Composite of All Stratigraphic Units of Pennsylvania AARON, J.M., 1969, Petrology and origin of the Hardyston Quartzite (Lower Cambrian) in eastern

Pennsylvania and western New Jersey, in Subitzky, S., ed., Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions: East Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, p. 21-34.

ADAMS, R.W., 1970, The Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau; stratigraphy and sedimentation; Loyalhanna Limestone; cross-bedding and provenance, in Fisher, G.W., Pettijohn, F.J., Reed, J.C., Jr., and Weaver, K.N., eds., Studies of Appalachian geology, central and southern, Intersci. Publ., New York, NY, p. 83-100.

AHLBERG, P.E., JOHANSON, Z., and DAESCHLER, E.B., 2001, The Late Devonian lungfish Soederberghia (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from Australia and North America, and its biogeographical implications: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 21, p. 1-12.

AHLBRANDT, T.S., 1995, The Mississippian Loyalhanna Limestone (Formation); a Paleozoic eolianite in the Appalachian Basin: Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey (1995), Reston, VA, U. S. Geological Survey, 25 p.

ALLEN, J.R.L., and FRIEND, P.F., 1968, Deposition of the Catskill facies, Appalachian region; with some notes on some other Old Red Sandstone basins, in Klein, G.d., ed., Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic continental sedimentation, northeastern North America, symposium, Geological Society of America Special Paper 106, p. 21-74.

ALLING, H.L., and BRIGGS, L.I., JR., 1961, Stratigraphy of Upper Silurian Cayugan evaporites: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 45, p. 515-547.

ANDEREGG, C., 1955, Petrology and cementation of the Tuscarora Sandstone [unpublished Master's thesis]: West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

ANDERSON, E., and GOODWIN, P., 1989, Stop 1.6; Altoona, in Hanshaw, P.M., ed., Field trips for the 28th international geological congress, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, United States, p. 15-17.

ANDERSON, E.J., 1974, Stratigraphic models: the Lower Devonian and Upper Silurian of the central Appalachian Basin: Sedimentary Geology, v. 4, p. 11.1-11.10.

ANDERSON, E.J., GOODWIN, P.W., and GOODMANN, P.T., 1986, Reconstruction of patterns of differential subsidence using an episodic stratigraphic model, in Allen, P.A., and Homewood, P., eds., Foreland basins Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists 8 (1986), Blackwell, Oxford, International, p. 437-443.

ANDERSON, E.J., and MAKURATH, J.H., 1973, Paleoecology of Appalachian gypidulid brachiopods: Palaeontology, v. 16, p. 381-389.

ANONYMOUS, 1996, Carbonate ramps and reefs; Paleozoic stratigraphy and paleontology of western Maryland: Geologic Guidebook - Maryland Geological Survey (19960608), [Baltimore, MD], Maryland Geological Survey, 25 p.

APPOLD, M.S., KESLER, S.E., and ALT, J.C., 1995, Sulfur isotope and fluid inclusion constraints on the genesis of mississippi valley-type mineralization in the Central Appalachians: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 90, p. 902-919.

ARCHER, A.W., and GREB, S.F., 1995, An Amazon-scale drainage system in the Early Pennsylvanian of central North America: Journal of Geology, v. 103, p. 611-628.

ARENS, N.C., 1988, Salona-Coburn bryozoans, systematics, paleoecology and sedimentologic interpretation of a Middle Ordovician fauna from central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 135 p.

ARENS, N.C., and CUFFEY, R.J., 1989, Bryozoan fauna of the Coburn and Salona limestones (Middle Ordovician) of central Pennsylvania: Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 63, p. 113-121.

ARENS, N.C., and CUFFEY, R.J., 1989, Shallow and stormy: Late Middle Ordovician paleoenvironments in central Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 11, p. 218-224.

ARGUDEN, A.T., and RODOLFO, K.S., 1986, Sedimentary facies and tectonic implications of lower Mesozoic alluvial-fan conglomerates of the Newark Basin, Northeastern United

States: Sedimentary Geology, v. 51, p. 97-118. ARKLE, T., JR., 1974, Stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian and Permian systems of the central

Appalachians, in Briggs, G., ed., Carboniferous of the southeastern United States Special Paper 148 - Geological Society of America, Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, p. 5-29.

ARNOLD, C.A., 1933, Fossil plants from the Pocono (Oswayo) sandstone of Pennsylvania: Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, v. 17, p. 51-56.

ARONSON, J.L., and LEWIS, T.L., 1994, Ages of detrital white mica from Devonian-Pennsylvanian strata of the north central Appalachian Basin; dominance of the Acadian Orogen as provenance: Journal of Geology, v. 102, p. 685-696.

ASHBURNER, C.A., 1877, A measured section of the Paleozoic rocks of central Pennsylvania, from the top of the Allegheny River coal series, down to the Trenton limestone in the lower, or Cambro-Silurian system: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, v. 16, p. 519-560.

ASHLEY, G.H., and WILLARD, B., 1935, The use of the term Pocono: Science, v. 81, p. 615-617. BABCOCK, L.E., 1985, Mahantango conulariid considered a hyolithid: Pennsylvania Geology, v.

16, p. 14-16. BAILEY, A., 1981, Chemical and mineralogical difference between Kittanning coals from marine-

influenced versus fluvial sequences: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, p. 383-395. BALDWIN, B., 1983, Sedimentation rates of the Taconic sequence and the Martinsburg

Formation: American Journal of Science, v. 283, p. 178-191. BAMBACH, R.K., 1987, The Ordovician-Silurian unconformity in western Virginia and adjacent

West Virginia: Thirteenth Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates program; fall meeting Program ... Meeting. Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, p. 2-14.

BANKS, H.P., GRIERSON, J.D., and BONAMO, P.M., 1985, The flora of the Catskill clastic wedge, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America, p. 125-141.

BARRELL, J., 1907, Origin and significance of the Mauch Chunk shale: Geological Society of America, v. Bulletin, p. 449-476.

BARRELL, J., 1913, The Upper Devonian delta of the Appalachian geosyncline, Part I: The delta and its relations to the interior sea: American Journal of Science, Fourth Series, v. 36, p. 429-472.

BARRELL, J., 1914, The Upper Devonian delta of the Appalachian geosyncline, Part III: The relations of the delta to Appalachia: American Journal of Science, Fourth Series, v. 37, p. 225-253.

BARRETT, S.F., and ISAACSON, P.E., 1981, Faunal assemblages developed in a coarse clastic sequence, in Gray, J., ed., Communities of the past: Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, p. 165-183.

BARWIS, J.H., and HAYES, M.O., 1979, Regional patterns of modern barrier island and tidal inlet deposits as applied to paleoenvironmental studies, in Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Weisenfluh, G.A., and Staub, J.R., eds., Carboniferous depositional environments in the Appalachian region, Univ. S.C., Dep. Geol.; Carol. Coal Group, Columbia, S.C., p. 472-498.

BARWIS, J.H., and MAKURATH, J.H., 1978, Recognition of ancient tidal inlet sequences; an example from the Upper Silurian Keyser Limestone in Virginia: Sedimentology, v. 25, p. 61-82.

BASILONE, T., 1984, The diagenesis and epigenesis of the Oriskany Sandstone, south-central Somerset County, Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

BAYER, U., 1989, Stratigraphic and environmental patterns of ironstone deposits, in Young, T.P., and Taylor, W.E.G., eds., Phanerozoic ironstones Geological Society Special Publications 46 (1989), Geological Society of London, London, United Kingdom, p. 105-117.

BECKER, H.F., and DONN, W.L., 1952, A new occurrence and description of the fossil Arthrophycus Pennsylvania: Science, v. 115, p. 214-215.

BEERBOWER, J.R., 1961, Origin of cyclothems of the Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian) in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio: Geological Socety of America

Bulletin, v. 72, p. 1029-1050. BELL, S.C., 1997, Cyclic lithofacies, sequence stratigraphy, and depositional basin evolution of

the Tonoloway Limestone [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 187 p.

BELL, S.C., and SMOSNA, R., 1998, Pridoli sea-level fluctuations and sequence stratigraphy in the Appalachian Basin, USA, in Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., and Rabano, I., eds., Proceedings of the Sixth international graptolite conference of the GWG (IPA) and the SW Iberia field meeting 1998 of the International Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (ICS-IUGS), Instituto Tecnologico Geominero de Espana, Madrid, Spain | Instituto Geologico e Mineiro, p. 51-53.

BENEDICT, G.L., III, and WALKER, K.R., 1978, Paleobathymetric analysis in Paleozoic sequences and its geodynamic significance: American Journal of Science, v. 278, p. 579-607.

BERG, T.M., 1972, Clam burrows in the upper Devonian or; "Quo Vadis Archanodon?" Pennsylvania Geology, v. 3, p. 6-8.

BERG, T.M., 1977, Bivalve burrow structures in the Bellvale Sandstone, New Jersey and New York: Bulletin - New Jersey Academy of Science, v. 22, p. 1-5.

BERG, T.M., 1981, Huntley Mountain Formation, Geology of Tioga and Bradford counties, Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 27-32.

BERG, T.M., 1987, Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary and variability of coal-bearing facies at Curwensville Reservoir, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, in Roy, D.C., ed., Northeastern section of the Geological Society of America Collation: 6, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, CO, p. 43-46 Book Collection Centennial field guide 6.

BERG, T.M., 1999, Devonian-Mississippian transition, in Shultz, C.H., ed., The geology of Pennsylvania Special Publication - Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1999), Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, Harrisburg - Pittsburgh, p. 128-137.

BERG, T.M., DODGE, C.H., and LENTZ, L.J., 1986, Upper Devonian and Mississippian stratigraphy of the Broad Top region, in Sevon, W.D., ed., Selected geology of Bedford and Huntingdon counties Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 51 (1986), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 81-91.

BERG, T.M., and EDMUNDS, W.E., 1979, The Huntley Mountain Formation; Catskill-to-Burgoon transition in North-central Pennsylvania, v. Information Circular no. 83: Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, 80 p.

BERG, T.M., and HOQUE, M., 1980, Ancient eolianite in Centre County Paleocurrent and paleoslope; a case study: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 11, p. 13-15.

BERG, T.M., MCINERNEY, M.K., WAY, J.H., and MACLACHLAN, D.B., 1983, Stratigraphic correlation chart of Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey General Geology Report 75.

BERGENBACK, R.E., 1950, A petrographic study of the Bald Eagle, Juniata, and Tuscarora formations in central and eastern Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.

BERKHEISER JR, S.W., 1985, High-purity silica occurrences in Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey Mineral Resources Report 88, p. 67.

BERKHEISER, S.W., JR., 1985, Pennsylvania's slate industry; alive and well, in Glaser, J.D., and Edwards, J., eds., Proceedings; Twentieth forum on the geology of industrial minerals; Focus, Industrial minerals of the Mid-Atlantic states Special Publication - Maryland Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources 2 (1985), Maryland Geological Survey, [Baltimore, MD], p. 23-33.

BEUTHIN, J.D., 1987, Facies interpretation of the lower Pocono Formation (Devonian-Mississippian); Garrett County, Maryland, and vicinity [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 91 p.

BEUTHIN, J.D., 1994, A sub-Pennsylvanian paleovalley system in the central Appalachian Basin

and its implications for tectonic and eustatic controls on the origin of the regional Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity, in Dennison, J., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustaitic controls on sedimentary cycles: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 107-120.

BJERSTEDT, T.W., 1986, Regional stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Lower Mississippian Rockwell Formation and Purslane Sandstone based on the new Sideling Hill road cut, Maryland: Southeastern Geology, v. 27, p. 69-94.

BJERSTEDT, T.W., 1987, Trace fosils indicating estuarine deposystems for the Devonian-Mississippian Cloyd Conglomerate Member, Price Formation, central Appalachians: Palaios, v. 2, p. 339-349.

BJERSTEDT, T.W., 1987, Latest Devonian-Earliest Mississippian nearshore trace-fossil assemblages from West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 865-889.

BJERSTEDT, T.W., 1988, Multivariate analysis of trace fossil distribution from an Early Mississippian oxygen-deficient basin, central Appalachians: Palaios, v. 3, p. 53-68.

BJERSTEDT, T.W., 1988, Trace fossils from the earliest Mississippian Price delta, southeast West Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 506-519.

BLACKMER, G.C., OMAR, G.I., and GOLD, D.P., 1994, Post-Alleghanian unroofing history of the Appalachian Basin, Pennsylvania, from apatite fission track analysis and thermal models: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 1259-1276.

BOSWELL, R.M., 1988, Basin analysis of the Acadian clastic wedge in northern West Virginia and adjacent areas, 351 p.

BOSWELL, R.M., and DONALDSON, A.C., 1988, Depositional architecture of the Upper Devonian Catskill Delta Complex; central Appalachian Basin, U.S.A, Devonian of the world; proceedings of the Second international symposium on the Devonian System; Volume II, Sedimentation, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 65-84.

BOUCOT, A.J., GRAY, J., and HOSKINS, D.M., 1994, New hughmilleriid (Eurypterida) occurrence from the Tuscarora Formation, central Pennsylvania, and its environmental interpretation, Studies in stratigraphy and paleontology in honor of Donald W. Fisher, University of The State of New York, State Department of Education, p. 21-23.

BOWEN, Z.P., 1963, Brachiopoda of the Keyser Limestone (Siluro-Devonian), Maryland and adjacent areas [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

BOWEN, Z.P., 1966, Intraspecific variation in the brachial cardinalia of Atrypa reticularis: Journal of Paleontology, v. 40, p. 1017-1022.

BOWEN, Z.P., 1967, Brachiopoda of the Keyser Limestone (Silurian-Devonian) of Maryland and adjacent areas: Memoir - Geological Society of America (1967), Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America (GSA), 103 p.

BOWEN, Z.P., RHOADS, D.C., and MCALESTER, A.L., 1974, Marine benthic communities in the Upper Devonian of New York: Lethaia, v. 7, p. 93-120.

BRADLEY, D.C., 1989, Taconic plate kinematics as revealed by foredeep stratigraphy, Appalachian orogen: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 1037-1049.

BRAGONIER, W.A., 1989, Stratigraphy of flint clays of the Allegheny and Pottsville groups, western Pennsylvania, in Harper, J.A., ed., Geology in the Laurel Highlands of southwestern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 54 (1989), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 69-88.

BRAUN, D.D., EDMUNDS, W.E., and GILLMEISTER, N.M., 1997, Stop 3 and lunch; The Seven Tubs natural area and its environs, geomorphic development of "The Tubs", stratigraphy of the Mauch Chunk and Pottsville formations and structure at the Mauch Chunk-Pottsville contact, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 94-105.

BRETSKY, P.W., 1969, Central Appalachian Late Ordovician communities: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, p. 193-212.

BRETSKY, P.W., JR., 1970, Upper Ordovician ecology of the central Appalachians: Bulletin -

Peabody Museum of Natural History 34 (1970), New Haven, CT, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, 150 p.

BRETSKY, P.W., FLESSA, K.W., and BRETSKY, S.S., 1969, Brachiopod ecology in the Ordovician of eastern Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 43, p. 312-321.

BRETT, C.E., 1983, Sedimentology, facies and depositional environments of the Rochester Shale (Silurian; Wenlockian) in western New York and Ontario: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53.

BRETT, C.E., 1986, Dynamic stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian) of New York State, New York State Museum Bulletin 457, 150 p.

BRETT, C.E., BAARLI, B.G., CHOWNS, T., COTTER, E., DRIESE, S., GOODMAN, W., and JOHNSON, M.E., 1998, Early Silurian condensed intervals, ironstones, and sequence stratigraphy in the Appalachian foreland basin, in Landing, E., and Johnson, M.E., eds., Silurian cycles; linkages of dynamic stratigraphy with atmospheric, oceanic, and tectonic changes Bulletin - New York State Museum (1976) 491 (1998), University of The State of New York, State Education Department, Albany, NY, p. 89-143.

BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G., 1986, Symmetrical and upward-shallowing cycles in the Middle Devonian of New York State and their implications for the punctuated aggradational cycle hypothesis: Paleoceanography, v. 1, p. 431-445.

BRETT, C.E., and BAIRD, G.C., 1996, Middle Devonian sedimentary cycles and sequences in the northern Appalachian Basin, in Witzke, B.J., Ludvigson, G.A., and Day, J., eds., Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy: Views from the North American craton: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 306, p. 213-241.

BRETT, C.E., GOODMAN, W.M., and LODUCA, S.T., 1990, Sequences, cycles, and basin dynamics in the Silurian of the Appalachian foreland basin: Sedimentary Geology, v. 69, p. 191-244.

BRETT, C.E., SPEYER, S.E., and BAIRD, G., 1986, Storm-generated sedimentary units: tempestite proximality and event stratification in the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group of New York, in Brett, C.E., ed., Dynamic stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian) in New York State, New York State Museum Bulletin 457, p. 129-156.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1981, Paleoenvironments of the Keyser Limestone of central Pennsylvania, in Jones, J.R., ed., Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science, 1981 Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 15 (1981), Missouri Academy of Science, Columbia, MO, p. 245.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1983, Developmental model for an Appalachian Pennsylvanian marine incursion: Northeastern Geology, v. 5, p. 92-99.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1984, Dynamic lithostratigraphy and paleoecology of Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) strata of the northcentral Appalachian Basin [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 132 p.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1988, Appalachian Carboniferous trilobites: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 934-945.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1989, Upper Mississippian depositional patterns in the north-central Appalachian Basin, and their implications to Chesterian hierarchal stratigraphy: Southeastern Geology, v. 30, p. 1-23.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1989, Facies relationships and correlations between the Greenbrier of West Virginia and the Mauch Chunk of Pennsylvania, in Harper, J.A., ed., Geology in the Laurel Highlands of southwestern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 54 (1989), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 63-68.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1989, Late Mississippian depositional patterns in the north-central Appalachian Basin, and their implications to Chesterian hierarchical stratigraphy: Southeastern Geology, v. 30, p. 1-23.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1989, The Mississippian System in Maryland: Baltimore, Maryland, Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations No. 52, p. 75.

BREZINSKI, D.K., 1999, Mississippian, in Shultz, C.H., ed., The geology of Pennsylvania Special Publication - Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1999), Geological Survey of

Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, Harrisburg - Pittsburgh, p. 138-147. BREZINSKI, D.K., and KERTIS, C.A., 1982, Environmental setting and succession in a Late

Silurian patch reef from central Pennsylvania: Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, 1915-84, v. 60, p. 13-24.

BREZINSKI, D.K., and LEADER, 1989, Stop Late Mississippian strata in the Conemaugh River gorge through Chesnut Ridge, in Harper, J.A., ed., Geology in the Laurel Highlands of southwestern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 54 (1989), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 172-177.

BREZINSKI, D.K., and LEADER, 1993, Stop 6; Loyalhanna-Mauch Chunk Keystone Lime Quarry at Springs, Geology of the southern Somerset County region, southwestern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 118-121.

BRICE, W.R., 1988, Upper Devonian strata on Route 30 near Breezewood, Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 57-61.

BRIDGE, J., and JARVIS, S., 1998, Devonian fluvial to shallow marine strata, Schoharie Valley, New York, Field trip guide for the 70th annual meeting of the New York State Geological Association, p. 43-69.

BRIDGE, J.S., 2000, The geometry, flow patterns and sedimentary processes of Devonian rivers and coast, New York and Pennsylvania, USA, Geological Society Special Publication, p. 85-108.

BRIDGE, J.S., and DINGMAN, L.E., 1981, Depositional environment of the Oneonta Formation (Catskill facies), near Unadilla, New York.

BRIDGE, J.S., and DROSER, M.L., 1985, Unusual marginal-marine lithofacies from the Upper Devonian Catskill clastic wedge, The Catskill Delta, p. 143-161.

BRIDGE, J.S., and GORDON, E.A., 1985, Field Trip 1; The Catskill magnafacies of New York State.

BRIDGE, J.S., and GORDON, E.A., 1985, Quantitative interpretation of ancient river systems in the Oneonta Formation, Catskill Magnafacies, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America, p. 163-181.

BRIDGE, J.S., GORDON, E.A., and TITUS, R.C., 1986, Non-marine bivalves and associated burrows in the Catskill Magnafacies (Upper Devonian) of New York State ( USA): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 55, p. 65-77.

BRIDGE, J.S., and NICKELSEN, B.H., 1985, Reanalysis of the Twilight Park Conglomerate, Upper Devonian Catskill magnafacies, New York State: Northeastern Geology, v. 7, p. 181-191.

BRIDGE, J.S., and WILLIS, B.J., 1994, Marine transgressions and regressions recorded in Middle Devonian shore-zone deposits of the Catskill clastic wedge: Geological Socety of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 1440-1458.

BRIGGS, D.E.G., and ROLFE, W.D.I., 1983, A giant arthropod trackway from the Lower Mississippian of Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 377-390.

BRIGGS, R.P., 1998, Conquest of the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania; the engineering geology of Forbes Road; 1758-1764: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 4, p. 397-414.

BROADHEAD, T.W., 1996, Sedimentary environments of Silurian Taconica: Field Trips to the Appalachians and southern craton of eastern North America: Knoxville, Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences Studies in Geology 26, p. 230.

BURTNER, R.L., 1963, Sediment dispersal patterns within the Catskill facies of southeastern New York and northeastern Pennsylvania.

BURTNER, R.L., 1965, Paleocurrent and petrographic analysis of the Catskill facies of southeastern New York and northeastern Pennsylvania.

BURTNER, R.L., 1965, Petrography of the Catskill facies, southeastern New York and northeastern Pennsylvania, Geological Society of America Special Paper.

BUSCH, R.M., WELLS, K.E., and ROLLINS, H.B., 1984, Correlation of Carboniferous strata using an hierarchy of transgressive-regressive units, Sixth Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates program; spring meeting Program ... Meeting. Appalachian Basin Industrial

Associates, p. 4-44. BUTLER, P.E., 1961, Morphologic classification of sponge spicules, with descriptions of siliceous

spicules from the Lower Ordovician Bellefonte dolomite in central Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 35, p. 191-200.

BUTTNER, P.J.R., 1977, Physical stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Devonian stream deposits of southeastern New York.

BUTTS, C., and MOORE, E.S., 1936, Geology and mineral resources of the Bellefonte Quadrangle, Pennsylvania, U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin (1936), Reston, VA, U. S. Geological Survey, p. 111.

CARAMANICA, F.P., 1970, Sedimentary control of middle Devonian corals: Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 47, p. 174-182.

CARLSON, E.H., 1992, Paleoshoreline patterns in the transgressive-regressive sequences of Pennsylvanian rocks in the northern Appalachian Basin, U.S.A: 29th international geological congress; abstracts International Geological Congress, Abstracts--Congres Geologique Internationale, Resumes, p. 319.

CARLSON, E.H., 1994, Paleoshoreline patterns in the transgressive-regressive sequences of Pennsylvanian rocks in the northern Appalachian Basin, U.S.A: Special issue on tidal and shallow-sea sediments Sedimentary Geology 93, no. 3-4 (199411), p. 209-222.

