comparison of open-source cfd software for aerodynamic
TRANSCRIPT
Comparison of Open-Source CFD Software for Aerodynamic Analysis of Mini-UAV
Tomas Ba�a ilJniv,ersity in Zlin Facu tv of Applied Informatics
Tomas Vogeltanz Department of Informatics and Artificial Intelligence
Tomas Bata University in ZHn
Czech Republic
17.09.2015
Content
• Free Software • Mini-UAVs • Aerodynamic Analysis
2
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Introduction Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• The aerodynamic analysis often plays a major role in the early stage of a design phase.
- Major changes during conceptual phase
- Minor changes after conceptual phase
• Incorrect analysis => loss of money • Suitable aerodynamic behavior is necessary. • Two options:
- Wind tunnel test
- CFD analysis
3
Free Software
Desirgn
II Ai rt:oi ITo ols . ,oom
0pHnVSP
.. ............... . ............. .
J,
� !i i[i[i!i[i�li[iliiliri '[iciiriiililililiiliriii ili r;..
i , , :: i
. Ii rii Ii
ri Ii
= L ·...... '.1 ,; cii ,a rO.6l.'Hrn a ,. Iii i rii Ii rii Ii ei • rii Ii cii Ii Iii I!
ri Ii Iii ililililirilili ilirililirilili,ilirili!i ilii"-
su2 Virew
". • • • • • • • • • •
CFD Ana lysis
( su1 )
Cod H_S atu rn e'
· . �.��.�.��.��.�.��.�.��.��.�.��.�.��.��
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Post-Prrooessi nrg
Figure 1. Free Software Connections
4
Free Software - Design & Mesh Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Design �j�j�j�jj - j.j�j��I�j�j��j�I� I�II.� • • : �---...
Airioli ITo oils. IQO m
II
enGrid
��-... ., I Lar,oste'rna I : '"---' :
su2 Vie:w
� .
Figure 2. Design & Mesh
• OpenVSP is a parametric and easyto-use aircraft geometry application.
• AirfoilTools generates the Selig and Lednicer airfoil OAT files.
• enGrid is an open-source mesh generation application.
• Larosterna is a design tool with an option to import a SU2 mesh file.
5
Free Software - CFD
CFID' Analys�s iii Iii Ii i Ii .'i Ii i illili Ii iii Ii Ii Ii .IIi Ii · �
·
,. • ,i • E SU2. ,. , • ., ·
� I OpenFOAM I ,. ,. OJ '. : Code�Satllrne I
, . ., '" ·
Figure 3. CFD Software
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• The Stanford University Unstructured (SU2) suite solves complex, multiphysics analysis and optimization tasks using arbitrary unstructured meshes.
6
Free Software - CFD
CFID' Analys�s iii Iii Ii i Ii .'i Ii i illili Ii iii Ii Ii Ii .IIi Ii · �
·
,. • ,i • E SU2. ,. , • ., ·
� I OpenFOAM I ,. ,. OJ '. : Code�Satllrne I
, . ., '" ·
Figure 3. CFD Software
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• The Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) CFD Toolbox includes:
- over 80 solver applications
- over 170 utility applications for pre- and post-processing tasks
7
Free Software - CFD
CFID' Analys�s iii Iii Ii i Ii .'i Ii i illili Ii iii Ii Ii Ii .IIi Ii · �
·
,. • ,i • E SU2. ,. , • ., ·
� I OpenFOAM I ,. ,. OJ '. : Code�Satllrne I
, . ., '" ·
Figure 3. CFD Software
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• Code_Saturne is based on a Finite Volume Method which accepts 3D meshes built with
- any type of cell (tetrahedral, hexahedral, prismatic, pyramidal, and polyhedral)
- any type of grid structure (unstructured, block structured, hybrid)
8
Mini-UAVs
• Common parameters of mini-UAVs:
- Wingspan < 6 m
- Weight < 25 kg
- Low speeds (between 20 and 120 km/h)
- Low altitudes (from 3 to 1000 m)
• Primary Requirements:
- Long flight duration - All-weather capabilities
- Success in missions
9
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
SAGITTA
Figure 4. SAGITTA UCAV Concept [1]
10
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
SAGITTA
1m 8
('f") 0\ N o .
Figure 5. Wing Planform of SAGITTA Demonstrator [2]
• Symmetrical airfoil - NACA64A012
1 1
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
AVIGLE
Figure 6. Wind Tunnel Model of AVIGLE UAV [3]
12
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
AVIGLE
o o o C\J "-
,--
0 0 I"-
250 " "
\
'0 ,0 l"-
\ 0 � C\!
400 � .-----
4'O'\;
I 300 I
.
