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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CERTIFICATE APPLICATION

WesPac Tilbury Marine Jetty Project

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Environmental Assessment Certificate Application

Part B – Assessment of Environmental, Economic, Social, Heritage and Health Effects

Section 6.1: Socio-community Effects Assessment

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6.1 SOCIO-COMMUNITY EFFECTS ASSESSMENT

This section presents the existing conditions and results of the assessment of potential Project effects and

cumulative effects on Socio-community. The rationale for the selection of Socio-community as a Valued

Component (VC) and assessment boundaries are also described. Assessment findings, including identification of

Project interactions and effects, proposed approaches to mitigation, characterization of residual Project and

cumulative effects, and determination of significance, are presented. Monitoring and follow-up programs to be

conducted with respect to Socio-community are also described.

This effects assessment on Socio-community is linked to:

Noise VC as change in noise during project construction could increase nuisance which can affect community

health and well-being;

Economy VC as changes to social determinants of heath due to Project could influence health community

health and well-being, particularly for Aboriginal people;

Land and Marine Use VC as increased demand placed on local marine emergency service due to Project

direct use of services could affect marine emergency service demand and supply;

Current Use of Lands and Resources for Traditional Purposes VC as changes in access to marine areas

used for traditional purposes due to Project marine use could influence health community health and well-

being for Aboriginal people; and

Visual Quality VC as change in nighttime light during project construction could increase nuisance which can

affect community health and well-being.

Results of the Socio-community assessment were incorporated into the following sections in the Application:

Economy VC as change in demand for community infrastructure could affect local government finances.

6.1.1 Context and Boundaries

6.1.1.1 Context

The Socio-community VC assesses the Project effects on community infrastructure and services by considering

Project-related changes in the demand for, or provision of, housing, emergency and health services, and municipal

infrastructure.

Police service—Policing in the province is provided mainly by the RCMP (federal, provincial and municipal forces)

and independent municipal police departments (Ministry of Justice, n.d.).

Fire—The Office of the Fire Commissioner is responsible for administering and enforcing fire safety legislation,

while local governments are responsible for providing municipal fire services (Fire Services Liaison Group, 2009).





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Ambulance—Ambulance service is provided across the province by the BC Ambulance Service (BCAS) (BC

Emergency Health Services, 2007).

Marine rescue services—The Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) – Pacific Region is responsible for providing search

and rescue services in areas of federal responsibility, including the 27,000 km of British Columbia (BC) coastline

(Government of Canada, 2013b). The Joint Rescue Co-ordination Centre Victoria (JRCC Victoria), located at the

Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt, is responsible for planning, coordinating, controlling, and conducting

aeronautical and maritime search and rescue operations within the Pacific region. The JRCC Victoria is operated

by the Canadian Forces in conjunction with the CCG, and dispatches rescue vessels from CCG Pacific stations

and Royal Canadian Marine Search and Rescue (RCM-SAR) auxiliary stations (Government of Canada, 2013a).

Municipal services—Provision of services such as water systems, sewage systems, and other utilities are within

municipalities’ responsibilities (Ministry of Community, Sport, and Cultural Development, 2014).

Road and transportation infrastructure—Municipalities are responsible for construction and maintaining local

area roads while the BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MOTI) is responsible for highway

maintenance and repair.

Tsawwassen First Nation—The Tsawwassen First Nation Final Agreement authorizes the Tsawwassen First

Nation to make laws with respect to waste management through the Tsawwassen First Nation’s Drainage and

Sewer Regulation (Canada et al, 2010), as well as to regulate housing, health, social services, and public works.

Since the TFA came into effect, the Tsawwassen First Nation has enacted a Health and Social Housing Regulation,

the Education, Health, and Social Development Act, and the Social Housing Regulation. (Tsawwassen First

Nation, 2009b, 2009a, 2010)

Regulation and government context relevant to Socio-community includes:

Section 5(1)(c)(i) of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 (CEAA 2012; Government of

Canada, 2012) requires an assessment of an effect of changes to the environment that could result in effects

on Aboriginal health and socio-economic conditions.

CEAA 2012 Sections 5(1)(c)(i) and 5(2)(b)(i) are relevant to Socio-Community as changes to demand for health

and emergency services are linked to the health and socio-economic conditions of Aboriginal peoples and to public

stakeholders. These VCs are linked as changes in the availability of these resources—including fire and

ambulance services—potentially affects the health and socio-economic conditions of people using these

resources.

6.1.1.2 Valued Components

The process for identifying and selecting VCs followed the British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office’s

(BCEAO’s) Guideline for the Selection of Valued Components and Assessment of Potential Effects (BCEAO,

2013), as outlined in Section 3.1, Issues Scoping and Selection of Valued Components. VCs were identified

based on an understanding of the Project, input from consultation, requirements set out in the Application

Information Requirements (AIR), and experience with other marine infrastructure projects in BC. Concerns of





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stakeholders and Aboriginal groups regarding potential Project effects on Socio-community were identified

through Project consultations. Where available, traditional use information was applied to the selection of VCs.

Socio-community is a VC in this environmental assessment due to the Project’s use of municipal water and solid

waste (i.e., landfills) infrastructure and potential Project requirements for health and emergency services such as

policing, fire, and ambulance services. Community infrastructure and health and emergency services were chosen

as subcomponents of Socio-community. The Project will not be connected to, or use, municipal sewer

infrastructure.

The assessment of Project effects on Community well-being and nuisance effects due to noise and nighttime light,

was added to the assessment as a subcomponent of Socio-community in response to feedback received through

consultation on the draft AIR and Valued Component Selection Document. The community well-being

subcomponent adopts a social determinants of health framework, an emerging best practice for Health Impact

Assessment (HIA), which considers a range of factors that can contribute to and influence individual and

community health and wellbeing. Building the World Health Organization’s definition of heath which states that

health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or

infirmity” (WHO, 1948), methodological approaches to HIA address health through health determinants, which are

the factors that affect health outcomes. More locally, Metro Vancouver (n.d.) has defined health determinants for

Transportation and Land Use Planning Activities as follows:

Physical and biophysical environment;

Built environment;

Community and social factors;

Livelihood factors; and

Lifestyle factors.

Aboriginal groups have traditionally viewed health holistically (First Nations Health Council, 2011). For example,

the BC First Nations Health Council identifies health as a “holistic connection between food, work, culture, family,

and community” (First Nations Health Council, 2011). Other Aboriginal health frameworks have identified, Food

security, culture, self-determination, and equity as key health determinants (Nesdole, Voigts, Lepnurm, & Roberts,

2014; Reading & Wien, 2009).

While the Environmental Assessment Certificate (EAC) Application for this Project does not include a formal HIA,

the health determinants are addressed throughout the EAC Application in different discipline studies. Table 6.1-1

lists the VCs and subcomponents within the Application that include indicators linked to the identified health

determinants.





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Table 6.1-1: Health Determinants in the Tilbury Marine Jetty Environmental Assessment Certificate Application

Health

Determinants VC/Subcomponent Indicators (from AIR)

Physical

environment

Human Health Risk

Assessment

(Section 8.1)

Comparison of air, water, soil, and country foods

measurements/predictions to applicable human health

guidelines/standards and comparison of baseline

conditions to predicted application case conditions to

identify potential substance of potential concern

Socio-community –

community health and

wellbeing subcomponent

(Section 6.1)

Nuisance due to noise and nighttime light

▪ Perceived brightness during nighttime viewing

▪ Predicted changes in noise nuisance

Built

environment

Socio-community –

community infrastructure

subcomponent

(Section 6.1)

Water service demand and supply

Solid waste service demand and supply

Road transportation demand and capacity

Community and

social factors

Socio-community –


wellbeing subcomponent

(Section 6.1)

Social determinants of health

▪ Community connectedness and social support

networks

Socio-community – health

and emergency services

subcomponents

(Section 6.1)

Health service supply and demand

Police service supply and demand

Fire service supply and demand

Ambulance service supply and demand

Marine emergency service supply and demand

Livelihood

factors

Economy VC

(Section 5.1)

Employment

Employment income

Socio-community –


well-being subcomponent

(Section 6.1)


▪ Community connectedness and social support

networks

▪ Education and literacy

▪ Employment and working conditions

Lifestyle factors

Socio-community –



(Section 6.1)


▪ Social support networks

▪ Personal health practices and coping skills

▪ Healthy child development





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Health

Determinants VC/Subcomponent Indicators (from AIR)

Aboriginal-

specific factors

Current Use of Lands and

Resources for Traditional

Purposes VC

(Section 6.3)

Ability to access preferred harvesting locations for

harvesting land and marine resources for cultural

practices

Availability of preferred resources for current use of land

and resources for traditional purposes

Quality of preferred resources for current use of lands

and resources for traditional purposes

Quality of experience when accessing areas of current

use for harvesting and cultural practices

Socio-community –



(Section 6.1)


Part C: Aboriginal

Consultation

(Section 12.0)

Effects on Aboriginal Interests, including:

▪ Disruptions to the exercise of cultural practices that

may affect the cultural health of community members

VC = Valued Component; AIR = Application Information Requirements.

Subcomponents

The subcomponents chosen for Socio-community and the rationale for their selection are presented in

Table 6.1-2.

The assessment considers the following potential pathways of effects of the Project on Socio-community:

Change in demand for services and infrastructure due to potential direct Project use of such services, could

influence demand for health and emergency services and community infrastructure.

Changes to social determinants of heath due to Project employment and Project land use could influence,

both positively and negatively, community health and well-being, particularly for Aboriginal people.

Changes in nighttime light could increase nuisance to residents and land and water users.

Table 6.1-2: Subcomponents for Socio-community

Subcomponent Representative of: Rationale for Selection

Health and

emergency services

Fire, ambulance, police, marine

emergency services, local

hospitals, and health services

Medical and other emergency incidences due to Project

construction and operations activities would use local police,

fire, and ambulance services.

Community

infrastructure

Water, and solid waste and road

infrastructure

The Project would access water from the City of Delta, use

solid waste infrastructure from with Metro Vancouver’s solid

waste disposal system, and use existing road infrastructure

that may result in increased traffic.





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Subcomponent Representative of: Rationale for Selection

Community health

and well-being

Nuisance from changes in noise

and nighttime light

Project-related changes in air quality and noise could increase

nuisance to local residents.

Community health

and well-being Social determinants of health

Project-related changes in social determinants of health could

affect community health and well-being of local Aboriginal

people.

As indicated in the AIR for the Project, potential effects to population are not anticipated given the relatively small

construction and operational workforce requirements compared to the large Metro Vancouver labour force. As a

result, no effects to the health and emergency services or community infrastructure subcomponents associated

with increased demand for services due to population growth are anticipated.

Indicators

Indicators and measurable parameters provide a means of determining a Project-related change to a VC or

subcomponent. Indicators for the health and emergency services subcomponent reflect change in demand and

supply associated with each service provider as Project direct use of services could result in increased change in

demand for these providers. Similarly, indicators for the community infrastructure subcomponent reflect change in

demand for municipal infrastructure including water, waste, and roads due to potential increased demand due to

Project use of these services. Indicators of community health and well-being reflect changes to social determinants

of health that could be affected due to Project employment and Project land use, particularly for Aboriginal people

affected by the Project. Community health and well-being also includes indicators related to change in nuisance

due to Project related noise and light as these Project effects could result in nuisance to those living near the

project. The rational for the indicators selected for Socio-community subcomponents are summarized in Table 6.1-

3.