CARPER, E.G., JR., 1978, The New Enterprise Quarry of Roaring Spring: Rocks and Minerals, v. 53, p. 112-114.

CARTER, B., MILLER, P., and SMOSNA, R., 1988, Environmental aspects of Middle Ordovician limestones in the central Appalachians: Sedimentary Geology, v. 58, p. 23-36.

CASTLE, J.W., 1998, Regional sedimentology and stratal surfaces of a Lower Silurian clastic wedge in the Appalachian foreland basin: Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies, v. 68, p. 1201-1211.

CASTLE, J.W., 2000, Recognition of facies, bounding surfaces, and stratigraphic patterns in foreland-ramp successions: An example from the Upper Devonian, Appalachian basin, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies, v. 70, p. 896-912.

CASTLE, J.W., 2001, Foreland-basin sequence response to collisional tectonism: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 801-812.

CATE, A.S., 1961, Stratigraphic studies of the Silurian rocks of Pennsylvania; Part 1, Stratigraphic cross sections of Lower Devonian and Silurian rocks in western Pennsylvania and adjacent areas: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Special Bulletin 10, p. 1-9.

CATE, A.S., 1963, Lithostratigraphy of some Middle and Upper Devonian rocks in the subsurface of southwestern Pennsylvania.

CATE, A.S., 1965, Stratigraphic studies of the Silurian rocks of Pennsylvania; Part 2, Subsurface maps of the Silurian rocks of western Pennsylvania and adjacent areas: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Special Report 11, p. 1-8.

CECIL, C.B., 1990, Paleoclimate controls on stratigraphic repetition of chemical and siliciclastic rocks: Geology, v. 18, p. 533-536.

CHADWICK, G.H., 1933, Catskill as a geologic name: American Journal of Science, v. 26, p. 479-484.

CHADWICK, W.J., and GOODWIN, P.W., 1993, Allocycle symmetry in the hierarchic structure of the Upper Silurian Tonoloway Formation: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 28th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 8.

CHAFETZ, H.S., 1969, Carbonates of the Lower and Middle Ordovician in central Pennsylvania: (1969), Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. G 58(Gen. Geology Rept.), 39 p.

CHESNUT, D.R., JR., 1994, Eustatic and tectonic control of deposition of the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata of the central Appalachians, in Dennison, J., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic ans eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 51-64.

CHOQUETTE, P.W., 1955, A petrographic study of the "State College" siliceous ooelite Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 63, p. 337-347.

CHRISTENSON, K., 1997, Woodward Cave resurveyed: Nittany Grotto News, v. 44, p. 5-7. CLARK, S.H.B., 1985, Diagenetic barite nodules in Ordovician and Devonian shales of the

Appalachian Basin: The Geological Society of America, 98th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 548.

CLARK, S.H.B., 1992, Barite - A model for deposition from stratified seawater based on barite nodules in Paleozoic shale and mudstone of the Appalachian Basin, Contributions to commodity geology research: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1877, p. A1-A6.

CLARK, S.H.B., and MOSIER, E.L., 1989, Barite nodules in Devonian shale and mudstone of western Virginia: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin (1989), Reston, VA, U. S. Geological Survey, 30 p.

CLEAVES, A.B., 1939, The Devonian of Pennsylvania, The Oriskany Group: Pennsylvania Topog. and Geol. Survey 4th ser. Bull. 19-G, p. 92-130.

COLLAMER, S.V., 1985, Aspects of deposition and diagenesis in the Lower Ordovician Rockview Member (Axemann Limestone) in the vicinity of Bellefonte and State College, Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: SUNY at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 230 p.

COLLIE, G.L., 1903, Ordovician section near Bellefonte, Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America, v. Bulletin, p. 407-420.

COLTON, G.W., 1970, The Appalachian Basin - Its depositional sequences and their geologic relationships, in Fisher, G.W., Pettijohn, F.J., Reed, J.C., Jr., and Weaver, K.N., eds., Studies of Appalachian gology, central and southern, Interscience Publishers, p. 5-47.

CONLIN, R.R., and HOSKINS, D.M., 1962, Geology and mineral resources of the Mifflintown Quadrangle, Pennsylvania: (1962), Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Topog. and Geol. Atlas A 126, 46 p.

CONRAD, J.A., 1985, Shelf sedimentation above storm wave base in the Upper Ordovician Reedsville Formation in central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Delaware, Newark, DE.

CONRAD, J.A., 1985, Shelf sedimentation above storm wave base in the Upper Ordovician Reedsville Formation in central Pennsylvania: The Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 20th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 17, p. 13.

CONRAD, J.A., 1985, Shelf sedimentation above storm wave base in the Upper Ordovician Reedsville Formation in central Pennsylvania: The Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 20th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 13.

CORBO, S., 1979, Vertical distribution of trace fossils in a turbidite sequence, Upper Devonian, New York State: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 28, p. 81-101.

COSTOLNICK, D.E., 1987, Sedimentology of the Devonian-Mississippian Spechty Kopf Formation in northeastern Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: SUNY, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY, 117 p.

COTTER, E., 1978, The evolution of fluvial style, with special reference to the Central Appalachian Paleozoic, in Miall, A.D., ed., Fluvial sedimentology Memoir - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists no. 5 (197808), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB, Canada, p. 361-383.

COTTER, E., 1982, Tuscarora Formation of Pennsylvania, Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineralog. Eastern Section, 105 p.

COTTER, E., 1982, Shelf, paralic, and fluvial environments and eustatic sea level fluctuations in the origin of the Tuscarora Formation (Lower Silurian) of central Pennsylvania: The thirteenth annual Appalachian petroleum geology symposium; Appalachian reservoirs and targets; program and abstracts Circular - West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey no., p. 14-18.

COTTER, E., 1983, Shelf, paralic, and fluvial environments and eustatic sea-level fluctuations in the origin of the Tuscarora Formation (Lower Silurian) of central Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, p. 25-49.

COTTER, E., 1983, Silurian depositional history, Silurian depositional history and Alleghanian

deformation in the Pennsylvania Valley and Ridge Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 3-28.

COTTER, E., 1988, Hierarchy of sea-level cycles in the medial Silurian siliciclastic succession of Pennsylvania: Geology, v. 16, p. 242-245.

COTTER, E., 1990, Storm effects on siliciclastic and carbonate shelf sediments in the medial Silurian succession of Pennsylvania, in Aigner, T., and Dott, R.H., eds., Processes and patterns in epeiric basins Sedimentary Geology 69, no. 3-4 (199012), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, p. 245-258.

COTTER, E., 1992, Diagenetic alteration of chamositic clay minerals to ferric oxide in oolitic ironstone: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, p. 54-60.

COTTER, E., 1993, Overview of geology of central Pennsylvania, in Driese, S.G., Mora, C.I., Cotter, E., Fastovsky, D.E., and Retallack, G.J., eds., Paleosols, paleoclimate and paleoatmospheric CO (sub 2) ; Paleozoic Paleosols of central Pennsylvania Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 22 (199308), University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 1-22.

COTTER, E., 1993, Silurian coastal sedimentation in Central Appalachian foreland basin modulated by persistent meter-scale rhythm: Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 361.

COTTER, E., 1998, Silurian coastal sedimentation and meter-scale rhythms in the Appalachian foreland basin of Pennsylvania, in Landing, E., and Johnson, M.E., eds., Silurian cycles; linkages of dynamic stratigraphy with atmospheric, oceanic, and tectonic changes Bulletin - New York State Museum (1976) 491 (1998), University of The State of New York, State Education Department, Albany, NY, p. 229-237.

COTTER, E., and DRIESE, S.G., 1998, Incised-valley fills and other evidence of sea-level fluctuations affecting deposition of the Catskill Formation (Upper Devonian), Appalachian Foreland Basin, Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Research B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies, v. 68, p. 347-361.

COTTER, E., DRIESE, S.G., MORA, C.I., and FASTOVSKY, D.E., 1993, Marginal marine and distal alluvial plain Paleosols in the Catskill Formation, Susquehanna River valley, south of Selingsgrove, PA, Paleosols, paleoclimate and paleoatmospheric CO (sub 2) ; Paleozoic Paleosols of central Pennsylvania, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, p. 66-76.

COTTER, E., EDITOR, and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Stop 1.5; Allenport, Field trips for the 28th international geological congress, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, United States, p. 14-15.

COTTER, E., and INNERS, J.D., 1986, Silurian stratigraphy and sedimentology in the Huntingdon County area, in Sevon, W.D., ed., Selected geology of Bedford and Huntingdon counties Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 51 (1986), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 27-39.

COTTER, E., and LEADER, 1982, Tuscarora Formation of Pennsylvania: (1982), Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineralog., Eastern Section, 105 p.

COTTER, E., LINK, J., and ANDREWS, E., 1989, Depositional settings and mineralization sequences, Clinton sedimentary ironstones, central Pennsylvania, USA: Twenty-eighth international geological congress; abstracts International Geological Congress, Abstracts--Congres Geologique Internationale, Resumes 28, p. 333.

COTTER, E., and LINK, J.E., 1993, Deposition and diagenesis of Clinton ironstones (Silurian) in the Appalachian foreland basin of Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 911-922.

CRAFT, J.H., and BRIDGE, J.S., 1987, Shallow- marine sedimentary processes in the Late Devonian Catskill Sea, New York State: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 98, p. 338-355.

CRAIG, L.C., 1941, Lower Middle Ordovician of south-central Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 707-779.

CRAMER, F.H., 1969, Possible implications for Silurian paleogeography from phytoplancton assemblages of the Rose Hill and Tuscarora formations of Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 43, p. 485-491.

CRAMER, F.H., 1969, Possible implications for Silurian paleogeography from phytoplankton assemblages of the Rose Hill and Tuscarora of Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 43, p. 485-491.

CRAMER, H.R., 1957, Ordovician starfish from the Martinsburg shale, Swatara Gap, Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 31, p. 903-907.

CRAMER, H.R., 1959, Devonian starfish from Pike County, Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 33, p. 471-473.

CROWDER, R.K., 1980, Deposition of Upper Ordovician red beds in western Virginia: Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, 1915-84, v. 57, p. 101-111.

CUFFEY, R.J., 1997, Prasopora-bearing event beds in the Coburn Limestone (Bryozoa; Ordovician; Pennsylvania), in Brett, C.E., and Baird, G.C., eds., Paleontological events; stratigraphic, ecological, and evolutionary implications, Columbia University Press, New York, NY, p. 110-130.

CUFFEY, R.J., DAVIDHEISER, C.E., FONDA, S.S., LUTZ, A.B., and ZIMMERMAN, L.S.S., BARBARA B., 1985, A Mid-Silurian coral-bryozoan reef in central Pennsylvania, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Guidebook, 50th Annual Meeting, p. 1-19.

CUFFEY, R.J., and TAYLOR, J.F., 1988, Altoona bryozoan-coral-stromatoporoid reef, Uppermost Silurian, Pennsylvania, in Geldsetzer, H.H.J., James, N.P., and Tebbutt, G.E., eds., Reefs; Canada and adjacent areas Memoir - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists 13 (198812), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB, Canada, p. 296-298.

CULLEN-LOLLIS, J., 1986, Upper Ordovician K-bentonites in Pennsylvania, in Sevon, W.D., ed., Selected geology of Bedford and Huntingdon counties Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 51 (1986), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 13-19.

CULLEN-LOLLIS, J., and HUFF, W.D., 1986, Correlation of Champlainian (Middle Ordovician) K-bentonite beds in central Pennsylvania based on chemical fingerprinting: Journal of Geology, v. 94, p. 865-874.

CUOMO, M.C., and RHOADS, D.C., 1987, Biogenic sedimentary fabrics associated with pioneering polychaete assemblages: modern and ancient: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, p. 537-543.

DAESCHLER, E.B., 1998, Vertebrate fauna from the non-marine facies of the Catskill Formation (Late Devonian) in Pennsylvania, 166 p.

DAESCHLER, E.B., 2000, Early tetrapod jaws from the Late Devonian of Pennsylvania, USA, v. 74, p. 301-308.

DAESCHLER, E.B., 2000, An early actinopterygian fish from the Catskill Formation (Late Devonian, Famennian) in Pennsylvania, U.S.A: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 150, p. 181-192.

DAESCHLER, E.B., SHUBIN, N.H., THOMSON, K.S., and AMARAL, W.W., 1994, A Devonian tetrapod from North America: Science, v. 265, p. 639-642.

DAYTON, G.O., and WHEELAND, K., 1981, Pennsylvania cave data; II, Limestones of Pennsylvania: Nittany Grotto News, v. 28, p. 8-11.

DE WITT, W., JR., 1971, The Mifflintown Formation of middle Silurian age, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1970 U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States, p. 28-29.

DE WITT, W., JR., 1981, Stratigraphy of Devonian black shales in the Appalachian Basin, Twelfth annual Appalachian petroleum geology symposium on Appalachian thrust belt/tight sands/shale gas; program and abstracts Circular - West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, p. 18-19.

DE WITT, W., JR., ROEN, J.B., and WALLACE, L.G., 1993, Stratigraphy of Devonian black shales and associated rocks in the Appalachian Basin, in Roen, J.B., and Kepferle, R.C., eds., Petroleum geology of the Devonian and Mississippian black shale of eastern North America U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin (1993), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, p. B1-B57.

DEGENS, E.T., WILLIAMS, E.G., and KEITH, M.L., 1958, Application of geochemical criteria

Pennsylvania , Part 2 of Environmental studies of Carboniferous sediments: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 42, p. 981-997.

DEGENS, E.T., WILLIAMS, E.G., and KEITH, M.L., 1980, Environmental studies of Carboniferous sediments; Part II; Application of geochemical criteria, in Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Weisenfluh, G.A., and Staub, J.R., eds., Carboniferous depositional environments in the Appalachian region, Univ. S.C., Dep. Geol.; Carol. Coal Group, Columbia, S.C., p. 121-136.

DEMICCO, R.V., 1983, Wavy and lenticular-bedded carbonate ribbon rocks of the Upper Cambrian Conococheague Limestone, central Appalachians: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, p. 1121-1132.

DEMICCO, R.V., BRIDGE, J.S., and CLOYD, K.C., 1987, A unique freshwater carbonate from the Upper Devonian Catskill magnafacies of New York State: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, p. 327-334.

DEMICCO, R.V., BRIDGE, J.S., and CLOYD, K.C., 1991, Freshwater carbonate from the Upper Devonian Catskill Magnafacies, Davenport Center, central New York, New York State Geological Association field trip guidebook, New York State Geological Survey, p. 291-306.

DENNISON, J., EDITOR, and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Stop 3.3; Huntersville. DENNISON, J., EDITOR, and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Stop 2.2-A; Keyser East. DENNISON, J.M., 1963, Stratigraphy between Tioga Metabentonite and Pocono Formation along

Allegheny Front in Maryland and West Virginia, Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. (General Geology Rept.) G 39, p. 213-227.

DENNISON, J.M., 1971, Petroleum related to Middle and Upper Devonian deltaic facies in central Appalachians: AAPG Bulletin, v. 55, p. 1179-1193.

DENNISON, J.M., 1975, Sealevel variations interpreted from the Appalachian Basin Silurian and Devonian: American Journal of Science, v. 275, p. 1089-1120.

DENNISON, J.M., 1976, Appalachian Queenston Delta related to eustatic sea-level drop accompanying late Ordovician glaciation centred in Africa, in Bassett, M.G., ed., The Ordovician System, Univ. Wales Press and Natl. Mus. Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, p. 107-120.

DENNISON, J.M., 1982, Uranium favorability of nonmarine and marginal-marine strata of late Precambrian and Paleozoic age in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, U.S. Department of Energy National Uranium Resource Evaluation Report GJBX-50(82), p. 254.

DENNISON, J.M., BEUTHIN, J.D., and HASSON, K.O., 1986, Latest Devonian-earliest Carboniferous marine transgressions central and southern Appalachians, USA: Annales de la Societe geologique de Belgique, v. 109, p. 123-129.

DENNISON, J.M., and DE WITT, W., JR., 1972, Redbed zone produced by sea level drop at beginning of Devonian Cohocton Age delimits Fulton and Augusta Lobes of Catskill Delta Complex, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Structure of Silurian and Devonian Rocks along the Allegheny Front in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, Maryland, and Mineral and Grant Counties, West Virginia, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 109-114.

DENNISON, J.M., FILER, J.K., and ROSSBACH, T.J., 1993, Upper Devonian outcrop stratigraphy along the Appalachian Basin margin in southeastern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia and implications for hydrocarbon exploration, Studies in eastern energy and the environment; AAPG Eastern Section special volume, Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Mineral Resources, p. 43-49.

DENNISON, J.M., FILER, J.K., and ROSSBACH, T.J., 1997, Devonian strata of southeastern West Virginia and adjacent Virginia, in Dennison, J.M., ed., Geologic field guide to Devonian hydrocarbon stratigraphy of southeastern West Virginia and adjacent Virginia, Appalachian Geological Society, Charleston, WV, p. 3-54.

DENNISON, J.M., and HASSON, K.O., 1976, Stratigraphic cross section of Hamilton Group (Devonian) and adjacent strata along south border of Pennsylvania: AAPG Bulletin, v. 60, p. 278-287.

DENNISON, J.M., and TEXTORIS, D.A., 1970, Devonian Tioga tuff in northeastern United States: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 34, p. 289-294.

DENNISON, J.M., and TEXTORIS, D.A., 1977, Tioga bentonite time-marker associated with Devonian shales in Appalachian Basin, in Schott, G.L., Overbey, W.K., Jr., Hunt, A.E., and Komar, C.A., eds., First Eastern Gas Shales Symposium: Morgantown, West Virginia, Morgantown Energy Research Center, p. 166-182.

DENNISON, J.M., and TEXTORIS, D.A., 1987, Paleowind and depositional tectonics interpreted from Devonian Tioga Ash Bed, Twelfth Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates Program spring meeting Program ... Meeting. Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, p. 107-132.

DENNISON, J.M., and WHEELER, W.H., 1975, Stratigraphy of Precambrian through Cretaceous strata of probable fluvial origin in southeastern United States and their potential as uranium host rocks: Southeastern Geology Special Publication Number 5, 210 p.

DESIMONE, L., 1988, Paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Lower Silurian Tuscarora Formation palynomorph suite in central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Boston University, Boston, MA, 136 p.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1973, Lower and Middle Silurian ichnofacies and their paleoenvironmental significance, central Appalachian Basin of the Virginias [unpublished Master of Science thesis]: Duke University, 100 p.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1975, Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of lower and middle Silurian clastics, inferred from trace fossils, central Appalachian Basin: Annual Meeting Abstracts - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 20.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1985, The Taconian clastic sequence in northern Virginia and West Virginia: Field trip guidebook, Soc. Econ. Paleontol. and Mineral., East. Sect., 62 p.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1985, Regional controls of gas accumulation in Oriskany Sandstone, Central Appalachian Basin: AAPG Bulletin, v. 69, p. 722-732.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1985, Post-Martinsburg Ordovician stratigraphy of Virginia and West Virginia: Charlottesville, Virginia, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 57, p. 1-77.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1989, Late Ordovician glacioeustatic effects interpretated from Central Appalachian stratigraphy: Geological Society of America, 1989 annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 334.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1990, Stratigraphic analysis of cyclicity within the Upper Ordovician sequence boundary interval, central Appalachians: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 25th annual meeting; abstracts with programs Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 11.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1991, Taconian sedimentary basins of the Appalachians, in Barnes, C.R., and Williams, S.H., eds., Advances in Ordovician Geology, Geological Survay of Canada, p. 225-234.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1993, Stratigraphic interpretation of the Ordovician of the Appalachian Basin and implications for Taconian flexural modeling: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 1410-1419.

DIECCHIO, R.J., 1995, Sea-level changes and correlation of Ordovician-Silurian boundary sections in Appalachian Basin and Anticosti Island based on cumulative aggradation plots, in Cooper, J.D., Droser, M.L., and Finney, S.C., eds., Ordovician odyssey: short papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System: Las Vegas, Nevada, Pacific Section for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), p. 337-341.

DIECCHIO, R.J., and BRODERSEN, B.T., 1994, Recognition of regional (eustatic?) and local (tectonic?) relative sea-level events in outcrop and gamma-ray logs, Ordovician, West Virginia, in Dennison, J.M., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 4, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa, OK, p. 171-180.

DIECCHIO, R.J., and DENNISON, J.M., 1996, Silurian stratigraphy of central and northern Virginia and adjacent West Virginia, in Broadhead, T.W., ed., Sedimentary environments of Silurian Taconia; fieldtrips to the Appalachian and southern craton of eastern North America Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 26 (1996), University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 107-127.

DIECCHIO, R.J., and HALL, J.C., 1998, New? trace fossils from the Ordovician-Silurian clastic

sequence of West Virginia and Maryland, Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 47th annual meeting; abstracts Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 10.

DIEMER, J., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Acadian foreland basin deposits at Port Royal, PA. DIEMER, J.A., 1992, Sedimentology and alluvial stratigraphy of the upper Catskill Formation,

south-central Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 14, p. 121-136. DIVENERE, V.J., and OPDYKE, N.D., 1991, Magnetic polarity stratigraphy in the uppermost

Mississippian Mauch Chunk Formation, Pottsville, Pennsylvania: Geology (Boulder), v. 19, p. 127-130.

DONAHUE, J., EDITOR, and ROLLINS, H.B., 1980, Geology of the northern Appalachian coal field: (1979), Pittsburgh, Pa., Univ. Pittsb. | Pittsb. Geol. Soc., variously paginated p.

DONAHUE, J., and ROLLINS, H.B., 1974, Paleoecological anatomy of a Conemaugh (Pennsylvanian) marine event, in Briggs, G., ed., Carboniferous of the southeastern United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 148, p. 153-170.

DONALDSON, A.C., 1974, Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central Appalachians, in Briggs, G., ed., Carboniferous of the southeastern United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 148, p. 47-78.

DONALDSON, A.C., and KANES, W.H., 1970, Tectonic controls on late Paleozoic sedimentation in western West Virginia: The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, p. 844.

DONALDSON, A.C., RENTON, J.J., and PRESLEY, M.W., 1985, Pennsylvanian deposystems and paleoclimates of the Appalachians, in Phillips, T.L., and Cecil, C.B., eds., Paleoclimatic controls on coal resources of the Pennsylvanian System of North America International Journal of Coal Geology 5, no. 1-2 (198506), Elsevier, Amsterdam, International, p. 167-193.

DONALDSON, A.C., and SHUMAKER, R.C., 1981, Late Paleozoic molasse of central Appalachians, in Miall, A.D., ed., Sedimentation and tectonics in alluvial basins, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 23, p. 99-124.

DOROBEK, S.L., and READ, J.F., 1986, Sedimentology and basin evolution of the Siluro-Devonian Helderberg Group, central Appalachians: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 56, p. 601-613.

