comparative study of achivement motivation and self concept among volleyball players of different...

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACHIVEMENT MOTIVATION AND SELF CONCEPT AMONG

VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ACHIVEMENTS

Dr. Tapan Dutta1, Dr. Sanjay Choudhary2

1 Associate Professor, Nagpur Sharirik Shikshan Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra.2 Assistant Professor, Shri Binzani City College Umred Road Nagpur, Maharashtra.

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to find out comparison of achievement motivation

and self concept among volleyball players of different level of achievement. A Total of 75 Male

volleyball players were selected as subjects for the purpose of the study i.e., 25 players each from

District, State and National level. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to 30 years. The

criterion measures chosen to test the hypothesis were: Achievement Motivation test questionnaire

developed by V. P. Bhargava and self concept questionnaire developed by Raj Kumar Saraswat. To

compare the achievement motivation and self concept of volleyball players, One way analysis of

variance, was used to determine the difference if any, among the volleyball players of different level of

achievement. When the difference was found significant, the LSD Post-hoc test was applied to

assess the significant differences among the group means. The level of significance was set at 0.05

level of significance. The result of study showed that in all the selected psychological parameters such

as achievement motivation and self concept significant difference was found among the means of

three selected level of volley ball players.

Introduction

Success and failure of an athlete depend on the blending of physical conditioning, training,

mental preparation and ability to perform well under pressure and co-operation of athlete with others,

so all the aspects (physical, psychological and social) are needed for an athlete. If one is lacking in

an aspect. It is very difficult to get success in competition. That’s why the coaches must not only

have the knowledge about the skill and strategies of the sport but also should be psychologically

skillful.

Performance in sports not only demands systematic training to develop physical physiological

variable and technical aspect of sports but also demands training and consideration of psychological

characteristics for success in this field.

Volleyball which is an excellent around team sport has become widely accepted as a highly

competitive as well as a recreational game throughout the world. It is now recognized as one of the

most breath taking and dramatic sports of the Olympic both from the players and spectators view

point.

Psychology as a behavioral science has made its contribution for improving sports

performance. It has helped coaches to coach more effectively and athletes to perform more

proficiently.

Motivation is essential to the learning process. The old saying “you can lead a horse to the

water but you cannot make it drink”, is an excellent may to describe the function of motivation in

learning. People can be placed in learning situation but if they are not motivated, they will not learn.

In the absence of proper motivation, not only learn process but life it self become an uphill task.

Motivation than is considered as that process by which a child may be prepared to respond to the

situations which are directed towards the achievement of certain predetermined goals or objective. In

the field of physical education and sports, no athlete can win or show better performance without

motivation.

Several kind of identifiable personality traits revolve around what could be considered the

athletes self-concept. Traits such as self-confidence self-assurance, self-enhancement and self-

respect all evolved out of this elaboration of a persons, self-image or self-concept. Self-confidence,

for example, has been identified as being high in athletes by Johnson, and found athletes to have high

senses of personal worth and self-concept.

Therefore realizing the importance of above factors the above study was undertaken.

Material and Methods

Subjects: A Total of 75 Male volleyball players were selected as subjects for the purpose of the study i.e., 25

players each from District, State and National level. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to 30

years.

Definitions: District level Players: District level players were those players who had participated in

District level tournaments and were not selected to represent their District in State championship

tournaments. State level Players: State level players were those players who had participated in

State level tournaments by representing their District in State championship tournaments and were

not selected to represent their state in National level tournaments. National level Players: National

level players were those players who had participated in National level tournaments by representing

their state in National championship tournaments and were not selected for Indian team to participate

in international tournaments.

Criterion Measures: The Achievement Motivation score was obtained by using Achievement Motivation test

questionnaire developed by V. P. Bhargava. The Self Concept was obtained by using self concept questionnaire

developed by Raj Kumar Saraswat.

Results:

Table-1. One way analysis of variance of achievement motivation and self concept (scores) in

points of volleyball players of different level of achievements.

Variables SOV df ss mss F- RatioRequired F- Ratio

Achievement Motivation

Between Group

2 1604.19 802.09100.14* 3.13

Within Group

72 576.96 8.01

Self Concept (Physical)

Between Group

2 1201.20 600.6063.35* 3.13

Within Group

72 682.80 9.48

Self Concept (Social)

Between Group

2 1225.79 612.9081.39* 3.13

Within Group

72 542.40 7.53

Self Concept (Temperamental

)

Between Group

2 1765.68 882.8479.25* 3.13

Within Group

72 802.32 11.14

Self Concept (Education)

Between Group

2 1404.59 702.3095.55* 3.13

Within Group

72 529.20 7.35

Self Concept (Moral)

Between Group

2 1659.84 829.92102.21* 3.13

Within Group

72 584.30 8.12

Self Concept (Intellectual)

Between Group

2 1621.76 810.88112.47* 3.13

Within Group

72 518.96 7.21

TotalSelf Concept

Between Group

2 52755.92 26377.96

583.11* 3.13Within Group

72 3529.20 49.02

*Significant at 0.05 level

The findings of the study revealed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as

achievement motivation and self concept of volleyball players of different level of achievement differs

significantly, as the obtained 'F' value among the groups is greater than the required 'F' value at 0.05

level.