Table 6.1-3: Indicators for Socio-community

Indicator Subcomponent Measurable Parameters Rationale for Selection

Health services

demand and

supply

Health and

emergency

services

Number and type of

facilities/services

Number of medical

practitioners/populations

Hospital admissions

Increased demand placed

on local health service

due to Project direct use

of services

Police service

demand and

supply

Health and

emergency

services

Number and location of police

departments

Number of police officers

Case load


on local emergency

service due to Project

direct use of services

Fire service

demand and

supply

Health and

emergency

services

Number and location of fire

departments

Number of firefighters

Case load


on local fire service due to

Project direct use of

services





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Ambulance

service demand

and supply

Health and

emergency

services

Number and location of

ambulance stations

Number of ambulance staff

Call numbers


on local ambulance



Marine

emergency

service demand

and supply

Health and

emergency

services

Type and location of marine

emergency service providers

Marine emergency service

infrastructure and staff numbers

Emergency call volume


on local marine

emergency service due to

Project direct use of

services

Water service

demand and

supply

Community

infrastructure

Water infrastructure system

capabilities

Water usage


on municipal water service

due to Project direct use

of services

Solid waste

service demand

and supply

Community

infrastructure

Number and location of landfills

and transfer stations

Landfill capacity

Landfill waste volume


on municipal waste



Road

transportation

demand and

capacity

Community

infrastructure

Local traffic counts at key routes

and intersections

Road capacity

Consistency with local

transportation development plans

Increased local traffic due

to commuting workforce

and delivery of goods and

materials to site

Social

determinants of

health

Community health

and well-being

Measurable parameters for

selected social determinants of

health

Changes to social

determinants of heath as

a result of to Project

associated employment

and income opportunities

could positively affect

individual and community

health and wellbeing;

Changes to social

determinants of health as

a result of Project effects

on access to areas used

by Aboriginal groups for

food, social and

ceremonial purposes (fish

harvesting) could

potentially affect individual

and community health and

well-being of Aboriginal

people





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Nuisance due to

noise and

nighttime light

Community health

and well-being

Perceived brightness during

nighttime viewing

Predicted change in percent

highly annoyed

Change in nighttime light

and noise during project

construction could

increase nuisance which

can affect community

health and well-being

6.1.1.3 Assessment Boundaries

This section describes the methods used in identifying spatial, temporal, administrative, and technical boundaries

for the assessment of Socio-community.

Spatial Boundaries

The Local Assessment Area (LAA) and Regional Assessment Area (RAA) for the Socio-community

subcomponents are defined in Table 6.1-4 and shown in Figures 6.1-1 and 6.1-2.

The LAAs were established to encompass the area within which the Project is expected to interact with, and

potentially have an effect on, Socio-community subcomponents. In determining LAA boundaries, consideration

was given to the nature and characteristics of Socio-community, its potential exposure to various influences, and

the maximum extent of potential adverse effects on services and infrastructure.

The LAA for the Health and Emergency Services and Community Infrastructure and Community Health and Well-

Being: Social Determinants of Health sub-components encompass the boundaries of the regional government and

municipalities from which the Project may potentially source municipal services and infrastructure1. Metro

Vancouver, with a focus on the City of Delta and Tsawwassen First Nation, was identified as there is a distribution

of responsibilities for funding and delivery of services and infrastructure between Metro Vancouver and their

members. Water provision and waste management are shared between Metro Vancouver and their members

(Metro Vancouver is responsible for water provision, treatment, and delivery to municipalities, and municipalities

and the Tsawwassen First Nation are responsible for piping water to residents and businesses). The City of Delta

is responsible for funding and delivery of police and fire services, while ambulance service is funded provincially.

The LAA for the Community Health and Well-Being: Nuisance from Noise and Nighttime Light sub-component is

linked to the spatial areas where nuisance from noise and light could be experienced and includes the combined

LAA for the Noise and Visual Quality VCs.

The RAAs were established to provide a regional context for the assessment of Project effects. The RAAs also

encompass the area within which the residual effects of the Project on Socio-community are likely to combine with

the effects of other projects and activities to result in a cumulative effect.

1 The Project will not use Tsawwassen First Nation services or infrastructure; however, Tsawwassen First Nation does receive water and emergency services from the same service providers that will be servicing the Project. Tsawwassen First Nation is a member of Metro Vancouver.





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Table 6.1-4: Spatial Boundary Definitions for Socio-community

Spatial Boundary Description of Assessment Area

Health and Emergency Services and Community Infrastructure

Local Assessment Area (LAA) Metro Vancouver with a focus on the City of Delta

Regional Assessment Area (RAA) Metro Vancouver

Cumulative effects Assessment Area Same as RAA

Community Health and Well-Being: Social Determinants of Health

Local Assessment Area (LAA) Metro Vancouver with a focus on the City of Delta

Regional Assessment Area (RAA) Metro Vancouver

Cumulative effects Assessment Area Same as RAA

Community Health and Well-Being: Nuisance from Noise and Nighttime Light

Local Assessment Area (LAA) The combined LAA for the Noise and Visual Quality VCs

Regional Assessment Area (RAA) The combined RAA for the Noise and Visual Quality VCs

Cumulative effects Assessment Area Same as the RAA

Temporal Boundaries

Temporal characteristics of the Project’s construction, operation, and decommissioning phases are defined in

Section 1.0, Project Description. In summary, the temporal boundaries established for the assessment of Project

effects on Socio-community encompass these Project phases:

Construction — 2019 to 2023 (just over three years);

Operation — 2023 to 2053 (30 years minimum); and

Decommissioning — 2053 or later (one year).

The temporal boundaries provided above vary from those presented in the AIR. Rationale for this change is

provided in Section 3.0.

The data presented to characterize existing conditions describe the LAA communities in specific periods of time.

Where available and relevant, historical trend data are presented to describe change over time with respect to a

specific indicator. The most recent relevant datasets are presented in this study. For example, the Canadian

Census data collected in 2016 provide the most recent population and demographic information for the City of

Delta and Metro Vancouver and were used to reflect recent existing conditions.

Temporal characteristics specific to Socio-community are considered in Section 6.1.2, Existing Conditions.





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Administrative Boundaries

Existing conditions and potential Project effects pertaining to Socio-community subcomponents are defined

administratively through municipal boundaries, Aboriginal community boundaries, and regional metropolitan area

boundaries. The administrative boundaries of Metro Vancouver, the City of Delta, and Tsawwassen First Nation

reflect jurisdictional areas for management of housing, health care, emergency services, water, and waste, as well

as administrative boundaries for data analysis and reporting.

Technical Boundaries

Technical boundaries refer to the constraints imposed on an EA by limitations in the ability to predict the effects of

a project, such as limitations in information, data analysis, and data interpretation relative to a particular VC. The

baseline information presented in Section 6.1.2 from publicly available sources is considered reliable and was

supplemented with information obtained from interviews.

The prediction of effects on Socio-community also depends on the technical boundaries of the VC assessments

on which the Socio-community assessment depends (i.e., those identified in Section 4.5, Noise; Section 6.2

Land and Marine Use; Section 6.3 Current Use of Land and Resources for Traditional Purposes and Section

6.4, Visual Quality). Technical boundaries outlined in Section 6.2 Land and Marine Use; Section 6.3 Current

Use of Land and Resources for Traditional Purposes were taken into account in the Socio-community analysis.

No technical boundaries were identified in Section 4.5, Noise and Section 6.4, Visual Quality.

6.1.2 Existing Conditions

6.1.2.1 Information Sources

In 2015, the WesPac Midstream–Vancouver LLC (WesPac) initiated desktop and primary data collection studies

to support the assessment of effects on Socio-community that were designed to address known data gaps. Past

projects were considered in the existing conditions descriptions for the Socio-community sub-component. The

objectives of the relevant studies are summarized in Table 6.1-5.

A review of existing information was conducted to support the characterization of existing conditions for the Socio-

community; these included the following sources:

Statistics Canada 2016, 2011, and 2006 Census and 2011 National Household Survey community and

Aboriginal profile data;

BC Stats population estimates and projections;

Aboriginal groups’, municipalities’, and municipal service providers’ websites, news releases, and reporting;

Reporting from BC provincial ministries such as the BC Ministry of Health and MOTI; and

Documentation from local health and emergency service providers such as hospital foundations, BCAS, Delta

Police Department (DPD), and Delta Fire and Emergency Services (Delta Fire).





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Primary data collection with key informants was also undertaken to supplement existing conditions data. Building

on available information from secondary sources, these information interviews were designed to address known

data gaps. Phone-based interviews were conducted with key informants to obtain information on the historical,

present, and future infrastructure and community service usage and needs in the LAA. Interviewees were selected

based on their knowledge and expertise as representatives of service providers in the LAA. Individuals who were

interviewed or provided data for this report included representatives from the City of Delta, BC Ambulance, and

the Canadian Coast Guard. Personal communications with key informants are referenced throughout the report.

Information was also provided directly by Aboriginal groups. Prior to submission of the EAC Application, Aboriginal

groups’ baseline information was provided to each Schedule B Aboriginal groups for their review and comment.

Information and data sources are listed in Section 6.1.7, References.

Table 6.1-5: Studies to Support the Socio-community Assessment

Study Name Study Purpose Study

Available At

Baseline study

desktop review

Existing published sources, including Statistics Canada Datasets, municipal

planning document, and municipal reports were reviewed to develop baseline

understanding of conditions in the LAA and RAA.

Section 1.2.2

Information

Interviews

Primary source information was collected through phone interviews with

representatives of regional services providers and municipal departments

responsible for infrastructure and community services as well as representatives

of the CCG.

Section 1.2.2

LAA = Local Assessment Area; RAA = Regional Assessment Area; CCG = Canadian Coast Guard.

6.1.2.2 Traditional Use and Traditional Ecological Knowledge Incorporation

Information on traditional use and traditional ecological knowledge (TU/TEK) was gathered from Project-specific

studies undertaken by Aboriginal Groups and from publicly-available sources.

TU/TEK sources were reviewed for information that could contribute to an understanding of health and wellbeing.

The main sources of this information included:

An expert report produced on behalf of Tsleil-Waututh Nation, in relation to the Project (Morin, 2016)

An expert report produced on behalf of Kwantlen First Nation, in relation to the Project (Jones & McLaren,

2016)

Comments produced on behalf of Métis Nation British Columbia, in response to the Draft Aboriginal

Consultation Report (Gall, 2016)

Other documents and export reports prepared for other projects in the vicinity of the Project site including the

George Massey Tunnel replacement project (Charlie, 2015; Kennedy, 2015) and the Pattullo Bridge

replacement project (Marshall, 2017)





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TU/TEK information, as obtained through consultation with Aboriginal groups and available through other sources

provided no specific information on health and wellbeing. However, it was noted that the increased potential of an

LNG spill from the Project could have impacts on the salmon and Aboriginal groups (Jones & McLaren, 2016).

The Cowichan Nation notes that they relied on resources on the lower Fraser River for community physical, mental

and spiritual health (Charlie, 2015). Access to these traditional resources has been limited by the privatization of

traditional lands and habitat loss (Brealey, 2010; Charlie, 2015). For a full summary of TU/TEK information, refer

to Part C of this application.

6.1.2.3 Regulatory and Government Context

The following legislation and regulations are a factor in the assessment of the project’s potential effects on socio-

community subcomponents.

Health and Emergency Services

In Canada, most health care services are publicly funded and provided through a provincial government. The

federal government is responsible for Aboriginal health service provision and for allocating health care funds to

the provinces under the Canada Health Act (Government of Canada, 1985). Provincial legislation and regulations

for health care in BC are administered by the Ministry of Health. The Ministry directly manages numerous

healthcare programs and services, including the Medical Services Plan, the Vital Statistics Agency, and

PharmaCare (BC Ministry of Health, 2016a). There are five regional health authorities in BC that govern, plan, and

deliver health services to their communities. Fraser Health and Vancouver Coastal Health provide health services

to the Metro Vancouver area (BC Ministry of Health, 2016a).

Under the Police Act (British Columbia, 1996), municipalities with populations 5,000 and over must provide their

own law enforcement either by forming their own police department, contracting an existing police department, or

contracting with the provincial government for RCMP services (Government of BC, 2018d). Municipal police

departments are governed by municipal police boards. Each police board is chaired by the municipality's mayor

and consists of one person appointed by the municipal council and up to seven people appointed by the Province

(Government of BC, 2018c).

Ambulance services are provided by the BCAS operating under the authority of the Emergency and Health

Services Commission, as mandated in the Emergency Health Services Act (Government of British Columbia,

1996a). The BC Ministry of Health directly manages the Emergency and Health Services Commission (ambulance

services). Local governments are responsible for providing municipal fire services. Guidance is provided by the

BC Fire Code, which includes regulations in the Fire Services Act (Government of British Columbia, 1996b).

The CCG is responsible for the screening of vessel traffic and regulating and managing of vessel traffic for marine

risk reduction under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 (Government of Canada, 2001). The CCG, through the Marine

Communications and Traffic Services (MCTS) program, also supports vessel traffic movement and facilitates

communications between ships and land.





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Community Infrastructure

The Community Charter (Government of BC, 2003) describes the principles for municipal-provincial relations and

delineates the areas in which municipalities are autonomous in the regulation, prohibition, and imposition of the

statute’s requirements (Government of BC, 2018b). Through the Community Charter, water, wastewater, and

solid waste management systems and other utilities, for example, are deemed to be areas in which municipalities

have jurisdiction. The Local Government Act (Government of BC, 2015) is the primary legislation for regional

districts, providing the framework for structure and operations, as well as authorities for municipalities and regional

districts regarding planning and land use (Government of BC, 2018a).