DORSCH, J., BAMBACH, R.K., and DRIESE, S.G., 1994, Basin-rebound origin for the "Tuscarora unconformity" in southwestern Virginia and its bearing on the nature of the Taconic Orogeny: American Journal of Science, v. 294, p. 237-255.

DORSCH, J., and DRIESE, S.G., 1995, The Taconic Foredeep as sediment sink and sediment exporter; implications for the origin of the White Quartzarenite blanket (Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian) of the Central and Southern Appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 295, p. 201-243.

DORSCH, J., DRIESE, S.G., GOGOLA, A.R., BOLTON, J.C., and BAMBACH, R.K., 1994, Tectonic vs. eustatic unconformities; examples from Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian rocks, Southern Appalachians, in Dennison, J.M., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 4, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa, OK, p. 249.

DORSCH, J., DRIESE, S.G., GOGOLA, A.R., BOLTON, J.C., and BAMBACH, R.K., 1994, Tectonic vs. eustatic unconformities; examples from Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian rocks, Southern Appalachians, in Dennison, J.M., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 4 (199409), SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa, OK, p. 249.

DOWNEY, W.F., JR., 1980, Decoding a fossil trail: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 11, p. 6-11. DRAKE, A.A., JR., and EPSTEIN, J.B., 1967, The Martinsburg Formation (Middle and Upper

Ordovician) in the Delaware Valley, Pennsylvania-New Jersey, U. S. Geological Survey, p. H1-H16.

DRIESE, S.G., and BOLTON, J.C., 1990, Stratigraphic distribution and depositional setting for "clinton-type" ironstones, Lower Silurian of eastern Tennessee: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 25th annual meeting; abstracts with programs Abstracts

with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 12-13. DRIESE, S.G., and FOREMAN, J.L., 1992, Paleopedology and paleoclimatic implications of Late

Ordovician Beans Gap claystone Paleosol, Juniata Formation at Beans Gap, TN, in Driese, S.G., Mora, C.I., and Walker, K.R., eds., Paleosols, paleoweathering surfaces, and sequence boundaries Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 21, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 35-56.

DRIESE, S.G., and FOREMAN, J.L., 1992, Paleopedology and paleoclimatic implications of Late Ordovician vertic Paleosols, Juniata Formation, Southern Appalachians: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, p. 71-83.

DRIESE, S.G., and MORA, C.I., 1993, Physico-chemical environment of pedogenic carbonate formation in Devonian vertic Palaeosols, Central Appalachians, USA: Sedimentology, v. 40, p. 199-216.

DRIESE, S.G., MORA, C.I., and COTTER, E., 1993, Buffalo Mountains Paleosol, Duncannon Member of Catskill Formation (Upper Devonian) near Newport, Paleosols, paleoclimate and paleoatmospheric CO (sub 2) ; Paleozoic Paleosols of central Pennsylvania, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, p. 50-66.

DRIESE, S.G., MORA, C.I., and COTTER, E., 1993, Nescopeck Creek Paleosol, Mauch Chunk Formation near Nescopeck Creek, PA, in Driese, S.G., Mora, C.I., Cotter, E., Fastovsky, D.E., and Retallack, G.J., eds., Paleosols, paleoclimate and paleoatmospheric CO (sub 2) ; Paleozoic Paleosols of central Pennsylvania Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 22 (199308), University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 91-102.

DRIESE, S.G., MORA, C.I., and COTTER, E., 1993, Paleosols, paleoclimate and paleoatmospheric CO(sub2); Paleozoic paleosols of central Pennsylvania, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences Studies in Geology 22, 136 p.

DRIESE, S.G., MORA, C.I., and COTTER, E., 1997, Paleosol changes along a coastal-margin to alluvial-plain transect; Catskill Fm. (Upper Devonian), central Pennsylvania, p. 431-432.

DRIESE, S.G., MORA, C.I., COTTER, E., and FOREMAN, J.L., 1992, Paleopedology and stable isotope chemistry of Late Silurian vertic paleosols, Bloomsburg Formation, central Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, p. 825-841.

DRIESE, S.G., MORA, C.I., and ELICK, J.M., 1997, Morphology and taphonomy of root and stump casts of the earliest trees (Middle to late Devonian), Pennsylvania and New York, USA: Palaios, v. 12, p. 524-537.

DROSER, M.L., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1989, Ichnofabric of sandstones deposited in high-energy nearshore environments; measurement and utilization: Palaios, v. 4, p. 598-604.

DRUMMOND, C.N., 1999, Bed-thickness structure of multi-sourced ramp turbidites: Devonian Brallier Formation, central Appalachian Basin: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, p. 115-121.

DUKE, W.L., and PRAVE, A.R., 1991, Storm- and tide-influenced prograding shoreline sequences in the Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation, Pennsylvania, Clastic tidal sedimentology, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists; Memoir 16, p. 349-369.

DUNAGAN, S.P., and DRIESE, S.G., 1999, Control of terrestrial stabilization on Late Devonian palustrine carbonate deposition; Catskill Magnafacies, New York, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, p. 772-783.

EDMUNDS, W., 1993, Regional aspects of the Mauch Chunk Formation; the hard luck delta revisited, Geology of the southern Somerset County region, southwestern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 11-19.

EDMUNDS, W.E., 1981, Mississippian-Pennsylvanian disconformity and Pennsylvanian stratigraphy, Geology of Tioga and Bradford counties, Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists no., p. 33-38.

EDMUNDS, W.E., 1988, The Pottsville Formation of the Anthracite region, in Inners, J.D., ed., Bedrock and glacial geology of the north branch Susquehannah Lowland and the eastern Middle Anthracite Field Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 1988 (1988), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 40-50.

EDMUNDS, W.E., 1996, Correlation chart showing suggested revisions of uppermost Devonian

through Permian stratigraphy, Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey Open-File Report 96-49.

EDMUNDS, W.E., 1997, Stop 10; US 6W-11N roadcut in Leggetts Gap; Pocono, Pottsville, and Llewellyn stratigraphy, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 145-148.

EDMUNDS, W.E., 1997, Stop 7B; I-87/380 roadcut at Cobbs Gap (Part B); "Loyalhanna" and Pottsville disconformities and their stratigraphic relations, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 126-131.

EDMUNDS, W.E., 1997, The Pottsville Formation in the Lackawanna Synclinorium, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 24-27.

EDMUNDS, W.E., 1997, The Mauch Chunk Formation in the Lackawanna Synclinorium, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 28-33.

EDMUNDS, W.E., EDITOR, EGGLESTON, J.R., INNERS, J.D., LENTZ, L.J., SEVON, W.D., O'CONNOR, J.T., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Coal and hydrocarbon resources of North America; Characteristics of the Mid-Carboniferous boundary and associated coal-bearing rocks in the Northern Appalachian Basin, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC.

EDMUNDS, W.E., EDITOR, EGGLESTON, J.R., INNERS, J.D., LENTZ, L.J., SEVON, W.D., O'CONNOR, J.T., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Coal and hydrocarbon resources of North America; Characteristics of the Mid-Carboniferous boundary and associated coal-bearing rocks in the Northern Appalachian Basin, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC.

EDMUNDS, W.E., EDITOR, EGGLESTON, J.R., INNERS, J.D., LENTZ, L.J., SEVON, W.D., O'CONNOR, J.T., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1990, Coal and hydrocarbon resources of North America; Characteristics of the Mid-Carboniferous boundary and associated coal-bearing rocks in the Northern Appalachian Basin, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC.

EDMUNDS, W.E., and GILLMEISTER, N.M., 1997, Stop 2; PA 309 roadcut at Luzerne; Mauch Chunk-Pottsville stratigraphy and structure, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 87-94.

EDMUNDS, W.E., and GLOVER, A.D., 1986, Broad Top coal field, in Sevon, W.D., ed., Selected geology of Bedford and Huntingdon counties Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 51 (1986), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 93-102.

EDMUNDS, W.E., LEADER, and EGGLESTON, J.R., 1993, Stop 1; Unconformable Mississippian-Pennsylvanian contact (Mauch Chunk, Pottsville, and Allegheny formations), Geology of the southern Somerset County region, southwestern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 81-88.

EDMUNDS, W.E., SKEMA, V.W., and FLINT, N.K., 1999, Pennsylvanian, in Shultz, C.H., ed., The geology of Pennsylvania Special Publication - Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1999), Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, Harrisburg - Pittsburgh, p. 148-169.

EGGLESTON, J.R., 1992, Stratigraphy and depositional environments, Field trip guidebook; the anthracite basins of eastern Pennsylvania Open-File Report - U. S. Geological, p. 4-8.

EGGLESTON, J.R., 1992, Stratigraphy and depositional environments: Field trip guidebook; the anthracite basins of eastern Pennsylvania Open-File Report - U. S. Geological, v. Survey,

p. 4-8. EGGLESTON, J.R., KEHN, T.M., and WOOD, G.H., JR., 1999, Mineral resources; anthracite, in

Shultz, C.H., ed., The geology of Pennsylvania Special Publication - Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1999), Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, Harrisburg - Pittsburgh, p. 458-469.

EGGLESTON, J.R., LEADER, EDMUNDS, W.E., WNUK, C., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1990, Coal and hydrocarbon resources of North America; Volume 2, Anthracite basins of eastern Pennsylvania, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC.

EHRETS, J.R., 1981, The West Falls Group (Upper Devonian) Catskill Delta Complex; stratigraphy, environments and aspects of sedimentation, 68 p.

ELLIOTT, D.K., DAESCHLER, E.B., JOHNSON, H.G., CLOUTIER, R., and CARR, R.K., 2000, Middle and Late Devonian vertebrates of the western Old Red Sandstone Continent: CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 223, p. 291-308.

ELLISON, R.L., 1961, Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation in parts of south-central Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 484 p.

ELLISON, R.L., 1963, Faunas of the Mahantango Formation in south-central Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. (General Geology Rept.) G 39, p. 201-212.

ELLISON, R.L., 1965, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Mahantango Formation in south-central Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geol. Survey Bull. G 48 (Gen. Geology Rept.), 298 p.

EPSTEIN, J.B., 1986, The Valley and Ridge Province of eastern Pennsylvania; stratigraphic and sedimentologic contributions and problems: Geological Journal, v. 21, p. 283-306.

EPSTEIN, J.B., 1993, Stratigraphy of Silurian rocks in Shawangunk Mountain, southeastern New York, including a historical review of nomenclature, Evolution of sedimentary basins - Appalachian Basin: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839, p. L1-L38.

EPSTEIN, J.B., and BERRY, W.B.N., 1973, Graptolites from the Martinsburg Formation, Lehigh Gap, eastern Pennsylvania: Journal of Research of the U. S. Geological Survey, v. 1, p. 33-37.

EPSTEIN, J.B., and EPSTEIN, A.G., 1969, Geology of the Valley Ridge Province between Delaware Water Gap and Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania, Field Trip 1-B, New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers Univ. Press, p. 132-205.

EPSTEIN, J.B., and EPSTEIN, A.G., 1972, The Shawangunk Formation (Upper Ordovician (?) to Middle Silurian) in eastern Pennsylvania: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 744, p. 1-45.

EPSTEIN, R.L., 1989, Illite crystallinity of the Middle and Upper Ordovician allochthonous and autochthonous rocks in the Great Valley of central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 101 p.

ERICKSEN, M.C., MASSON, D.S., SLINGERLAND, R., and SWETLAND, D.W., 1990, Numerical simulation of circulation and sediment transport in the Late Devonian Catskill Sea.

ETHRIDGE, F.R., 1977, Petrology, trqansport, and environment in isochronous Upper Devonian sandstone and siltstone units, New York: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 47, p. 53-65.

ETTENSOHN, F.R., 1985, Controls on development of Catskill Delta complex basin-facies, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America (GSA), p. 65-77.

ETTENSOHN, F.R., 1985, The Catskill Delta complex and the Acadian Orogeny; a model, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America (GSA), p. 39-49.

ETTENSOHN, F.R., 1994, Tectonic control on formation and cyclicity of major Appalachian unconformities and associated stratigraphic sequences, in Dennison, J., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: Concepts in sedimentology and paleontology: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 217-24 2.

ETTENSOHN, F.R., and BRETT, C.E., 2002, Stratigraphic evidence from the Appalachian Basin for continuation of the Taconic Orogeny into Early Silurian time: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 27, p. 279-288.

FABINY, J.M., and INNERS, J.D., 1996, Caliche in the upper Llewellyn Formation (Upper Pennsylvanian) of the Wyoming Valley, northeastern Pennsylvania: Geological Society of

America, Northeastern Section, 31st annual meeting; abstracts Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 52.

FAILL, R.T., 1973, Tectonic Development of the Triassic Newark-Gettysburg Basin in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 725-740.

FAILL, R.T., 1985, The Acadian Orogeny and the Catskill Delta, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America (GSA), p. 15-37.

FAILL, R.T., 1987, The Birmingham Window; Alleghanian decollement tectonics in the Cambrian-Ordovician succession of the Appalachian Vallay and Ridge Province, Birmingham, Pennsylvania, in Roy, D.C., ed., Northeastern section of the Geological Society of America Centennial field guide 6, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, CO, p. 37-42.

FAILL, R.T., 1997, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians; Part 2, The Appalachian Basin from the Silurian through the Carboniferous: American Journal of Science, v. 297, p. American Journal of Science.

FAILL, R.T., 1997, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians; Part 1, Orogenesis from the Mesoproterozoic through the Taconic Orogeny: American Journal of Science, v. 297, p. 551-619.

FAILL, R.T., 1997, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians; Part 1, Orogenesis from the Mesoproterozoic through the Taconic Orogeny: American Journal of Science, v. 297, p. 551-619.

FAILL, R.T., 1999, Geologic history; Paleozoic, The geology of Pennsylvania, Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, p. 418-433.

FAILL, R.T., HOSKINS, D.M., and WELLS, R.B., 1978, Middle Devonian stratigraphy in central Pennsylvania; a revision: General Geology Report - Pennsylvania Geological Survey (1978), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 28 p.

FAILL, R.T., HOSKINS, D.M., and WELLS, R.B., 1981, Middle Devonian stratigraphy in central Pennsylvania; a revision: General Geology Report - Pennsylvania Geological Survey (1978), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 28 p.

FAKUNDINY, R.H., and FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1988, Workshop on geology and radon, Radon in the Northeast; perspectives and geologic research Northeastern Environmental Science, p. 63-69.

FASTOVSKY, D.E., DRIESE, S.G., STRATER, K.P., and STRATER, N.H., 1993, Paleosols in Mauch Chunk Formation (Upper Mississippian) near Lavelle, PA, in Driese, S.G., Mora, C.I., Cotter, E., Fastovsky, D.E., and Retallack, G.J., eds., Paleosols, paleoclimate and paleoatmospheric CO (sub 2) ; Paleozoic Paleosols of central Pennsylvania Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 22 (199308), University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 80-90.

FEAKES, C.R., and RETALLACK, G.J., 1988, Recognition and chemical characterization of fossil soils developed on alluvium; a Late Ordovician example, in Reinhardt, J., and Sigleo, W.R., eds., Paleosols and weathering through geologic time; principles and applications Special Paper - Geological Society of America 216 (1988), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, p. 35-48.

FERM, J.C., 1974, Carboniferous environmental models in eastern United States and their significance, in Briggs, G., ed., Carboniferous of the southeastern United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 148, p. 79-95.

FERM, J.C., 1980, Introduction, in Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Weisenfluh, G.A., and Staub, J.R., eds., Carboniferous depositional environments in the Appalachian region, Univ. S.C., Dep. Geol.; Carol. Coal Group, Columbia, S.C., p. 11-12.

FERM, J.C., and WILLIAMS, E.G., 1980, Characteristics of a Carboniferous marine invasion in western Pennsylvania, in Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Weisenfluh, G.A., and Staub, J.R., eds., Carboniferous depositional environments in the Appalachian region, Univ. S.C., Dep. Geol.; Carol. Coal Group, Columbia, S.C., p. 23-34.

FETTKE, C.R., 1948, Subsurface Trenton and sub-Trenton rocks in Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: Galey, J. T., ed., Appalachian Basin Ordovician symposium Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 32, p. 1457-1492.

FICHTER, L.S., The Catskill clastic wedge (Acadian Orogeny) in eastern West Virginia, in

Neathery, T.L., ed., Southeastern section of the Geological Society of America Collation: 6, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, CO, p. 91-96 Book Collection Centennial field guide 6.

FICHTER, L.S., 1986, The Catskill clastic wedge (Acadian Orogeny) in eastern West Virginia. FILER, J.K., 1994, High-frequency eustatic and siliciclastic sedimentation cycles in a foreland

basin, Upper Devonian, Appalachian Basin, in Dennison, J.M., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 133-145.

FISCHER, A.G., and LEE, C., 1993, Milankovitch signature in the Catskill Delta, p. 112. FOLK, R.L., 1949, Petrography and reservoir potentialities of the Nittany dolomite: Pa. State Coll.

Mineral Indus. Expt. Sta. Bull. 52, v. 7, p. 43-52. FOLK, R.L., 1960, Petrography and origin of the Tuscarora, Rose Hill, and Keefer formations,

Lower and Middle Silurian of eastern West Virginia: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 30, p. 1-58.

FOLK, R.L., 1962, Petrography and origin of the Silurian Rochester and McKenzie Shales, Morgan County, West Virginia: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 32, p. 539-578.

FOREMAN, J.L., and ANDERHALT, R., 1986, Petrology and diagenesis of carbonate phases in the Lower Devonian Ridgeley Sandstone (Oriskany Group), southwestern Pennsylvania: Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, 1915-84, v. 64, p. 39-47.

FRAKES, L.A., 1963, Stratigraphy of the nonred Upper Devonian across Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. (General Geology Rept.) G 39, p. 183-199.

FRAKES, L.A., 1964, Paleogeography of the Trimmers Rock Member of the Fort Littleton Formation (Devonian) in southern and eastern Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 456 p.

FRAKES, L.A., 1967, Stratigraphy of the Devonian Trimmers Rock in eastern Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. G 51 (General Geology Rept.), 208 p.

FREILE, D., 1988, A sedimentological and ichnostratigraphical paleofacies interpretation of the Upper Ordovician Juniata Formation and the Lower Silurian Tuscarora Formation of central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Boston University, Boston, MA, 250 p.

FREILE, D., and BALDWIN, C.T., 1988, Trilobite resting traces in the Juniata of central Pennsylvania; evidence for marginal marine deposition, Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 23rd annual meeting; abstracts Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 19.

FRENCH, A.N., and VAN DER VOO, R., 1979, The magnetization of the Rose Hill Formation at the classical site of Graham's fold test: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 84, p. 7688-7696.

FRENCH, R.B., and VAN DER VOO, R., 1977, Remagnetization problems with the paleomagnetism of the Middle Silurian Rose Hill Formation of the Central Appalachians: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. 5803-5806.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1987, Deep-burial diagenesis: its implications for vertical movements of the crust, uplift of the lithosphere and isostatic unroofing - a review: Sedimentary Geology, v. 50, p. 67-94.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1988, The Catskill tectonic fan-delta complex: northern Appalachian Basin: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 254-257.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1995, Flysch and molasse of the classical Taconic and Acadian orogenies; models for subsurface reservoir settings, Field trip guidebook, New York State Geological Association, p. 109-143.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1995, Siderite concretions in Middle Devonian Hamilton Formation of the Catskill tectonic fan-delta complex, New York: Northeastern Geology, v. 17, p. 420-421.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1998, Greenschist pebble in fluvial Catskill magnafacies of New York dates an Acadian event at Iapetus oceanic spreading center: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 20, p. 145-156.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., and CHAMBERLAIN JR, J.A., 1995, Archanodon catskillensis (Vanuxem): fresh water clams from one of the oldest back-swamp fluvial facies (upper Middle Devonian), Catskill Mountains, New York: Northeastern Geology & Environmental Science, v. 17, p. 431-443.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., and JOHNSON, K.G., 1966, The Devonian Catskill deltaic complex of New York, type example of a 'tectonic delta complex,'.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., and LUNDIN, R.F., 1998, Freshwater ostracodes from upper Middle Devonian fluvial facies, Catskill Mountains, New York: Journal of Paleontology, v. 72, p. 485-490.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., LUNDIN, R.F., and KNOX, L.W., 1988, Ostracodes as indicators of brackish water environments in the Catskill Magnafacies (Devonian) of New York State; discussion and reply: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 171, p. 73-83.

FRIEDMAN, G.M., and SANDERS, J.E., 1982, Time-temperature-burial significance of Devonian anthracite implies former great ( approximately 6.5 km) depth of burial of Catskill Mountains, New York: Geology, v. 10, p. 93-96.

FRIEND, P.F., 1965, Clay fractions and colours of some Catskill (Devonian) red beds: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, v. 1632, p. 78.

FRIEND, P.F., 1966, Clay fractions and colours of some Devonian red beds in the Catskill Mountains, U.S.A: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 122, p. 273-288.

FRISCHMANN, P.S., 1977, A paleoenvironmental study of the Middle Ordovician (Black River) interval in central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.

FRITZ-MILLER, M., 1971, Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Tonoloway and lower Keyser Formation (upper Silurian, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia) [unpublished Master's thesis]: George Washington University, Washington, DC.

FROELICH, A.J., and GOTTFRIED, D., 1999, Early Mesozoic; igneous and contact metamorphic rocks, in Shultz, C.H., ed., The geology of Pennsylvania Special Publication - Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1999), Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, Harrisburg - Pittsburgh, p. 202-209.

GALLAGHER, R.A., 1986, Depositional environments of the Loyalhanna Formation, Centre County, Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 103 p.

GARDINER-KUSERK, M.A., 1990, Cyclic sedimentation patterns in the Middle and Upper Ordovician Trenton Group of central Pennsylvania, in Keith, B.D., ed., The Trenton Group (Upper Ordovician Series) of eastern North America; deposition, diagenesis, and petroleum AAPG Studies in Geology 29 (1988), American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, p. 55-76.

GARLOCK, T.L., and ISAACSON, P.E., 1977, Trace fossil ichnocoenoses from the Rose Hill Formation (Early Silurian), North-central Pennsylvania: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 267.

GARLOCK, T.L., and ISAACSON, P.E., 1977, An occurrence of Cruziana population in the Moyer Ridge Member of the Bloomsburg Formation (late Silurian); Snyder County, Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, p. 282-287.

GERHART, J., 1983, Trilobites highlight a collection of fossils from Swatara Gap: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 14, p. 2-6.

GHAZIZADEH, M., 1985, Depositional environment interpretation of the Juniata Formation at Beans Gap, Clinch Mountain, Tennessee, in Walker, K.R., ed., The geologic history of the Thorn Hill Paleozoic section (Cambrian-Mississippian), eastern Tennessee Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 10 (1985), University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 93-99.

GIFFIN, E.B., 1978, A McKenzie eurypterid: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 9, p. 10-12. GIFFIN, E.B., 1979, Silurian vertebrates from Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p.

438-445. GILL, S., and YEMANE, K., 1996, Implications of a Lower Pennsylvanian Ultisol for equatorial

Pangean climates and early, oligotrophic, forest ecosystems: Geology (Boulder), v. 24, p. 905-908.

