Compare

Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock

Clastic Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock

• How do those layers form?• Order or process:

Weathering Erosion DepositionCementation

& Compaction

Mechanical Weathering

• Disintegration/rock broken into smaller pieces

– Frost Action

– Abrasion (river, glacial, sandy environment)

– Plants and Animals #2

Chemical Weathering

• Decomposition-rock’s minerals are changed into different substances.– Acid Rain

– Oxidation

– Hydrolysis

– Caves

Which minerals are susceptible?

• Chemical Weathering– Calcite

• Mechanical Weathering– Quartz, angular minerals

Chemical WeatheringWhat affects the rate?

Faster Chemical Weathering – Warm and Moist climate

Faster Physical Weathering – Cold and Wet Climate

Erosion

• The transport of sediments/particles from a weathered rock by– Water– Wind– Glacier– Gravity

Water

• Distinguishing Characteristics:– rounded edges

Wind

• Distinguishing Characteristics– Flatten sand surfaces: Sand dune

Glaciers

• Distinguishing Characteristics

– Striations-special scratch by minerals

Effects of ErosionLandslide

Mudslide

Evidence of stream Erosion

Evidence of Glacial Erosion

U Shape Valley

Sorted vs. Unsorted

Factors of Deposition

• Size

• Density

• Shape

Two types of deposition

• Water - sorted

• Glacier - unsorted

Alpine Glacier• Slow moving stream of ice that flows within

valley walls

Juneau Icefield in Alaska

Arrete

cirque

Horn

Continental Glacier

• Glacier that covers a large part of a continent• Ex: Greenland, Antarctica

Glacial Depositional Features

Moraine and Till

Till - Unconsolidated and unsorted rock material that is deposited by a retreating or melting glacier

Moraine – The accumulation of glacial till

Drumlin

• Elongated whale-shaped hill formed by past glacial action as it moves over the till

Drumlins in NYS

• South ends of the Finger Lakes - northeast of Ithaca at the northern end of Cayuga (Rochester to Syracuse)

Erratics

• A large boulder that have been transported into an area by a glacier

Kettles and Kame

• Hollows left behind by melting ice as the last remnants of glaciers disappear

Kame

• Small coned shaped hill of sand and pebble. that are deposited by stream into the kettle

Complete Illustration

• When glacier melts, deposits slump down at the side and form long ridges - ESKER