Table-2. Post- Hoc test of significance for achievement motivation and self concept (scores) in

points and difference among the means of different groups.

District Level Volleyball Players

State Level Volleyball Players

National Level Volleyball Players

M. D. C. D.

Achievement Motivation

19.24 30.56 11.32*

2.0019.24 24.52 5.28*

30.56 24.52 6.04*

Self Concept (Physical)

24.50 28.76 4.56*

2.1824.50 33.52 9.32*

28.76 33.52 4.76*

Self Concept (Social)

21.84 26.20 4.36*

2.1521.84 31.72 9.88*

26.20 31.72 5.52*

Self Concept (Temperamental)

19.36 25.00 5.64*

2.3219.36 31.24 11.88*

25.00 31.24 6.24*

Self Concept (Education)

23.04 27.52 4.48*

1.9323.04 33.60 10.56*

27.52 33.60 6.08*

Self Concept (Moral)

21.64 27.16 5.52*

2.0321.64 33.16 11.52*

27.16 33.16 6.00*

Self Concept (Intellectual)

21.08 26.04 4.96*

1.9021.08 32.44 11.36*

26.04 32.44 6.40*

TotalSelf Concept

131.24 160.24 29.56*

4.95131.24 196.12 64.88*

160.24 196.12 35.32*

*Significant at 0.05 level

The findings of the study revealed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as

achievement motivation and self concept the mean difference value of District level volleyball players and

State level volleyball players, District level volleyball players and National level volleyball players,

State level volleyball players and National level volleyball players reveals that there are significant

difference in as the mean difference value between the groups is greater than the critical difference

value.

Discussion of findings

Motivation in general is a process which indicates why people participate is sports the way

they do. The urge to run and play when young, to excel when competing to struggle, when hundred

to prove something when challenged to escape when confined, to be aggressive when angered, and

to feel when frightened are typical of man as he matures and develops and moves through life’s many

dangerous and competitive situations.

Researches have speculated on the relationship of physical competence to academic skill.

Improving his or her physical skills may improve the student self-concept, when we feel good about

ourselves; we are perhaps apt to study more efficiently. In other words physical programme contribute

to the development of a favorable self-concept. Athletic programs can and should make beneficial

contribution to the self-concept of the participants.

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

The findings of the present study showed that State level volleyball players were highly

motivated in terms of achievement motivation than the other two selected group followed by National

level volleyball players, and the District level volleyball players had scored least in achievement

motivation test. It may be due to the reason that when person work for achieving something new he is

considered to be motivated with achievement motivation. The aspiration levels of such persons are

considered to be high and they show great determination in doing work related with achievement. They

feel happy with their achievement and they remain more anxious for their achievement. As the State

level volleyball players where found to be more anxious in getting selected for national side they might

have found to be more motivated than the other two selected groups. The National level volleyball

players found to be less motivated than the State level volleyball players it may be due to the reason

that the day when data was collected they where having their preliminary round matches and were at

ease which might have affected their mind set and couldn’t perceive the meaning of questionnaire

resulted in showing least performance than the State level volleyball players. Whereas least

performance was shown by District level volleyball players as the were found to be least bother about

their matches and where aware of the out come of matches to be played by them might have resulted in

low arousal level which indirectly might have affected their motivation factor related with achievement.

SELF CONCEPT DIMENSIONS

The analysis of data reveals that all 6 out of 6 self-concept dimensions namely physical,

social, temperamental, educational, moral, and intellectual differed significantly at .05 level of

confidence along with total self- concept when volleyball players of different level of achievement were

compared.

Physical Self Concept

Significant difference was observed between the National, State and District level volleyball

players in physical self-concept. The analysis of data reveals that in physical self - concept the

National level volleyball players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players

and the least scores have been shown by District level volleyball players. Physical self-concept

includes the individual’s view of their body, health, physical appearance and strength. Fitness may

have psychological consequences, because enhanced fitness level often has a positive effect on

one’s body image. Thus, improving one’s fitness through sport would increase his positive feeling

about his body and enhance his self-concept, thus physical self-concept changes as bodily changes

occurs.

Body build, energy level and body control are interrelated factors and are directly associated

with the state of physical fitness which further influence the self-concept of an individual. Thus

development of self-concept is based on physical competence.

Thus it happened to be the innate tendency of top sportsmen to remain in bodily healthful and

fit condition in order to execute high standard of performance over a longer period of time which assist

the sportsmen to gain stable recognition. Probably such awareness might have enhanced the sense

of physical self-concept of National level volleyball players due to prolonged involvement with the

game.

Social Self-Concept

The analysis of data reveals that in social self concept the National level volleyball players

have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least scores have been

shown by District level volleyball players. Social self-concept includes individual’s sense of worth in

social interaction. The effect of social self-concept on the behaviour of the individual usually depends

largely on how important the opinions of others are to him. Thus understanding of the self is enhanced

by social comparison or the ability to evaluate the self in relation to others. One’s perception of

oneself as a cooperative or competitive individual influences the performance level. Further high

levels of cohesiveness are associated with the greater success and satisfaction.