GILL, S., and YEMANE, K., 1999, Illitization in a Paleozoic, peat-forming environment as evidence for biogenic potassium accumulation: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 170, p. 327-334.

GILLMEISTER, N.M., and SPRINGER, D.A., 1990, Lehigh Water Gap, Palmerton, Pennsylvania, in Molitor, L.L., ed., Classic field sites for teaching geology in the Northeast, II; Eastern Section National Association of Geology Teachers Northeastern Geology 12, no. 1-2 (1990), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Geology, Troy, NY, p. 46-50.

GIRTY, G.H., 1928, The Pocono fauna of the Broad Top coal field, Pennsylvania: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States, 111-127 p.

GLAESER, J.D., 1963, Catskill reference section and its correlation to other measured surface sections in northeast Pennsylvania.

GLAESER, J.D., 1963, Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the Triassic Newark-Gettysburg Basin: Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 37, p. 179-188.

GLAESER, J.D., 1964, Provenance, dispersal and depositional environments of Triassic sediments in the Newark-Gettysburg Basin [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 367 p.

GLAESER, J.D., 1968, Catskill stratigraphy at Lehigh Gap and its relationship to type locations in northeastern Pennsylvania, Geological Society of America.

GLAESER, J.D., 1974, Upper Devonian stratigraphy and sedimentary environments in northeastern Pennsylvania, v. General Geology Report 63: Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 89 p.

GLAESER, J.D., 1979, Catskill Delta slope sediments in the central Appalachian Basin; source deposits and reservoir deposits, in Doyle, L.J., and Pilkey, O.H., eds., Geology of continental slopes, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication 27, p. 343-357.

GLASER, J.D., 1987, The Silurian section at Roundtop Hill near Hancock, Maryland, in Roy, D.C., ed., Northeastern section of the Geological Society of America Collation: 6, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, CO, p. 5-8 Book Collection Centennial field guide 6.

GOLDRING, R., and BRIDGES, P., 1973, Sublittoral sheet sandstones: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 43, p. 736-747.

GOLIKE, D.C., 1981, Origin of sandstones in the Reedsville Formation (Ordovician), central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 109 p.

GOODMAN, W.M., and BRETT, C.E., 1994, Roles of eustasy and tectonics in development of Silurian stratigraphic architecture of the Appalachian Foreland Basin, in Dennison, J., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 147-169.

GOODMANN, P.T., 1988, Stratigraphy and basin dynamics, upper Tonoloway and Keyser formations, central Pennsylvania; an episodic perspective: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 231-240.

GOODWIN, P.W., and ANDERSON, E.J., 1974, Associated physical and biogenic structures in environmental subdivision of a Cambrian tidal sand body: Journal of Geology, v. 82, p. 779-794.

GORDON, E.A., 1987, Sedimentology, paleohydraulics, and paleontology of the early Frasnian Upper Devonian Catskill facies, southeastern New York, 187 p.

GORDON, E.A., 1988, Body and trace fossils from the Middle-Upper Devonian Catskill Magnafacies, southeastern New York, U.S.A, Devonian of the world; proceedings of the Second international symposium on the Devonian System Volume II, Sedimentation, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 139-156.

GORDON, E.A., and BRIDGE, J.S., 1987, Evolution of Catskill (Upper Devonian) river systems; intra- and extrabasinal controls: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, p. 234-249.

GORDON, S.J., 1996, Controls on the stable isotope values of pedogenic carbonate in the Sherman Creek Member of the Catskill Formation: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section.

GRABAU, A.W., 1906, Notes on the character and origin of the Pottsville Formation of the Appalachian region: Science, v. 24, p. 691.

GRAHAM, S.A., DICKINSON, W.R., and INGERSOLL, R.V., 1975, Himalayan-Bengal model for the dispersal in the Appalachian-Ouachita system: Geological Society of America

Bulletin, v. 86, p. 273-286. GRASSO, T.X., and WOLFF, M.P., 1977, Paleoenvironments of the Marcellus and Lower

Skaneateles formations of the Otsego County region (Middle Devonian). GRAY, M.B., and NICKELSEN, R.P., 1989, Pedogenic slickensides, indicators of strain and

deformation processes in redbed sequences of the Appalachian foreland; with Suppl. Data 89-03: Geology, v. 17, p. 72-75.

GRAY, M.B., and ZEITLER, P.K., 1997, Comparison of clastic wedge provenance in the Appalachian foreland using U/Pb ages of detrital zircons: Tectonics, v. 16, p. 151-160.

GRIERSON, J.D., and BANKS, H.P., 1983, A new genus of lycopods from the Devonian of New York State: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 86, p. 81-101.

GRIESEMER, J.C., 1981, A petrographic study of the Mauch Chunk-Pottsville transition zone in Northeastern Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 237 p.

GROSS, C.M., 1955, The fauna of the Reedsville Shale at Antes Gap, Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA.

GUBER, A.L., 1972, Pyritic sulfur as a paleoecologic indicator in Carboniferous cycles, 24th International Geologic Congress - Section 6, p. 389-396.

HALL, J., 1861, On the Catskill group of new York: Canadian Naturalist and Quarterly Journal of Science, p. 377-381.

HALL, J., 1864, Remarks on the Catskill group: Transactions of the Albany Institute, p. 307-308. HALL, J.C., and DIECCHIO, R.J., 1998, Conodont biostratigraphy and the timing of sea-level

events in the Middle-Upper Ordovician Reedsville Formation of West Virginia: Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 47th annual meeting; abstracts Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 16.

HALPERIN, A., and BRIDGE, J.S., 1988, Marine to non-marine transitional deposits in the Frasnian Catskill clastic wedge, south-central New York, Devonian of the world; proceedings of the Second international symposium on the Devonian System; Volume II, Sedimentation, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 107-124.

HANEY, G., 1970, Depositional environment of Wills Creek-Williamsport. HARDIE, L.A., 1989, Cyclic platform carbonates in the Cambro-Ordovician of the central

Appalachians, in Walker, K.R., Read, J.F., and Hardie, L.A., eds., Cambro-Ordovician carbonate banks and siliciclastic basins of the United States Appalachians: Washington, D.C., International Geological Congress Field Trip T161, p. 51-88.

HARLAND, W.B., 1980, Comment on 'A paleomagnetic pole position from the folded Upper Devonian Catskill red beds, and its tectonic implications': Geology, v. 8, p. 258-259.

HARPER, J.A., 1982, "Oriskany" Sandstone oil potential, northwestern Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 13, p. 2-7.

HARPER, J.A., 1984, The Bald Eagle Formation; a surprisingly good gas reservoir: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 15, p. 8-11.

HARPER, J.A., and PATCHEN, D.G., 1996, Play Dos; Lower Devonian Oriskany Sandstone structural play, in Roen, J.B., and Walker, B.J., eds., The atlas of major Appalachian gas plays Publication - West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey (1996), West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Morgantown, WV, p. 109-117.

HARPER, J.A., and PIOTROWSKI, R.G., 1979, Stratigraphic correlation of surface and subsurface Middle and Upper Devonian, southwestern Pennsylvania, Devonian shales of South-central Pennsylvania and Maryland Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists No. 44, [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA],, p. 18-37.

HASSON, K.O., 1972, Stratigraphy and structure of the Harrell Shale and part of the Mahantango Formation between Bedford, Pennsylvania and Scherr, West Virginia, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Structure of Silurian and Devonian Rocks along the Allegheny Front in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, Maryland, and Mineral and Grant Counties, West Virginia Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 81-89.

HASSON, K.O., and DENNISON, J.M., 1977, Devonian Harrell and Millboro shales in parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia and Virginia, in Schott, G.L., Overbey, W.K., Jr.,

Hunt, A.E., and Komar, C.A., eds., Preprints, First Eastern gas shales symposium, U. S. Energy Res. Dev. Adm., Morgantown Energy Res. Cent., Morgantown, WV, p. 476-483.

HASSON, K.O., and DENNISON, J.M., 1979, Devonian shale stratigraphy between Perry Bay and the Fulton Lobe, South-central Pennsylvania and Maryland, Devonian shales of South-central Pennsylvania and Maryland Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists no., p. 1-17.

HASSON, K.O., and DENNISON, J.M., 1983, Devonian Harrell and Millboro shales in parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia and Virginia, in Schott, G.L., Overbey, W.K., Jr., Hunt, A.E., and Komar, C.A., eds., Preprints, First Eastern gas shales symposium, U. S. Energy Res. Dev. Adm., Morgantown Energy Res. Cent., Morgantown, WV, p. 476-483.

HASSON, K.O., and DENNISON, J.M., 1988, Devonian shale lithostratigraphy, Central Appalachians, U.S.A, in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the world; proceedings of the Second international symposium on the Devonian System; Volume II, Sedimentation Memoir - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists 14, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB, Canada, p. 157-177.

HEAD, J.W., III, 1970, The Keyser limestone at New Creek, West Virginia; an illustration of Appalachian early Devonian depositional basin evolution, in Donaldson, A.C., ed., Some Appalachian coals and carbonates; models of ancient shallow-water deposition, West Virginia Geol. Econ. Surv., Morgantown, WV, p. 323-337.

HEAD, J.W., 1974, Correlation and Paleogeography of Upper Part of Helderberg Group (Lower Devonian) of Central Appalachians: AAPG Bulletin, v. 58, p. 247-259.

HEALD, M.T., and ANDEREGG, R.C., 1960, Differential cementation in the Tuscarora sandstone [Virginia-West Virginia]: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 30, p. 568-577.

HECKEL, P.H., 1966, Apparent structural control of Tully Limestone deposition in the Devonian Catskill delta complex of New York State, Special Paper - Geological Society of America.

HECKEL, P.H., 1969, Devonian Tully Limestone in Pennsylvania and comparison to tyoe Tully Limestone in New York: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Bulletin IC60, p. 1-33.

HECKEL, P.H., 1973, Nature, origin, and significance of the Tully limestone; an anomalous unit in the Catskill Delta, Devonian of New York: [Boulder, Colo.], Geological Society of America, xv, 244 p.

HECKEL, P.H., 1994, Evaluation of evidence for glacio-eustatic control over marine Pennsylvanian cyclothems in North America and consideration of possible tectonic effects, in Dennison, J., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 65-87.

HELFRICH, C.T., 1975, Silurian conodonts from Wills Mountain Anticline, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland: Special Paper - Geological Society of America no. 161 (1975), p. 82.

HELFRICH, C.T., 1978, A conodont fauna from the Keyser Limestone of Virginia and West Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 1133-1142.

HELFRICH, C.T., 1980, Late Ilandovery-early Wenlock conodonts from the upper part of the Rose Hill and the basal part of the Mifflintown formations, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland: Journal of Paleontology, v. 54, p. 557-569.

HELFRICH, C.T., 1980, Late Llandovery-early Wenlock conodonts from the upper part of the Rose Hill and the basal part of the Mifflintown Formations, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland: Journal of Paleontology, v. 54, p. 557-569.

HELLER, P.L., KOMAR, P.D., and PEVEAR, D.R., 1980, Transport processes in ooid genesis: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, p. 943-951.

HETTINGER, R.D., 2001, Subsurface correlations and sequence stratigraphic interpretations of Lower Silurian strata in the Appalachian Basin of Northeast Ohio, Southwest New York, and Northwest Pennsylvania, Geologic Investigations Series - U. S. Geological Survey (2001), Reston, VA, U. S. Geological Survey, p. 22 . 1 sheet.

HEYMAN, L., 1977, Tully (Middle Devonian) to Queenston (Upper Ordovician) correlations in the subsurface of western Pennsylvania: Mineral Resource Report no. 73 (1977), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 16 p.

HOAR, F.G., and BOWEN, Z.P., 1967, Brachiopoda and stratigraphy of the Rondout Formation in

the Rosendale Quadrangle, southeastern New York: Journal of Paleontology, v. 41, p. 1-36.

HOFFACKER, B.F., JR., 1948, The western extent of the Catskill red beds, facies in western Pennsylvania.

HOFFMAN, R.B., 1984, Depositional environment and regional correlation of the Ridgeley Member of the Old Port Formation: The Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 19th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 24.

HOLBROOK, P.W., 1971, The sedimentology and pedology of the Mauch Chunk Formation (Mississippian) at Pottsville (Schuylkill County), Pennsylvania and their climatic implications [unpublished Master's thesis]: Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, 111 p.

HONESS, A.P., and JEFFRIES, C.D., 1940, Authigenic albite from the Lowville limestone at Bellefonte, Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 10, p. 12-18.

HONG, E., 1989, Petrographic evidence on the paleoclimate and provenance of the Catskill, Pocono, and Pottsville formations, southeastern Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 99 p.

HONG, E., and WILLIAMS, E.G., 1996, Petrographic evidence on the provenance and paleoclimate of the Catskill, Pocono and Pottsville formations, southeastern Pennsylvania: Journal of the Geological Society of China, v. 39, p. 87-104.

HOOVER, A.R., MAGENDANZ, L.A., and PATZKOWSKY, M.E., 1995, Stratigraphic architecture of deep ramp carbonates; implications for accumulation of K-bentonites, Middle Ordovician, central Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 30th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 55.

HOQUE, M., 1975, Paleocurrent and paleoslope; a case study: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 17, p. 77-85.

HOQUE, M.U., 1968, Sedimentologic and paleocurrent study of Mauch Chunk sandstones (Mississippian), south-central and western Pennsylvania: The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 52, p. 246-263.

HORNE, J.C., and FERM, J.C., 1978, Carboniferous depositional environments in the Pocahontas Basin, eastern Kentucky and southern West Virginia; a field guide: (0000), Columbia, S.C., Univ. S.C., 129 p.

HOROWITZ, D.H., 1966, Evidence for deltaic origin of an Upper Ordovician sequence in the central Appalachians, in Shirley, M.L., ed., Deltas in their geologic framework: Houston, Texas, Houston Geological Society, p. 159-169.

HOROWITZ, D.H., 1971, Diagenetic significance of color boundary between Juniata and Bald Eagle formations, Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 41, p. 1134-1136.

HOSKINS, D.M., 1960, The stratigraphy and paleontology of the Silurian Bloomsburg Formation (red beds) of Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, 241 p.

HOSKINS, D.M., 1961, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Bloomsburg Formation of Pennsylvania and adjacent states: (1961), 125 p.

HOSKINS, D.M., 1963, A provisional Silurian to Mississippian rock-stratigraphic column for central Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Academy of Science Proceedings, v. 37, p. 199-205.

HOSKINS, D.M., 1970, Alternative interpretation of the Catskill-Pocono contact in the anthracite area of Pennsylvania: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 25.

HOSKINS, D.M., ARNDT, H.H., WOOD, G.H., JR., CONLIN, R.R., DYSON, J.L., and TREXLER, J.P., 1963, Lithology, subdivision and correlation of the Catskill Formation in east-central Pennsylvania, p. 147-163.

HOSKINS, D.M., and CONLIN, R.R., 1958, Invertebrate fossils from the Bloomsburg Formation of central Pennsylvania: Pa. Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 32, p. 156-161.

HOSTERMAN, J.W., and WHITLOW, S.I., 1983, Clay mineralogy of Devonian shales in the Appalachian Basin: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1298, p. 1-31.

HOSTERMAN, J.W., WOOD, G.H., JR., and BERGIN, M.J., 1970, Mineralogy of underclays in the Pennsylvania Anthracite region, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-C:

Geological Survey Research 1970: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, p. C89-C97.

HOUSE, M.R., and KIRCHGASSER, W.T., 1993, Devonian goniatite biostratigraphy and timing of facies movements in the Frasnian of eastern North America, Geological Society London; Special Publication 70, p. 267-292.

HOUSEKNECHT, D.W., 1979, Petrology and stratigraphy of some Pottsville quartzites and graywackes of West Virginia [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 255 p.

HOUSEKNECHT, D.W., 1988, Intergranular pressure solution in four quartzose sandstones: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 58, p. 228-246.

HUDSON, T.W., and MAYNARD, J.B., 1988, Occurrence and composition of chamosite from Clinton ironstones in the southern Appalachian Valley and Ridge: Geological Society of America, 22nd annual meeting, North-Central Section; abstracts with programs 1988 Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 350.

HUMPHREYS, M., and FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1975, Late Devonian Catskill deltaic complex in north-central Pennsylvania.

HUMPHREYS, M., and FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1981, Uranium concentrations in Upper Devonian clastic rocks of North-central Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 3, p. 138-143.

HUNTER, R.E., 1969, Eolian microridges on modern beaches and a possible ancient example: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 39, p. 1573-1578.

HUNTER, R.E., 1970, The Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau; stratigraphy and sedimentation; facies of iron sedimentation in the Clinton Group, in Fisher, G.W., Pettijohn, F.J., Reed, J.C., Jr., and Weaver, K.N., eds., Studies of Appalachian geology, central and southern, Intersci. Publ., New York, NY, p. 101-121.

HUNTER, R.E., 1970, Facies of iron sedimentation in the Clinton Group, in Fisher, G.W., Pettijohn, F.J., Read, C.B., and Weaver, K.N., eds., Studies of Appalachian geology, central and southern, Interscience Publishers, p. 101-121.

HUSCH, J.M., and HOZIK, M.J., 1988, Mesozoic diabases along the Delaware River; a road log for a half-day field trip, in Husch, J.M., and Hozik, M.J., eds., Geology of the central Newark Basin Annual Field Conference - Geological Association of New Jersey 5 (1988), Geological Association of New Jersey, [Newark, NJ], p. 291-331.

INGRAM, R.J., 1954, A sedimentary analysis of the Oriskany Sandstone, central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

INNERS, J.D., 1975, Middle Devonian fossils at Shadle, Snyder County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 6, p. 7-10.

INNERS, J.D., 1975, The stratigraphy and paleontology of the Onesquethaw Stage in Pennsylvania and adjacent states [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 737 p.

INNERS, J.D., 1979, The Onesquethaw Stage in South-central Pennsylvania and nearby areas, Devonian shales of South-central Pennsylvania and Maryland Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 38-55.

INNERS, J.D., 1981, Geology and mineral resources of the Bloomsburg and Mifflinville quadrangles and part of the Catawissa Quadrangle, Columbia County, Pennsylvania: Altas - Pennsylvania. Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey 164cd (1981), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, 152 p.

INNERS, J.D., 1984, Spiral feeding-organ supports preserved in the brachiopod Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton), Rockville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 15, p. 9-12.

INNERS, J.D., 1984, A Niagaran (Mid-Silurian) patch reef near Allenwood, Union County: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 15, p. 12-16.

INNERS, J.D., 1985, Ricketts Glenn State Park, Luzerne County; the rocks, the glens, and the falls, Park Guide - Pennsylvania Geological Survey 13 (0000), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, p. 1 sheet.

INNERS, J.D., 1985, Chlorite-replaced fossils in Union County: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 16, p. 7-10.

INNERS, J.D., 1988, The eastern Middle Anthracite Field, in Inners, J.D., ed., Bedrock and glacial

geology of the north branch Susquehannah Lowland and the eastern Middle Anthracite Field Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 1988 (1988), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 32-39.

INNERS, J.D., 1988, Favositid patch reef, Early Silurian, Allenwood, Pennsylvania, U.S.A, in Geldsetzer, H.H.J., James, N.P., and Tebbutt, G.E., eds., Reefs; Canada and adjacent areas Memoir - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists 13 (198812), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB, Canada, p. 316-318.

INNERS, J.D., 1989, "Clams Mahantango and escargots to go," Perry County style: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 20, p. 9-12.

INNERS, J.D., 1999, Metallic mineral deposits; sedimentary and metasedimentary iron deposits, The Geology of Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Geologic Survey of Pennsylvania, p. 556-565.

INNERS, J.D., and DALY, P.J., 1979, Ladder-back ripples in the Catskill Formation: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 10, p. 7-12.

INNERS, J.D., and FABINY, J.M., 1997, Stop 1; PA 29 roadcut near Ashley; coalbeds and calcrete in the upper Llewellyn Formation, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 80-87.

INNERS, J.D., and HESS, E.D., 1975, Invertebrate fossils in the upper Mahantango Formation, Suedberg, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 6, p. 8-10.

INNERS, J.D., and NORK, D.M., 1983, Prolific corals and other fossils of Devonian age at the Lesh Borrow Pit, Perry County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 14, p. 10-15.

INNERS, J.D., and WILLIAMS, J.H., 1983, Clinton iron-ore mines of the Danville-Bloomsburg area, Pennsylvania; their geology, history, and present-day environmental effects, Silurian depositional history and Alleghanian deformation in the Pennsylvania Valley and Ridge Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 53-63.

JENNINGS, J.R., 1985, Fossil plants from the Mauch Chunk Formation of Pennsylvania; morphology of Adiantites antiquus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, p. 1146-1157.

JERZ, J.K., 1994, Genesis and diagenesis of oolitic ironstones in the Mahantango Formation (Middle Devonian) of the Susquehanna Valley region in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 29th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 26.

JOHNSON, K.G., 1968, Basal Upper Devonian alluvial and infralittoral paleoenvironments in east-central New York State.

JOHNSON, K.G., 1970, Transitional sedimentary facies of the Catskill deltaic system in eastern New York State.

JOHNSON, K.G., 1987, Strand-line facies of the Catskill tectonic delta complex (Middle and Upper Devonian) in eastern New York State.

JOHNSON, N.G., 1984, Early Silurian palynomorphs from the Tuscarora Formation in central Pennsylvania and their paleobotanical and geological significance, 97 p.

JOHNSON, N.G., 1984, Early Silurian palynomorphs from the Tuscarora Formation in central Pennsylvania and their paleobotanical and geological significance [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 97 p.

JOHNSON, N.G., 1985, Early Silurian palynomorphs from the Tuscarora Formation in central Pennsylvania and their paleobotanical and geological significance: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 45, p. 307-360.

JOHNSON, N.G., TRAVERSE, A., and STROTHER, P.K., 1983, Plant microfossils from the Lower Silurian Tuscarora Formation at Mill Hall, Pennsylvania.

KAISER, W.R., 1972, Delta cycles in the Middle Devonian of central Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 240 p.

KALLINI, K.D., and GIERLOWSKI-KORDESCH, E.H., 1998, Pennsylvanian lacustrine limestones in continental cyclothems of the northern Appalachian Basin.

KASZNICA, J.M., 1986, A conularid from the Mahantango Formation; first document report: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 17, p. 13-16.

KAY, G.M., 1944, Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania; Part 1, Chazyan and earlier

Mohawkian (Black River) formations; Part 2, Later Mohawkian (Trenton) formations: Journal of Geology, v. 52, p. 1-23.

KEITH, C.C., and HALL, J.C., 1990, Conodont age determination of the Orthorhyncula Zone in Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks of the Virginia and West Virginia Valley and Ridge: Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 39th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 21.

KENT, D.V., 1985, Paleocontinental setting for the Catskill Delta, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America (GSA), p. 9-13.

