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C om parativ e m odelling G onzalo L opez I ak es E zkurdia Structural C om putational B iology Group Spanish N ational C ancer R esearch C entre (C N IO )

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Page 1: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

C om p ar at i v e m o d el l i n g

G o n z a l o L o p ezI ak es E z k u r d i a

S t r u c t u r a l C om p u ta t i o n a l B i o l o g y G r o u pSp an i sh N at i o n a l C an c er R esear c h C en t r e

(C N I O )

Page 2: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

GLU71GLU70

GLU67

LYS64ASP32

LYS76

W h y D o W e N eed H om o l o g y M o d el l i n g ?

D eta i l ed i n f o rm at i o n ab o u t t h e 3D st r u c t u r e o f a p r o t e i n c an h e l p u n d er st an d t h e m o l ec u l ar b asi s f o r b i o l o g i c a l f u n c t i o n .

P r o t e i n s ar e i m p o r t an t t h er ap eu t i c t ar g e t s an d 3D st r u c t u r e i s i m p o r t an t i n r a t i o n a l d r u g d esi g n f o r t h er ap eu t i c ap p l i c a t i o n s.

Page 3: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

W h y D o W e N eed H om o l o g y M o d el l i n g ?

T h e r a t e o f d ep o si t i o n o f seq u en c es i n th e d atab ases h as f ar o u t st r i p p ed th e r a t e o f d ep o si t i o n o f st r u c t u r es f o r m an y y ear s. W i t h th e m an y seq u en c i n g p r o j ec t s, t h i s d i f f e r en c e c an o n l y g r o w .

M o d e l l i n g c an b e a w ay o f ex t en d i n g t h e set o f k n o w n 3D st r u c t u r es si n c e ex p er i m en ta l t ec h n i q u es f o r d eterm i n i n g p r o t e i n st r u c t u r e ar e r e l a t i v e l y sl o w an d ex p en si v e.

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Sequences (millions)

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007

Yearly Growth of GenBank

Page 4: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

S t r u c t u r a l C o n ser v at i o n i s th e K ey

C h o t h i a C , L esk A M . E M B O J. 1 986 A p r ;5(4):823-6Sad o w sk i M I , Jo n es D T . P r o t ei n s. 2007. (o n l i n e)

E ar l y an d r ec en t c om p ar i so n s o f t h e st r u c t u r es o f h om o l o g o u s p r o t e i n s sh o w th at 3D st r u c t u r e i s r ar e l y af f ec t ed b y sm al l c h an g es i n p r o t e i n seq u en c e.

F o r ex am p l e, t h ese tw o st r u c t u r es h av e o n l y 20%seq u en c e i d en t i t y .

Page 5: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

T h e F i r st H om o l o g y M o d el

I n 1 969, b o v i n e l ac t a l b u m i n w as m o d el l ed o n th e X -r ay c r y st a l l o g r ap h i c st r u c t u r e o f h en eg g -w h i t e l y so z y m e. Seq u en c e i d en t i t y i s o n l y 39% , b u t t h er e w er e n o l o o p s, so th e st r u c t u r e d i d n o t v ar y so m u c h .

T h e p r ed i c t i o n w as p r o v en g en er a l l y c o r r ec t w h en th e st r u c t u r e o f l ac t a l b u m i n w as so l v ed i n 1 989.

Page 6: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

W h at C an B e M o d el l ed ?

T h e f ac t t h a t p r o t e i n 3D st r u c t u r es h av e b een h i g h l y c o n ser v ed d u r i n g ev o l u t i o n al l o w s u s to b u i l d g o o d q u a l i t y t h eo r e t i c a l m o d el s b ased o n st r u c t u r a l t em p l a t es.

I n th e ab sen c e o f ex p er i m en ta l d at a, g en er a t i n g m o d el s b ased o n k n o w n st r u c t u r es i s th e o n l y r e l i ab l e w ay to o b ta i n 3D st r u c t u r a l i n f o rm at i o n .

G en er a l l y , t h e h i g h er t h e si m i l ar i t y b etw een tar g et an d tem p l at e, t h e m o r e ac c u r a t e t h e tar g e t m o d el i s l i k e l y t o b e (l ess l o o p s, f ew er si d e c h a i n r ep l ac em en t s, f ew er c o n f o rm at i o n a l c h an g es).