Community Health and Well-Being

There are no regulations directly guiding community health and well-being, however, the BC Ministry of Health has

adopted A Framework for Core Functions in Public Health (Ministry of Health Services, 2005), which includes

strategies focusing on health promotion, health protection, disease and injury prevention, health assessment, and

disease surveillance. Various health programs support these strategies, including those focused on health

improvement (e.g., improve overall health and well-being, health development and health communities, healthy

living, mental health promotion), and disease, injury, and disability prevention (including unintentional injury

prevention, prevention of violence, abuse and neglect, prevention of mental disorders and substance abuse,

communicable disease prevention and control, prevention of disability).

6.1.2.4 Description of Existing Conditions

This section describes the existing conditions of Socio-community, as well as the surrounding environment and

factors influencing Socio-community.

Background Information: Population

The City of Delta is located in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia and is one of the 21-member municipality

of Metro Vancouver. Delta is the seventh largest municipality in Metro Vancouver in terms of population. The 2016

Census population for the City of Delta was 102,238, an increase of 5.8% since 2006 (Table 6.1-6). In 2016, 2.7%

of Delta residents identified as Aboriginal, which is similar to Metro Vancouver (2.5%).

Table 6.1-6: Population Change, 2006 to 2016

City of Delta Metro Vancouver BC

Population in 2016 102,238 2,463,431 4,648,055

Population in 2011 99,863 2,313,328 4,400,057

Population in 2006 96,635 2,116,581 4,113,487

Percent change 2006 to 2016 5.8% 16.4% 13.0%

Median Age of the Population in 2016 44.4 40.9 43

Percent Population 15 years and over 84.0% 85.3% 85.1%

Aboriginal Identity 2016 Census 2.7% 2.5% 5.9%

Source: (Statistics Canada, 2007b, 2007a, 2012b, 2012a, 2017a, 2017b)





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Population change in the City of Delta showed a decline between 2001 and 2006 but has since shown growth

(albeit minimal) (Figure 6.1-3). This is a different pattern than that seen for Metro Vancouver where population has

steadily increased year over year since 2001 with an average growth of 2.7% per year compared to 0.1% in Delta

over the same time period. The minimal population growth in Delta as compared to Vancouver has been attributed

to a limited land base in Delta for residential development (Gyarmati, Sandor, 2012). Almost 50% of the municipal

land base in Delta is part of the Agricultural Land Reserve, and the Burns Bog Ecological Conservancy accounts

for approximately 25% of Delta’s land base.

Source: (BC Stats, 2017)

Figure 6.1-3: Population Estimates, Delta and Metro Vancouver 2001 to 2017

Population growth is projected to continue increasing for the City of Delta between 2018 and 2041, growing from

103,878 to 115,408 (Source: (BC Stats, 2017)

Figure 6.1-4), a growth of 11.1% over 23 years. Yearly growth rate is projected at approximately 0.5% until 2033

when growth is projected to decline to 0.4% then to 0.3% in 2038 (BC Stats, 2017). By comparison, population

growth in Metro Vancouver is expected to increase by 31.1% over the same time period. Year to year growth is

expected range from 1.0% to 1.4% until 2040 when growth is projected to decline to 0.9% (BC Stats, 2017).

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

97,000

98,000

99,000

100,000

101,000

102,000

103,000

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

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14

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15

20

16

20

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Met

ro V

anco

uve

r

Del

ta

Delta Metro Vancouver





15

Source: (BC Stats, 2017) Figure 6.1-4: Population Projections, Delta and Metro Vancouver 2018 to 2041

Health Services

6.1.2.4.2.1 Regional Overview

Vancouver Coastal Health and Fraser Health are the two health authorities in the Metro Vancouver area.

Vancouver Coastal Health delivers health services in Vancouver, Richmond, and North and West Vancouver.

Fraser Health provides health services to Burnaby, Delta, Surrey, Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, Port Moody, Pitt

Meadows, Maple Ridge, White Rock, the City of Langley, and the Township of Langley, as well as the Fraser

Valley Regional District municipalities of Abbotsford, Chilliwack, Mission, Kent, Harrison Hot Springs, Hope, and

Agassiz. There are 15 hospitals in Metro Vancouver, in addition to other public health services such as residential

care, home and community care, mental health and substance use care, and hospice and palliative care.

6.1.2.4.2.2 Health Services in the Local Assessment Area

In the event of a medical incident at one of the Tilbury Island facilities, patients are transported to hospital. Minor

injury care patients will be transferred to the local Delta Hospital, while trauma patients will be transported to the

Royal Columbian Hospital or Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) (PMV, 2015).

The Delta Hospital is a Level II community hospital with 58 acute care beds and 92 residential care beds at the

adjacent Mountain View Manor. Services include a 24-hour emergency room, surgical day centre, ambulatory

care, diagnostic imaging, laboratory, and out-patient services (Delta Hospital Foundation, 2017). The Delta

Hospital Foundation recently completed a fundraising effort for an expansion to enhance laboratory and medical

imaging capabilities at the hospital (Royal Columbian Hospital, 2017a).

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

98,000

100,000

102,000

104,000

106,000

108,000

110,000

112,000

114,000

116,000

118,0002

01

82

01

92

02

02

02

12

02

22

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32

02

42

02

52

02

62

02

72

02

82

02

92

03

02

03

12

03

22

03

32

03

42

03

52

03

62

03

72

03

82

03

92

04

02

04

1

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anco

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r

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ta

Delta Metro Vancouver





16

In the event of a trauma case at the existing Tilbury industrial developments, patients are transferred directly to

Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster or to VGH (BC Ambulance, 2015, Pers. Comm.). Royal Columbian

Hospital is a 450 acute care bed hospital located in New Westminster, approximately a 30-minute drive from

Tilbury Island (Royal Columbian Hospital, 2017b). Royal Columbian is a provincially designated hospital for

cardiac, trauma, neuroscience, high risk maternity, and neonatal care (Royal Columbian Hospital, 2017a). A

Level I trauma centre, Royal Columbian is the only trauma-designated centre in the Fraser Health and receives

approximately 60,000 emergency patients per annum (Royal Columbian Hospital, 2017b). VGH is approximately

a 30-minute drive from the Project site. VGH is a 955 bed, Level I trauma hospital treating approximately 600,000

people a year (V.G.H. and U.B.C. Hospital Foundation., n.d.).

Medical services and service providers for the LAA are described in relation to three different geographic units:

Health Authority (HA); Health Service Delivery Area (HSDA); and Local Health Area (LHA). Delta falls into the

Fraser Health HA, the Fraser South HSDA, and the Delta LHA. In the 2015–2016 fiscal year, the Delta LHA had

a total number of 255 practicing health practitioners, of which 100 were general practitioners (Table 6.1-7). As of

November 2017, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia listed two doctors with practices in

Delta as accepting patients (College of Physicians and Surgeons of BC, n.d.)2. During 2015-2016 fiscal year,

921,093 medical services were provided in the Delta LHA, which accounted for approximately 5.7% of the total

services provided in the Fraser South HSDA and 2.2% of services delivered in the Fraser Health HA (BC Ministry

of Health, 2016b).

Table 6.1-7: Medical Services and Practitioners, 2015 to 2016

Health Area Population Medical Services Provided

General Practitioners

Medical Specialists

Other Health Practitioners (a)

Total Practitioners

LHA: Delta 101,546 921,093 100 33 122 255

HSDA: Fraser South

792,493 16,182,033 659 444 912 2,015

HA: Fraser Health

1,742,236 42,035,289 1,522 1,140 2,277 4,939

HA: Vancouver Coastal Health

1,156,320 20,474,738 1,593 2,102 2,187 5,882

(a) Other health care practitioners include chiropractors, naturopaths, physical therapists, oral surgeons, podiatrists, optometrists, dental surgeons, oral medicine, orthodontists, massage practitioners, acupuncturists, and midwives. LHA = Local Health Authority; HSDA = Health Service Delivery Area; HA = Health Authority. Source: (BC Ministry of Health, 2016b)

Between the 2011–2012 and 2015–2016 fiscal years, the number of Medical Service Plan (MSP) registrants in

the Fraser South HSDA increased by just over 8%, while the number of medical services provided increased by

16.5% (Table 6.1-8). In comparison, the number of MSP registrants in the Fraser HA increased by 7.1%, with the

number of services increasing by 14.8%. The greater rate of increase in the Fraser South HSDA reflects growth

2 While these data provide a general sense of how many doctors are accepting new patients, it is not an exact count, as physicians are responsible for maintaining their information in the College of Physicians website. Some physicians listed as accepting patients may not, while those listed as not accepting may accept patients.





17

in the City of Surrey, which is one of the largest and fastest growing municipalities in BC. The Delta LHA makes

up a relatively small portion of the Fraser South HSDA.

Table 6.1-8: Health Service Characteristics – 2011/2012 and 2015/2016

Health Area

MSP Registrants Total Number of Practitioners Medical Services Provided

2011/ 2012

2015/ 2016

2011/ 2012

2015/ 2016

2011/ 2012

2015/ 2016

Fraser South HSDA 738,830 801,573 n/a 2,015 13,723,740 15,993,828

Fraser HA 1,643,103 1,759,300 n/a 4,939 30,090,996 34,550,422

Source: (BC Ministry of Health, 2016b) HSDA = Health Service Delivery Area; HA = Health Authority; n/a = data not available;

Source: (BC Ministry of Health, n.d.)

Emergency Services

6.1.2.4.3.1 Regional Overview

Metro Vancouver is currently serviced by 5 independent municipal police forces and 12 RCMP municipal police

services, as well as the RCMP Provincial Force that services communities with less than 5,000 residents (Ministry

of Public Safety and Solicitor General Police Service Division, 2016). Metro Vancouver has 19 fire departments

with nearly 100 fire halls, and is supported by BCAS.

Each municipality within Metro Vancouver is responsible for funding and delivery of its own police and fire services.

At the regional level, the Integrated Partnership for Regional Emergency Management is an intergovernmental

body mandated to develop and recommend improvements to emergency management at all levels of government

in Metro Vancouver (Integrated Partnership for Regional Emergency Management in Metro Vancouver, 2015).

Ambulance services and pre-hospital emergency care in BC are provided by BCAS, which is funded and

administered by the Provincial Health Service Authority.

The following section describes emergency services in the LAA with a focus on the City of Delta, due to the

proximity of Delta to the Project site and likelihood that the DPD, Delta Fire, and BCAS in Delta would be first to

respond to calls from the Project.

6.1.2.4.3.2 Police Services in the Local Assessment Area

Police services in Delta are provided by the independent DPD. The DPD is the first responder to all police-related

calls in Delta. The DPD has two police stations, as well as four community police stations, including one on

Tsawwassen First Nations Lands (DPD 2016a). As of 2015, there were 173 sworn members of the DPD and 73.4

civilian support staff (DPD 2016b). With 173 members, the officer to civilian ratio was approximately 1:587 people,

which, is slightly higher than the provincial average of 1:539 people (DPD 2016b). In 2015, the average caseload

was 27 Criminal Code offences per member. In 2016, crime rates for Delta were lower than Metro Vancouver and

the provincial average (Table 6.1-9).





18

Table 6.1-9: Crime Rates by Jurisdiction, 2015/2016

Region Total Criminal Code Offences Crime Rate(a)

Delta 4,740 46

Metro Vancouver 178,434 84

British Columbia 367,687 77

Source: Ministry of Justice Police Service Division, 2016

(a) Crime rate is the number of reported Criminal Code offences for every 1,000 persons.

6.1.2.4.3.3 Fire Services in the Local Assessment Area

Delta Fire provides fire protection services in Delta. There are six service areas under the Delta Fire system,

serviced by seven fire halls. The Project site falls under the jurisdiction of Hall 7, which has a minimum of one

officer and three firefighters at all times (City of Delta, 2017a).

Delta Fire also has a 12-member hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team and a HAZMAT truck housed at Hall 7

equipped to respond to HAZMAT incidents (Bob Vaccaro, 2011). A minimum of three firefighters and one officer

are on duty at all times. Delta has a Mutual Aid Agreement with Surrey and Vancouver Fire Departments (both

which have full HAZMAT response capability) to address incidents requiring a more comprehensive response.

In 2016, Delta Fire responded to 6,746 events, including motor vehicle incidents, fires, medical emergencies,

alarms with no fires, technical rescues, public service calls and HAZMAT incidents (Table 6.1-10). The most

prevalent type of event was medical, which made up over 56% of responses, followed by motor vehicle incidents

(13.5%). Between 2014 and 2016, the number of events increased by 12%, but the percentage of events in each

event category remained relatively constant.

