composite culture.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Composite Fish Culture
Fish & Aquatic Ecology Unit
Department of Zoology
Rajiv Gandhi University
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EATING 100g FISH A DAY KEEP THE DOCTORS AWAY ……………
•World fish consumption -16.3Kg• Indian fish consumption – 9.0Kg
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Why fish culture?
• Provides nutrition
• Provides income
• Provides employment
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Where, fish culture?
• Low lying areas
• Perennial water source
• Accessibility
• Free from pollutants
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Types of Culture
Monoculture
Polyculture
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What is Composite fish culture?
Culture of different fast-growing and compatible species having different feeding habits, in the same pond is called “composite fish culture” or “polyculture” or “mixed farming”.
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According to the depth, a pond can be divided in to three distinct zones
I. Upper surface zone
II. Middle column zone
III. Bottom zone
A particular species exploits a particular zone
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Surface
Column
Bottom
Catla Silver carp
Rohu Grass carp
Mrigal Common carp
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In this multi-species culture system, the fishes utilize all the ecological niches of the pond 1. Catla (Catla catla) – surface feeder
2. Rohu (Labeo rohita) – column feeder
3. Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) – bottom feeder
4. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) -
Feeds on macro-vegetation
5. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) –
surface feeder
6. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) – bottom
feeder
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Surface feeders
Catla
Silver carp
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Column feeders
Rohu
Grass carp
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Bottom feeders
Mrigal
Common carp
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Management of Composite Fish Culture Pond
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Management practices
• Pre-stocking
• Stocking
• Post-stocking
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Pre-stocking managementa) Weed clearanceWhy?• Aquatic weeds reduce the living space available
for fish• Prevents entry of sunlight into the pond• Consume nutrients from the pond – affects the
production of fish food organisms (plankton)• Provides shelter to fish enemies• Causes obstruction for harvesting of fish• Excessive growth – upsets oxygen balance
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Unmanaged weed infested pond
Managed pond
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b) Eradication of unwanted fish
Why?
• The unwanted fish compete for food, space and oxygen with the fingerlings of cultivable carps
• Some fishes may prey upon the carp fingerlings
How?
• Dewatering ensures complete removal of unwanted fish
• In ponds, where dewatering is not possible, mahua oil cake @ 2000-2500 kg/ha-m depth is recommended
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Dry the pond until the bottom gets cracks. Help in eradication of unwanted and harmful micro-organisms, removal of some toxic gases from pond bottom, kill the parasites.
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Unwanted fish for CFC
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c) ManuringWhy?• Manuring ensures production of natural fish
food in the pond (phytoplankton & zooplankton)
How?• If mahua is applied, Raw Cow Dung (RCD)
should be applied 7 days after mahua application @ 5000 kg/ha
• If mahua is not applied, RCD should be applied @ 10,000 kg/ha, 15 days before the stocking of fish seeds
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RAW COW DUNG (RCD)
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d) Liming
• Liming is done after 7 days of RCD application
Why?