I f i d en t i t y i s h i g h an d al i g n m en t s ar e g o o d , c om p ar a t i v e m o d el l i n g p r o g r am s c an g en er a t e m o d el s w i t h a r o o t m ean sq u ar e (rm s) C A er r o r l o w er th an 2A . W h er e si m i l a r i t y i s m o r e d i st an t an d al i g n m en t s ar e p o o r er , t h i s c an b e m u c h h i g h er .

Page 7: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

H i g h - an d m ed i u m -ac c u r ac y c om p ar a t i v e m o d el s ar e h e l p f u l i n r e f i n i n g f u n c t i o n a l p r ed i c t i o n s p r ev i o u sl y b ased o n seq u en c e al o n e.

L i g an d b i n d i n g i s d i r ec t l y d et erm i n ed b y th e st r u c t u r e o f t h e b i n d i n g si t e.

I t i s a l so p o ssi b l e to c o r r ec t l y p r ed i c t f ea t u r es o f t h e tar g e t p r o t e i n th at d o n o t o c c u r i n th e tem p l a t e st r u c t u r e ...

B ak er an d Sal i , S c i en c e 2001

A W i d e R an g e o f A p p l i c a t i o n s

Page 8: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

I n A , i t w as p o ssi b l e to p r ed i c t t h e si z e o f t h e l i g an d f r o m th e v o l u m e o f th e b i n d i n g si t e c l e f t - th e c om p l ex b etw een th e l i g an d d o c o sah ex aen o i c f a t t y ac i d an d b r a i n l i p i d -b i n d i n g p r o t e i n w as m o d el l ed o n PD B st r u c t u r e 1 A D L (62% seq u en c e).

I n B a b i n d i n g si t e f o r a c h ar g ed l i g an d w as p r ed i c t ed f o r m o u se m ast c e l l p r o t ease 7 b ased o n a c l u st er o f c h ar g ed r esi d u es o n t h e p r o t e i n .

B ak er an d Sal i , S c i en c e 2001

A p p l i c a t i o n E x am p l es

Page 9: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

T h e M o d el l i n g P r o c ess

H om o l o g y m o d el l i n g i s a 4 step s p r o c ess.

1 . I d en t i f y st r u c t u r a l t em p l at e(s)

2. A l i g n tem p l at es f o r m o d el l i n g

3. B u i l d th e m o d el

4 . E v al u ate th e m o d el

Page 10: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

T em p l a t e I d en t i f i c a t i o n

A d atab ase sear c h p r o g r am su c h as F A ST A o r B L A ST i s u su al l y su f f i c i en t t o d etec t st r u c t u r a l t em p l a t es.

U si n g m o r e th an o n e t em p l a t e i s ad v an t ag eo u s.

M o d e l q u a l i t y w i l l d ep en d o n th e st r u c t u r a l an d seq u en c e si m i l a r i t y o f t h e tem p l a t e(s).

I f t h e seq u en c e i d en t i t y b etw een t h e tar g e t seq u en c e an d th e n ear est t em p l a t e f a l l s b e l o w 25 o r 30% , h om o l o g y m o d el s ar e l ess l i k e l y t o b e su c c essf u l .

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

Page 11: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

A l i g n m en t s1aac DKATIPSEPFAAAEVADGAIVVDIAKMKYETPELHVKVGDTVTWINREAMPHNVHFVAGV : ... . :. .. :. ... : ..:::. :1plc IDVLLGADDGSLAFVPSEFSISPGEKIVFKNNAGFPHNIVFDEDS

1aac L--GEAALKGPMMKKE------QAYSLTFTEAGTYDYHCTPHPF--MRGKVVVE . : : : : ... ... ..... : :...:.:: : :::.:.1plc IPSGVDASKISMSEEDLLNAKGETFEVALSNKGEYSFYCSPHQGAGMVGKVTVN

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

I f an ac c u r a t e 3D m o d el i s to b e b u i l t , i t i s v i t a l t h a t t h e tar g e t-t em p l at e a l i g n m en t s ar e c o r r ec t . P ar t i c u l ar l y at l o w er % i d en t i t y t h e b i g g est er r o r s st em f r o m th e al i g n m en t s.

M o st c om p ar a t i v e m o d el l e r s u p d at e a l i g n m en t s m an u a l l y u si n g ac t u a l an d p r ed i c t ed sec o n d ar y st r u c t u r e an d ac c essi b i l i t y i n f o rm at i o n , an d c ar e f u l p l ac em en t o f g ap s.