KENT, D.V., 1988, Further paleomagnetic evidence for oroclinal rotation in the central folded Appalachians from the Bloomsburg and the Mauch Chunk formations: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 749-759.

KENT, D.V., and MILLER, J.D., 1988, New perspectives from paleomagnetism; Paleozoic drift and Appalachian tectonics: Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University Yearbook, p. 12-17.

KENT, D.V., and OPDYKE, N.D., 1985, Multicomponent magnetizations from the Mississippian Mauch Chunk Formation of the Central Appalachians and their tectonic implications: JGR. Journal of Geophysical Research. B, v. 90, p. 5371-5383.

KIRCHGASSER, W.T., 1985, Ammonoid horizons in the Upper Devonian Genesee Formation of New York; legacy of the Genesee, Portage, and Chemung, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America (GSA), p. 225-235.

KIRCHGASSER, W.T., 2000, Correlation of stage boundaries in the Appalachian Devonian eastern United States: Courier Firsch.-Institut Senckenberg, v. 225, p. 271-284.

KNOWLES, R.R., and OPDYKE, N.D., 1968, Paleomagnetic results from the Mauch Chunk Formation; a test of the origin of curvature in the folded Appalachians of Pennsylvania: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 73, p. 6515-6526.

KNOX, L.W., and GORDON, E.A., 1999, Ostracodes as indicators of brackish water environments in the Catskill magnafacies (Devonian) of New York State: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 148, p. 9-22.

KOCH, W.F., II, 1980, Brachiopod community paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and depositional topography of the Devonian Onondaga Limestone and correlative strata in eastern North America: Lethaia, v. 14, p. 83-103.

KOCHANOV, W., 1997, Stop 5; The Elmhurst Boulevard pit and "the stumps"; fossil plants and the remains of a Mississippian paleoforest in the Mauch Chunk Formation, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 111-119.

KOCHANOV, W.E., and INNERS, J.D., 1993, Sea lilies, corals, and lamp shells in a fossilized Devonian "garden," Northumberland County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 24, p. 7-12.

KRAMERS, J.W., and FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1986, The Centerfield Limestone and its clastic correlatives (Middle Devonian, New York): a sedimentologic analysis: Northeastern Geology, v. 8, p. 66-90.

KRESSEL, M.D., SHALIS, J.R., and WEGWEISER, A.E., 1993, Stop 5; Fossil fish, ichnofossils, and sedimentary structures of the Shaffer Run-Wills Creek confluence section, southeastern Somerset County, Pennsylvania, Geology of the southern Somerset County region, southwestern Pennsylvania, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 102-116.

KRYNINE, P.D., 1946, From the Cambrian to the Silurian near State College and Tyrone: Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 12 (1946), [Harrisburg, PA], [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], 32 p.

KRYNINE, P.D., and TUTTLE, O.F., 1941, Bellefonte sandstone; example of tectonic sedimentation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 52, p. 1918.

LACEY, J.E., 1960, Cyclic sedimentation in the Silurian Wills Creek and Tonolomy formations at Mount Union, Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

LACEY, J.E., 1989, Cyclic sedimentation in the Silurian Wills Creek and Tonolomy formations at

Mount Union, Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

LAKATOS, S., and MILLER, D.S., 1983, Fission-track analysis of apatite and zircon defines a burial depth of 4 to 7 km for lowermost Upper Devonian, Catskill Mountains, New York: Geology, v. 11, p. 103-104.

LASH, G.G., 1984, Density-modified grain-flow deposits from an Early Paleozoic passive margin: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, p. 557-562.

LASH, G.G., 1985, Accretion-related deformation of an ancient (early Paleozoic) trench-fill deposit, central Appalachian orogen: Geological Socety of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 1167-1178.

LASH, G.G., 1986, Sedimentologic and geochemical evidence for Middle Ordovician near-trench volcanism in the central Appalachian orogen: Journal of Geology, v. 94, p. 91-107.

LASH, G.G., 1986, Possible significance of Early Paleozoic fluctuations in bottom current intensity, northwest Iapetus Ocean: Paleoceanography, v. 1, p. 119-135.

LASH, G.G., 1987, Geodynamic evolution of the lower Paleozoic central Appalachian foreland basin, in Beaumont, C., and Tankard, A.J., eds., Sedimentary basins and basin-forming mechanisms Atlantic Geoscience Society Special Publication 5 (198712), Atlantic Geoscience Society, Halifax, NS, Canada, p. 413-423.

LASH, G.G., 1987, Sedimentology and possible paleoceanographic significance of mudstone turbidites and associated deposits of the Pen Argyl Member, Martinsburg Formation (Upper Ordovician), eastern Pennsylvania: Sedimentary Geology, v. 54, p. 113-135.

LASH, G.G., 1988, Middle and Late Ordovician shelf activation and foredeep evolution, Central Appalachian Orogen, in Keith, B.D., ed., The Trenton Group (Upper Ordovician Series) of eastern North America; deposition, diagenesis, and petroleum AAPG Studies in Geology 29 (1988), American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, p. 37-53.

LASH, G.G., 1988, Sedimentology and evolution of the Martinsburg Formation (Upper Ordovician) fine-grained turbidite depositional system, Central Appalachians: Sedimentology, v. 35, p. 429-447.

LASH, G.G., 1990, The Shochary Ridge sequence, southeastern Pennsylvania; a possible Ordovician piggyback basin fill: Sedimentary Geology, v. 68, p. 39-53.

LASH, G.G., and DRAKE, A.A., JR., 1984, The Richmond and Greenwich slices of the Hamburg Klippe in eastern Pennsylvania - stratigraphy, sedimentology, structure, and plate tectonic implications: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1312, p. 1-40.

LASH, G.G., LYTTLE, P.T., and EPSTEIN, J.B., 1984, Geology of an accreted terrane: the eastern Hamburg Klippe and surrounding rocks, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, 49th Annual, Guidebook, 151 p.

LAUGHREY, C.D., 1983, Lower Silurian clastics in the subsurface of northwestern Pennsylvania, in Nickelsen, R.P., and Cotter, E., eds., Silurian depositional history and Alleghanian deformation in the Pennsylvania Valley and Ridge, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, 48th Annual, Guidebook, p. 89-98.

LAUGHREY, C.D., 1984, Petrology and reservoir characteristics of the Lower Silurian Medina Group sandstones, Athens and Geneva Fields, Crawford County, Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Resource Report 85, p. 1-126.

LAUGHREY, C.D., 1994, Sedimentary evaporites in the Gatesburg Formation of central Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 25, p. 10-15.

LAUGHREY, C.D., and BALDASSARE, F.J., 1998, Geochemistry and origin of some natural gases in the Plateau Province, Central Appalachian Basin, Pennsylvania and Ohio: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, p. 317-335.

LAUGHREY, C.D., and HARPER, R.M., 1996, Play Obe; Upper Ordovician Bald Eagle Formation fractured anticlinal play, in Roen, J.B., and Walker, B.J., eds., The atlas of major Appalachian gas plays Publication - West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey (1996), West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Morgantown, WV, p. 164-167.

LAUGHREY, C.D., LEADER, HARPER, J.A., KAKTINS, U., BREZINSKI, D.K., and IRANPANAH, A., 1989, Stop Conemaugh Gorge through Laurel Hill; Mississippian and Devonian

stratigraphy, depositional systems, and structures, in Harper, J.A., ed., Geology in the Laurel Highlands of southwestern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 54 (1989), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 182-211.

LEA, I., 1856, On fossils from the New Red Sandstone Formation of Pennsylvania: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of, v. Philadelphia, p. 77-78.

LEEPER, W.S., 1963, Interpretation of primary bedding structures in Mississippian and Upper Devonian rocks of southeastern Somerset County, Pennsylvania, p. 165-181.

LEEPER, W.S., 1963, Interpretation of primary bedding structures in Mississippian and Upper Devonian rocks of southeastern Somerset County, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. (General Geology Rept.) G 39, p. 165-181.

LEES, J.A., 1967, Stratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician Axemann Limestone in central Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey General Geology Report G52, p. 1-79.

LEHMAN, D., and POPE, J.K., 1989, Upper Ordovician tempestites from Swatara Gap, Pennsylvania; depositional processes affecting the sediments and paleoecology of the fossil faunas: Palaios, v. 4, p. 553-564.

LEHMANN, D., 1988, The paleoecology of the Swatara Gap fauna: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 19, p. 7-11.

LEHMANN, D.F., 1986, Paleontology and paleoecology of the Upper Ordovician Martinsburg Formation, Swatara Gap, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania [unpublished Ohio thesis]: Miami University, 150 p.

LEON, R.R., 1985, Provenance of sandstone in the Upper Ordovician Bald Eagle and Juniata formations, central Pennsylvania; implications for tectonic setting [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 137 p.

LESURE, F.G., MOTOOKA, J.M., and WEIS, P.L., 1977, Exploration geochemical studies of some sandstone copper-uranium deposits, Bradford, Columbia, and Lycoming counties, Pennsylvania: Journal of Research of the U. S. Geological Survey, v. 5, p. 609-621.

LEUTZE, W.P., 1960, Silurian eurypterids from West Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 34, p. 1023-1026.

LEVINE, J.R., 1986, Deep burial of coal-bearling strata, Anthracite region, Pennsylvania: Sedimentation or tectonics: Geology, v. 14, p. 577-580.

LEVINE, J.R., EDITOR, SLINGERLAND, R., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1990, Alleghanian foreland basin deposits at Pottsville, PA, in Slingerland, R., Furlong, K.P., and leader, eds., Sedimentation and basin analysis in siliciclastic rock sequences; Volume 2, Sedimentology and thermal-mechanical history of basins in the Central Appalachian Orogen, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, p. 59-62 Book Collection Field trips for the 28th international geological congress.

LEVINE, J.R., FRIEDMAN, G.M., and SANDERS, J.E., 1983, Time-temperature-burial significance of Devonian anthracite implies former great ( approximately 6.5 km) depth of burial of Catskill Mountains, New York; discussion and reply: Geology, v. 11, p. 122-125.

LEVINE, J.R., and SLINGERLAND, R., 1987, Upper Mississippian to Middle Pennsylvanian stratigraphic section, Pottsville, Pennsylvania, in Roy, D.C., ed., Northeastern section of the Geological Society of America Collation: 6, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, CO, p. 59-64 Book Collection Centennial field guide 6.

LIEBLING, R.S., and SCHERP, H.S., 1982, Late-Ordovician/Early-Silurian hiatus at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in eastern Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 4, p. 17-19.

LIGHTNER, J., and WHISONANT, R.C., 1983, Petrography of some orthoquartzites from the Keefer Formation (Silurian), Montgomery and Giles counties, southwestern Virginia: Southeastern Geology, v. 24, p. 91-99.

LINDHOLM, R.C., 1982, Flat stratification; two ancient examples: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 52, p. 227-231.

LINN, E.H., 1998, A review of Cambrian-Ordovician reservoir qualities in Northwest Pennsylvania and Southwest New York: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 20, p. 157-170.

LU, G., MCCABE, C., HENRY, D.J., and SCHEDL, A., 1994, Origin of hematite carrying a late Paleozoic remagnetization in a quartz sandstone bed from the Silurian Rose Hill Formation, Virginia, USA: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 126, p. 235-246.

LUCAS, S.G., and HUBER, P., 1993, Revised internal correlation of the Newark Supergroup Triassic, Eastern United States and Canada, in Lucas, S.G., and Morales, M., eds., The nonmarine Triassic Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 3 (199310), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM, p. 311-319.

LUCEY, J.A.I.V., 1994, The sedimentology of the marine-to-continental transition in Central Pennsylvania during Late Ordovician time [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 166 p.

LUCEY, J.A.I.V., 1994, The sedimentology of the marine-to-continental transition in Central Pennsylvania during Late Ordovician time [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 166 p.

LUNDEGARD, P.D., SAMUELS, N.D., and PRYOR, W.A., 1985, Upper Devonian turbidite sequence, central and southern Appalachian Basin; contrasts with submarine fan deposits, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America, p. 107-121.

LUTTRELL, E.M., 1970, An analysis of the Silurian Keefer Sandstone of Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 111 p.

LYKE, W.L., 1986, The stratigraphy, paleogeography, depositional environment, faunal communities, and general petrology of the Minnehaha Springs member of the Scherr formation, an Upper Devonian turbidite sequence, central Appalachians: Southeastern Geology, v. 26, p. 173-192.

LYON, A.M., and HANGER, R.A., 1998, Brachiopod epiboles of the Silurian-Devonian Keyser Limestone, central Appalachian Basin: Geological Society of America, 1998 annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 35-36.

MACAULEY, G.R., JR., 1952, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Lower Ordovician Axemann Limestone of Kishacoquillas and Nittany valleys, central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 112 p.

MAKURATH, J.H., 1975, The sedimentology and paleoecology of the Keyser Limestone (Silurian-Devonian) of the central Appalachians [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 110 p.

MAKURATH, J.H., 1977, Marine faunal assemblages in the Silurian-Devonian Keyser Limestone of the Central Appalachians: Lethaia, v. 10, p. 235-256.

MANSPEIZER, W., 1983, Proto-Atlantic pull-apart basins along the South Atlas-40 degrees N fracture zone, Morocco and North America, Colloque sur le Permien et le Trias du Maroc Translated: Colloquium on the Permian and Triassic of Morocco Bulletin de la Faculte des Sciences, Marrakech, [Faculte des Sciences, Section Sciences de la Terre], Marrakech, Morocco, p. 61-68.

MANSPEIZER, W., and OLSEN, P.E., 1992, Rift basins of the passive margin; tectonics, organic-rich lacustrine sediments, basin analyses, in Hobbs, G.W., ed., Field guide to the geology of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary rocks of New Jersey and the central Hudson Valley, Pet. Explor. Soc. N.Y., New York, NY, p. 25-103.

MARTINO, R.L., and ZAPECZA, O.S., 1978, Rusophycus in the Late Silurian High Falls Formation of northwestern New Jersey: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 48, p. 185-192.

MATTER, A., 1967, Tidal flat deposits in the Ordovician of western Maryland: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 37, p. 601-809.

MATTHEWS, M.E., and EVANS, J.E., 2000, Depositional environment of the Devonian-Mississippian Spechty Kopf Formation: Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 35th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 41.

MAURIELLO, D.J., GOODWIN, P.W., and ANDERSON, E.J., 1994, Milankovitch control on the stratigraphic positioning of iron beds within the Clinton Group: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 29th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs -

Geological Society of America, p. 59-60. MAYNARD, J.B., 1991, Iron; syngenetic deposition controlled by the evolving ocean-atmosphere

system, in Force, E.R., Eidel, J.J., and Maynard, J.B., eds., Sedimentary and diagenetic mineral deposits; a basin analysis approach to exploration Reviews in Economic Geology 5 (1991), Society of Economic Geologists, Socorro, NM, p. 141-145.

MCBRIDE, E.F., 1962, Flysch and associated beds of the Martinsburg Formation (Ordovician, central Appalachians: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 32, p. 39-91.

MCBRIDE, E.F., 1973, Concepts of Appalachian Basin sedimentation, in Ginsburg, R.N., ed., Evolving concepts in sedimentology: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press, Studies in Geology 21, p. 93-117.

MCCAVE, I.N., 1966, Facies relationships in a transgressive phase during the development of the Catskill complex, New York, Geological Society of America.

MCCAVE, I.N., 1968, Shallow and marginal marine sediments associated with the Catskill complex in the Middle Devonian of New York, Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic continental sedimentation, northeastern North America--A symposium, Geological Society of America, p. 75-107.

MCCULLEN, K.F., 1995, Comparative sedimentology of the Gatesburg Formation, south-central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: SUNY at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 149 p.

MCGHEE, G.R., JR., 1976, Late Devonian benthic marine communities of the central Appalachian Allegheny Front: Lethaia, v. 9, p. 111-136.

MCGHEE, G.R., JR., BAYER, U., and FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1985, The local signature of sea-level changes, p. 98-112.

MCGHEE, G.R., JR., and SUTTON, R.G., 1981, Late Devonian marine ecology and zoogeography of the central Appalachians and New York: Lethaia, v. 14, p. 27-43.

MCGHEE, G.R., JR., and SUTTON, R.G., 1983, Evolution of late Frasnian (Late Devonian) marine environments in New York and the central Appalachians: Alcheringa, v. 7, p. 9-21.

MCGHEE, G.R., JR., and SUTTON, R.G., 1985, Late Devonian marine ecosystems of the lower West Falls Group in New York, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America, p. 199-209.

MCIVER, N.L., 1970, Appalachian turbidites, in Fisher, G.W., Pettijohn, F.J., Reed, J.C., Jr., and Weaver, K.N., eds., Studies of Appalachian geology, central and southern, Interscience Publishers, p. 69-81.

MECKEL, L.D., 1967, Origin of Pottsville conglomerates (Pennsylvanian) in the central Appalachians: Geological Socety of America Bulletin, v. 78, p. 223-258.

MECKEL, L.D., 1970, Paleozoic alluvial deposition in the central Appalachians: A summary, in Fisher, G.W., Pettijohn, F.J., Reed, J.C., Jr., and Weaver, K.N., eds., Studies of Appalachian geology, central and southern, Interscience Publishers, p. 49-67.

MEHRTENS, C.J., 1989, Bioclastic turbidites in the Trenton Limestone: Significance and criteria for recognition, in Keith, B.D., ed., The Trenton Group (Upper Ordovician Series) of eastern North America: Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology No. 29, p. 87-112.

MENCHER, E., 1938, Sedimentary study of the (Devonian) Catskill facies in New York State, 164 p.

MENCHER, E., 1939, Catskill facies of New York State: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 50, p. 1761-1793.

MESOLELLA, K.J., 1978, Paleogeography of some Silurian and Devonian reef trends, central Appalachian Basin: AAPG Bulletin, v. 62, p. 1607-1644.

METCALF, W.L., 1993, Old Port Formation (Lower Devonian) K-bentonites in the Appalachian Basin provide a caution against using PAC surfaces as time-lines: Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 27th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 67.

METZ, R., 1995, Ichnologic study of the Lockatong Formation (Late Triassic), Newark Basin, southeastern Pennsylvania: Ichnos (Chur, Switzerland), v. 4, p. 43-51.

MEYER, H., 1963, Petrography of the Catskill facies in three localities from central Pennsylvania, p. 127-146.

MEYER, S.C., 1987, Origin of the Keefer Sandstone (Middle Silurian) of northeastern West Virginia and western Maryland [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 173 p.

MEYER, S.C., 1988, Origins of ferriferous ooids, Keefer Sandstone (Middle Silurian), northeastern West Virginia and western Maryland: SEPM annual midyear meeting; abstracts Abstracts - SEPM Midyear Meeting, v. 5, p. 36.

MEYER, S.C., 1990, Origins of chamosite and hematite ooid-bearing sandstone, Middle Silurian Keefer Sandstone, northeastern West Virginia and western Maryland: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 25th annual meeting; abstracts with programs Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 56.

MEYER, S.C., TEXTORIS, D.A., and DENNISON, J.M., Lithofacies of the Silurian Keefer Sandstone, east-central Appalachian basin, USA.

MEYER, S.C., TEXTORIS, D.A., and DENNISON, J.M., 1987, Sedimentology and petrography of the Keefer Sandstone (Middle Silurian) of northeastern West Virginia and western Maryland, in Shumaker, R.C., ed., Thirteenth Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, p. 59-77.

MEYER, S.C., TEXTORIS, D.A., and DENNISON, J.M., 1988, Origin of Middle Silurian Keefer Sandstone, east-central Appalachian Basin: AAPG Eastern Section meeting AAPG Bulletin, v. 72, p. 968-969.

MEYER, S.C., TEXTORIS, D.A., and DENNISON, J.M., 1992, Lithofacies of the Silurian Keefer Sandstone, east-central Appalachian basin, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 76, p. 187-206.

MILLER, C.E., JR., 1979, A reconnaissance survey of bryozoan distribution within the Keyser Limestone (Silurian-Devonian) of central Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 226 p.

MILLER, C.E., JR., 1982, Fossil collecting locality in the Keyser Formation at Mapleton, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 13, p. 4-7.

MILLER, D.J., and ERIKSSON, K.A., 1997, Late Mississippian prodeltaic rhythmites in the Appalachian Basin; a hierarchical record of tidal and climatic periodicities: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 67, p. 653-660.

MILLER, D.J., and ERIKSSON, K.A., 2000, Sequence stratigraphy of Upper Mississippian strata in the Central Appalachians; a record of glacioeustasy and tectonoeustasy in a foreland basin setting: AAPG Bulletin, v. 84, p. 210-233.

MILLER, D.N., JR., and FOLK, R.L., 1955, Occurrence of detrital magnetite and ilmenite in red sediments; new approach to significance of redbeds: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 39, p. 338-345.

MILLER, J.D., and KENT, D.V., 1986, Paleomagnetism of the Upper Devonian Catskill Formation from the southern limb of the Pennsylvania Salient; possible evidence of oroclinal rotation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 13, p. 1173-1176.

MILLER, J.D., and KENT, D.V., 1989, Paleomagnetism of the Upper Ordovician Juniata Formation of the Central Appalachians revisited again: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 94, p. 1843-1849.

MILLER, J.T., 1961, Geology and mineral resources of the Loysville Quadrangle, Pennsylvania, 47 p.

MILLER, J.T., and CONLIN, R.R., 1961, Upper Devonian rock stratigraphic nomenclature in Pennsylvania: American Journal of Science, v. 259, p. 784-790.

MILLER, M.F., 1971, Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Tonoloway and lower Keyser Formation [unpublished Master's thesis]: George Washington University, Washington, DC.

MILLER, M.F., 1979, Paleoenvironmental distribution of trace fossils in the Catskill deltaic complex, New York State: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 28, p. 117-141.

MILLER, M.F., and JOHNSON, K.G., 1977, Ichnofossils of the Tully clastic correlatives in eastern New York State.

MILLER, M.F., and JOHNSON, K.G., 1981, Spriophyton in alluvial-tidal facies of the Catskill deltaic complex: possible biological control of ichnofossil distribution: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 1016-1027.

MILLER, M.F., and WOODROW, D.L., 1991, Shoreline deposits of the Catskill deltaic complex, Schoharie Valley, New York, Dynamic stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian) in New York State, Part II, University of The State of New York, State Department of Education, p. 153-177.

MILLNER, E., and EVANS, J.E., 1997, Diagenesis in the Lockatong Formation (Upper Triassic), central part of the Newark Basin, Pennsylvania: The Compass, v. 73, p. 45-59.

MITCHELL, C.E., JOY, M.P., ADHYA, S., and DELANO, J.W., 1998, Onlap timing of the organic-rich Antes and Utica shales (Middle Ordovician) in the Taconic foredeep of Pennsylvania and New York; the role of tectonic subsidence and eustacy: Geological Society of America, 1998 annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 396.

MOORE, E.S., 1912, Siliceous oolites and other concretionary structures in the vicinity of State College, Pennsylvania: Journal of, v. Geology, p. 259-269.

