comparing u.s. and soviet union the united states the soviet union capitalism private ownership of...
TRANSCRIPT
THE COLD WAR
Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union
The United States The Soviet Union
CapitalismPrivate ownership of
industryFreedom of competitionSurvival of the fittestLaissez-faire:
government takes a “hands off” approach
Creates different economic classes
Socialism Government
ownership of industryCreated as a
reaction to capitalismGoal is to bring
economic unity to people
Classless society
ECONOMY
Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union
The United States The Soviet Union
DemocraticGovernment by
the peopleTwo forms:
○ Direct○ representative
TotalitarianGovernment by
one or fewTotal control over
most aspects of people’s lives
No freedom of speech or press
POLITICS
Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union
The United States The Soviet Union
Freedom The condition of
being freeMost valued:
○ Freedom of speech○ Freedom of press○ Freedom to do
business
Equality Condition of being
equalMost valued
○ Basic needs met for all (food, housing, education, and jobs)
KEY VALUES
Comparing U.S. and Soviet Union
The United States The Soviet Union
Individual Stresses the need for
people to do things on their own
Competition: the best get to the top
Laissez-faire
EX: individual class work
CollectiveStresses the need for
people to do things together to benefit the whole
“all for one, one for all”
EX: group project
SOCIETY
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR:
Causes:
Cause 1: Ideological differences
The United States and the Soviet Union had
different ambitions post- World War IISoviets: Communist/Totalitarian government, state
controlled all property, economic activity, and the government
United States: Capitalism/Democratic, used capitalism which promoted private citizens to control economic activity and allowed voting
Cause 2: Wartime differences
During wartime the US and Soviets joined in alliance based on a common goalUS was aware the Soviets had been on
Hitler’s sideSoviets resented the US delay in
attacking the GermansSoviets were angered over the secretive
development of the atomic bomb
United Nations Met in San Francisco for the
first time on April 25, 1945 50 nations sent
representatives to form this peacemaking body
It soon became and arena where the two superpowers competed
Potsdam Conference July 1945- Big Three (US, Soviet Union, and
Great Britain) met near Berlin The US and Soviets changed their views after
the Yalta Conference
Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference
Compromise/ Outcome
Soviets would occupy Poland (and other countries), but eventually allow free elections.
Soviets refuse to allow free elections
Soviets set up communist governments in occupied areas, called satellite nations
Soviets wanted reparations (money) from the Germans
Truman refused this measure
Each Allied power could take reparations for their own occupation zones
Stalin felt justified in his actions because many Soviets were lost in war
1946- Stalin sates communism and capitalism were incompatible and war was inevitable
Map- Cold War-satellite nations
Foreign Policy- The policy of a nation in its interaction with another nation(s).
The US establishes a policy of containment- taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other counties.
Two political regions existed in Europe: West- Democratic, East- Communist1946-Winston Churchill made a speech that described
the situation as an “iron curtain”- division in Europe○ Stalin viewed Churchill’s words as a call to war
The conflicting aims of the US and Soviets became the Cold War- a conflict in which neither nation directly confront the other on the battlefield (1945-1991)
Map Annotation
Label country/countries Summarize what took
place. Outcome: What was the
result? Was the policy of containment achieved?
Korea Japan controlled Korea from 1910-1945 Japan’s troops north of 38th Parallel (38 degrees
North latitude) surrendered to Soviets and south to Americans2 nations developed Communist (north) and
Democratic (south)Kim Il Sung led the north1949- 500 US troops in S. Korea
June 1950- N. Korea crossed the 38th parallel to surprise attack the south to reunite the two areasSouth Korea asked the United Nations for assistance
○ Soviets were not present in protest and the UN passed a vote to take military action
KIM IL SUNG
2 days later Truman sent troops to S. KoreaThe UN troops were led by Douglas MacArthur
from WWII At first N. Korea was successful, but
MacArthur launched a successful surprise amphibious landing at Inchon as other troops moved north.Half of N. Korea troops surrenderUN troops eventually made it up to the Yalu River
(border of N. Korea and China) Chinese stepped in to fight in order to keep N.
Korea communistChinese eventually pushed UN forces out of N.
Korea and enters S. Korea
MacArthur suggested attacking Chinese cities with nuclear weapons to end conflictsTruman said “no” because he believed it would
cause WWIII UN and S. Korean forces eventually were able
to push Chinese back to 38th parallel MacArthur continued to push for war against
ChinaTried to go over president and continuously
criticized the president April 11, 1951-Truman fired MacArthur
○ MacArthur’s firing upset a majority of the public
He was allowed an address to Congress and stated “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.”
June 1951- Soviet Union suggested cease-fire and peace talks began
Two points: 1) cease-fire line, 38th parallel would split 2) DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) established between opposing sides
1953- Armistice signed to end the war Outcome:
Stalemate- nothing gained or lossCommunism containedCost American lives and moneyIncreased fear of communism
US, Russia, Ukraine
TWO VIEWS:
"He (John Kerry) made clear that continued military escalation and provocation in Crimea or elsewhere in Ukraine, along with steps to annex Crimea to Russia would close any available space for diplomacy, and he urged utmost restraint," the official said.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has insisted he has the right to protect Russian interests and the rights of ethnic Russians in Crimea.
DOT GAME
To Win:
Largest group of non-dots Only dot in the largest
group
DOT GAME-Procedures: Once the game starts, you will have
approximately a few minutes to form groups. You can ask others whether they are dots or
nondots, but players may not reveal their slips of paper during the game.
You do not have to join a group, but you cannot win the game unless you are in a group of at least two people.
You can be a part of a group only if that group agrees that you are a member.
If you suspect that someone is a dot, report your suspicion to ME!!!
SECTION 3: The Cold War at HomeMany Americans had a fear of communism
which worsened as China and parts of eastern Europe turned communist
American Government Combats CommunismRepublicans charged Truman with being
soft on communismTruman established the Federal Employee
Loyalty Program○ Purpose: investigate government
employees and dismiss those disloyal to the US
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated possible Communist threats inside and outside of the government.○First started with the movie industry○Believed that Communist influence was being
placed into films○HUAC called 43 witnesses to testify
Ten men decided not to cooperate because they believed the hearings were unconstitutional
Became known as the Hollywood Ten sent to jail
○Hollywood executives established a blacklist: list of people condemned for having a Communist background
1950-McCarran Act was established- made it unlawful to plan any action that might lead to a totalitarian dictatorship○Truman vetoed but Congress enacted law
Spy Cases in the USWhittaker Chamber, former Communist
spy, accused Alger Hiss of spying for the Soviet Union○Too many years had passed for charges
of espionage, but was convicted of perjury (lying under oath)
○Hiss claimed his innocence throughout the process
○In the 1990s it was proven Hiss had been involved
1950- Klaus Fuchs admitted to giving atomic bomb information to Soviets○ Fuchs stated Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
(communist activists) were involved in passing information
○ Rosenberg’s were found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death.
○ Became the first US citizens executed for espionage
McCarthy and his “witch hunt”Senator Joseph McCarthy was the
most famous anti-Communist activist during this time
Made many accusations without any supportive evidence
Attacks on suspected Communist became known as McCarthyism○Claimed to have a list of 205
Communists within the State Dept. (never produced list)
1954- McCarthy charged US Army ○In a nationally televised investigation, the Senate turned on McCarthy and condemned his actions
BIKINI ISLAND TESTING
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
DUCK AND COVER DRILLS
IMRE NAGY
Nikita Khrushchev
Sputnik
U-2 Spy Plane