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D eal i n g w i t h l ar g e g ap s

N o t a l l c om p ar a t i v e m o d el l i n g p r o g r am s r eac t t h e sam e w ay to er r o r s.

A – SW I SS-M O D E L M o d elB – B ac k b o n e T r ac eC – M o d el l e r m o d elD – N at i v e S t r u c t u r e

T ar g et-T em p l a t e a l i g n m en t w i t h l ar g e g ap b e l o w .

F r om W al l n e r an d E l o f sso n , 2005

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

Page 13: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

B ac k b o n e B u i l d i n g

Rigid Body AssemblyT em p l a t e st r u c t u r es ar e su p er p o sed an d a “f r am ew o r k ” i s c a l c u l a t ed f r o m th e av er ag e o f t h e c o -o r d i n a t es. T h e c o r e r eg i o n s ar e d er i v ed d i r ec t l y f r o m th i s f r am ew o r k . L o o p s an d si d e c h a i n s ar e ad d ed f r o m l i b r ar i es an d t h e eq u i v a l en t c o n f o rm at i o n s i n th e tem p l a t e st r u c t u r es.

Segment MatchingM o d el s ar e b u i l t b y assem b l i n g sh o r t , a l l -at o m segm en t s th at f i t “g u i d i n g ” p o si t i o n s f r o m tem p l a t e st r u c t u r es. T h e g u i d i n g p o si t i o n s ar e u su a l l y c o n ser v ed i n th e tar g e t-t em p l a t e a l i g n m en t .Satisfaction of Spatial RestraintsT ar g et st r u c t u r e r est r a i n t s ar e c a l c u l a t ed f r o m th e al i g n ed st r u c t u r es. T h ese sp ec i f i c r est r a i n t s ar e su p p l em en ted b y st er eo c h em i c a l r est r a i n t s o n b o n d l en g t h s, b o n d an g l es, h y d r o g en b o n d s, et c . T h e m o d el i s th en b u i l t b y m i n i m i si n g t h e v i o l a t i o n s o f a l l t h e r est r a i n t s.

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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B ac k b o n e B u i l d i n g - L o o p I n ser t i o n s

L ar g e i n ser t i o n s i n th e b ac k b o n e ar e d i f f i c u l t t o m o d el b ec au se th er e i s n o tem p l at e to m o d el f r o m .

A l t h o u g h i n th eo r y t h er e ar e m an y w ay s to m o d el a l o o p , th er e ar e som e c o n st r a i n t s, f o r ex am p l e en d p o i n t s h av e t o m at c h an d ster eo c h em i c a l r u l es h av e to b e f o l l o w ed .

A b -i n i t i o m o d el l i n g o f l o o p s i s st i l l f a r f r o m easy .

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

Page 15: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

L o o p an d G ap S t r a t eg i es

Gap filling T h e b ac k b o n e o f t h e m o d el m ay c o n ta i n sm al l g ap s (3 r esi d u es o r l ess). T h ese ar e r e l a t i v e l y easy to f i x si n c e th e si z e o f t h e g ap m ak es o n l y a f ew c o n f i g u r a t i o n s p o ssi b l e.

Canonical loops C an o n i c a l l o o p s ar e c om m o n l y o c c u r r i n g l o o p s an d t h ey c an b e u sed b y ac c essi n g a l i b r ar y o f c an o n i c a l l o o p s. 1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

Page 16: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

P r o l i n es

P r o l i n e m o d el l i n g i s an o t h er d i f f i c u l t y . E x i st i n g b ac k b o n e to r si o n an g l es u su a l l y d o n o t f av o u r su b st i t u t i o n b y p r o l i n e an d th i s c au ses th e b ac k b o n e t o b en d .

G l y ->P r o i s o f t en th e w o r st m u ta t i o n si n c e g l y c i n e c an h av e m o st c o n f o rm at i o n s w i t h o u t r est r i c t i o n s.

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

Page 17: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

S i d e C h ai n G en er at i o n

S i d e c h a i n p l ac em en t i s p o ten t i a l l y t h e m o st d i f f i c u l t st ep , si n c e si d e c h a i n s m i g h t b e i n m o r e o r l ess an y c o n f o rm at i o n .

I n p r ac t i c e th e d i st r i b u t i o n o f p o ssi b l e si d e c h a i n c o n f o rm at i o n s sh o w s th at t h er e ar e o n l y a f ew p o p u l o u s si d e c h a i n c o n f o rm at i o n s, o r r o t am er s.