MORA, C.I., DRIESE, S.G., and COLARUSSO, L.A., 1996, Middle to late Paleozoic atmospheric CO (sub 2) levels from soil carbonate and organic matter: Science, v. 271, p. 1105-1107.

MORA, C.I., DRIESE, S.G., and SEAGER, P.G., 1991, Carbon dioxide in the Paleozoic atmosphere; evidence from carbon-isotope compositions of pedogenic carbonate: Geology, v. 19, p. 1017-1020.

MORA, C.I., SHELDON, B.T., ELLIOTT, W.C., and DRIESE, S.G., 1998, An oxygen isotope study of illite and calcite in three Appalachian Paleozoic vertic Paleosols: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 68, p. 456-464.

MOSHIER, S.O., 1986, Carbonate platform sedimentology, Upper Cambrian Richland Formation, Lebanon Valley, Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 56, p. 204-216.

MURPHY, T.B., 1984, Diagenesis and porosity reduction of the Tuscarora Sandstone, central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master of Science thesis]: University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 104 p.

NEWCOMB, S., 1990, Ricketts Glen, the Allegheny Front, and waterfalls: Northeastern Geology, v. 12, p. 35-41.

NEWCOMB, S., 1995, Uranium in Pennsylvania, its past and present: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 17, p. 195-200.

NEWTON, C.R., 1979, Aerobic, disaerobic and anaerobic facies within the Needmore Shale (Lower to Middle Devonian), Devonian shales of South-central Pennsylvania and Maryland Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists no., p. 56-60.

NEWTON, C.R., 1983, Biofacies gradients in a Lower to Middle Devonian anoxic basin; an example from the Needmore Shale of the Virginias, Enriched: Proceedings of the Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates spring 1983 meeting Program ... Meeting. Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, p. 63-71.

NEWTON, C.R., and THOMPSON, J.B., 1985, Cyclic sedimentation in upwelling sediments of the Onesquethaw Stage, Virginia and West Virginia, Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates; program, fall meeting Program ... Meeting. Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, p. 9-18.

NICKELSEN, R.P., 1986, Cleavage duplexes in the Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian foreland: Journal of Structural Geology 8, no. 3-4 (1986), p. 361-371.

NICKELSEN, R.P., and COTTER, E., 1983, Silurian depositional history and Alleghanian deformation in the Pennsylvania Valley and Ridge, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Guidebook, 48th Annual Meeting, 192 p.

NICKEY, D.A., 1966, Ostracodes from the Middle Ordovician Nealmont Limestone of central Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 174 p.

NUELLE, L.M., and SHELTON, K.L., 1986, Geologic and geochemical evidence of possible bedded barite deposits in Devonian rocks of the Valley and Ridge Province, Appalachian Mountains: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 81, p. 1408-1430.

NUTTALL, B.C., 1996, The Middle and Upper Ordovician bioclastic carbonate ("Trenton") play in the Appalachian Basin, Information Circular - Kentucky Geological Survey (1996),

Lexington, KY, Kentucky Geological Survey, p. 21. OLEKSYSHYN, J., 1982, Fossil plants from the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania:

General Geology Report - Pennsylvania Geological Survey 72 (1982), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 157 p.

OLIVER, W.A., JR., 1989, An early Middle Devonian coral faunule from the Needmore Shale in south-central Pennsylvania and adjacent areas of West Virginia and Virginia, in Sando, W.J., ed., Shorter contributions to paleontology and stratigraphy U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin (1989), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, p. C1-C11.

OLIVER, W.A., JR., DE WITT JR, W., DENNISON, J., HOSKINS, D.M., and HUDDLE, J.W., 1971, Isopach and lithofacies maps of the Devonian in the Appalachian Basin: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Progress Report 182.

OLIVER, W.A., JR., and SORAUF, J.E., 1983, Devonian rugose corals of New York, in Sorauf, J.E., and Oliver, W.A., Jr., eds., Silurian and Devonian corals and stromatoporoids of New York; International Association for the Study of Fossil Cnidaria, State Univ. New York, Binghamton, NY, p. 35-51.

OLSEN, P.E., 1980, The latest Triassic and Early Jurassic formations of the Newark Basin (eastern North America, Newark Supergroup); stratigraphy, structure and correlation: Bulletin - New Jersey Academy of Science, v. 25, p. 25-51.

OLSEN, P.E., 1986, A 40-million-year lake record of early Mesozoic orbital climatic forcing: Science, v. 234, p. 842-848.

OLSEN, P.E., EDITOR, and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Newark Basin, Pennsylvania and New Jersey; Stop 5.7; Middle Lockatong Formation at Byram, NJ, in Olsen, P.E., Schlische, R.W., and Gore, P.J.W., eds., Sedimentation and basin analysis in siliciclastic rock sequences; Volume 2, Tectonic, depositional, and paleoecological history of early Mesozoic rift basins, eastern North America: Book Collection Field trips for the 28th international geological congress, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, p. 86-89.

OLSEN, P.E., and FLYNN, J.J., 1989, Field guide to the vertebrate paleontology of Late Triassic age rocks in the southwestern Newark Basin (Newark Supergroup, New Jersey and Pennsylvania): The Mosasaur, v. 4, Delaware Valley Paleontological Society, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 1-43 p.

OPDYKE, N.D., and DIVENERE, V.J., 1989, The motion of North America during the Middle Carboniferous and its use as a correlative tool, AGU 1989 spring meeting Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, p. 312.

PARIZEK, R.R., 1971, Hydrogeologic framework of folded and faulted carbonates, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of folded and faulted carbonate rocks of the Central Appalachian type and related land use problems Circular - Pennsylvania State University, Earth and Mineral Sciences Experiment Station, Pennsylvania State University, Earth and Mineral Sciences Experiment Station, University Park, PA, United States, p. 9-75.

PARKS, J.M., GALLAGHER, R.A., and COTTER, E., 1982, Tuscarora Sandstone (Silurian), central Pennsylvania; preliminary quantitative grain shape analyses of Cotter's (1982) facies; fluvial, estuarine, beach, and marine(?) shelf: AAPG Eastern Section meeting, in conjunction with New York State Geological Association meeting AAPG Bulletin, p. 1173.

PARRIS, D.C., CRUIKSHANK, K.M., and RICH, J.L., 1990, New biostratigraphic information on the Ordovician Martinsburg Formation of New Jersey and adjacent areas, Paleontology and stratigraphy of the lower Paleozoic deposits of the Delaware Water Gap area Annual Field Conference - Geological Association of New Jersey, Geological Association of New Jersey, [Newark, NJ], p. 21-59.

PASHIN, J.C., 1994, Flexurally influenced eustatic cycles in the Pottsville Formation (Lower Pennsylvanian), Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, in Dennison, J., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 89-105.

PASHIN, J.C., and ETTENSOHN, F.R., 1995, Reevaluation of the Bedford-Berea sequence in Ohio and adjacent states: forced regression in a foreland basin, Geological Society of America: Special Paper 298, p. 68p.

PATCHEN, D., and AVERY, K.L., 1982, Devonian black shales of western New York, in Buehler,

E.J., and Calkin, P.E., eds., Guidebook for field trips in western New York, northern Pennsylvania, and adjacent southern Ontario; geology of the northern Appalachian Basin, western New York Annual Meeting of the New York State Geological Association 54, New York State Geological Survey, p. 355-369.

PATCHEN, D., and SMOSNA, R., 1975, Stratigraphy and petrology of Middle Silurian McKenzie Formation in West Virginia: AAPG Bulletin, v. 59, p. 2266-2287.

PATZKOWSKY, M.E., HOLLAND, S.M., and VAN TASSELL, J., 1988, Upper Devonian Catskill Delta margin cyclic sedimentation; Brallier, Scherr, and Foreknobs formations of Virginia and West Virginia; discussion and reply: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 993-995.

PEDLOW, G.W., III, 1979, A depositional analysis of the anthracite coal basins of Pennsylvania, in Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Weisenfluh, G.A., and Staub, J.R., eds., Carboniferous depositional environments in the Appalachian region, Univ. S.C., Dep. Geol.; Carol. Coal Group, Columbia, S.C., p. 530-542.

PELLETIER, B.R., 1957, Pocono paleocurrents [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

PELLETIER, B.R., 1958, Pocono paleocurrents in Pennsylvania and Maryland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, p. 1033-1063.

PELLETIER, B.R., 1980, A sedimentological continuum occurring through geologic time; a study for students: Maritime Sediments, v. 16, p. 35-48.

PELTO, C.R., 1942, Petrology of the Gatesburg Formation of central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 60 p.

PEPPER, J.F., CLARK, S.H.B., and DE WITT JR, W., 1995, Nodules of diagenetic barite in Upper Devonian shales of western New York: US Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 1653, 11 p.

PERRY, E.D., KODAMA, K.P., and COTTER, E., 1991, Alleghanian (Permian) iron oxide formation and remagnetization of the Clinton Ironside (Silurian) in central Pennsylvania: GSA Northeastern Section, 26th annual meeting; Southeastern Section, 40th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 114.

PIOTROWSKI, R.G., KRAJEWSKI, S.A., and HEYMAN, L., 1977, Stratigraphy and gas occurrence in the Devonian organic rich shales of Pennsylvania, in Schott, G.L., Overbey, W.K., Jr., Hunt, A.E., and Komar, C.A., eds., Preprints, First Eastern gas shales symposium, U. S. Energy Res. Dev. Adm., Morgantown Energy Res. Cent., Morgantown, WV, p. 77-94.

PIRC, S., 1979, Uranium and other elements in the Catskill Formation of East-central Pennsylvania, 321 p.

PIRC, S., and ROSE, A.W., 1981, Uranium anomalies in paleo-aquifers near sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Devonian Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 15, p. 219-231.

PIRC, S., and ROSE, A.W., 1990, The abundance and distribution of antimony in red-beds of the Devonian Catskill Formation, eastern Pennsylvania, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 85, p. 321-328.

POPE, M.C., READ, J.F., BAMBACH, R.K., and HOFMANN, H.J., 1997, Late Middle to Late Ordovician seismites of Kentucky, Southwest Ohio and Virginia; sedimentary recorders of earthquakes in the Appalachian Basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 489-503.

POTTER, P.E., PRYOR, W.A., LUNDEGARD, P.D., SAMUELS, N.D., and MAYNARD, J.B., 1979, Devonian paleocurrents of the Appalachian Basin: Morgantown, West Virginia, United States Department of Energy Morgantown Energy Technology Center, p. 60.

POWELL, R.C., 1989, Field trip; Swatara Gap fossils: Rock & Gem, v. 19, p. 62-65. PRAVE, A.R., and DUKE, W.L., 1991, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphic framework of

the Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation in central Pennsylvania, in Schultz, A., and Compton-Gooding, E., eds., Geologic evolution of the Eastern United States; field trip guidebook NE-SE GSA 1991 Guidebook (Virginia Museum of Natural History) 2 (1991), Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, VA, p. 207-228.

PRAVE, A.R., DUKE, W.L., and SLATTERY, W., 1996, A depositional model for storm- and tide-influenced prograding siliciclastic shorelines from the Middle Devonian of the central Appalachian foreland basin, USA: Sedimentology, v. 43, p. 611-629.

PRESLEY, M.W., 1979, Facies and depositional systems of Upper Mississippian and Pennsylvanian strata in the Central Appalachians, in Donaldson, A., Presley, M.W., and Renton, J.J., eds., Carboniferous coal; short course and guidebook Bulletin - West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey no. B-37-1 (197911), West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Morgantown, WV, p. 1-50.

PRESLEY, M.W., and DONALDSON, A.C., 1984, Lower Pennsylvanian (Pottsville to Conemaugh) alluvial to delta-plain facies shift through time, Central Appalachians, in Geldsetzer, H.H.J., Nassichuk, W.W., Belt, E.S., and Macqueen, R.W., eds., Part 1, Atlantic Coast basins; Part 2, Paleogeography and paleotectonics; Part 3, Sedimentology and geochemistry Compte Rendu - Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere = International Congress on Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology. 9, no. 3 (1984), [publisher varies], [location varies], International, p. 393-406.

RAHMANIAN, V.D.K., 1979, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Devonian Catskill and uppermost Trimmers Rock formations in central Pennsylvania [unpublished Ph.D. thesis]: The Pennsylvania State University, 396 p.

RAMSDELL, R.C., and LUEDEMANN, L.W., 1978, The geology of northern New Jersey, including portions of eastern Pennsylvania in the vicinity of Delaware Water Gap: Guidebook - New Jersey Science Teachers Association, Earth Science Section, Annual Spring Meeting 1 (1978), New Jersey Science Teachers Association, Earth Science Section, 80 p.

READ, C.B., 1959, Floras of the Pocono Formation and Price Sandstone in parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper (1955), Reston, VA, U. S. Geological Survey, 32 p.

READ, J.F., 1989, Controls on evolution of Cambro-Ordovician passive margin, U.S. Appalachians, Carbonate platform and basin development, SEPM Special Publication No. 44: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 147-165.

REINHARDT, J., 1977, Cambrian off-shelf sedimentation, central Appalachians, in Cook, H.E., and Enos, P., eds., Deep-water carbonate environments: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication No. 25, p. 83-112.

RETALLACK, G.J., 1993, Late Ordovician Paleosols of the Juniata Formation near Potters Mills, PA, in Driese, S.G., Mora, C.I., Cotter, E., Fastovsky, D.E., and Retallack, G.J., eds., Paleosols, paleoclimate and paleoatmospheric CO (sub 2) ; Paleozoic Paleosols of central Pennsylvania Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 22 (199308), University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 33-50.

RETALLACK, G.J., 2001, Scoyenia burrows from Ordovician palaeosols of the Juniata Formation in Pennsylvania: Palaeontology, v. 44, p. 209-235.

RETALLACK, G.J., and FEAKES, C.R., 1987, Trace fossil evidence for Late Ordovician animals on land: Science, v. 235, p. 61-63.

RICE, C.L., and SCHWIETERING, J.F., 1988, Fluvial deposition in the central Appalachians during the Early Pennsylvanian, Evolution of sedimentary basins - Appalachian Basin: Washington, D.C., United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1839, p. B1-B10.

RICHARDS, R.P., 1994, Calcite crystals from the Old Faylor-Middlecreek Quarry, Winfield, Pennsylvania; crystal habits & twinning: Rocks and Minerals, v. 69, p. 260-270.

RICKARD, L.V., 1969, Stratigraphy of the Upper Silurian Salina Group, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Ontario: Albany, New York, New York State Museum and Science Service, Map and Chart Series No. 12.

ROBB, A.J., and CUFFEY, C.A., 1989, Fossil fish locality in the Catskill Formation (Upper Devonian) near Port Matilda, Centre County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 20, p. 2-8.

ROBERTS, W.P., and KITE, J.S., 1978, Syntectonic deposition of Lower to Middle Silurian sandstones, central Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: Virginia Minerals, v. 24, p. 1-5.

ROBINSON, R.A.J., and PRAVE, A.R., 1995, Cratonal contributions to a "classic" molasse; the

Carboniferous Pottsville Formation of eastern Pennsylvania revisited: Geology (Boulder), v. 23, p. 369-372.

ROBINSON, R.A.J., and SLINGERLAND, R.L., 1998, Origin of fluvial grain-size trends in a foreland basin; the Pocono Formation on the central Appalachian Basin: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 68, p. 473-486.

RODEHEAVER, J.S., 1992, Abundant and diverse fossils from the Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation, Mineral and Hampshire counties, West Virginia: The Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 69, p. 181-198.

RODEN, M.K., 1989, Apatite fission-track thermochronology of the central and southern Appalachian Basin [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, 225 p.

RODEN, M.K., and MILLER, D.S., 1989, Apatite fission-track thermochronology of the Pennsylvania Appalachian Basin, Appalachian geomorphology Geomorphology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, p. 39-51.

RODEN, M.K., PARRISH, R.R., and MILLER, D.S., 1990, The absolute age of the Eifelian Tioga ash bed, Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 282-285.

ROE, L.M., II, and MARTIN, T.S., 1982, Williamsport Quadrangle, Pennsylvania and New York, 24 p.

ROGERS, R.D., JR., 1939, A petrographic study of the (Upper Ordovician) Bald Eagle, Juniata, and (Lower Silurian) Tuscarora formations in central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

RONES, M., 1969, A lithostratigraphic, petrographic, and chemical investigation of the lower Middle Ordovician carbonate rocks in central Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Bulletin G53, p. 1-224.

ROOT, S.I., 1971, Geology and hydrogeology of the Harrisburg west area: Hydrogeology and geochemistry of folded and faulted carbonate rocks of the Central Appalachian type and related land use problems Circular - Pennsylvania State University, Earth and Mineral Sciences Experiment Station, v. 82, p. 1-7.

ROSE, A.W., 1999, Mineral resources; uranium, The geology of Pennsylvania, Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, p. 548-553.

ROSE, A.W., 1999, Other geologic environmental problems; radon, in Shultz, C.H., ed., Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, Harrisburg - Pittsburgh, p. 786-793.

ROSE, A.W., PIRC, S., TOLE, M.P., BELL, C.A., KEITH, M.L., and PILIONE, L.J., 1980, Regional and local anomalies of uranium and thorium in rocks near sandstone-type uranium deposits in Pennsylvania and Colorado, 140 p.

ROSE, A.W., SMITH, A.T., and GAMMONS, C.H., 1985, Regional distribution of facies in the Catskill formation and the controls on red-bed copper-uranium occurrences, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 37-43.

ROSE, A.W., SMITH, A.T., LUSTWERK, R.L., OHMOTO, H., and HOY, L.D., 1986, Geochemical aspects of stratiform and red-bed copper deposits in the Catskill Formation (Pennsylvania, USA) and Redstone area (Canada); sequence of mineralization in sediment-hosted copper deposits (Part 3), Geology and metallogeny of copper deposits; proceedings of the Copper symposium: 27th international geological congress, Springer-Verlag, p. 412-421.

RYDER, R.T., 1988, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin: Appalachian Basin symposium; program and extended abstracts Open-File Report - U. S. Geological, p. 6-10.

RYDER, R.T., BURRUSS, R.C., and HATCH, J.R., 1998, Black shale source rocks and oil generation in the Cambrian and Ordovician of the central Appalachian Basin, USA: AAPG Bulletin, v. 82, p. 412-441.

RYDER, R.T., BURRUSS, R.C., and HATCH, J.R., 1998, Black shale source rocks and oil generation in the Cambrian and Ordovician of the central Appalachian Basin, USA: AAPG Bulletin, v. 82, p. 412-441.

SALVER, H.A., 1988, A stratigraphic and petrologic study of the Mississippian Loyalhanna Limestone of western Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of

Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. SANABRIA, D.I., and THOMPSON, A.M., 1997, Stratigraphic relations of the Juniata-Tuscarora

contact in central Pennsylvania: Open-File Report - Pennsylvania, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey (1997), Harrisburg, PA, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, 30 p.

SARWAR, G., 1984, Depositional model for the Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation of south-central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 251 p.

SCHECKLER, S.E., 1986, Old Red Continent facies in the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous of Appalachian North America: Annales de la Societe geologique de Belgique, v. 109, p. 223-236.

SCHECKLER, S.E., and BANKS, H.P., 1971, Proteokalon, a new genus of progymnosperms from the Devonian of the New York state, and its bearing on phylogenetic trends in the group: American Journal of Botany, v. 58, p. 874-884.

SCHIEBER, J., 1998, Developing a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Late Devonian Chattanooga Shale of the Southeastern U.S.A.; relevance for the Bakken Shale, Eighth international Williston Basin symposium, Saskatchewan Geological Society, p. 58-68.

SCHIEBER, J., 1999, Distribution and deposition of mudstone facies in the Upper Devonian Sonyea Group of New York: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, p. 909-925.

SCHIEBER, J., and BAIRD, G., 2001, On the origin and significance of pyrite spheres in Devonian black shales of North America: Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A: Sedimentary Petrology and Processes, v. 71, p. 155-166.

SCHINER, G.R., and KIMMEL, G.E., 1972, Mississippian stratigraphy of northwestern Pennsylvania: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1331-A, p. 1-27.

SCHLISCHE, R.W., and OLSEN, P.E., 1990, Quantitative filling model for continental extensional basins with applications to early Mesozoic rifts of eastern North America: Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 135-155.

SCHOEN, R., 1964, Clay minerals of the Silurian Clinton ironstones, New York State: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 34, p. 855-863.

SCHULTZ, L.D., 1974, The stratigraphy of the Trimmers Rock Formation in northeastern Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 167 p.

SCHUYLER, A., 1987, Sedimentology and palaeoecology of miospores from the Middle to Upper Devonian Oneonta Formation; part of the Catskill Magnafacies, New York State, 132 p.

SCHUYLER, A., and TRAVERSE, A., 1990, Sedimentology of miospores in the Middle to Upper Devonian Oneonta Formation, Catskill Magnafacies, New York: Review of Palaeobotany & Palynology, v. 64, p. 305-313.

SCHWAB, F.L., 1969, Origin of the Antietam Formation (Late Precambrian? - Lower Cambrian), central Virginia: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 39, p. 354-366.

SEIDELL, B.C., TOUREK, T.J., and HARDIE, L.A., 1987, The Upper Silurian Wills Creek and Tonoloway formations of the Central Appalachians reevaluated; comparisons with a modern siliciclastic sabkha complex: SEPM annual midyear meeting Abstracts - SEPM Midyear Meeting 4 (1987), p. 76.

SEILACHER, A., 1968, Origin and diagenesis of the Oriskany Sandstone (Lower Devonian Appalachians) as reflected in its shell fossils, in Muller, G., and Friedman, G.M., eds., Recent developments in carbonate sedimentology in central Europe: New York, Springer Verlag, p. 175-185.

SEVON, W.D., 1967, Fossiliferous lithosomes in the Mahantango Formation, Carbon and Monroe counties, Pennsylvania: Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 41, p. 161-165.

SEVON, W.D., 1969, Subaqueous mudflow origin of basal Pocono rocks in northeastern pennsylvania: Special Paper - Geological Society of America, p. 373-374.

SEVON, W.D., 1969, The Pocono Formation in northeastern Pennsylvania, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Guidebook, 34th Annual Meeting, 128 p.

SEVON, W.D., 1970, Sedimentology of some Mississippian and Pleistocene deposits of northeastern Pennsylvania, in Subitzky, S., ed., Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions, Rutgers University Press, New

Brunswick, NJ, p. 214-234. SEVON, W.D., 1978, Bluestone in Pike County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 9, p. 2-

7. SEVON, W.D., 1979, Polymictic diamictites in the Spechty Kopf and Rockwell formations,

Devonian shales of South-central Pennsylvania and Maryland Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists no., p. 61-66.

SEVON, W.D., 1979, Polymictic diamictites in the Spechty Kopf and Rockwell formations: Devonian shales of South-central Pennsylvania and Maryland Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists no., v. 44, p. 61-66.

