comp 111chp 1
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Subject Name Code Credit HoursInternet Fundamental and Applications
D.Balaganesh Lincoln University College
COMP 113INTERNET FUNDAMENTAL
& Applications
Chapter I
ByD.Balaganesh
Subject Name Code Credit HoursInternet Fundamental and Applications
D.Balaganesh Lincoln University College
Overview Of Computer
Data Hardware Software ResultProcess
Using Given
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D.Balaganesh Lincoln University College
Definition of Computer
• A computer is an electronic device.• It can accept data (input), manipulate
(process), and produce information(output).
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D.Balaganesh Lincoln University College
General Operations
• Computers can perform four general operations, which comprise the information processing cycle:
1. Input.2. Process.3. Output.4. Storage.
Subject Name Code Credit HoursInternet Fundamental and Applications
D.Balaganesh Lincoln University College
Data and Information
• All computer processing requires data,• Data is a collection of raw facts, figures and
symbols, such as numbers, words, images, video and sound, given to the computer during the input phase.
• Computers manipulate data to create information.
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Cont.
• Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful.
• During the output phase, the information that has been created is put into some form, such as a printed report.
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Computer Characteristics
• High speed.• Accuracy.• Reliability.• Mass storage of information. • Communication with other computers
through network like internet.
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COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
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Primary Components of a computer
• Input devices.• Central Processing Unit.• Memory.• Output devices.• Storage devices.
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Input devices
• Mouse.• Keyboard.• Touch pad.• Pointing stick.• Scanner.
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CPU (Central Processing Unit )
• Interprets instructions to the computer, performs the logical and arithmetic processing operations, and cause the input and output operations to occur.
• Performs all the calculations within the computer.
• CPU speed measured in MHz.
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Memory:
• RAM:Random Access Memory.Temporary memory.Electronic components that store data including
numbers, letters, graphics and sound.Information stored is lost when the computer is
turned off.Measured in Mbytes, i.e 512 Mbytes
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Memory
• ROM:Read Only Memory.Permanent memory.Chip that has start-up directions for your
computer.
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Unit of Information
• BytesOne character takes up about one Byte.One byte is equal to eight bits.Bits means binary digit.
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Cont.
1 Bit = 0 or 1 8 Bits = 1 Bytes
1024 Bytes = 1 KB1024 KB = 1 MB1024 MB = 1 GB1024 GB = 1 TB
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Output Devices
• Computer screen.• Printer.• Speaker.
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Storage Devices
• Floppy Disks• Compact Disks (CD)• Hard Disk• Digital versatile Disk (DVD)• Flash Disk
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Comparing Types of Memory Storage Devices
• Sometimes storage is a trade off between speed, capacity, price and reliability.
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Hardware and Software
• Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical
components of you computer such as the computer screen, mouse, keyboard etc…
• Software: Computer software is the key to productive
use of computers.
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Types of Software
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Software
• The computer hardware on its own has no intelligence and therefore must be supplied with instructions to perform any task.
• Software or programs, consist of step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task.
• Software is divided into two main categories: – system software and – application software.
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Types of Software
•Operating System Software.•Application Software.
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Operating System Software
• It is a program that controls the computer and enables it to run application software.
• It allows the computer to manage its internal resources.
• The software runs the basic computer operations – it tells the hardware what to do, how to do it, and when to do it.
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Operating System Software
• Examples of Operating system software:
Windows XP Windows Vista
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Application Software
Consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information.
Some of the more commonly used packages are:
Word processing. Electronic spreadsheet.
Presentation.
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Application Software
• This is software that help the user carry out specific task such as word-processing, spreadsheet, databases and presentation software.
• Application fall under two styles– Tailor-made: software designed for the particular
customer.– Off-the-shelf: for use by the general public
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D.Balaganesh Lincoln University College
Application Software
• MS Word ( Word Processing ): Word Processing software is used to create and print
documents• Spreadsheet ( MS Excel )Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add,
subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results.
Subject Name Code Credit HoursInternet Fundamental and Applications
D.Balaganesh Lincoln University College
MS Powerpoint ( Presentation)
• MS Powerpoint allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making the presentation.