I n p r ac t i se m o st si d e c h ai n s t en d t o b e i n o n e o f t h e tw o m o st p o p u l o u s r o t am er s, t h u s r ed u c i n g th e p o ssi b l e c o n f o rm at i o n s.

S i d e c h a i n s c an b e r ep l ac ed b y ey e, u si n g m o l ec u l ar g r ap h i c s p ac k ag es an d i n f o rm at i o n f r o m r o t am er d at ab ases.

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

Page 18: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

R o tam er C h i c k en an d E g g P r o b l em

S i d e c h ai n c o n f o rm at i o n s ar e p r ed i c t ed b y tak i n g i n t o ac c o u n t si m i l ar st r u c t u r es (c o n ser v ed r esi d u es u su al l y h av e c o n ser v ed r o t am er s), st er i c c l ash es an d p ac k i n g en er g i es.

I f m an y si d e c h a i n s h av e to b e p l ac ed o n to th e b ac k b o n e, si d e c h a i n s c an p o ten t i a l l y o c c u p y th e sam e sp ac e. T h i s l ead s to a "c h i c k en an d eg g " p r o b l em .

I n o r d er t o p l ac e th e f i r st r esi d u e c o r r ec t l y , a l l o t h er r esi d u es m u st a l r ead y b e c o r r ec t l y p o si t i o n ed .

T h er e ar e c er t a i n r u l es f o r c h o o si n g th e b est r o t am er th at m ak e c o r r ec t r o t am er p r ed i c t i o n p o ssi b l e.

T y r an d Ph e

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

Page 19: Comparative modelling - CNIO Bioinformatics Unitubio.bioinfo.cnio.es/Cursos/EstructuraUAM2009/... · structural and sequence similarity of the template(s). If the sequence identity

T h e P r o b l em w i t h S i d e C h ai n P r ed i c t i o n

T h er e ar e tw o p r o b l em s th at m ak e p er f ec t si d e c h a i n p r ed i c t i o n i m p o ssi b l e.

S i d e c h a i n s th at ar e r ep l ac ed ar e o f t en d i st o r t ed i n th e m o d el i n o r d er t o c om p en sat e f o r t h e r i g i d i t y o f t h e m o d el l ed b ac k b o n e.

W h en tem p l a t e st r u c t u r es h av e l ess th an 50% i d en t i t y t o th e tar g e t , b ac k b o n e sh i f t s w i l l h am p er si d e c h a i n r ep l ac em en t m eth o d s.

I d ea l l y y o u n eed a m eth o d th at i n c l u d es b ac k b o n e f l ex i b i l i t y i n i t s m o d el l i n g o f si d e c h a i n s, b u t as y et t h er e h as b een n o su c c essf u l m eth o d .

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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E r r o r E st i m at i o n

A l l h om o l o g y m o d el s w i l l h av e er r o r s. So , w i t h o u t an est i m at i o n o f t h e l i k e l i h o o d an d m ag n i t u d e o f er r o r s, t h e m o d el i t se l f i s f a i r l y m ean i n g l ess.

S i d e c h ai n s o r w h o l e l o o p s c an b e m i sp l ac ed . Som e er r o r s m ay b e m o r e c r u c i a l t h an o th er s.

T h o u g h er r o r ev al u at i o n m eth o d s c an i n d i c at e w h er e p o t en t i a l er r o r s ar e, er r o r c o r r ec t i o n i s st i l l n o t p o ssi b l e. H ow ev er , i t i s p o ssi b l e to m o d el t h e st r u c t u r e ag a i n to t ak e ac c o u n t o f t h e er r o r s. 1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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E v al u at i o n A l g o r i t h m s

N o rm al i t y i n d i c es c an i n d i c a t e h o w w el l m o d e l c h ar ac t er i st i c s r esem b l e ac t u a l k n o w n st r u c t u r a l c h ar ac t er i st i c s.

S ter eo c h em i c a l f eat u r es su c h as b o n d l en g t h s, b o n d an g l es, m ai n c h a i n an d si d e c h a i n to r si o n an g l es an d c l ash es c an b e ev a l u a t ed .

P r o g r am s f o r ev al u at i n g st er eo c h em i st r y i n c l u d e PR O C H E C K an d W H A T C H E C K .

