COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOUR TEACHING APPROACHESPREPARED BY MARIUM

GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

Grammar Translation Method, Sometimes also known the Classical Method, this is a traditional teaching technique that was used to teach Latin and Greek and was particularly in vogue during the 16th Century. The focus at this time was on the translation of texts, grammar, and rote learning of vocabulary.

AUDIOLINGUAL METHODWith the outbreak of World War II armies needed to become orally proficient in the languages of their allies and enemies as quickly as possible. This teaching technique was initially called the Army Method, and was the first to be based on linguistic theory and behavioral psychology.Based on Skinner’s Behaviorism theory, it assumed that a human being can be trained using a system of reinforcement.

NATURAL APPROACHThe natural approach developed by Tracy Terrell and supported by Stephen Krashen, is a language teaching approach which claims that language learning is a reproduction of the way humans naturally acquire their native language.

INTERACTIONIST APPROACHThe Russian psychologist Lev LVygotsky believed that language develops entirely from social interaction with other speakers.We learn a second language by interacting with people who speak that language more proficiently that we do.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSISAPPROACHES

GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD

THEORITICAL BASIS

None

The audio-lingual method , is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory, [citation needed] which postulates that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement.

EMPHASIS

The method has two main goals: to enable students to read and translate literature written in the source language,

Listening and speaking skills are emphasized and, especially the former, rigorously developed. The use of visual aids is effective in vocabulary teaching. The method is just as functional and easy to execute for larger groups. Correct pronunciation and structure are emphasized and acquired.

ADVANTAGESGRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD

• Easiest for Teachers to use.• Only use Textbooks.• Least stressful for students- teaching

occurs in the First language.• Students learn new language without

contact with native speakers.• It helps the teacher to clear the meaning

of a word and sentence easily by translating it in to the mother tongue.

• Develops oral expression without explaining grammar

• Easily applied to a large group of people.• Speaking and listening skills are better

trained.• All students stay active in classrooms.• learners are more aware of the phonetic

aspects of the language.

DISADVANTAGESGRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD

• No oral work takes place in the class room due to this method.

• The students don’t develop the power of thinking in the target language.

• Main emphasis is given on the Rules of Grammar.

• This method doesn’t involve the students mentally and just like story telling method.

• The main focus remains only on the mother-tongue and the target language remains ignored.

• Basic method of teaching is repetition, speech is standardised and pupils turn into parrots .

• New technology caught publishers and text-book writers unprepared - very few commercial materials were available in the early stages. Those that did exist stressed oral and aural skills and didn't develop reading and writing skills.

• The audio-lingual approach tends to treat learner as homogenous rather than creative individuals with different preference and aptitudes.

CONTINUEAPPROACHES NATURAL APPROACH INTERACTIONIST

APPROACH

THEORITICAL BASIS The natural approach developed by Tracy Terrell and supported by Stephen Krashen.

The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that language develops entirely from social interaction with other speakers.

EMPHASIS a language teaching approach which claims that language learning is a reproduction of the way humans naturally acquire their native language.

According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful tutor.

ADVANTAGES

NATURAL APPROACH Students have the constant attention of the

teacher so they can listen to and speak more English than they might in a group situation.

Students can contribute to classes more and feel part of the learning process by bringing material like books, songs, articles from local newspapers to class.

Their strengths and weaknesses are addressed more consistently and fully without the competition of other students for the teacher’s time.

No rapid Grammar instructions. There are less time constraints so they can

go at their own pace and not feel pressured by the progress of other students.

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH

Interactionist theory states that learning takes place with more ease if students are constantly subjected to demonstrations of what they are to learn.

The basis of this theory is that the ability of people to learn is based on their culture and surroundings. An advantage that can be derived from this idea is that everyone is in charge of their own abilities.

DISADVANTAGES

NATURAL APPROACH There is a similar potential for

exhaustion as they too can be in constant interaction in an unnatural way with the teacher.

It can be difficult to measure progress without other students to compare with and the possible lack of a syllabus.

It simply borrows techniques from other methods.

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH

Ellis proposed that sometimes interaction can make the input more complicated or produce amounts of input which overwhelm learners.

A more developmental account of both contexts and children is needed. Vygotsky's theory offers little description of contexts of children of various ages or developmental levels.

Vygotsky’s main focus as a learning theorist was to show how knowledge lies between the interactions with one another and our environment.