);y-" ..... � . -
0, <::> � c � 0, a;I ""-. (\I
20� 1 5 0
200
1400 1850
Figure 7. Geometry of AVIGLE UAV [3]
13
1760
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
1 0 0
� <::> / / It) C\J
--
30�
200
Aerodynamic Analysis Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• 2 mini-UAVs analyzed in 3 CFD applications
- SU2
• ROE (Roe's Approximate Riemann Solver) • JST (Jameson-Schmidt-Turkel)
- OpenFOAM
- Code Saturne
• Results
- SAGITTA with Boundary Layer
- AVIGLE without Boundary Layer (enGrid crashed)
- SAGITTA without Boundary Layer (for comparison)
14
Aerodynamic Analysis - SAGITTA - Lift Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 8. SAGITTA Demonstrator - CL VS. a
15
Aerodynamic Analysis - SAGITTA - Drag
Figure 9. SAGITTA Demonstrator - CO VS. a
16
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Aerodynamic Analysis - SAGITTA - Lift/Drag Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 10. SAGITTA Demonstrator - CL/Co vs. a
17
Aerodynamic Analysis - AVIGLE - Lift Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 11. AVIGLE Tiltwing UAV - CL vs. a
18
Aerodynamic Analysis - AVIGLE - Drag Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 12. AVIGLE Tiltwing UAV - Co vs. a
19
Aerodynamic Analysis - AVIGLE - Lift/Drag Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 13. AVIGLE Tiltwing UAV - CL/CD VS. a
20
SAGITTA with and without Boundary Layer - Lift Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 14. SAGITTA Demonstrator with and without Boundary Layer - CL vs. a
2 1
SAGITTA with and without Boundary Layer - Drag Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 15. SAGITTA Demonstrator with and without Boundary Layer - CD vs. a
22
SAGITTA with and without Boundary Layer - Lift/Drag Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Figure 16. SAGITTA Demonstrator with and without Boundary Layer - CL/Co vs. a
23
Discussion and Conclusion
• CFD results depend on:
- Software/Developers
- Mesh quality of UAV model
- Modeler
• Wind-tunnel results depend on:
- Wind tunnel
- Measuring instruments
- Manufacturing quality of UAV model
- Human factor
24
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
Discussion and Conclusion Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• Open-source CFD software with an appropriate setting and mesh may accurately compute lift and drag coefficients.
• Time vs. Money & Repeatability • Similar results from OpenFOAM and Code_Saturne • SU2
- JST - symmetrical UAVs (or wings) with higher Reynolds number (1.7e6)
- ROE - asymmetrical UAVs with lower Reynolds number (2.82e5)
25
Summary
• Free software
Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• 2 mini-UAVs analyzed in 3 CFD applications
- SU2
• ROE (Roe's Approximate Riemann Solver) • JST (Jameson-Schmidt-Turkel)
- OpenFOAM
- Code Saturne
• Results
- SAGITTA with and without Boundary Layer
- AVIGLE without Boundary Layer
26
Future Work Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
• 3D-printed models -> wind-tunnel tests • Printed model � computer model • => more precise and objective CFD evaluation • Results
- PyFR
- HiFiLES
27
References Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
[1] SAGITTA, June 10, 2015, http://www.unibw.de/lrt13 2/Forschung/Projekte/SAGITTA.
[2] H6velmann, A., C. Breitsamter, 2012, Aerodynamic Characteristic of the SAGITTA Diamond Wing Demonstrator, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, 14 p.
[3] Holsten, J., T. Ostermann, D. Moormann, 2011, Design and wind tunnel tests of a tiltwing UAV, CEAS Aeronautical Journal, vol. 2, no. 1-4, pp. 69-79.
[4] AVIGLE, June 22,2012, http://www.fsd.rwth-aachen.de/English/Research/Avigle.php
[5] McCormick, Daniel J., May 27,2002, An Analysis of Using CFD in Conceptual Aircraft Design, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 152 p.
[6] Mueller, T. J., J. D. DeLaurier, 2003, Aerodynamics of small vehicles, Annu. Rev.
Fluid Mech, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 89-111,001: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161102.
[7] Vogeltanz, Tomas, 2015 (03/22), A Survey of Free Software for the Design, Analysis, Modelling, and Simulation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Archives of Computational
Methods in Engineering, 66 p., 001: 10.1007/s11831-015-9147-y.
[8] OpenVSP, August 19, 2015, http://openvsp.org/.
[9] AirfoilTools, 2015, http://airfoiltools.com/.
28
References Tomas Balal Univ,ersity in ZlIn Faculty of Applied Informatks
[10] enGrid - open-source mesh generation, 2012, http://engits.eu/en/engrid.
[11] Eller, D., Larosterna: about, 2014, http://www.larosterna.com/index.html.
[12] SU2: The Open-Source CFD Code, August 27,2015, https://github.com/su2code/SU2/wiki.
[13] OpenFOAM Foundation, OpenFOAM, 2015, http://www.openfoam.org/index.php.
[14] ENGYS Ltd, HELYX-OS: Engys' free-to-download Open Source native GUI for OPEN FOAM®, 2015, http://engys.com/products/helyx-os.
[15] EDF R&D, Welcome to Code_Saturne, 2015, http://code-saturne.org/cms/.
[16] Jin, Wonjin, Yung-Gyo Lee, 2014, Computational Analysis of the Aerodynamic Performance of a Long-Endurance UAV, International Journal of Aeronautical and Space
Sciences, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 374-382,001: 10.5139/IJASS.2014.15.4.374 ..
[17] Uragun, S., December 18-21,2011, Energy efficiency for unmanned aerial vehicles, 2011 10th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 316-320,001: 10.1109/ICMLA.2011.159.
[18] McAlpine, J.D., Computational Fluid Dynamics or Wind Tunnel Modeling?, 5 p., www.envirometrics.com/abstracts/CFDvsWlpdf.
29
Thank you for your attention
Tomas Ba�a ilJniv,ersity in Zlin Facu tv of Applied Informatics
Do you have any question?