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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E n er g y m i n i m i sa t i o n an d m o l ec u l ar d y n am i c s c an al so b e u sed t o ev a l u a t e m o d el s. M o d el s sh o u l d h av e l o w en er g y ac c o r d i n g to a m o l ec u l ar m ec h an i c s f o r c e f i e l d , su c h as C H A R M M 22.

Sp at i a l f eat u r es su c h as p ac k i n g , th e f o rm at i o n o f a h y d r o p h o b i c c o r e an d so l v en t ac c essi b i l i t i es th at m i g h t p o i n t t o er r o r s c an al so b e assessed . T h ese m eth o d s assess th e en v i r o n m en t o f eac h r esi d u e i n a m o d el ag ai n st t h e ex p ec t ed en v i r o n m en t .

P r o g r am s i m p l em en t i n g th i s st a t i st i c a l p r o f i l e ap p r o ac h i n c l u d e V E R I F Y 3D an d PR O SA .

E v al u at i o n A l g o r i t h m s

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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M o st c om p ar a t i v e m o d el b u i l d i n g a l g o r i t h m s st ar t f r o m th e p r i n c i p l e th at t h e b ac k b o n e o f t h e m o d el an d st r u c t u r e ar e i d en t i c a l .

I n p r ac t i c e, h o w ev er , c o n f o rm at i o n a l c h an g es b r o u g h t ab o u t b y d om ai n m o v em en t an d b en d i n g o f t h e b ac k b o n e ar e f a i r l y c om m o n .

B u t st i l l t h e m o st d am ag i n g er r o r s ar e u su a l l y c au sed b y i n c o r r ec t a l i g nm en t s.

H o w G o o d A r e H om o l o g y M o d el s R eal l y ?

2b b 2 an d

1 am m

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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E v al u a t i n g P r o te i n S t r u c t u r e P r ed i c t i o n sC A SP , E V A & L i v eB en c h

Sad o w sk i M I , Jo n es D T . P r o te i n s. 2007. (o n l i n e)

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H om o l o g y M o d el l i n g Ser v er s

SWISS-MODEL - w w w .ex p asy .c h /sw i ssm o d /SW I SS-M O D E L .h tm lA n au t o m ated c om p ar at i v e m o d el l i n g ser v er (E x PA S y , C H )

CPHmodels - w w w .c b s.d t u .d k /ser v i c es/C PH m o d el s/Ser v er u si n g h om o l o g y m o d el l i n g (B i o C en t r u m , D enm ar k )

SDSC1 - c l .sd sc .ed u /hm .h tm lP r o te i n st r u c t u r e h om o l o g y m o d el l i n g ser v er (San D i eg o , U SA )

WHATIF - w w w .cm b i .k u n .n l /g v /ser v er s/W I W W W I / W H A T I F W eb i n t er f ac e: h om o l o g y m o d el l i n g , d r u g d o c k i n g , el ec t r o st a t i c s c al c u l a t i o n s, st r u c t u r e v al i d at i o n an d v i su al i sat i o n .

3D-JIGSAW - w w w .bm m .i c n et .u k /ser v er s/3d j i g saw /A u to m ated sy stem f o r 3D m o d el s f o r p r o t e i n s (C an c er R esear c h U K )

ROBETTA - r o b et t a.b ak er l ab .o r g /R O B E T T A d et ec t s f r ag m en t s w i t h B L A ST , F F A S03, o r 3D Ju r y , an d g en er at es al i g n m en t s w i t h K *SY N C . L o o p r eg i o n s ar e assem b l ed f r o m f r agm en t s an d si d e c h ai n s u si n g a r ep l ac e an d sc o r e m eth o d .

SPARKS2 - p h y y z 4.m ed .b u f f a l o .ed u /h z h o u /an o n y m o u s-f o l d -sp ar k s2.h tm lT o p ser v er i n C M p r ed i c t i o n s i n C A SP 6. S eq u en c e, sec o n d ar y st r u c t u r e P r o f i l es A n d R esi d u e-l ev el K n o w l ed g e-b ased S co r e f o r f o l d r ec o g n i t i o n .

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SW I SS M O D E L - an ex am p l e

T h e SW I SS M O D E L ser v er c an b e u sed to c r eate 3D m o d el s o f p r o te i n st r u c t u r e star t i n g w i t h j u st a l i n ear seq u en c e o f am i n o ac i d s.

H er e w e w i l l f o l l o w th e o u tp u t o f th e ser v er step b y step as i t c r eates an ap p r o x i m at i o n o f th e 3D m o d el .