Table 6.1-10: Delta Fire Event Statistics, 2014 to 2016

Year 2014 2015 2016

Motor vehicle incidents 769 825 908

Fire 403 471 417

Medical 3,365 3,731 3,771

Alarm with no fire 546 576 595

Hazmat 71 70 76

Explosions 5 7 6

Public service calls 561 540 477

Technical rescues 3 2 4

Unfounded/Cancelled 297 425 488

Specialized transport 7 6 4

Total Events 6,027 6,653 6,746

Source: (Delta Fire, 2016)

The number of incidents occurring in 2016 varied by response area in Delta (Figure 6.1-5). The area serviced by

Hall 7 at Tilbury recorded 3% of the total calls in the Delta area.





19

Figure 6.1-5: 2016 Incidents in the Delta Response Area

Source: (Delta Fire, 2016)

The number of reported fires in Delta has varied between 2009 and 2013 (Table 6.1-11). Between 2009 and 2011,

the number of fires per 1,000 persons was well below 1. In 2012 and 2013, there was a reported increase in the

number of fires; fires per 1,000 persons increased to 1.4.

Table 6.1-11: Reported Fires in Delta, 2009 to 2013

Region Number of Fires Injuries Fatalities Fires per 1,000 persons

2009 22 1 0 0.2

2010 58 0 1 0.6

2011 9 0 0 0.1

2012 143 7 1 1.4

2013 145 3 1 1.4

Note: Fires are defined as any instance of destructive or uncontrolled burning of combustible solids, liquids or gases, not including lightning, forest fires, motor vehicle incidents, and explosions. Source: (Office of the Fire Commissioner, 2013d, 2013c, 2013b, 2013a, 2013e)

6.1.2.4.3.4 Ambulance

The closest ambulance station to the Project site is the Ladner station (Station 251), located approximately 9 km

away, next to the Delta Hospital (BCAS 2015, Pers. Comm.). The jurisdiction of the South Delta station includes

Ladner and Tsawwassen to the intersection of Highway 99 and Highway 17. The South Delta station also responds

5.7% 1.6%

20.9%

34.4%

10.9%

3.0%

23.5%

Annacis East Delta Ladner North Delta

Sunshine Hills Tilbury Tsawwassen





20

to incidents in Surrey, White Rock, and Richmond. The next closest ambulance station to the Project site is in

North Delta.

The South Delta station has one 24/7 ambulance and another 11-hour ambulance in service between 8:00 a.m.

and 7:00 p.m. Each ambulance has a team of two people. In the event that back-up is required, support is first

provided by the Sexsmith station and then by the station in North Delta (BCAS 2015, pers. comm.). Station 251

has a total of 23 staff, 8 of whom are regular full-time employees (BC Emergency Health Services 2015).

Data collected in 2014 on response times for the South Delta/Burnaby and Richmond ambulance stations show

that approximately 46% of high priority calls were responded to within 9 minutes and 86% within 15 minutes; for

all emergencies, 26% of calls were responded to within 9 minutes and 59% within 15 min (BC Emergency Health

Services 2015). This is lower than the overall Metro Vancouver/Metro Island average where approximately 51%

of calls high priority calls are responded to within 9 minutes and 86% within 15 minutes (BC Emergency Health

Services 2015).

As indicated in Section 6.1.2.4.2.2, minor incidents at developments on Tilbury Island are transferred to the Delta

Hospital, but trauma cases go to VGH or to Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster (Golder Associates,

2015).

The South Delta/Richmond/Burnaby districts respond to an average of over 128 calls a day. Overall, BC

emergency service demand is expected to increase by 40% for the Delta LHA between 2014 and 2020 due to

population growth (BC Emergency Health Services 2015).

6.1.2.4.3.5 Marine Response

As discussed in the Section 6.2, Land and Marine Resource Use, local emergency preparedness and response

in the LAA is provided by the CCG Service, Canadian Lifeboat Institution (CLI), and Royal Canadian Marine Search

and Rescue (RCM-SAR).

The CCG Service provides services for Search and Rescue (SAR) through its national SAR program that includes

coordinating and conducting SAR operations for maritime emergency situations within Canadian areas of federal

responsibility. There is a CCG station at Sea Island in Richmond which provides hovercraft and rescue divers

(CCG, 2018). The CCG Auxiliary provides augmented support through volunteer membership and availability of

secondary vessels (CCG, 2018). The Sea Island station has 55 full-time staff who work consistently with the CCG

station in Kitsilano, and the Ganges and Saltspring Island station (CCG 2016, Pers. Comm.). In the Sea Island

area of Fraser River, the Canadian Coast Guard responded to 37 cases in 2015, 60 in 2014 and 45 in 2013, with

the highest intensity of calls occurring in the summer months (CCG 2016, Pers. Comm.).

RCM-SAR is a volunteer organization that operates 40 marine rescue stations on the BC coast, including a location

in Steveston, Richmond (Station 10). Currently there are two offshore cabin rigid hull inflatable vessels operational

in the Steveston and Middle Arm areas (RCM-SAR, 2013). Crews are on call and ready to respond 24 hours per

day, seven days per week. All staff must have standard first aid Level C and Automated External Defibrillator

(AED) certification, as well as pleasure craft operators certificates, maritime radio operators certificate, and small

vessel operators proficiency (RCM-SAR 2017).





21

The CLI is a volunteer organization that aims to provide supplement vessels and trained crew to existing marine

safety and search and rescue services. The CLI has two lifeboats stationed in the Fraser River area (CLI, 2015).

The CLI provides escort services for vessels transiting the Lower Fraser River, particularly during poor visibility or

when there is concentration of fishing vessels present related to fisheries openings. In 2014, the CLI provided

fishery patrol for the commercial sockeye harvest openings that included 265 hours of patrol and 105 commercial

escorts (CLI, 2015).

Navigation in the area of the Project site will be challenging for rescue vehicles given the narrowness of the

channel. High speed vessels will have to reduce speeds as they will travel in shipping lanes and there is no clear

view up the river (CCG 2016, Pers. Comm.)

Infrastructure

6.1.2.4.4.1 Overview

Metro Vancouver and its member municipalities share water provision and management responsibilities. Metro

Vancouver is responsible for water provision, treatment, and delivery to municipalities (Metro Vancouver, 2017b).

Municipalities are responsible for piping water to residents and businesses.

Metro Vancouver is also responsible for solid waste management planning and recycling and for waste disposal

(Metro Vancouver, 2017a). Residential, industrial, commercial, and institutional waste is collected by municipal

collection crews, disposed at one of Metro Vancouver’s seven transfer stations, and then taken to either the Metro

Vancouver waste to energy facility in Burnaby or the Cache Creek or Vancouver landfills. The Vancouver Landfill,

located in Delta, is used by Vancouver, Delta, Richmond, White Rock, the University Endowment Lands, and

portions of South Surrey, serving approximately 40% of the population in Metro Vancouver.

6.1.2.4.4.2 Municipal Infrastructure in the Local Assessment Area

This section describes municipal infrastructure with a focus on the City of Delta.

Potable Water

Ninety-five percent of Delta’s drinking water comes from the three Metro Vancouver reservoirs (Capilano,

Seymour, and Coquitlam reservoirs), while the remaining 5% comes from three artesian wells located north of

Boundary Bay near Watershed Park, approximately 10 km from Tilbury Island (City of Delta, 2017b). The water

distribution network in Delta is approximately 580 km long and provides drinking water to over 100,000 residents

(City of Delta, 2017b).

Solid Waste

Residential, industrial, commercial, and institutional wastes generated in Delta are collected by municipal collection

crews, disposed of at one of Metro Vancouver’s six transfer stations, and taken to the Vancouver Landfill.

Roadway Transportation

The site is accessed from Hopscott Road and Macdonald Road via River Road in Delta. Delta maintains River

Road, but it is part of the BC Major Road Network (MRN). The MRN is a partnership between TransLink and local





22

municipalities to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of people and goods (TransLink 2017). Under this

program, TransLink provides funding for the operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of MRN roads, but

ownership and operational responsibility are under the respective municipality (TransLink 2017).

River Road is predominantly used on weekdays. The permanent traffic count site located at the intersection of

River Road and the Deas Island Road (the access road to Deas Island Park) recorded an average 12,333 vehicles

on weekdays in 2016 (Table 6.1-12) (MOTI 2016). Traffic count data indicate that the number of cars using this

section of River Road is more than double on weekdays compared to weekends. Traffic counts going each

direction are also almost equal, suggesting many of the vehicles using River Road are accessing places of work.

Road use is also relatively stable throughout the year, also indicating regular commuter traffic rather than seasonal

tourism.

Table 6.1-12: Monthly Average Traffic Counts, River Road at Deas Island Park, 2016

Monthly Average Daily

Traffic Monthly Average Weekday Traffic

Monthly Average Weekend Traffic

January 9,299 11,918 3,839

February 9,885 12,150 4,179

March 9,830 12,579 4,210

April 8,723 10,811 3,634

May 8,811 10,875 4,082

June 10,875 13,551 4,566

July 10,862 14,137 4,402

August 10,135 12,280 4,601

September 10,516 12,748 4,862

October 10,529 12,809 4,657

November 10,332 13,233 4,297

December 8,750 10,909 3,556

Source: (MOTI 2016)

The number of vehicles counted at the traffic count site declined in 2013 (Table 6.1-13), both for weekday and

weekend travel. In December of 2013, the South Fraser Perimeter Road opened to vehicles. The four-lane

highway connects to the five major Fraser River crossings and is an alternate route for some motorists who

historically used the River Road (Fraser Transportation Group, 2013).





23

Table 6.1-13: Annual Average Traffic Counts, River Road at Deas Island Park, 2016

Annual Average Daily

Traffic Annual Average Weekday

Traffic Annual Average Weekend

Traffic

2007 16,038 18,877 8,885

2008 15,179 17,852 8,559

2009 14,855 17,538 8,265

2010 15,119 17,948 8,466

2011 14,634 17,362 8,109

2012 14,497 17,094 7,998

2013 14,109 16,620 7,825

2014 n/a 12,464 n/a

2015 9,696 11,905 4,324

2016 9,879 12,333 4,240

Source: (MOTI 2016) n/a = data not available.


6.1.2.4.5.1 Noise and Nighttime Light

Baseline noise and nighttime light measurements were collected at four receptor locations in close proximity to

the Project site. These sites represent residences and other areas where individuals, other than industrial

employees, spend time. A description of each receptor and the baseline noise levels are provided in Table 6.1-14.

Information on the methodology for noise measurement is described in Section 4.5, Noise.

Table 6.1-14: Noise Receptor Locations and Baseline Noise Measurements

Assessment Receptor

Description Baseline Case Noise

Level (Day-Night) (dBA)

R1 Residences located 440 m south of the Project Site Boundary 63.0

R2 Animal shelter located across from Tilbury Road from the Project site, approximately 150 m southeast of the Project Site Boundary

58.0

R3 Site representing First Nations village of Tl’uqtinus, which is also a proposed future habitation site, located 300 m north of the Project Site Boundary

57.9

R4 Residences located 1,200 m southwest of the Project Site Boundary and within 400 m of the proposed shipping route

56.0

Baseline nighttime light measurements are provided in Table 6.1-15. The methodology for nighttime light

measurements is described in Section 6.4, Visual Quality. Nighttime light measurements were not collected at

R1 as the Project site is not visible from this location.





24

Table 6.1-15: Light Receptor Locations and Nighttime Light Measurements

Assessment Receptor

Description

Light Trespass Sky Glow

Illuminance (lux)

Environmental Light Zone

Classification

Sky Glow (% above Natural Background)

Environmental Light Zone

Classification

R1 Residences located 440 m south of the Project boundary

n/a n/a n/a n/a

R2 (VP5)

Animal shelter located across from Tilbury Road from the Project site, approximately 150 m southeast of the Project Site Boundary

2.935 E4 70,372 E4

R3 (VP2)

Site representing First Nation village of Tl’uqtinus, which is also a proposed future habitation site, located 300 m north of the Project Site Boundary

0.419 E2 5,871 E4

R4 (VP1)

Residences (Riverport Flats) located 1,200 m southwest of the Project Site Boundary and within 400 m of the proposed shipping route

0.846 E2 5,148 E4

VP# = receptor viewpoint identification in Section 6.4, Visual Quality; n/a = not applicable

6.1.2.4.5.2 Social Determinants of Health – General Population

Income and Social Status

Baseline employment and median income data, including median income and employment earnings, for the LAA

and RAA are described in detail in Section 5.1, Economy.