• Liming is done to correct the acidity
• It also helps to keep the pond hygienic
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pH of soil Type of soil Dose of lime (kg/ha)
4.5-5.0 Highly acidic 2000
5.0-6.0 Moderately acidic 1200
6.0-6.5 Mildly acidic 1000
6.5-7.0 Near neutral 400
7.0-7.5 Mildly alkaline 200
Dose of lime for different soil types
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Stocking
a) Stocking density
• A stocking density of 7500 nos. of fingerlings/ha is recommended
• A stocking density of 6000 fingerlings/ha would be ideal when the rearing period is limited to about 8-10 months
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b) Species combination• In North Eastern Region, the species combination and
proportion depends on the altitude of the place• In lower altitudes (upto 2500 ft msl) with warm
temperature – 20% Catla : 20% Rohu : 15% Mrigal : 20% Silver carp : 10% Grass carp : 15% Common carp
• In medium altitudes (upto 3500 ft msl) - 20% Catla : 10% Rohu : 10% Mrigal : 30% Silver carp : 10% Grass carp : 20% Common carp
• In higher altitudes (above 3500 ft msl & below 4500 ft msl) - 40% Silver carp : 25% Grass carp : 35% Common carp
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c) Stocking size
• Fingerlings of 100-150 mm size are ideal for stocking, particularly in the colder climatic conditions of NEH Region
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Post-stocking management
a) Supplementary feeding
• Rice polish and mustard oil cake is fed to the fishes in a ratio of 1:1 by weight @ 3% of their body weight of fishes
• The feed can be adjusted by regular monitoring of food consumption from the feeding trays
• Feed is administered twice daily – morning and evening
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• The feed ingredients – made a dough - placed in feeding basket
• For grass carp, chopped green vegetation are provided on feeding trays made of bamboo
• 10-15 trays will be required for a 1 ha. pond
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• Aquatic and terrestrial vegetation including fodder grasses and vegetable wastes can be supplemented for grass carp
• Grass carp is fed at least 1hr prior to the feeding of rice polish+M.O.Cake
• Feed for the grass carp can be provided on a feeding tray (made of split bamboo in a rectangular form)
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A view of the feeding basket
Feeding in progress
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b) Fertilization
• Periodic organic and inorganic manuring is essential for production of fish food organisms in the pond
• Cow dung is applied as organic manure @ 1000 kg/ha/month.
• Urea @ 25 kg/ha/month and single superphosphate @ 30 kg/ha/month are applied as inorganic fertilizers
• The inorganic manure should be applied by mixing with mud to facilitate slow leaching
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Mode of application of inorganic fertilizer
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Inorganic manure is normally applied after 15 days of application of organic manure
Fertilization should not be done during cloudy weather and when algal blooms appears
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c) Liming
• Liming is done once in a month @ 25 kg/ha (300 kg/ha/yr), two days after the application of organic manure
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Mixing of lime
Application of lime
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d) Raking
• Raking of pond bottom is done, a day after liming
• Raking can be done by netting or by dragging branches of tree or by a rope tied with bricks
• Raking helps in proper mixing of lime with the bottom sediment and also helps in the release of obnoxious gases trapped at the bottom
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Growth and health care
• The growth and health of fish is to be regularly monitored by periodic netting, atleast once in two months
• If feed provided is not consumed, either the fish are suffering from some disease or the water quality is deteriorated
• Quantity of feed needs to be adjusted based on the growth increment of fish
• A bath in potassium permanganate solution is necessary for the netted fishes, before releasing back into the pond
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Potassium permanganate bath for netted fish
Checking the growth of fish
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• If managed properly, a fish production of 2000-3000 kg/ha/yr can be obtained, with a net profit of Rs.40,000-45,000/- can be expected
Harvesting and Production
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Generally practiced for 12 months
Catla 800gm-1kg
Rohu 600-800gm
Mrigal 400-600gm
Silver carp 1.0-1.2kg
Grass carp 1.0-1.5kg
Common carp 800gm-1.0kg
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Economics (12 months culture period in a 1ha pond)
SNo
Items Cost (Rs.)
A.Expenditure
1 Weed clearance 1,000.00
2 Mahua Oil Cake (2500kg @ Rs.4.50/kg)
11,250.00
3 Lime (1500kg@ Rs.6.00.kg) 9,000.00
4 Cow dung (20,000kg @ Rs. 30.00/Quintal)
6,000.00
5 Urea (250kg @ Rs.6.00/kg) 1,500.00
6 SSP (300kg @ Rs.5.00/kg) 1,500.00
7 Fingerlings (@7500 nos./ha) 15,000.00
8 Feed i) Rice bran (2625kg @ Rs.4.00/kg)
10,500.00
ii) M.O.C (2625kg @ Rs.7.00/kg)
18,375.00
9 Netting 2,000.00
10
Miscellaneous 5,000.00
Total Expenditure 81,125.00
B.Return
2500kg fish @ Rs.50/kg 1,25,000.00
C Profit (B-A) 43,875.00
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Fish for healthFish for incomeFish for enjoymentFish for hobbyFISH FOR ALLGROW MORE FISH FOR A HEALTHY TOMORROW