SEVON, W.D., 1981, The Middle and Upper Devonian clastic wedge in northeastern Pennsylvania, in Enos, P., ed., Guidebook for field trips in south-central New York: Binghamton, New York, New York State Geological Association 53rd Annual Meeting, p. 31-53.

SEVON, W.D., 1985, Nonmarine facies of the Middle and Late Devonian Catskill coastal alluvial plain, in Woodrow, D.L., and Sevon, W.D., eds., The Catskill Delta: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 201, p. 79-90.

SEVON, W.D., 1987, Ordovician through Mississippian rocks, Lehigh River, Carbon County, Pennsylvania, in Roy, D.C., ed., Northeastern section of the Geological Society of America Collation: 6, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, CO, p. 71-74 Book Collection Centennial field guide 6.

SEVON, W.D., and BERG, T.M., 1985, Promised Land State Park, Pike County; ancient rivers and ages of ice, Park Guide - Pennsylvania Geological Survey 18 (0000), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, p. 1 sheet.

SEVON, W.D., and BERG, T.M., 1986, Polymictic diamictites and associated lacustrine deposits at the Mississippian-Devonian boundary in Pennsylvania: The Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 21st annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 65.

SEVON, W.D., and BERG, T.M., 1986, Polymictic diamictites and associated lacustrine deposits at the Mississippian-Devonian boundary in Pennsylvania: The Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 21st annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 18, p. 65.

SEVON, W.D., ROSE, A.W., SMITH, R.C., II, and HOFF, D.T., 1978, Uranium in Carbon, Lycoming, Sullivan and Columbia counties, Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pa., Pa. Dep. Environ. Resour. Bur. Topo. Geol. Surv., 99 p.

SEVON, W.D., and WOODROW, D.L., 1985, Middle and Upper Devonian stratigraphy within the Appalachian Basin, in Woodrow, D.L., and Sevon, W.D., eds., The Catskill Delta: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 201, p. 1-7.

SEVON, W.D., WOODROW, D.L., and COSTOLNICK, D.E., 1997, Stop 7A; I-84/380 roadcut at Cobbs Gap (Part A); stratigraphy and post-depositional deformation in the Spechty Kopf Formation, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 123-126.

SEVON, W.D., WOODROW, D.L., COSTOLNICK, D.E., RICHARDSON, J.B., and ATTREP, M., JR., 1997, Convulsive geologic events and the origin of diamictite in the Spechty Kopf Formation in northeastern Pennsylvania, in Inners, J.D., ed., Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 62 (1997), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 34-60.

SHADLE, H.W., 1957, The petrography of the Pocono Formation...? [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 52 p.

SHAKOOR, A., and BONELLI, R.E., 1991, Relationship between petrographic characteristics, engineering index properties, and mechanical properties of selected sandstones: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 28, p. 55-71.

SHANMUGAM, G., and LASH, G.G., 1982, Analogous tectonic evolution of the Ordovician foredeeps, southern and central Appalachians: Geology, v. 10, p. 562-566.

SHEPPARD, R.A., and HUNTER, R.E., 1960, Chamosite oolites in the Devonian of Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 30, p. 585-588.

SHEPPS, V.C.E., 1963, Symposium on Middle and Upper Devonian stratigraphy of Pennsylvania and adjacent states, 301 p.

SHUSTER, E.T., and WHITE, W.B., 1971, Seasonal fluctuations in the chemistry of limestone springs; a possible means for characterizing carbonate aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 14, p. 93-128.

SIBLEY, D.F., and BLATT, H., 1976, Intergranular pressure solution and cementation of the Tuscarora orthoquartzite: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 46, p. 881-896.

SILLIMAN, B., 1830, Mauch Chunk and other anthracite regions of Pennsylvania: American Journal of Science, v. 19, p. 1-21.

SILVESTRI, S.M.M., and SZAJNA, M.J., 1993, Biostratigraphy of vertebrate footprints in the Late Triassic section of the Newark Basin, Pennsylvania; reassessment of stratigraphic ranges, in Lucas, S.G., and Morales, M., eds., The nonmarine Triassic Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 3 (199310), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM, p. 439-445.

SIMPSON, E.L., WALKER, D., and HORSNALL, S.L., 1993, Outer shelf to lower shoreface sediments in the Lower Cambrian Harpers Formation; Chilhowee Group, south-central Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 15, p. 126-136.

SINCLAIR, C.J., GOODWIN, P.W., and ANDERSON, E.J., 1998, Allocyclic analysis of the Upper Silurian Keyser-Tonoloway formational contact in central Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 33rd annual meeting; abstracts Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 74.

SINCLAIR, C.J., GOODWIN, P.W., and ANDERSON, E.J., 1998, Allocyclic analysis of the Upper Silurian Keyser-Tonoloway formational contact in central Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 33rd annual meeting; abstracts Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v. 30, p. 74.

SLATTERY, W., 1993, Sequence stratigraphy and depositional framework of the Upper Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation in Pennsylvania and New York [unpublished Cuny thesis]: City College, 160 p.

SLATTERY, W., 1995, Depositional cycles and sequence stratigraphy of the upper Hamilton Group (Givetian) of Pennsylvania and New York, eustatically driven?: Northeastern Geology, v. 17, p. 422-430.

SLINGERLAND, R., 1985, Sedimentary processes on the basin margin of the Late Devonian Catskill Sea; storm- or tide-dominated?, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists: Central Pennsylvania geology revisited, p. 33-36.

SLINGERLAND, R., 1986, Numerical computation of co-oscillating palaeotides in the Catskill epeiric sea of eastern North America: Sedimentology, v. 33, p. 487-497.

SLINGERLAND, R., and BEAUMONT, C., 1989, Tectonics and sedimentation of the Upper Paleozoic Paleozoic foreland basin in the central Appalachians, in Slingerland, R., and Furlong, K.P., eds., Sedimentology and thermo-mechanical history of basins in the cetrral Appalachian orogen: International Geological Congress Field Trip Guidebook: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, p. 4-24.

SLINGERLAND, R., EDITOR, and HANSHAW, P.M., 1990, Proximal Llewellyn Fm. of the Alleghanian clastic wedge and the history of anthracite mining in the United States, in Slingerland, R., Furlong, K.P., and leader, eds., Sedimentation and basin analysis in siliciclastic rock sequences; Volume 2, Sedimentology and thermal-mechanical history of basins in the Central Appalachian Orogen, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, p. 57-58 Book Collection Field trips for the 28th international geological congress.

SLINGERLAND, R., EDITOR, and HANSHAW, P.M., 1990, Alleghanian foreland basin deposits at Curwensville, PA, in Slingerland, R., Furlong, K.P., and leader, eds., Sedimentation and basin analysis in siliciclastic rock sequences; Volume 2, Sedimentology and thermal-mechanical history of basins in the Central Appalachian Orogen, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, p. 50-53 Book Collection Field trips for the 28th international geological congress.

SLINGERLAND, R., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Acadian foreland basin deposits at Port

Matilda, PA. SLINGERLAND, R., and LOULE, J.P., 1988, Wind/wave and tidal processes along the Upper

Devonian Catskill shoreline in Pennsylvania, U.S.A, Devonian of the world; proceedings of the Second international symposium on the Devonian System; Volume II, Sedimentation, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 125-138.

SMITH, A.T., 1980, Stratigraphic and sedimentologic controls for copper and uranium in red-beds of the Upper Devonian Catskill Formation in Pennsylvania, 216 p.

SMITH, A.T., 1983, Geology of redbed Cu-U occurrences in the Upper Devonian Catskill Fm., Pennsylvania, 234 p.

SMITH, A.T., and ROSE, A.W., 1985, Relation of red-bed copper-uranium occurrences to the regional sedimentology of the Catskill Formation in Pennsylvania, Geological Society of America (GSA) Special Paper, p. 183-197.

SMITH, G.J., and JACOBI, R.D., 1998, Fault-induced transgressive incised shoreface model for the Canadaway Group, Catskill Delta Complex: Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies, v. 68, p. 668-683.

SMITH, G.J., and JACOBI, R.D., 2001, Tectonic and eustatic signals in the sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Canadaway Group, New York state: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 85, p. 325-357.

SMITH, I.R.C., and BERKHEISER JR, S.W., 1983, Silica as pure as the driven snow? Not yet, but we're getting closer!: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 14, p. 13-16.

SMITH, L.B., and ANDERSON, E.J., 1992, Late Silurian Milankovitch hierarchal cyclicity: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section; 27th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 77.

SMITH, N.D., 1968, Cyclic sedimentation in a Silurian intertidal sequence in eastern Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 38, p. 1301-1304.

SMITH, N.D., 1970, The braided stream depositional environment: comparison of the Platte River with some Silurian clastics of the north-central Appalachians: Geological Socety of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2993-3014.

SMITH, N.D., and SAUNDERS, R.S., 1970, Paleoenvironments and their control of acritarch distribution; Silurian of east-central Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 40, p. 324-333.

SMITH, R.C., II, 1980, Zimmerman uranium prospect, Carbon County: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 8, p. 10-12.

SMITH, R.C., BERKHEISER JR, S.W., and WAY, J.H., JR., 1988, The Bald Hill bentonite beds: A Lower Devonian pyroclastic-bearing unit in the northern Appalachians: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 216-230.

SMITH, R.C., II, and BERKHEISER, S.W., JR., 1983, Silica as pure as the driven snow? Not yet, but we're getting closer!: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 14, p. 13-16.

SMITH, R.C., II, and HOFF, D.T., 1984, Geology and mineralogy of copper-uranium occurrences in the Picture Rocks and Sonestown quadrangles, Lycoming and Sullivan counties, Pennsylvania: Mineral Resource Report, v. 80: Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 271 p.

SMITH, R.C., and WAY, J.H., 1983, The Tioga Ash Beds at Selinsgrove Junction, in Nickelsen, R.P., and Cotter, E., eds., Silurian depositional history and Alleghanian deformation in the Pennsylvania Valley and Ridge Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 74-88.

SMITH, R.E., 1969, Petrography-porosity relations in carbonate-quartz system, gatesburg formation (late cambrian), pennsylvania: The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 53, p. 261-278.

SMITH, R.E., 1972, Petrography-Porosity Relations in Carbonate-Quartz System, Gatesburg Formation (Late Cambrian), Pennsylvania, Carbonate Rocks II; Porosity and Classification of Reservoir Rocks Reprint Series - American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa., American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States, p. 116-133.

SMOOT, J.P., 1985, The closed-basin hypothesis and its use in facies analysis of the Newark Supergroup, in Robinson, G.R., Jr., and Froelich, A.J., eds., Proceedings of the Second

U.S. Geological Survey workshop on the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States U. S. Geological Survey Circular (1985), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, p. 4-10.

SMOOT, J.P., 1999, Early Mesozoic; sedimentary rocks, in Shultz, C.H., ed., The geology of Pennsylvania Special Publication - Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1999), Geological Survey of Pennsylvania [and] Pittsburgh Geological Society, Harrisburg - Pittsburgh, p. 180-201.

SMOSNA, R., 1983, Diagenetic history of the Silurian Keefer Sandstone in West Virginia and Kentucky: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, p. 1319-1329.

SMOSNA, R., 1983, Depositional patterns of a Silurian shelf sand in the central Appalachians: Northeastern Geology, v. 5, p. 100-109.

SMOSNA, R., and PATCHEN, D., 1978, Silurian evolution of central Appalachian Basin: AAPG Bulletin, v. 62, p. 2308-2328.

SMOSNA, R., and PATCHEN, D., 1980, Niagaran bioherms and interbioherm deposits of western West Virginia: AAPG Bulletin, v. 64, p. 629-637.

SMOSNA, R., and PATCHEN, D., 1991, Ordovician limestone and shale in the central Appalachian Basin: Early sedimentary response to plate collision, in Lomando, A.J., and Harris, P.M., eds., Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequences: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Core Workshop No. 15, p. 485-509.

SMOSNA, R., PATCHEN, D.G., WARSHAUER, S.M., and PERRY, W.J., JR., 1977, Relationships between depositional environments, Tonoloway Limestone, and distribution of evaporites in the Salina Formation, West Virginia, in Fisher, J.H., ed., Reefs and evaporites; concepts and depositional models Studies in Geology (Tulsa) no. 5 (1977), American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, p. 125-143.

SMOSNA, R., and WARSHAUER, S., 1978, Fossil diversity in thin section: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 48, p. 331-336.

SMOSNA, R., and WARSHAUER, S., 1978, The evolution of a carbonate shelf, Silurian McKenzie Formation, West Virginia: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 48, p. 127-142.

SMOSNA, R., and WARSHAUER, S.M., 1979, A scheme for multivariate analysis in carbonate petrology with an example from the Silurian Tonoloway Limestone: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, p. 257-271.

SMOSNA, R., and WARSHAUER, S.M., 1981, Rank exposure index on a Silurian carbonate tidal flat: Sedimentology, v. 28, p. 723-731.

SMOSNA, R., and WARSHAUER, S.M., 1983, Environment analysis of a Silurian patch reef, Lockport Dolomite of West Virginia, Society of Economic Paleontologists & Mineralogist Tulsa, 26-52 p.

SMOSNA, R.A., 1984, Diagenesis of a stromatoporoid patch reef: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, p. 1000-1011.

SMOSNA, R.A., and PATCHEN, D.G., 1991, Evidence of climatic and paleogeographic changes during the Silurian as recorded in the rocks at Pinto, Maryland: GSA Northeastern Section, 26th annual meeting; Southeastern Section, 40th annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 130.

SMOSNA, R.A., and WARSHAUER, S.M., 1979, A very Early Devonian patch reef and its ecological setting: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 142-152.

SORAUF, J.E., 1987, Upper Devonian (Frasnian) rugose corals from New York State: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 676-689.

SPAMER, E.E., 1989, Notes on six real and supposed type fossils from the Newark Supergroup (Triassic) of Pennsylvania: The Mosasaur, v. 4, p. 49-52.

SPEER, J.A., 1976, Pennsylvania minerals; II, Strontianite: The Mineralogical Record, v. 7, p. 69-79.

SPELMAN, A.R., 1966, Stratigraphy of Lower Ordovician Nittany Dolomite in central Pennsylvania, v. Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. G 47 (General Geology Rept.), 187 p.

STANCEL, S.G., 1982, Alluvial deposition in the Mauch Chunk-Pottsville transition zone (Upper Mississippian-Lower Pennsylvanian) in East central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: SUNY at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 93 p.

STEPHENS, G.C., 1988, Schuylkill Gap area; Pennsylvania; an outdoor classroom in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Central Appalachians: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 43-49.

STEPHENS, G.C., 1988, Schuylkill Gap area; Pennsylvania; an outdoor classroom in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Central Appalachians: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 43-49.

STEPHENS, G.C., LEADER, WRIGHT, T.O., and PLATT, L.B., 1982, Geology of the Middle Ordovician Martinsburg Formation and related rocks in Pennsylvania: Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 47 (1982), [Harrisburg, PA], [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], 87 p.

STEPHENS, G.C., and WRIGHT, T.O., 1981, Stratigraphy of the Martinsburg Formation, west of Harrisburg in the Great Valley of Pennsylvania: American Journal of Science, v. 281, p. 1009-1020.

STOCK, C.W., 1993, Stromatoporoid communities in the Uppermost Silurian (Pridoli) of Taconia: Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 361.

STOCK, C.W., and HOLMES, A.E., 1986, Upper Silurian/Lower Devonian Stromatoporoidea from the Keyser Formation at Mustoe, Highland County, west-central Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 555-580.

STOSE, G.W., 1946, The Taconic sequence in Pennsylvania: American Journal of Science, v. 244, p. 665-696.

STREEL, M., and TRAVERSE, A., 1978, Spores from the Devonian-Mississippian transition in the Horseshoe Curve section near Altoona, Pennsylvania: Palynology, v. 26, p. 21-39.

STREEL, M., and TRAVERSE, A., 1978, Spores from the Devonian/Mississippian transition near the Horseshoe Curve section, Altoona, Pennsylvania, U.S.A: F. P. Jonker special issue Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 26, p. 21-39.

STROTHER, P.K., BALDWIN, C., and BECK, J.H., 1993, The recognition of non-marine indicators in shallow marine lithofacies in the Silurian of the Central Appalachians: Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 361.

STROTHER, P.K., and BECK, J.H., 1996, Palynology of the Silurian section at Allenport, Pennsylvania; preliminary results, in Broadhead, T.W., ed., Sedimentary environments of Silurian Taconia; fieldtrips to the Appalachian and southern craton of eastern North America Studies in Geology (Knoxville) 26 (1996), University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN, p. 155-159.

STROTHER, P.K., and TRAVERSE, A., 1979, Plant microfossils from Llandoverian and Wenlockian rocks of Pennsylvania: Palynology, v. 3, p. 1-21.

SUBITZKY, S., and EDITOR, 1969, Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions ; GSA and associated societies, Ann. Mtg., Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1969, New Brunswick, N. J., Rutgers Univ. Press, 382 p.

SUTER, T.D., 1987, A comparison of the Lower Silurian clastic units in the Great Valley Province of Virginia and the Valley and Ridge Province of Virginia and West Virginia [unpublished Master's thesis]: Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 125 p.

SUTER, T.D., 1991, The origin and significance of Mississippian polymictic diamictites in the central Appalachian Basin [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 388 p.

SUTTON, R.G., Sedimentary structures and their environmental significance in the marine Catskill delta of New York.

SUTTON, R.G., 1963, Correlation of Upper Devonian strata in south-central New York. SUTTON, R.G., BOWEN, Z.P., and MCALESTER, A.L., Marine shelf environments of the upper

Devonian Sonyea group of New York: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2975-2992.

SUTTON, R.G., and MCGHEE, G.R., JR., 1985, The evolution of Frasnian marine "community-types" of south-central New York, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America, p. 211-224.

SUTTON, R.G., and RAMSAYER, G.R., 1975, Association of lithologies and sedimentary structures in marine deltaic paleoenvironments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 45, p. 799-807.

SWAIN, F.M., JR., 1939, Some faunas from the Onondaga Formation in central Pennsylvania and West Virginia [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 48 p.

SWAIN, F.M., JR., 1958, Organic materials of early Middle Devonian, Mount Union area, Pennsylvania: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 42, p. 2858-2891.

SWARTZ, F.M., 1939, The Devonian of Pennsylvania; The Keyser limestone and Helderberg group, Pennsylvania, Topographic and Geologic Survey, Bulletin C, p. 29-91.

SWARTZ, F.M., 1946, Faunal development, conditions of deposition, and paleogeography of some Appalachian mid-Paleozoic sediments: University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Mineral Industries Contribution No. 46-3, p. 1-33.

SWARTZ, F.M., 1948, Trenton and sub-Trenton of outcrop areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland: Galey, J. T., ed., Appalachian Basin Ordovician symposium Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 32, p. 1493-1595.

SWARTZ, F.M., 1957, Silurian sediments and relationships at Susquehanna Gap in Blue or Kittatinny Mountain, five miles north of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: University Park. Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geology Contribution No. 3, p. 1-58.

SWARTZ, F.M., 1957, Geologic features of the Alleghany Front region between Johnstown and Williamsburg, central Pennsylvania: University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geology Contribution No. 1, p. 1-35.

SWARTZ, F.M., 1958, Mid-Appalachian Devonian fossils: University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geology Contribution 5; 16 plates.

SWARTZ, F.M., 1958, Mid-Appalachian Silurian fossils: University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geology Contribution No. 4; 16 plates.

SWARTZ, F.M., DONALDSON, A.C., HEA, J.P., and RONES, M., 1955, Stratigraphy of Ordovician limestones and dolomites of Nittany Valley in area from Bellefonte to Pleasant Gap, Pennsylvania.

SWARTZ, F.M., RONES, M., DONALDSON, A., and MACAULAY, G., 1955, Ordovician carbonate rocks near Bellefonte, Pennsylvania: University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geology Contribution No. 6, p. 1-15.

SWETLAND, D.W., and SLINGERLAND, R., 1988, A general circulation model for the Late Devonian Catskill Sea, eastern North America, p. 78-79.

TASCH, P., 1950, Fauna of the Upper Cambrian Warrior Formation of central Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 47 p.

TASCH, P., 1951, Fauna and paleoecology of the Upper Cambrian Warrior Formation of central Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 25, p. 275-306.

TASCH, P., 1959, A new Illaenid trilobite from the middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania: The Canadian Field Naturalist, v. 65, p. 163-166.

TAYLOR, J.F., LOCH, J.D., and PERFETTA, P.J., 1999, Trilobite faunas from Upper Cambrian microbial reefs in the Central Appalachians: Journal of Paleontology, v. 73, p. 326-336.

THAYER, C.W., 1974, Marine paleoecology in the Upper Devonian of New York: Lethaia, v. 7, p. 121-155.

THIESEN, J.P., 1983, Is there a fault in our gap?: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 14, p. 5-11. THOMAS, W.A., and SCHENK, P.E., 1988, Late Palaeozoic sedimentation along the

Appalachian Orogen, The Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen, Geological Society of London, p. 515-530.

THOMPSON, A.M., 1970, Tidal-flat deposition and early dolomitization in upper Ordovician rocks of southern Appalachian Valley and Ridge: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 40, p. 1271-1286.

THOMPSON, A.M., 1970, Geochemistry of color genesis in red-bed sequence, Juniata and Bald Eagle formations, Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 40, p. 599-615.

THOMPSON, A.M., 1970, Lithofacies and formation nomenclature in Upper Ordovician stratigraphy, central Appalachians: Geological Socety of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 1255-

1260. THOMPSON, A.M., 1972, Shallow-Water Distal Turbidites in Ordovician Flysch, Central

Appalachian Mountains, U. S. A, Stratigraphy and Sedimentology--Stratigraphie et Sedimentologie, Section 6 Report of the ... Session - International Geological Congress, p. 89-99.

THOMPSON, A.M., 1977, Clastic coastal environments in Ordovician molasse, central Appalachians, in Ginsburg, R.N., ed., Tidal deposits; a casebook of recent examples and fossil counterparts, Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y., p. 135-143.

THOMPSON, A.M., 1986, Stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician clastic rocks in south-central Pennsylvania, in Sevon, W.D., ed., Selected geology of Bedford and Huntingdon counties Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 51 (1986), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 21-26.

THOMPSON, A.M., 1987, The Taconian clastic wedge at Mann Narrows, Reedsville, Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 22nd annual meeting; abstracts Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 62.

THOMPSON, A.M., and SEVON, W.D., 1982, Excursion 19B; Comparative sedimentology of Paleozoic clastic wedges in the central Appalachians, U.S.A, Int. Congress on Sedimentol., 136 p.

THOMPSON, A.M., and SEVON, W.D., 1982, Excursion 19B; Comparative sedimentology of Paleozoic clastic wedges in the central Appalachians, U.S.A: (1982), Int. Congress on Sedimentol., Canada, 136 p.

THOMPSON, A.M., and SEVON, W.D., 1982, Comparative sedimentology of Paleozoic clastic wedges in the central Appalachians: International Sedimentological Congress Field Trip Guidebooks, v. 19B, 48 p.