Prevalence of low income is a key indicator of health and well-being. Low income is defined as families or

individuals who spend 20 percentage points more of their before tax income on food, shelter, and clothing than

the local average (Statistics Canada, 2010). The prevalence of households with low income after tax in Delta was

6.9% and 13.9% in the Metro Vancouver; the prevalence in Delta was lower than the provincial average of 11.0%,

while the prevalence in Metro Vancouver was higher (Statistics Canada, 2017d, 2017e).

Community Connectedness and Social Support Networks

Community connectedness is considered to include social environment and community support which are both

identified by the Public Health Agency of Canada as key social determinants of health (Public Health Agency of

Canada, 2013a). Social environment is measured through the BC Stats socio-economic indices, while community

support is measured by number and types of community organizations, sense of belonging, and overall life

satisfaction.





25

The BC Stats socio-economic indices are composite measures designed to represent social and economic

conditions in regions within BC. The index is made up of over 80 variables representing four key indicators: human

economic hardship, crime, health problems, and education. In addition, two indicators represent the target groups

of children and youth (BC Stats, 2013). Data on each key indicator are computed for LHAs and regional districts

in BC and ranked from worst (lowest score) to best (highest score). As scores are comparative to the other regions

in BC, data are not comparative over time and are meant to flag differences at the regional level rather than to

provide insight into the key indicators in each region.

The Delta LHA ranked 71 out of 77 on the overall regional socio-economic index. Delta LHA scored higher than

the median LHA in all index categories, with the exception of health (Table 6.1-16).

Table 6.1-16: 2012 Regional Socio-economic Index, Local Health Areas

LHA Regional Socio-economic Index

Human Economic

Hardship Crime Health Education Children Youth

Delta 71 56 62 70 74 72 73

Lowest: Upper Skeena 1 1 14 12 1 1 2

Median: Surrey 39 19 13 77 47 43 29

Highest: West Vancouver Bowen Island.

77 74 74 73 78 77 77

Source: (BC Stats, 2013)

LHA = Local Health Area

As of 2016, 72% of the population aged 12 years and over report their sense of community belonging is strong or

very strong, which is equivalent to that reported across BC (Statistics Canada, 2016). By comparison, 70% of

respondents in the Metro Vancouver area reported their sense of community belonging is strong or very strong.

Strong sense of community belonging is linked to better physical and mental health (Statistics Canada, 2016).

Overall life satisfaction in the Fraser South HSDA is similar to the provincial and Metro Vancouver average, as

93.1% of the population aged 12 years and older report being satisfied or very satisfied with their life in general in

the Fraser South HSDA compared with 92.3% in Metro Vancouver and 92.4% in BC (Statistics Canada, 2016).

Education and Literacy

Education is considered one of the most important predictors of health (Office of the Provincial Health Officer,

2009). Research has shown that those who graduate from high school live, on average, 9.2 years longer than

those who do not, which is attributed to improvement in cognitive ability and decision making in addition to better

occupations and higher income (Office of the Provincial Health Officer, 2009).

Educational attainment in the LAA is similar to the Metro Vancouver and provincial average (Table 6.1-17). A

slightly higher proportion of the population has no education following high school in Delta compared to both the

provincial (15.5%) and Metro Vancouver (13.9%) averages. In addition, university completion is slightly lower in

Delta than the BC average while university completion in Metro Vancouver is over five percentage points higher

than the provincial average.





26

Table 6.1-17: Educational Attainment (2016)

Highest certificate, diploma or degree Delta

(%)

Metro Vancouver

(%)

British Columbia

(%)

No certificate; diploma or degree 15.4 13.9 15.5

High school diploma or equivalent 32.1 28.6 29.4

Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 8.1 6.4 8.8

College; CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma

18.7 16.7 18.1

University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 3.3 3.8 3.6

University certificate; diploma or degree at bachelor level or above

22.4 30.6 24.6

Source: (Statistics Canada, 2017e, 2017d)

Employment and Working Conditions

Baseline employment and unemployment data for the LAA and RAA are described in detail in Section 5.1,

Economy.

Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills

Smoking and drug and alcohol abuse are personal health practices that can influence overall health and well-

being. As of 2016, a lower percentage of the population aged 12 years and older in the Fraser South HSDA

reported being a current daily or occasional smoker than the Metro Vancouver and provincial average (Table 6.1-

18). Between 2011 and 2015, there were 646 smoking-attributable deaths in the Delta LHA, representing slightly

less than 18% of all deaths (BC Vital Statistics Agency 2015).

As with smoking rates, a slightly lower percentage of the population aged 12 years and older in the Fraser South

HSDA reported having five or more drinks in one occasion at least once per month in the past year than the BC

average (Table 6.1-18).

Table 6.1-18: Smoking and Drinking Statistics (2016)

Fraser South HSDA

(%)

Metro Vancouver

(%)

British Columbia

(%)

Percentage of population12 years and over reporting smoking cigarettes either daily or occasional

11.9 12.4 14.1

Percentage of population aged 12 years and over who reporting smoking cigarettes every day

8.7 7.4 9.1

Percentage of population aged 12 and over that reporting engaging in heavy drinking(a) at least once a month in the past

year 16.6 15.5 17.0

(a) Heavy drinking is defined as having five or more drinks on one occasion, at least once a month in the past year (Statistics Canada, 2016). HSDA = Health Service Delivery Area





27

Alcohol consumption data support the finding that heavy drinking is less prevalent in the Fraser South HSDA

than in other HSDAs in BC. In 2015, an estimated 6.75 L of absolute alcohol, the equivalent of 392 standard

drinks, were consumed per capita in the Fraser South HSDA (Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research,

2017). This is lower than the province as a whole (9.27 L absolute alcohol or 538 standard drinks per capita in

2015) (Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, 2017). Per capita alcohol consumption has remained

relatively consistent since 2002 when the data collection started. In the Delta LHA, per capita alcohol

consumption (8.72 L or 506 drinks) in 2015 was higher then that reported for the Fraser South HSDA but lower

than the provincial average.

Figure 6.1-6 shows the per capital alcohol consumption estimates for the Delta LHA and the Fraser South HDSA,

along with BC for the 13-year period between 2002 and 2015. Between 2011 and 2015, there were 174 alcohol-

related deaths in the Delta LHA, representing approximately 2.0% of all deaths in the LHA (BC Vital Statistics

Agency 2015).

Note: 1 L of absolute alcohol = 58 standard drinks (Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, n.d.a, n.d.c, n.d.b).

LHA = Local Health Area; HDSA = Health Service Delivery Area

Figure 6.1-6: Per Capita Alcohol Consumption in Delta Local Health Area, Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area, and BC, 2002 to 2015

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Litr

es

of

Ab

solu

te A

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l

Delta LHA Fraser South HDSA BC





28

In 2015, there were 38 drug induced deaths in the Delta LHA. This was lower than the predicted standardized

mortality ratio for the region.3 Prevalence of drug use is difficult to quantify at the local level. Further details on

illicit drug use were not available at the HSDA or LHA level.

The Fraser Health region operates Community Substance Use Services clinics, which provide several services

including treatment planning and counseling for any youth or adult who reach out for assistance (Fraser Health,

2017). There are two such clinics in Delta, one of which services the LAA. Additional services in the area include

withdrawal management, residential treatment supports and services, and a concurrent disorders program (for

mental health and substance use) (Fraser Health, 2017).

Healthy Child Development

Early child development is a key determinant of health and has been linked to effects on brain development, health

later in life, and school readiness (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2013b). From birth through age six,

experiences (both positive and negative) can have a substantial impact throughout the life span (Royal College of

Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, 2014). Several indicators of child health are summarized below, including

the number of low birth weight baby statistics, infant mortality rates, poverty levels in children 0 to 17 years old,

and percentage of overweight or obese children as represented by an increased body mass index.

A low birth weight is one indicator of healthy child development and is known to be associated with problems in

both childhood and adulthood (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2013b). In the Delta LHA, 277 low birth weight

babies were born between 2010 and 2014, which was higher than the predicted standardized ratio for the region

(BC Vital Statistics Agency 2015).4 Low birth weight is often associated with poverty and occurs most frequently

in the lowest income group (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, 2014); the child poverty

prevalence as measured by low income in the 0 to 17 age group was lower in Delta (12.6%) when compared to

the provincial data (18.5%) and Metro Vancouver (19.9%).

As with low birth weight, infant mortality rates are also a predictor of health status in a population and are another

indicator used in BC to understand child health (Provincial Health Officer, 2016). Between 2011 and 2013, the

infant mortality rate for the Fraser South HSDA was slightly higher than the provincial average (4.2 versus 3.7,

respectively) (Provincial Health Officer, 2016). The data show that there has been a general decline in infant

mortality rates across Canada and in BC.

Being a healthy weight is one way to help prevent mental and physical health problems as weight issues in

childhood can be linked to poor health outcomes (Provincial Health Officer, 2016). Data collected during the 2016

Census show that approximately 33% of youth in the Fraser South HSDA have a body mass index in the

overweight or obese category, which is slightly higher than the provincial average (27.2%) and that observed in

the metro Vancouver area (25.4%) (Statistics Canada, 2016).

3 The ratio of the number of deaths occurring to residents of a geographic area to the expected number of deaths in that area based on provincial age-specific mortality rates (British Columbia Vital Statistics Agency, n.d.).





29

Early childhood care and education are also considered key indicators of health and access to good-quality care

is dependent on where you live in the province and country (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada,

2014). The Delta area is serviced by 112 licensed daycares (Ministry of Children and Family Development, 2017).

6.1.2.4.5.3 Community Health and Well-Being – Aboriginal Population

Of the total Canadian population in 2016, 4.9% identified as Aboriginal. This was slightly lower than the percentage

observed in BC (5.9%) and almost double that observed in Metro Vancouver where 61,455 self-identified as

Aboriginal in the 2016 census (2.5% of the total population).

In Metro Vancouver, as of 2016, 72.4% of the Aboriginal population aged 15 years or older had a high school

diploma or certificate, including 18.5% with a college certificate and 8.0% with a bachelor’s degree. While

educational attainment rates among the Aboriginal population in Metro Vancouver are lower than those seen for

the general population (see Section 6.1.2.3.5.2), they are higher than the average for the Aboriginal population

as a whole in BC (Table 6.1-19).

Table 6.1-19: Educational Attainment, Aboriginal Population (2016)

Highest Certificate, Diploma, or Degree Metro Vancouver (%) British Columbia (%)

No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 27.6 35.0

Post-secondary certificate or diploma without a high school diploma

4.6 5.2

High school diploma or equivalent certificate 72.4 65.0

With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma

7.2 7.7

With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma

18.5 15.7

With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with university certificate or diploma below bachelor level

3.2 3.1

With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with bachelor's degree

8.0 5.5

With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with university certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level

4.0 2.6

Education plays an important role in income. Table 6.1-20 shows the median and average income of the Aboriginal

Population in Metro Vancouver and BC by educational attainment. Those who do not have a certificate, diploma,

or degree, including high school or high school equivalency, had a median income of approximately $16,000 in

2016. By comparison, those with a university diploma or a trades certificate in Metro Vancouver reported a median

income over three times higher.





30

Table 6.1-20: Median and Average Income by Education, Aboriginal Population (2016)

Metro Vancouver British Columbia

Median total income ($)

Average total income ($)

Median total

income ($)

Average total income ($)

Total Aboriginal population 26,583 37,571 23,857 33,864

No certificate, diploma, or degree 15,874 23,352 15,608 22,600

Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate

22,846 33,100 22,005 30,678

Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma

34,796 44,090 31,339 41,423

Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification

25,275 34,350 24,345 32,508

Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification

47,317 54,215 42,428 51,612

College, CEGEP, or other non-university certificate or diploma

32,296 39,589 31,710 39,075

University certificate or diploma below bachelor level

35,199 40,689 32,611 38,006

University certificate, diploma, or degree at bachelor level or above

52,360 60,939 49,707 57,360

Baseline employment and unemployment data for the LAA and RAA are described in detail in Section 5.1,

Economy.

In the Vancouver Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), dwelling conditions for 61,455 homes identified as being

resided in by Aboriginal peoples were summarized in the 2016 census. Of those homes, 12% needed major

repairs, 29% needed minor repairs, and the remainder (59%) required nothing more than regular maintenance.

Table 6.1-21 summarizes the low income status for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals in BC and the

Vancouver CMA. The prevalence was higher for Aboriginal individuals than non-Aboriginal individuals for both the

Vancouver CMA (24.0% and 16.3%, respectively) and across BC (24.8% and 15.1%, respectively) (Statistics

Canada, 2017c).