We know that success, reputation and recognition are earned at the cost of hard labor, high

coordination and lot of co-operation. Once the reputation is established, the individual sportsman

carefully behaves and effectively adjust with his own and other team mates, officials, and spectators

in order to maintain the reputation, which enhances social interaction. Because of such positive

reasons probably the National level volleyball players, who had lot of such experiences in the past,

were able to score significantly higher than other selected groups and thus significant difference

between these three groups was observed in social self-concept.

Temperamental Self-Concept

The analysis of data also reveals that in temperamental self concept the National level

volleyball players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least

scores have been shown by District level volleyball players. Success in the games and sports lies

behind many troublesome hurdles and it march with hard happenings. An athlete will be successful in

stressful competition only if he is able to evidence and maintain a degree of cool temperament and

emotional control.

The modern game of volleyball has became fast and played with vigor, where time and again

the tough physical blocking and spiking are committed by one players with the negative intention to

minimize the sharpness of rival’s efficiency which is usually done through playing with the player’s

temperament. On the other hand, in anticipation, the proficient athletes are likely to be more alert and

aware on this factor. Through the process of prolonged involvement with this game, the National level

volleyball players might have developed strong grip on their temperament and thus they have scored

significantly higher than that of other two selected groups in this dimension.

Educational Self-Concept

The analysis of data also reveals that in educational self concept the National level volleyball

players have shown superior scores followed by State level volleyball players and the least scores

have been shown by District level volleyball players.

Educational self-concept includes the individual’s view of themselves in relation to educational

institution, teachers and extra-curricular activities. High proficient athletes of the educational institution

represents their institutions in various competitions and as most of the National level volleyball players were

from the academy, the sense of belongingness and high esteem towards the teachers, educational values

and extra-curricular activities, gradually enhance. Thus, due to all these factors, probably, the National level

volleyball players scored significantly higher in this dimension than that of other two selected groups.

Moral Self-Concept

The analysis of data also reveals that in moral self concept the National level volleyball


have been shown by District level Volleyball players. Moral self-concept expresses the individual’s

estimation of their moral worth, right and wrong activities.

To attain high fitness level, National level volleyball players have to follow vigorous training

programme. They cannot indulge in socially unaccepted activities. They have to be more disciplined.

Further, in the game of Volleyball, the offences are strictly treated through application of

respective rules were the players are warned, temperately suspended and even are permanently

suspended depending upon the nature of offence.

Thus, high proficient volleyball players are expected to have high estimation of right and

wrong activities. Due to such attributer factors, probably the National level volleyball players scored

significantly higher in this dimension and thus, significant difference was observed between the three

selected groups in moral self- concept.

Intellectual Self-Concept

The analysis of data also reveals that in intellectual self concept the National level volleyball


have been shown by District level volleyball players. It includes individual’s awareness of his

intelligence and capacity of problem solving and judgment. New and critical situations arise frequently

in the game of volleyball. So, number of decisions and accurate judgment are to be made at the spur

of the moment. Thus, the considerable degree of intelligence, anticipation ability, judgment and

problem solving capacity within the shortest possible time is highly expected to overcome the

difficulties in volleyball. Probably National level volleyball players were highly equipped with these

qualities and thus they have scored significantly higher than that of other selected groups in this

dimension.

Total Self-Concept

The analysis of data reveals that in total self concept the National level volleyball players have

shown superior scores followed by State level Volleyball players and the least scores have been shown

by District level volleyball players. The total self-concept includes the sum of physical, social,

temperamental, educational, moral and intellectual dimensions of self-concept.

From the previous discussion it is evident that all six dimensions of self-concept showed

significant differences between the three selected groups. Thus, the sum of these dimensions is also

expected to show significant difference between these three groups. Because of such reason, probably

the National level volleyball players scored significantly higher in total self-concept than that of State

level volleyball players and District level volleyball players.

Conclusions.

Within the limitations of the present study and on the basis of findings, the following

conclusions are drawn:

1. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in achievement

motivation and self concept of volley ball players of different level of achievements.

2. The findings of the study also reveals that State level volleyball players were highly motivated in

terms of achievement motivation among the three selected groups followed by National level

volleyball players and the least motivated group was that of District level volleyball players.

3. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self

concept dimension i.e. Physical self concept among the three selected groups followed by

State level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior

among the selected groups.


concept dimension i.e. Social self concept among the three selected groups followed by State

level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among

the selected groups.


concept dimension i.e. Temperamental self concept among the three selected groups

followed by State level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to

be inferior among the selected groups.


concept dimension i.e. Education self concept among the three selected groups followed by




concept dimension i.e. Moral self concept among the three selected groups followed by State

level volleyball players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among

the selected groups.


concept dimension i.e. Intellectual self concept among the three selected groups followed by



9. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in Total

self concept dimension among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball

players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected

groups.

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