definite amount of solvent at a given temperature

IV-IV- SuspensionsSuspensions == Another Kind of Mixture

A- A- SuspensionSuspension:: a mixture in which the particles of one substance become scattered

through out another withoutwithout dissolving.

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: Oil and Water.

OilOil

WatWaterer

1-1-TypesTypes ofof SuspensionsSuspensions::

Solid in Liquid “Sand and Water”

Solid in Gas “Smoke”

Gas in Liquid “Shaving Cream”

Liquid in Liquid “Oil and Water

B- B- Colloid Colloid == Suspension of small particles that remain mixed. Example: Example: MILKMILK

1-1-EmulsionEmulsion special type of colloid that consists of one liquid suspended in another liquid.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Mayonnaisea- EmulsifierEmulsifier is the substance that keeps the particles of liquid mixed. “Egg Yolk”“Egg Yolk”