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F i r st A p p r o ac h M o d e

F i r st g o f r o m th e f r o n t p ag e t o th e "F i r st A p p r o ac h M o d e" (n o t t h e m o st o b v i o u s en t r y p o i n t ...)

E n t er t h e q u er y seq u en c e, eg :

>t ar g et seq u en c e M SK V PR N F R L L E E L E K G E K G F G PE SC SY G L A D SD D I T M T K W N G T I L G PPH SN H E NR I Y SL S I D C G PN Y PD SPPK V T F I SK I N L PC V N PT T G E V Q T D F H T L R D W K R A Y T M E T LL L D L R K E M A T PA N K K L R Q PK E G E T F

A l o n g w i t h th e seq u en c e th e SW I SS M O D E L ser v er r eq u i r es y o u to i n t r o d u c e a r e t u r n em ai l ad d r ess.

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S tep 1

SW I SS M O D E L f i r st sear c h es f o r h om o l o g o u s seq u en c es i n a d atab ase o f seq u en c es o f k n o w n st r u c t u r e (E x N R L -3d) u si n g t h e seq u en c e sear c h p r o g r am B L A ST P2.

R esu l t s f r o m th e sear c h ar e sh o w n i n o r d er o f E -v a l u e:

Length of target sequence: 137 residues Searching sequences of known 3D structures Found 12UCE.pdb with P(N)=5.0e-12 Found 11AYZ.pdb with P(N)=1.2e-08 Found 11AAK.pdb with P(N)=5.3e-08 Found 12AAK.pdb with P(N)=5.3e-08 Found 11UCZ.pdb with P(N)=1.1e-07 Found 12UCZ.pdb with P(N)=1.1e-07 Found 11A3S.pdb with P(N)=1.0e-05

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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S tep 2

T h e tem p l a t e seq u en c es f o u n d i n st ep 1 ar e ex t r ac t ed f r o m th e d atab ase. A l i g n M aster c r eat es p a i r w i se a l i g n m en t s b etw een th e t em p l a t es an d th e t ar g e t seq u en c e.

T h e p r o g r am S I M se l ec t s a l l t h o se st r u c t u r a l t em p l a t es th at h av e an i d en t i t y o f 25% o r g r eat er w i t h th e t ar g e t seq u en c e. T h e l en g t h o f t h e al i g n ed r eg i o n al so m u st b e at l east 20 r esi d u es.

T h e p r o g r am w i l l a l so d etec t d om ai n s. I f t h e tar g et seq u en c e h as m o r e th an o n e d om ai n th e st r u c t u r e c an al so b e m o d el l ed d om ai n b y d om ai n b asi n g eac h d om ai n o n a d i f f e r en t st r u c t u r a l t em p l at e i f n ec essar y

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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S tep 2 O u tp u t

Sequence identity of templates with target: 12UCE.pdb: 22.85 % identity11AYZ.pdb: 27.8 % identity12AAK.pdb: 17.15 % identity11UCZ.pdb: 29.6 % identity12UCZ.pdb: 29.6 % identity11A3S.pdb: 22.5 % identity Looking for template groupsGlobal alignment overview: Target Sequence: |====================================================================|12UCE.pdb | -------------------------------------------------11AYZ.pdb | ------------------------------------------------12AAK.pdb | -----------------------------------------------------11UCZ.pdb | -------------------------- 12UCZ.pdb | -------------------------- 11A3S.pdb | -------------------------------------------------- AlignMaster found 1 regions to model separately:1: Using template(s) 11A3S.pdb 11AAK.pdb 11AYZ.pdb 11UCZ.pdb 12AAK.pdb 12UCE.pdb 12UCZ.pdb 12UCE.pdb has been rejected, too low similarity with Target sequence (22.85 % identity.)12AAK.pdb has been rejected, too low similarity with Target sequence (17.15 % identity.)11A3S.pdb has been rejected, too low similarity with Target sequence (22.5 % identity.)

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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P r oM o d I I

Requirements

A . A t l east o n e p r o t e i n o f k n o w n 3D -st r u c t u r e. B . G o o d q u a l i t y a l i g n m en t s (m o d el r e l i ab i l i t y i s r e l a t ed to seq u en c e i d en t i t y )

Procedures

1 . Su p er p o ses r e l a t ed 3D -st r u c t u r e(s). 2. G en er a t es a m u l t i p l e a l i g n m en t . 3. G en er a t es a f r am ew o r k f o r t h e m o d el . 4. R eb u i l d s m i ssi n g l o o p s. 5. C om p l e t es an d c o r r ec t s b ac k b o n e. 6. C o r r ec t s an d r eb u i l d s si d e c h a i n s.