Table 6.1-21: Low Income Status

British Columbia Vancouver CMA

Total Number of Low Income Individuals

Prevalence (%)

Total Number of Low Income Individuals

Prevalence (%)

Aboriginal identity 270,585 24.8 61,455 24.0

Non-Aboriginal identity

4,289,655 15.1 2,364,780 16.3

Source: (Statistics Canada, 2017c) CMA = Census Metropolitan Area





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Baseline current marine use by Aboriginal communities is outlined in Part C, Section 6.3.2.

6.1.3 Methodology for Assessment of Potential Project Effects

The assessment methodology used to assess the potential adverse effects of the Project has been outlined in

Section 3.0, Assessment Methodology. A summary of this assessment methodology as it relates to Socio-

community is provided below.

With a few exceptions, potential effects on health and emergency services, community infrastructure, and

community health and well-being are generated from direct Project requirements largely in response to the totality

of the Project and not to individual Project works and activities.

6.1.3.1 Potential Project Interactions

Construction, operation, and decommissioning of the Project may lead to changes to Socio-community VCs.

Potential interactions between Project components and activities during these phases on Socio-community have

been identified and are rated in Section 6.1.4. To focus the assessment on those interactions of greatest

importance, interactions resulting in no effect or a negligible (undetectable or unmeasurable) effect have not been

carried forward for assessment.

The interaction ratings as follows have been applied:

Potential interaction—may result in a potential effect on Socio-community; these interactions have been

carried forward in the assessment.

Negligible interaction—neither detectable nor measurable and not anticipated to influence the short or long-

term viability of the VC or subcomponent; these interactions have not been carried forward in the assessment.

No interaction—these interactions have been justified but are not carried forward in the assessment.

For those Project interactions carried forward in the assessment, the potential effects, both adverse and beneficial

(if any) arising from those interactions, will be described.

6.1.3.2 Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures that are expected to reduce or eliminate an adverse effect on Socio-community, or enhance

a beneficial effect, will be described. Mitigation measures may include monitoring to verify results and standard

mitigation measures such as Best Management Practices (BMPs), including changes to the means in which the

Project will be designed, constructed, operated, or decommissioned. Mitigation will also consider the views of

Schedule B Aboriginal groups and key stakeholders.





32

6.1.3.3 Characterization of Potential Residual Project Effects

Residual effects are characterized using specific criteria for each VC as defined in the BCEAO’s VC selection

guideline (BCEAO, 2013). As residual effects to Socio-community subcomponents are experienced through

different effect pathways, the separate definitions for magnitude are provided for health and emergency services,

community infrastructure, and community health and well-being. Residual effects criteria are presented in Table

6.1-22. Effects that are negligible prior to mitigation measures are not carried forward to the assessment of

residual Project effects or cumulative effects.

Table 6.1-22: Criteria Used to Characterize Residual Effects on Socio-community

Criteria Description Definition

Magnitude: health and emergency services and community infrastructure

Expected size or severity of the residual effect

Negligible—effects which are so small that they are neither detectable nor measurable and are not anticipated to influence the short- or long-term viability of the VC or a subcomponent

Low—effect cannot be distinguished from baseline case conditions

Moderate—an effect that would result in demonstrable change, but remain within historical norms

High—effect results in changes that are beyond historical norms

Magnitude: community health and well-being

Expected size or severity of the residual effect

Negligible—effects which are so small that they are neither detectable nor measurable and are not anticipated to influence the short- or long-term viability of the VC or a subcomponent

Low—a small but discernible effect that is within community, service provider, and government capacity for response

Moderate—a demonstrable effect that is within community, service provider, and government capacity for response.

High—a demonstrable effect that is beyond community, service provider, and government capacity for response

Geographic extent

Spatial scale over which the residual effect is expected to occur

Site-specific—effects limited to the Project site

LAA—effects limited to the LAA

RAA—effects extend to the RAA

Beyond the RAA—effects extend to areas beyond the RAA

Duration Length of time over which the residual effect is expected to persist

Short-term—effects present for less than one year

Medium-term—effects present for one year to the life of the Project

Long-term—effects present for greater than the life of the Project

Permanent—effects present indefinitely

Frequency How often the residual effect is expected to occur

Infrequent—effect occurs once or rarely over the specified duration

Frequent—effect occurs repeatedly over the specified duration

Continuous—effect occurs continuously over the specified duration





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Criteria Description Definition

Reversibility

Whether or not the residual effect can be reversed once the physical work or activity causing the effect ceases

Reversible—effect can be reversed

Partially reversible—effect can be reversed partially

Irreversible—effect is permanent

Context Whether the VC is sensitive or resilient to Project-related stressors

Low resilience—The area and its infrastructure and services have little resilience to change and would resist imposed stresses poorly or new agreements, infrastructure and opportunities could not overcome changes to the baseline

Moderate resilience—The area and its infrastructure and services are resilient to some change but may require additional support to respond appropriately to imposed stresses or may require changes to agreements, policies, infrastructure and/or regional opportunities to overcome adverse changes

High resilience—The area and its infrastructure and services are resilient to change and can respond appropriately to imposed stresses or because new agreements, infrastructure and opportunities will be in place to address change

Timing

Whether the period in which the residual effect occurs coincides with sensitive timing, periods, or windows for the VC

Not applicable—timing is not applicable to Socio-community and subcomponents as there are no seasonal dependencies associated with Project-related economic activities

VC = Valued Component; LAA = Local Assessment Area; RAA = Regional Assessment Area

6.1.3.4 Determination of Significance

The determination of significance of potential residual effects for Socio-community was based on the residual

effects rating assigned, a review of background information, consultation with government agencies and other

experts, and professional judgement. Each residual Project effect and cumulative effect has been rated as

negligible, not significant, or significant, as follows:

Negligible—Potential residual effects determined to be negligible are those that do not result in a measurable

change to identified indicators for Socio-community.

Not significant—Potential residual effects determined to be not significant are those that result in a

measurable change but do not meet the definition of significant.

Significant—Potential residual effects are considered significant if they are high magnitude at any duration

or geographical extent. Adverse net effects may be considered significant even with a low likelihood of

occurrence.





34

The above definitions were adopted for the following reasons:

In many cases, determining the significance of a residual social effect depends on the perceptions and values

of affected people/communities (as made evident through consultation and engagement) with regard to their

interpretation of significance. As well, qualitative data, interpretation, and observations of the socio-economic

environment of affected communities or populations (including the resilience of populations/communities to

effectively deal with or address a residual effect) are used in determining the significance of a residual social

effect.

There are often no regulatory or widely accepted thresholds or standards for social VCs. Although it may be

possible to set thresholds for some social effects for purposes of an Environmental Assessment (EA), in

many cases it is not possible to demonstrate a consensus on a specific threshold value or what such a

threshold means in terms of significance of an effect.

Social effects may not lend themselves to the assignment of criteria for the determination of significance

except in terms of potential, thus introducing a larger element of uncertainty into the effects assessment. For

any predicted project effect, the actual effect that occurs will be dependent on:

▪ The response on the part of individuals and/or communities to socio-economic mitigation and

management measures implemented by a project; and

▪ Decisions made by individuals and/or communities with regard to events and situations that are unrelated

to a project but interact with a project effect.

It can be difficult to conclude with certainty that mitigation measures will result in no residual effect. As

mitigation measures are developed and implemented over the course of a project, various social and

economic changes take place, some of which can be difficult to predict during the assessment. In addition,

some of the social and economic changes are outside the control of a project but can interact with the project

over its life cycle and, in some cases, affect the success of mitigation measures.

In summary, the challenges of 1) quantifying effects, 2) identifying thresholds, and 3) incorporating community

resiliency, community perceptions, and values in determining significance, coupled with the inherent uncertainty

with respect to mitigation effectiveness and prediction of social and economic effects into the future, necessitates

an approach to determine significance based on professional judgement informed by quantitative data and

qualitative information.

Likelihood is the probability or certainty of each residual effect. The basis for likelihood will be assessed using

appropriate qualitative terms with applicable descriptions for how a conclusion was reached. The likelihood of

potential residual effects occurring (after mitigation) was also characterized for each VC using the following

qualitative terms:

Low—past experience and professional judgement indicates that a residual effect is unlikely but could occur.

Moderate—past experience and professional judgement indicates that there is a moderate likelihood that a

residual effect could occur.

High—past experience and professional judgement indicates that a residual effect is likely to occur.





35

6.1.3.5 Confidence and Risk

The level of confidence for each predicted residual Project effect has been discussed to characterize the level of

uncertainty associated with both the significance and likelihood determinations. Level of confidence is based on

expert professional judgement. All assumptions have been made clear in the text and are based on the following

criteria:

Low—judgement hampered by incomplete understanding of cause-effect relationships or lack of data.

Moderate—reasonable understanding of cause-effect relationships and adequate data.

High—good understanding of cause-effect relationships and ample data.

As there are many outside influences that can affect the magnitude and nature of the Project’s effect on

infrastructure and community services, such as population changes or economic conditions, predictions of the

Project’s social effects cannot be made with complete certainty.

6.1.4 Assessment of Potential Project Effects

6.1.4.1 Project Interactions

This section considers potential Project effects on Socio-community in relation to the indicators and measurable

parameters listed in Table 6.1-23.

Potential interactions between Project components and activities and Socio-community during the construction,

operation, and decommissioning phases of the Project are identified in Table 6.1-23.

Table 6.1-23: Potential Project Interactions with Socio-community

Project Phase and Activities

Interaction Nature of Interaction

CONSTRUCTION


All Project construction activities

Potential interaction

Construction-related accidents on site could result in increased demand for health and emergency services (i.e., police, fire, ambulance).

All marine-based Project construction activities


Marine-related accidents could result in increased demand for marine emergency providers.


Employment of construction personnel


Commuting construction workers could increase the number of vehicles on LAA roads, thereby affecting road transportation demand and capacity


Negligible interaction

Construction activities could require direct use of local infrastructure and services including waste disposal and recycling, thereby affecting solid waste service demand and supply.



Delivery of goods and materials to site could result in higher traffic levels and use of road infrastructure, thereby affecting road transportation demand and capacity.





36






Construction activities could result in changes in noise and nighttime light that could result in increased nuisance to nearby residents.

All Project construction activities Potential

interaction

Construction employment and contracting would provide income to those employed by the Project, which would either maintain or create an income source. This source of income could result in improved individual health or

well-being.


No interaction

The project is not expected to affect social determinants of health, including community connectedness and social support networks, education and literacy, social support networks, personal health practices and coping

skills, or healthy child development.



Project construction could limit access to areas used by Aboriginal groups for traditional purposes, which could decrease community well-being.

OPERATION


All Project operational activities


Accidents on site could result in increased demand for health and emergency services (i.e., police, fire, ambulance).

All marine-based Project operational activities




Employment of operational personnel

No interaction

As the Project will not increase the number of commuting workers in the LAA, no change in traffic levels and road infrastructure is anticipated.

All Project operational activities No interaction

Operational activities are not expected to require direct use of local infrastructure and services, including waste disposal and recycling, and

would not affect solid waste service demand and supply.


No interaction Delivery of goods and materials to site is expected to be negligible and therefore would not result in higher traffic levels and road infrastructure.




Operational activities could result in changes in noise and nighttime light that could result in increased nuisance to nearby residents.


No interaction As the Project is not creating new operational employment, no new income sources will be created by the Project.


No interaction

The project is not expected to affect social determinants of health, including community connectedness and social support networks, education and literacy, social support networks, personal health practices and coping skills, or healthy child development.



Project operations could limit access to areas used by Aboriginal groups for traditional purposes, which could decrease community well-being.

DECOMMISSIONING


All Project decommissioning activities


Accidents on site could result in increased demand for health and emergency services (i.e., police, fire, ambulance).

All marine-based Project decommissioning

activities







37




Employment of personnel

No interaction

Decommissioning is not expected to increase the number of commuting workers on LAA roads and is not expected to affect traffic levels and road infrastructure.

All Project decommissioning

activities


Removal of the on-site transfer system and jetty infrastructure could require direct use of local infrastructure and services including waste disposal and

recycling, thereby affecting solid waste service demand and supply.



Removal of materials from site could result in higher traffic levels and road infrastructure.




Decommissioning activities could result in changes in noise and nighttime light that could result in increased nuisance to nearby residents.


No interaction As operational employment is linked to the existing FortisBC facility, the status of these jobs at the decommissioning phase is outside the scope of the Project.


No interaction

The project is not expected to affect social determinants of health, including community connectedness and social support networks, education and literacy, social support networks, personal health practices and coping skills, or healthy child development.