THOMPSON, R.R., 1961, Lithostratigraphy of Middle Ordovician Salona and Coburn formations of the Trenton Group in central Pennsylvania [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA, 297 p.

THOMPSON, R.R., 1963, Lithostratigraphy of the Middle Ordovician Salona and Coburn formations in central Pennsylvania: General Geology Report - Pennsylvania Geological Survey (1963), Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 154 p.

THOMS, R.E., and BERG, T.M., 1985, Interpretation of bivalve trace fossils in fluvial beds of the basal Catskill Formation (Late Devonian), Eastern U.S.A, Biogenic structures; their use in interpreting depositional environments, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 13-20.

THOMSON, K.S., 1972, New evidence on the evolution of the paired fins of Rhipidistia and the origin of the tetrapod limb, with description of a new genus of Osteolepidae: Postilla, v. 157, p. 7.

THOMSON, K.S., 1976, The faunal relationships of rhipidistian fishes (Crossopterygii) from the Catskill (upper Devonian) of Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 1203-1208.

TITUS, R.C., 1989, Facies of the Trenton Group of New York, in Keith, B.D., ed., The Trenton Group (Upper Ordovician Series) of eastern North America: Deposition diagenesis, and petroleum: Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology No. 29, p. 77-86.

TITUS, R.C., and CAMERON, B., 1976, Fossil communities of the lower Trenton Group (Middle Ordovician) of central and northwestern New York: Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 1209-1225.

TOUREK, T.J., 1970, The depositional environments and sediment accumulation models for the upper Silurian Wills Creek Shale and Tonolaway Limestone, central Appalachians [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 393 p.

TREXLER, J.P., WOOD, G.H., JR., and ARNDT, H.H., Uppermost Devonian and Lower Mississippian rocks of the western part of the anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania.

TREXLER, J.P., WOOD, G.H., JR., and ARNDT, H.H., 1961, Angular unconformity separates Catskill and Pocono formations in western part of anthracite region, Pennsylvania; Article 38, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, p. B84-B88.

TREXLER, J.P., WOOD, G.H., JR., and ARNDT, H.H., 1962, Uppermost Devonian and Lower Mississippian rocks of the western part of the anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania:

Geological Survey research 1962 U. S. Geological Survey Professional, v. Paper, p. C36-C39.

TURNER-PETERSON, C.E., 1980, Sedimentology and uranium mineralization in the Triassic-Jurassic Newark Basin, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, in Turner-Peterson, C.E., ed., Uranium in sedimentary rocks; application of the facies concept to exploration, Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral., Rocky Mt. Sect., Denver, Colo., p. 149-171.

TURNER-PETERSON, C.E., 1988, A comparison of uranium-bearing sequences in the Newark Basin, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, in Froelich, A.J., and Robinson, G.R., Jr., eds., Studies of the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin (1988), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, p. 350-356.

TURNER-PETERSON, C.E., OLSEN, P.E., and NUCCIO, V.F., 1985, Modes of uranium occurrence in black mudstones in the Newark Basin, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, in Robinson, G.R., Jr., and Froelich, A.J., eds., Proceedings of the Second U.S. Geological Survey workshop on the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States U. S. Geological Survey Circular (1985), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, p. 120-124.

TURNER-PETERSON, C.E., and SMOOT, J.P., 1985, New thoughts on facies relationships in the Triassic Stockton and Lockatong formations, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, in Robinson, G.R., Jr., and Froelich, A.J., eds., Proceedings of the Second U.S. Geological Survey workshop on the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States U. S. Geological Survey Circular (1985), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, p. 10-17.

VALERO GARCES, B.L., GIERLOWSKI-KORDESCH, E.H., and BRAGONIER, W.A., 1997, Pennsylvanian continental cyclothem development: no evidence of direct climatic control in the Upper Freeport Formation (Allegheny Group) of Pennsylvania (northern Appalachian Basin): Sedimentary Geology, v. 109, p. 305-319.

VAN DER VOO, R., 1980, 'A paleomagnetic pole position from the folded Upper Devonian Catskill red beds, and its tectonic implications' - a reply: Geology, v. 8, p. 259-260.

VAN DER VOO, R., FRENCH, A.N., and FRENCH, R.B., 1979, A paleomagnetic pole position from the folded Upper Devonian Catskill red beds, and its tectonic implications: Geology, v. 7, p. 345-348.

VAN DER VOO, R., and FRENCH, R.B., 1977, Paleomagnetism of the Late Ordovician Juniata Formation and the remagnetization hypothesis: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. 5796-5802.

VAN HOUTEN, F.B., 1969, Late Triassic Newark group, north central New Jersey and adjacent Pennsylvania and New York, in Subitzky, S., ed., Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, p. 314-347.

VAN HOUTEN, F.B., 1980, Late Triassic part of Newark Supergroup, Delaware River section, West-central New Jersey, in Manspeizer, W., ed., Field studies of New Jersey geology and guide to field trips; 52nd annual meeting of the New York State Geological Association Annual Meeting of the New York State Geological Association no. 52 (1980), New York State Geological Survey, p. 264-276.

VAN HOUTEN, F.B., 1987, Late Triassic cyclic sedimentation: Upper Lockatong and lower Passaic Formations (Newark Supergroup), Delaware Valley, west-central New Jersey, Geological Society of America Centennial Field Guide - Northeastern Section: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, p. 81-86.

VAN HOUTEN, F.B., 1991, Interpreting Silurian Clinton oolitic ironstones; 1850-1975: Journal of Geological Education, v. 39, p. 19-22.

VAN TASSEL, J., 1987, Upper Devonian Catskill Delta margin cyclic sedimentation; Brallier, Scherr, and Foreknobs Formations of Virginia and West Virginia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 414-426.

VAN TASSELL, J., 1994, Cyclic deposition of the Devonian Catskill Delta of the Appalachians, USA, 395-411 p.

VAN TASSELL, J., 1994, Evidence for orbitally-driven sedimentary cycles in the Devonian Catskill delta complex, Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 121-131.

VAN TASSELL, J., 1994, Cyclic deposition of the Devonian Catskill Delta of the Appalachians, USA, Orbital forcing and cyclic sequences, Blackwell, p. 395-411.

VANHOUTEN, F.B., 1965, Composition of Triassic Lockatong and associated formations of Newark Group, central New Jersey and adjacent Pennsylvania: American Journal of Science, v. 263, p. 825-863.

VER STRAETEN, C.A., 1996, Upper Lower and Lower Middle Devonian stratigraphic synthesis, central Appalachian Basin of Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-47, p. 59.

VER STRAETEN, C.A., and BRETT, C.E., 1995, Lower and Middle Devonian foreland basin fill in the Catskill Front; stratigraphic synthesis, sequence stratigraphy, and Acadian Orogeny, Field trip guidebook for the 67th annual meeting of the New York State Geological Association, New York State Geological Association, p. 313-356.

VER STRAETEN, C.A., and BRETT, C.E., 2000, Bulge migration and pinnacle reef development, Devonian Appalachian Foreland Basin: Journal of Geology, v. 108, p. 339-352.

WAGNER, W.R., 1966, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian to Middle Ordovician rocks of central and western Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. G 49 (General Geology Rept.), 156 p.

WALKER, K.R., 1972, Community ecology of the Middle Ordovician Black River Group of New York State: Geological Socety of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 2499-2524.

WALKER, K.R., 1973, Stratigraphy and environmental sedimentology of Middle Ordovician Black River Group in type area - New York State: Albany, New York, New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin No. 419, p. 1-42.

WALKER, K.R., and LAPORTE, L.F., 1970, Congruent fossil communities from Ordovician and Devonian carbonates of New York: Journal of Paleontology, v. 44, p. 928-944.

WALKER, R.G., 1971, Nondeltaic depositional environments in the Catskill clastic wedge (upper Devonian) of central Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 1305-1326.

WALKER, R.G., 1972, Upper Devonian marine-nonmarine transition, southern Pennsylvania: General Geology Report, v. 62: Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 25 p.

WALKER, R.G., and HARMS, J.C., 1971, The 'Catskill delta'; a prograding muddy shoreline in central Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 79, p. 381-399.

WALKER, R.G., and HARMS, J.C., 1975, Shorelines of weak tidal activity; upper Devonian Catskill Formation, central Pennsylvania, in Ginsburg, R.N., ed., Tidal deposits: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 103-108.

WALLACE, L.G., and ROEN, J.B., 1989, Petroleum source rock potential of the Upper Ordovician black shale sequence, northern Appalachian Basin: Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey (1989), Reston, VA, U. S. Geological Survey, 66 . 7 sheets p.

WALLACE, L.G., and ROEN, J.B., 1990, Petroleum source rock potential of the Upper Ordovician black shale sequence, northern Appalachian Basin: Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey (1989), Reston, VA, U. S. Geological Survey, 66 . 7 sheets p.

WALLS, R.A., 1975, Late Devonian; early Mississippian subaqueous deltaic facies in a portion of the southeastern Appalachian Basin, in Broussard, M.L., ed., Deltas, models for exploration, Houston Geol. Soc., Houston, p. 359-367.

WARSHAUER, S.M., and SMOSNA, R., 1977, Paleoecologic controls of the ostracod communities in the Tonoloway Limestone (Silurian; Pridoli) of the central Apalachians, in Loffler, H., and Danielopol, D., eds., Aspects of ecology and zoogeography of Recent and fossil Ostracoda: The Hague, W. Junk, p. 475-485.

WASHINGTON, P.A., and CHISICK, S.A., 1994, Foundering of the Cambroordovician shelf margin: onset of a Taconian orogenesis or eustatic drowning, in Dennison, J., and Ettensohn, F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 203-216.

WAY, J.H., JR., 1972, Deposition environmental analysis, Middle and Upper Devonian sedimentary rocks, Catskill Mountain area, New York, 125 p.

WAY, J.H., JR., 1979, On the demise of a Trimerus (Dipleura) Dekayi: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 10, p. 14-16.

WAY, J.H., JR., and FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1980, Radioactive trace elements in Middle and Upper

Devonian clastic rocks, Catskill Mountain area, New York: Northeastern Geology, v. 2, p. 68-73.

WAY, J.H., JR., and FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1980, U, K, and Th concentrations in Devonian sedimentary rocks of the Catskill Mountain area and their interpretation: Northeastern Geology, v. 2, p. 13-31.

WAY, J.H., and SMITH, R.C., 1983, Barite in the Devonian Marcellus Formation, Montour County: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 14, p. 4-9.

WAY, J.H., SMITH, R.C., II, and RODEN, M.K., 1986, Detailed correlations across 175 miles of the Valley and Ridge of Pennsylvania using 7 ash beds in the Tioga Zone, in Sevon, W.D., ed., Selected geology of Bedford and Huntingdon counties Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 51 (1986), [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 55-72.

WEARY, D.J., and HARRIS, A.G., 1994, Early Frasnian (Late Devonian) conodonts from the Harrell Shale, western foreland fold-and-thrust belt, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, U.S.A.: Courier Forsch.-Institut Senckenberg, v. 168, p. 195-225.

WEED, E.G.A., 1982, Nealmont Limestone (Middle Ordovician) extending from southwestern Virginia into southwestern New York in the Central Appalachians, Stratigraphic notes, 1980-1982 U. S. Geological Survey, p. H135-H136.

WELLS, J.W., 1963, Early investigations of the Devonian system in New York, 1656-1836: Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America (GSA), p. 74.

WELLS, R.B., 1969, Clastic dikes in the catskill formation near millerstown, pennsylvania: Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 43, p. 187-190.

WELSH, R., 1984, Oriskany Sandstone; depositional environment and fracture porosity in Somerset County, Pennsylvania [unpublished Master's thesis]: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

WESCOTT, W.A., 1982, Nature of porosity in Tuscarora Sandstone (Lower Silurian) in the Appalachian Basin: Oil and Gas Journal, v. 34, p. 159-173.

WEST, R.R., 1977, Comparison of seven lingulid communities, in Scott, R.W., and West, R.R., eds., Structure and classification of paleocommunities, Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pa., p. 171-192.

WHISONANT, R.C., 1977, Lower Silurian Tuscarora (Clinch) dispersal patterns in western Virginia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 215-220.

WHITCOMB, L., 1954, New Ordovician bentonite information from Reedsville, Pennsylvania: Pa. Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 28, p. 84-90.

WHITE, C.D., 1904, Deposition of the Appalachian Pottsville: Geological Society of America, v. Bulletin, p. 267-282.

WHITE, W.B., and WHITE, E.L., 1992, Guidebooks to selected karst regions; No. 1, The Appalachian valleys of central Pennsylvania, Cave Geology 2, no. 3 (199205): 121-191, State College, PA, [publisher unknown], p. 121-191.

WILLARD, B., 1931, Oriskany at Susequehanna Gap, Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 42, p. 697-706.

WILLARD, B., 1932, The Devonian section at Selinsgrove Junction, Pennsylvania: American Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 222-235.

WILLARD, B., 1933, "Catskill" sedimentation in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 44, p. 495-516.

WILLARD, B., 1936, The Onondaga Formation in Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 44, p. 578-603.

WILLARD, B., 1940, Recurrent Paleozoic continental facies in Pennsylvania: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 40, p. 267-288.

WILLARD, B., and CLEAVES, A.B., 1939, Ordovician-Silurian relations in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 50, p. 1165-1198.

WILLARD, B., and CONLIN, R.C., 1958, Guide to the highway geology from Harrisburg to Bald Eagle Mountain: (1958), Pa. Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. G 29, iv, 38 p.

WILLARD, B., and SWARTZ, F.M., 1939, The Devonian of Pennsylvania; Middle and Upper Devonian, by Bradford Willard; Keyser Limestone and Helderberg group, by Frank McKim Swartz; Oriskany group, by Arthur Bailey Cleaves: (1939), Pennsylvania Topog

and Geol. Survey 4th ser., Bull. 19-G, 481 p. WILLIAMS, E.G., 1960, Marine and fresh water fossiliferous beds in the Pottsville and Allegheny

groups of western Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 34, p. 908-922. WILLIAMS, E.G., 1960, Relationship between the stratigraphy and petrography of Pottsville

sandstones and the occurrence of high-alumina Mercer clay: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 55, p. 1291-1302.

WILLIAMS, E.G., 1980, Marine and fresh water fossiliferous beds in the Pottsville and Allegheny groups of western Pennsylvania, in Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Weisenfluh, G.A., and Staub, J.R., eds., Carboniferous depositional environments in the Appalachian region, Univ. S.C., Dep. Geol.; Carol. Coal Group, Columbia, S.C., p. 35-49.

WILLIAMS, E.G., 1985, Field trip No. 2; Catskill sedimentation in central Pennsylvania, Central Pennsylvania geology revisited: Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 20-32.

WILLIAMS, E.G., BERGENBACK, R.E., FALLA, W.S., and UDAGAWA, S., 1968, Origin of some Pennsylvanian underclays in western Pennsylvania: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 38, p. 1179-1193.

WILLIAMS, E.G., BERGENBACK, R.E., FALLA, W.S., and UDAGAWA, S., 1980, Origin of some Pennsylvanian underclays in western Pennsylvania, in Ferm, J.C., Horne, J.C., Weisenfluh, G.A., and Staub, J.R., eds., Carboniferous depositional environments in the Appalachian region, Univ. S.C., Dep. Geol.; Carol. Coal Group, Columbia, S.C., p. 72-85.

WILLIAMS, E.G., and BRAGONIER, W.A., 1974, Controls of Early Pennsylvanian sedimentation in western Pennsylvania, in Briggs, G., ed., Carboniferous of the southeastern United States Special Paper - Geological Society of America no. 148 (1974), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, p. 135-152.

WILLIAMS, E.G., and SLINGERLAND, R., 1985, Field trip No. 2; Field guide-Catskill sedimentation in central Pennsylvania, in Gold, D.P., ed., Central Pennsylvania geology revisited Guidebook for the Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists 50, [Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists], [Harrisburg, PA], p. 45-62.

WILLIAMS, E.G., and SLINGERLAND, R.L., 1986, Catskill sedimentation in central Pennsylvania, Selected geology of Bedford and Huntingdon counties: Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 73-79.

WILLIS, B.J., 1987, Sedimentology of the upper Middle Devonian Catskill magnafacies at the Catskill Front, New York, 140 p.

WILLIS, B.J., 1993, Interpretation of bedding geometry within ancient point-bar deposits, Alluvial sedimentation, p. 101-114.

WILLIS, B.J., and BRIDGE, J.S., 1988, Evolution of Catskill River systems, New York State, Devonian of the world; proceedings of the Second international symposium on the Devonian System; Volume II, Sedimentation, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 85-106.

WILSON, B.R., TRAVERSE, A., and WILLIAMS, E.G., 1984, Palynological delineation of the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity in west-central Pennsylvania, p. 337-344.

WILSON, J.L., 1952, Upper Cambrian stratigraphy in the central Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, p. 275-322.

WNUK, C., 1984, The paleoecology and growth habits of arborescent lycopods from an in situ swamp forest of Middle Pennsylvanian age (Bernice Basin, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania) [unpublished Doctoral thesis]: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 162 p.

WNUK, C., 1992, Paleobotany, Field trip guidebook; the anthracite basins of eastern Pennsylvania Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey, p. 33-34.

WOLOSZ, T.H., 1985, Roberts Hill and Albrights reefs; faunal and sedimentary evidence for an eastern Onondaga sea-level fluctuation, New York State Geological Association, 57th annual meeting; field trip guidebook, p. 169-185.

WOLOSZ, T.H., and PAQUETTE, D.E., 1988, Middle Devonian reefs of the Edgecliff Member of the Onondaga Formation of New York, in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the world; proceedings of the Second international symposium on the Devonian System; Volume II, Sedimentation Memoir - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists 14 (198812), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB,

Canada, p. 531-539. WOLOSZ, T.H., and WALLACE, R.J., 1982, Coral population variations in a colonizing

community (Devonian), in Gray, J., Boucot, A.J., and Berry, W.B.N., eds., Communities of the past, Hutchinson Ross Publ. Co., Stroudsburg, PA, p. 223-241.

WONG, S.J., 1985, The paleoecology of the Keyser Limestone; a re-evaluation [unpublished Master's thesis]: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.

WOOD, G.H., JR., ARNDT, H.H., SOREN, J., TREXTER, J.P., and YELENOSKY, A., 1956, Subdivision of Pottsville Formation in Southern anthracite field, Pennsylvania: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 40, p. 2669-2688.

WOOD, G.H., JR., KEHN, T.M., and EGGLESTON, J.R., 1986, Depositional and structural history of the Pennsylvania anthracite region, in Lyons, P.C., and Rice, C.L., eds., Paleoenvironmental and tectonic controls in coal-forming basins of the United States Special Paper - Geological Society of America 210 (1986), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, p. 31-47.

WOOD, G.H., JR., TREXLER, J.P., and ARNDT, H.H., 1962, Pennsylvanian rocks of the southern part of the anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania: Geological Survey research 1962 U. S. Geological Survey Professional, v. Paper, p. C39-C42.

WOOD, G.H., JR., TREXLER, J.P., and KEHN, T.M., 1969, Geology of the west-central part of the Southern Anthracite Field and adjoining areas, Pennsylvania: Washington, D.C., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 602, p. 150.

WOOD, G.V., and GRIFFITHS, J.C., 1963, Modal analyses of three quartzites and their textural implications: Journal of Geology, v. 71, p. 405-421.

WOODFORK, L.D., and PATCHEN, D.C., 1970, Keefer Sandstone; an attractive Silurian target. WOODROW, D.L., 1983, Topography and sedimentary processes in an epicontinental sea, The

shelfbreak; critical interface on continental margins, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), p. 159-166.

WOODROW, D.L., 1985, Paleogeography, paleoclimate, and sedimentary processes of the Late Devonian Catskill Delta, The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America (GSA), p. 51-63.

WOODROW, D.L., DENNISON, J., ETTENSOHN, F.R., SEVON, W.D., and KIRCHGASSER, W.T., 1988, Middle and Upper Devonian stratigraphy and paleogeography of the central and southern Appalachians and eastern midcontinent, U.S.A., in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the World: Calgary, Canada, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 14, p. 277-301.

WOODROW, D.L., ENOS, P., BOTTJER, R.J., and MINERO, C., 1981, Bioclastic carbonate units in the Catskill clastic wedge.

WOODROW, D.L., FLETCHER, F.W., and AHRNSBRAK, W.F., 1973, Paleogeography and paleoclimate at the deposition sites of the Devonian Catskill and Old Red facies: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 3051-3063.

WOODROW, D.L., and HANSHAW, P.M., 1989, Upper Devonian, p. 24-30. WOODROW, D.L., and ISLEY, A.M., 1983, Facies, topography and sedimentary processes in the

Catskill Sea ( Devonian), New York and Pennsylvania ( USA): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 459-470.

WOODROW, D.L., ROBINSON, R.A.J., PRAVE, A.R., TRAVERSE, A., DAESCHLER, E.B., ROWE, N.D., and DELANEY, N.A., 1995, Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and temporal framework of Red Hill (Upper Devonian Catskill Formation) near Hyner, Clinton County, Pennsylvania; site of the oldest amphibian known from North America, Applied geology in the Lock Haven and Williamsport region, Clinton and Lycoming counties, northcentral Pennsylvania: Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists.

WOODROW, D.L., and SEVON, W.D., 1985, The Catskill Delta: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, p. viii, 246.

WOODROW, D.L., and SEVON, W.D., 1985, The Catskill Delta, v. Special Paper 201, Geological Society of America, 246 p.

WOOLMAN, L., 1886, Oriskany sandstone in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of, v. Philadelphia, p. 296-297.

WRIGHT, T.O., STEPHENS, G.C., and WRIGHT, E.K., 1979, A revised stratigraphy of the Martinsburg Formation of eastern Pennsylvania and paleogeographic consequences: American Journal of Science, v. 279, p. 1176-1186.

YEAKEL, L.S., 1959, Paleocurrents and paleogeography of the Tuscarora Quartzite (Silurian; Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia).

YEAKEL, L.S., JR., 1962, Tuscarora, Juniata, and Bald Eagle paleocurrents and paleogeography in the Central Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 73, p. 1515-1539.

ZEI, R.W., ROLLINS, H.B., WOOD, G.H., JR., KEHN, T.M., and EGGLESTON, J.R., 1985, Marine intervals of lower to lower Middle Pennsylvanian ("Pottsville") rocks of the Appalachian Basin, in Shumaker, R.C., Lyons, P.C., and Rice, C.L., eds., Depositional and structural history of the Pennsylvania anthracite region: Eighth Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates Program, Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, [Morgantown, WV], p. 105-120

ZELIZNAK, C., BROWN, S., GOODWIN, P.W., and ANDERSON, E.J., 1997, Facies patterns that define Wills Creek 5th and 6th order cycles: Enriched: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 32nd annual meeting Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, p. 92.

ZIEGLER, A.M., and MCKERROW, W.S., 1975, Silurian marine red beds: American Journal of Science, v. 275, p. 31-56.