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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E x am p l e P r oM o d I I O u tp u t

ProModII trace log for Batch.1 ============================================================ ProModII: Loading Template: 11AYZ.pdb ProModII: Loading Template: 11UCZ.pdb ProModII: Loading Template: 12UCZ.pdb ProModII: Loading Raw Sequence ProModII: Iterative Template Fitting ProModII: Iterative Template Fitting ProModII: Generating Structural Alignment ProModII: Aligning Raw Sequence ProModII: Refining Raw Sequence Alignment ProModII: Weighting Backbones ProModII: Averaging Side chains ProModII: Adding Missing Side chains ProModII: Small Ligation (C-N < 3.0A) ignored; ProModII: GROMOS will repair it at residue ASP 73 ProModII: Building CSP loop with anchor residues THR 60 and GLU 63 ProModII: Number of Ligations found: (1) ProModII: all loops are bad; continuing CSP with larger segment ProModII: Building CSP loop with anchor residues PRO 59 and GLU 63 ProModII: Number of Ligations found: (10) ProModII: ACCEPTING loop 5: clash= 1 FF= 53.8 PP=-18.41 ProModII: Dumping Preliminary Model ProModII: Dumping Sequence Alignment ProModII: Done.

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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S tep 4

I n t h e l ast st ep th e p r o g r am G r om o s96 u ses en er g y m i n i m i sat i o n to o p t i m i se th e m o d el .

Gromos96 trace log for Batch.1============================================================

Now running PROCS1 on file batch-procs0.dat ... Done.Now running PROCS2 on file batch-procs1.dat ..Done.Now running PROGCH on file batch-procs2.dat ... Done.Now running PROMD on file batch-progch.dat ... Done.Now running PROMD on file batch-promd0.dat ... Done.Detection of SS-Bonds within batch ...

1. Identify structural template(s)

2. Align templates for modelling

3. Build the model

4. Evaluate the model

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M o d el 3D C o -o r d i n a t es

T h e SW I SS M O D E L ser v er sen d s o u t t h e c o -o r d i n a t es o f t h e m o d el b ased o n th e c o -o r d i n a t es o f t h e t em p l at e c h a i n s. I t i s i m p o r t an t t o r em em b er th at t h ese c o -o r d i n a t es ar e o n l y p r ed i c t ed an d ar e n o t as r e l i ab l e as ex p er i m en t a l c o -o r d i n a t es

I n f ac t t h e m o r e r em o te th e h om o l o g u e th e l ess ac c u r at e th e m o d el c o -o r d i n at es

A n ad d i t i o n a l ev a l u a t i o n o f t h e m o d el q u a l i t y i s h i g h l y r ec om en d ed (W H A T C H E C K , V E R I F Y 3D , ...).

T h ese ev a l u a t i o n s c an su g g est sm al l a l i g n m en t m o d i f i c a t i o n s an d /o r a l t e r n at i v e tem p l a t e se l ec t i o n f o r m o d el l i n g sp ec i f i c r eg i o n s o f t h e p r o t e i n (r eq u i r es c er t a i n ex p er t i se)

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Swissmodel Exercise

http://swissmodel.expasy.org/Go from the front page to the "First Approach Mode"

>Sequence1GSHMQSYQISSRLMAQEGQRTSVQTSSLIQSLFDFRLAALRIHQDSTAKNASLINALVSRDSSRLDEFFSSVDELELSNAPDLRFISSHDNILWDDGNASFYGIAQQELNKLIRRVAISGNWHLVQTPSEGKSVHILMRRSSLIEAGTGQVVGYLYVGIVLNDNFALLENIRSGSNSENLVLAVDTTPLVSTLKGNEPYSLDYVVHSAKDAMRDSFIVGQTFLEVESVPTYLCVYSIQTNQNVLTLRDNESVPTYLCVYSIQTNQNVRHQ

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A c k n o w l ed g em en t s

M i c h ael L . T r essA n a R o j as

S t r u c t u r a l C om p u tat i o n a l B i o l o g y G r o u p an d an y o n e el se I b o r r o w ed f i g u r es f r o m .