All Project decommissioning

activities

Decommissioning could result in increased access to areas used by Aboriginal groups for traditional purposes, which could support community

well-being.

Note: Potential Project interaction ratings: no interaction; negligible interaction; potential interaction. LAA = Local Assessment Area

Rationale for No or Negligible Interactions

The following potential interactions were identified as having either no or negligible interactions with the Project:

Change in demand for community infrastructure due to Project direct use: construction—During

construction, use of local infrastructure will be minimal. Portable chemical toilets will be provided on site by

local contracting companies. Sanitary waste material will be disposed of by the contractor at facilities licensed

to accept such material. Construction waste is expected to be minimal. Material will be sorted and either

recycled or disposed at sites authorized and with capacity to accept such material. Solid domestic waste

associated with worker amenities at the site office is also anticipated to be minimal. Domestic waste materials

will be sorted and either recycled or disposed at sites authorized to accept such material. Bottled water will

be brought into the site office. No potable water will be sourced from municipal water lines. As municipal

infrastructure requirements are expected to be minimal, the Project is not expected to result in change in

demand or supply of solid waste community infrastructure.

Change in traffic levels due to delivery of goods and materials to site: construction—Most of the goods

and materials required to construct the Project are expected to be delivered to site via barges using

established shipping routes in the Fraser River. While some construction materials may be delivered via

trucks, the volume of material transported by the local road network is expected to be minimal, estimated at





38

two trips per month throughout the construction period. As a result, the Project is expected to have a negligible

interaction on road transportation demand and capacity due to delivery of goods and materials to site during

construction.

Change in social determinants of health: construction, operation, and decommissioning - The project is

not expected to affect certain social determinants of health, including community connectedness and social

support networks, education and literacy, personal health practices and coping skills, or healthy child

development. Community connectedness, social networks support networks, personal health practices, and

coping skills can be affected by a Project construction and operation if employee shift schedules prevent

workers from participating in their community, accessing the services they require, or giving or receiving

support from their families and friends, for example fly-in/fly-out workforces that are away from home for

extended period of time. As the construction workforce is expected to be predominantly local (Section

5.1.3.2.1) and the Project will be operated by existing FortisBC employees (Section 5.1.4.1), there is not

pathway to these effects. The Project would also not affect access or availability of services supporting

education and literacy or healthy child development as no change in demand for services due to population

change are anticipated (see Section 6.1.1.2.1).

Change in demand for health and emergency services due to accidents on site: operation—Project

operations will require a total of seven full-time equivalents (FTEs) each year, including five operators and

two management professionals. Health and safety management plans and practices will be in place at all

times to proactively address health and safety and limit risk of accidents from occurring. Given the small

number of personnel on site at any given time and the health and safety management practices that will be

in place throughout operations, even if an incident were to occur on site requiring emergency response, this

change would represent a negligible change in demand for health and emergency services.

Change in traffic levels due to commuting workforce: operation—Project operation will require a total of

seven FTEs, including five operators and two management professionals. However, as indicated in Section

5.1.4.1, these jobs are existing positions held by FortisBC Energy Inc. (FortisBC) employees. As these

workers currently commute to site each day, the Project is not creating any additional traffic due to the

commuting workforce. As a result, no change in road transportation demand and capacity due to the

commuting workforce is anticipated.

Change in demand for community infrastructure due to Project direct use: operation—During

operation, use of local infrastructure will be minimal. Workers will use amenities such as breakrooms and

washrooms at an existing office located at the FortisBC Tilbury LNG Liquefaction Plant (Tilbury LNG Plant)

adjacent to the Project site. No new sources of domestic water, solid or liquid waste will be created by the

Project and existing sources will be disposed following measures currently in place at the existing FortisBC

facility. Hazardous waste material associated with operation such as unserviceable batteries, used motor and

hydraulic oils, contaminated filters, used chemical cleaning fluids, paints, and other waste items will be sorted

and either recycled or disposed following the waste management section of the Operational Environmental

Management Plan. As municipal infrastructure requirements are expected to be minimal, the Project is not

expected to result in change in demand or supply for community water service and solid waste infrastructure.

Change in traffic levels due to delivery of goods and materials to site: operation—Most of the goods

and materials required throughout Project operation are expected to be delivered to site via barges using

established shipping routes in the Fraser River. It is expected that delivery of goods and materials by road





39

will be extremely rare. As a result, the Project is expected to have a no interaction with road transportation

demand and capacity due to delivery of goods and materials to site during construction.

Change in community well-being due to steady source of income: operation—Operational employment

would maintain an income source for those working on the Project. However, as indicated in Section 5.1.4.1,

as these jobs are existing positions held by FortisBC employees that were created independently of the

Project, this source of steady income cannot be attributed to the Project. As a result, no interaction between

Project operations and community well-being due to income sources is expected.

Change in demand for health and emergency services due to accidents on site: decommissioning—

It is not possible to accurately predict what baseline conditions in the LAA would be 30 years or more in the

future, including the capacity of local health and emergency services responders. However, with

decommissioning, all but a few direct and indirect jobs would remain through the decommissioning phase as

the Offshore and Onshore facilities are dismantled and removed. Project health and safety programs and

policies will remain in place and will be adapted to reflect any hazards specific to decommissioning activities.

As the workforce is expected to be minimal and health and safety programs will be in place to proactively

address potential hazards, the Project is not expected to result in change in demand for health and

emergency services.

Change in traffic levels due to commuting workforce: decommissioning—It is not possible to accurately

predict what baseline conditions in the LAA would be 30 years or more in the future, including capacity of

roadways and traffic levels within the LAA. However, with decommissioning, all but a few direct and indirect

jobs would remain through the decommissioning phase as the Offshore and Onshore facilities and dismantled

and removed. All Project-related employment will cease when decommissioning is complete. As the

workforce is expected to be minimal during the decommissioning phase, the Project is not expected to result

in change in road transportation demand and capacity due to the commuting workforce.

Change in traffic levels due to removal of waste material from site: decommissioning—It is not possible

to accurately predict what baseline conditions in the LAA would be 30 years or more in the future, including

capacity of roadways and traffic levels within the LAA. Over the year long decommissioning period, it is

anticipated that much of the decommissioned material will be removed from site via barge. Any material that

cannot be transported via barge will be removed from site by trucks. During decommissioning, a Waste

Management Plan and a Transportation Management Plan will be in place. With these mitigation measures

in place, the Project is not expected to result in changes in road transportation demand and capacity due to

the removal of materials from site.

Change in community well-being due to reduction in income: decommissioning—As indicated in

Section 5.1.4.1, the operational employment associated with the Project is linked to existing jobs at the

Tilbury LNG Plant, it is unknown whether decommissioning of the Project would result in job losses. As these

jobs were not created or sustained by the Project, the status of these positions at decommissioning is outside

the scope of the Project. As a result, no interaction is predicted between reduction in income and community

well-being.

Change in demand for community infrastructure due to Project direct use: decommissioning—It is

not possible to accurately predict what baseline conditions in the LAA would be 30 years or more in the future,

including the waste regulations that would dictate how and where materials would be disposed. During

decommissioning, the Offshore and Onshore facilities and dismantled and removed. Waste materials will be





40

sorted and transported to the appropriate waste facilities authorized to accept such materials. While these

activities have the potential to create a large amount of waste, local polices for waste diversion and recycling

will be followed to divert waste material from landfills as much as possible. A waste management plan will be

in place to manage waste disposal during decommissioning. With these mitigation measures in place, the

Project is not expected to result in changes in demand and supply of community waste infrastructure due to

direct Project use during decommissioning.

Decommissioning could result in increased access to areas used by Aboriginal groups for traditional

purposes, which could support community well-being: -As no changes to marine area use and access

due to decommissioning were identified in Section 6.2.4.5.1 of the Land and Marine Resource Use VC

assessment, no potential effect to community well-being linked to decreased access to the Project area for

traditional purposes is identified. This potential effect is not carried forward for further assessment.

6.1.4.2 Potential Project Effects

Change in Demand for Health and Emergency Services due to Accidents on Site

Construction

Construction activities could potentially generate a demand for ambulance and/or health emergency services

(e.g., in the event of work-related accidences and injuries), police services (e.g., in the event of Project workforce

and/or Project-related public security and safety issues), fire services (e.g., in the event of fire within the project

area). The potential effect of increased demand on emergency services due to on-site emergencies is carried

forward to mitigation.

The annual BC injury rate for the construction industry as a whole was approximately 4.0 per 100 workers

between 2013 and 2016, while the serious injury rate was approximately 0.8 per 100 workers over the same

period (WorkSafe BC, n.d.). Applying the WorkSafe BC injury rates for the construction industry and direct

Project employment, an estimated 3.6 injuries could occur during the first two years of construction when

employment is expected to be higher and approximately 0.8 to 1.6 during the years three and four. While this

represents a small change in the number of calls for service to emergency responders, this potential effect is

carried forward to mitigation.

Operation

As a negligible interaction is anticipated during operation (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is not

carried forward for further assessment.

Decommissioning

As a negligible interaction is anticipated during decommissioning (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is

not carried forward for further assessment.





41

Change in Demand for Marine Emergency Services due to Accidents on Site

Construction

Construction activities could potentially generate a demand for water rescue services in the event of a water-

based emergency situation. The potential effect of increased demand on marine emergency services due to on-

site emergencies is carried forward to mitigation.

Operation

Operational activities could potentially generate demand for water and rescue services in the event of a water-

based emergency situation. The potential effect of increased demand on marine emergency services due to on-

site emergencies is carried forward to mitigation.

Decommissioning

Decommissioning activities could potentially generate demand for water and rescue services in the event of a

water-based emergency situation as Project infrastructure is deconstructed and removed from site. The potential

effect of increased demand on marine emergency services due to on-site emergencies is carried forward to

mitigation.

Change in Traffic Levels due to Commuting Workforce

Construction

Traffic services and infrastructure, including physical road use, congestion, and traffic enforcement, may be

affected by increased road use by the Project’s construction workforce. The Project site will be accessed via River

Road, which is a part of the BC MRN that supports connectivity of commuters, transit, and truck traffic. At peak

construction, 126 FTEs are expected to be employed on site. In addition, contractors and other suppliers are

expected to be on site for short periods of time throughout the construction period. While it is unlikely all of these

people will be on site at the same time or travel to and from site at the same time each day, a conservative estimate

of the number of additional vehicles travelling on River Road, the major access road to the Project, is 100 vehicles.

Based on traffic count data for River Road presented in Table 6.1-12, an increase of 100 vehicles would represent

less than a 1% increase in weekday traffic volume.

Parking will be available to the construction workforce at existing parking facilities on the Tilbury LNG Plant site.

The parking lot will provide sufficient facilities for all construction workers to park their vehicles. No road parking

would be required.

Based on the potential number of additional vehicles on the road each day due to the commuting construction

workforce, the capacity of River Road, the status of River Road as a major connectivity network for commuters,

transit and truck traffic, and because there is sufficient parking space within the Tilbury LNG Plant site, the

increased demand on road transportation demand and capacity is considered negligible and not carried forward

to the mitigation section.





42

Operation

As no interaction is anticipated during operation (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is not carried

forward for further assessment.

Decommissioning

As a negligible interaction is anticipated during decommissioning (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is

not carried forward for further assessment

Project Activities Could Result in Changes in Noise and Nighttime Light that May Result in Increased Nuisance to Nearby Residents

Construction

Excessive noise from a magnitude and frequency perspective can result in annoyance or nuisance.

Annoyance due to noise can be linked to the ability to have a conversation, enjoy certain leisure activities,

get a good night’s sleep, and do work that requires thought and concentration (Health Canada, 2005).

However, perception of noise, including perception of whether noise is a nuisance, is subjective.

Formally adopted standards or federal or provincial guidance are not available for assessing acceptable levels

of noise. Health Canada supports the use of percent highly annoyed (%HA) as a suitable means of assessing

noise annoyance effects. For construction noise at receptors with continuous noise and a duration of more than

one year (i.e., long-term) where noise levels are in the range of 45 to 75 dB and long-term operational noise,

Health Canada advises that impact endpoints be evaluated on the change in the percentage of the population

(at a specific receptor location) who become highly annoyed (Health Canada, 2011). The calculated %HA provides

information on how an average community receptor responds to a noise level. Health Canada considers the

change in %HA as an appropriate indicator of noise-induced effects for project operational noise and for long-term

construction noise exposure. Health Canada suggests that mitigation measures be proposed if the predicted

change in %HA at a specific receptor is greater than 6.5% between project and baseline noise environments5.

Noise modelling, including predicted change in %HA, was conducted for three construction scenarios at four

identified sensitive receptor sites. For an explanation of the scenarios and the methods used for modelling, see

Section 4.5, Noise. The construction scenarios are as follows:

Construction 1: dredging of dredging pocket

Construction 2: construction of temporary berth

Construction 3: construction of permanent berth

5 The threshold of a 6.5% increase in the percentage of the population that become highly annoyed with a noise matter is used by Health Canada to indicate that noise mitigation measures may be required. For further details on the methodology used to determine the 6.5%HA change threshold, please see Michaud, D.S. Bly, S.H.P., and Keith, S.E. (2008). Using a change in percent highly annoyed with noise as a potential health effect measure for projects under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. Canadian Acoustics, 36(2):13-28.





43

The change in %HA values was calculated for each of the receptor locations for each construction scenario

(Table 6.1-24). The 6.5% threshold is exceeded at R3 during both the Construction 2 and Construction 3 scenarios.

Table 6.1-24: Change in Percent Highly Annoyed at Identified Sensitive Receptors during Construction

Assessment Receptors Construction 1 Construction 2 Construction 3

R1 – Residence 0.7 1.0 1.2

R2 – Animal Shelter 2.0 2.6 2.5

R3 – Proposed future habitation site 2.7 7.0 7.7

R4 - Residence 0.3 0.3 0.5

For construction noise, the %HA framework applies to a receptor experiencing continuous noise for a duration

of more than one year (i.e., long-term) where noise levels are in the range of 45 to 75 dB. Construction of the

Floating Temporary Bunker Berth (FTBB) is expected to take one year and construction of the permanent berth is

expected to take three years, with noise expected to be 63 and 64 dBA, respectively, during each. Noise is

expected to be ongoing throughout the construction of the temporary and permanent berths and could occur both

during the day and at night. This potential effect is carried forward to mitigation.

Increase in nighttime light can cause nuisance to those undertaking nighttime viewing or disrupt the sleep of

individuals living near the Project. Construction of certain Project components is expected to take place at night.

Temporary task lighting will be used for these activities to create a safe work environment. As indicated in Section

4.4, Visual Quality, task lighting will be focused to the area where construction is occurring and will be turned off

when activities are complete. Mitigation measures identified in Section 4.4 include a lighting plan and actions to

minimize obtrusive construction lighting and reduce the amount of light that will be visible in the surrounding

environment. With the mitigation measures identified in Section 4.4 in place, construction lighting is not expected

to change the lighting conditions of the overall environment and is therefore not expected to create nuisance for

those either sleeping or undertaking nighttime viewing at the identified receptor sites. This potential effect is

considered negligible and not carried forward to the mitigation section.

Operation

Noise modelling, including predicted change in %HA, was conducted for three operations scenarios at four

identified sensitive receptor sites. For an explanation of the scenarios and the methods use to modelling, see

Section 4.5, Noise. The construction scenarios are as follows:

Operation 1: LNG barge at FTBB (including berthing, loading);

Operation 2: LNG carrier berthing/loading at permanent berth, LNG barge stationary at permanent berth; and

Operation 3: Maintenance dredging.





44

The change in %HA values were calculated for each of the receptor locations during each operation scenario

(Table 6.1-25). The 6.5% threshold is not exceeded at any receptor location during any operation scenario. This

potential effect is considered negligible and not carried forward to the mitigation section.

Table 6.1-25: Change in Percent Highly Annoyed at Identified Sensitive Receptors during Operations

Assessment Receptors Operation 1 Operation 2 Operation 3

R1 – Residence 0.0 0.0 0.0

R2 – Animal Shelter 0.0 0.0 0.0

R3 – Proposed future habitation site 0.0 0.3 0.3

R4 – Residence 0.0 0.1 0.0

Light trespass and sky glow are measured and predicted in Section 4.4, Visual Quality to assess the potential

Project-related changes in visibility of nighttime light (see Section 4.4 for methodological definitions and

approaches). Environmental Lighting Zones are an established classification scheme developed by the

Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage to classify exterior light levels. Zone ratings range from E1 to E4, with

E1 reflecting with intrinsically dark landscapes such as national parks or unlit roads and E4 reflecting areas with

high ambient brightness such as urban areas with high levels of nighttime activity. If predicted light levels change

the classification level at the site, the change in light levels could be perceptible to receptors.

The predicted changes in light trespass and sky glow at the three receptor locations are not expected to change

from the baseline (Table 6.1-26). While the Project will create new sources of light visible at all three locations,

these light sources will not change the lighting conditions of the overall environment (see Section 4.4, Visual

Quality) and are therefore not expected to create nuisance for those either sleeping or undertaking nighttime

viewing at the identified receptor sites. This potential effect is considered negligible and not carried forward to the

mitigation section.

Table 6.1-26: Baseline and Predicted Environmental Light Zone Classification

Assessment Receptor

Light Trespass Sky Glow

Baseline Predicted Baseline Predicted

R1 n/a n/a n/a n/a

R2 (VP5) E4 E4 E4 E4

R3 (VP2) E2 E2 E4 E4

R4 (VP1) E2 E2 E4 E4

n/a = not applicable as the Project is not visible from Assessment Receptor R1





45

Decommissioning

Decommissioning activities are expected to generate noise at levels similar to or less than those predicted for

construction. This potential effect is carried forward to mitigation.

It is currently unknown whether decommissioning activities will include nighttime activities and therefore require

nighttime lighting. It is assumed, however, that if nighttime decommissioning activities are required, mitigation

measures similar to those identified for the construction period will be in place, including a lighting plan and

measures to minimize obtrusive construction lighting. With these measures in place, decommissioning lighting is

not expected to change the lighting conditions of the overall environment and is therefore not expected to create

nuisance for those either sleeping or undertaking nighttime viewing at the identified receptor sites. This potential

effect is considered negligible and not carried forward to the mitigation section.

Project Activities Could Require Direct Use of Local Infrastructure and Services Including Waste Disposal and Recycling

Construction

As no interaction is anticipated during construction (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is not carried


Operation

As no interaction is anticipated during operation (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is not carried forward

for further assessment.

Decommissioning

As no interaction is anticipated during decommissioning (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is not carried


Change in Employment Income Could Affect Individual Well-Being

Construction

As outlined in Sections 5.4.2.1 and 5.4.2.2 of the Economy VC assessment, the Project is expected to result in

direct, indirect, and induced employment and associated income in the LAA which will provide a range of

opportunities to the local workforce. Most of the direct jobs will be associated with construction of the Project.

Direct supplier industry jobs are linked to professional, scientific, and technical services; transportation and

warehousing; manufacturing; and wholesale trade. Indirect jobs are also expected to be predominantly linked to

professional, scientific, and technical services, while induced jobs are linked to retail trade and accommodation

and food services. The average annual household income associated with these jobs will be consistent with the

compensation (wages, salaries, and benefits) by other major industrial construction projects in the province. The

estimated average annual household income for each of the employment categories is outlined in Table 6.1-27.





46

Table 6.1-27: Estimated Project Employment and Income

Direct Direct Suppliers Indirect Induced Total

Total employment in BC 218 366 271 142 997

Total employment in the LAA 218 300 160 85 763

Average annual household income $99,786 $81,575 $68,120 $50,196 -

Income would be accrued by those who are either hired to work on the Project or those whose existing employment

is extended due to the Project (i.e., contract or hourly construction workers who move from project to project),

which has the potential to positively affect the individual well-being of those workers. This potential beneficial effect

is carried forward to the mitigation and benefits enhancement section (Section 6.1.4.3) but is not carried forward

to the residual Project effects assessment.

Operation

As no interaction is anticipated during operation (see Section 6.1.4.1.1), this potential effect is not carried forward

for further assessment.

Decommissioning



Change in access to areas used by Aboriginal groups for food, social and ceremonial purposes could affect community well-being of Aboriginal people

Construction and Operation

As indicated in Section 6.3.4.9 it is understood that access effects for Aboriginal food, social, and ceremonial

(FSC) fishing could be experienced by some Aboriginal Groups, specifically Musqueam Indian Band and

Tsawwassen First Nation. FSC fishing is regulated and can only take place during short windows identified by the

DFO. FSC fishers are allowed to fish in the designated shipping lanes, but must remove their nets to give way to

oncoming vessels.

As discussed in Section 6.3.4.8.3, to address the potential effect due to the disruption of fishing activity by project

related vessels during the already short fishing windows, a Marine Access and Transportation Management Plan

(MATMP) will be developed and implemented in accordance with TERMPOL recommendations (Mitigation

Measure M6.3-1). The MATMP will address construction and operation phases and will include a description of

the construction and operational activities and procedures to maintain commercial and non-commercial vessel

navigational passage. A Marine Communications Plan (MCP) will also be developed (as a subplan of the MATMP)

and implemented throughout construction and operation to further avoid and minimize adverse effects on

Aboriginal marine users during construction and early stage of operations (Mitigation Measures M6.3-2). The MCP

will include a procedure for the Project developer and operator to consult with marine users and Aboriginal Groups

regarding high use periods to support marine vessel passage planning and scheduling and to reduce interruption





47

of FSC harvesting during the relatively brief openings. These Plans will further be supplemented with the Aboriginal

Communications Plan to facilitate dissemination of information relevant to FSC fishing (Mitigation Measure

M6.3-3).

In addition, to address potential effects directly to the Musqueam and Tsawwassen First Nations, a Marine Use

and Fisheries Advisory Group will be formed to further minimize potential adverse effects on to Musqueam, and

Tsawwassen and potentially other Schedule B Aboriginal groups who report marine use and fishing for traditional

purposes on the Fraser River in proximity to the Project area (Mitigation Measure M6.3-4). The purpose of the

advisory group will be to provide a forum for communications between WesPac, Musqueam, and Tsawwassen,

and other Schedule B Aboriginal groups to discuss matters of mutual concern during construction and operations.

As these measures are expected to be effective, adverse effects to instream access for FSC and Domestic

Purposes are expected to be negligible (Section 6.3.4.9) and therefore effects to community well-being due to

reduced access to areas used by Aboriginal groups for traditional purposes are also expected to be negligible and

is not carried forward to the mitigation section.

Decommissioning



6.1.4.3 Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures that are expected to reduce or eliminate an adverse effect, or enhance a positive effect, are

described below and summarized in Table 6.1-28. Mitigation measures include mitigation integrated into Project

design and specific mitigation identified for Socio-community.

Selection of mitigation for Socio-community measures was informed by:

A review of mitigation measures and follow-up programs undertaken for similar developments;

Regulator, public and Aboriginal group input;

Internal evaluation of technical and economic feasibility; and

Best practice approaches for enhancing local and Aboriginal benefits from the Project.

Project Design Mitigation

Project design mitigation and management planning will support mitigation of some of the identified Project effects

to Socio-community subcomponents. Application of these measures to support identified potential effects are

described for each effect in Section 6.1.2.3.2. The following Project design mitigation will support mitigation of

adverse effects to Socio-community:

Noise Management Plan;

Light Management Plan;





48

Emergency Response and Spill Management Plan;

Waste Management Plan;

Stormwater and Wastewater Management Plan;

Transportation Management Plan (marine and land-based traffic);

Communications Plan (Aboriginal groups);

Communications Plan (local governments, public, stakeholders);

Employment and Procurement Plan;

Safety and Health Management Plan (worker); and

Security Management Plan.

Specific Mitigation for Socio-community

6.1.4.3.2.1 Mitigation Measure M6.1-1: Emergency Management Planning with local first responders

WesPac will work with FortisBC and the local emergency service providers, including Delta Fire, DPD, and BCAS

to host workshops on site to orient responders with the facilities, operations, and potential hazards. The workshops

will provide first responders to the layout of the site and the potential hazards they could encounter if responding

to a call. First responders will have the opportunity to ask questions, confirm their understanding of WesPac’s

needs, and identify areas where further information or support may be required. These workshops will be held

annually, with special workshops held if conditions on site change, for example at the start of operations or

decommissioning. As similar workshops are currently held at the Tilbury LNG Plant, WesPac will work with the

FortisBC team to collaborate on these initiatives. This measure will minimize uncertainty of first responders in the

unlikely event that they have to respond to an incident on the Project site.

6.1.4.3.2.2 Mitigation Measure M5.1-1: Local and Aboriginal Hiring and Procurement Policies

As identified in Section 5.1.4.3.2.1, WesPac will require its Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC)

contractor have formal local and Aboriginal hiring and procurement policies in place throughout Project

construction. These polices will include general approaches and strategies to maximize local and Aboriginal hiring

consistent with industry best practice. Benefits to Aboriginal people, work opportunities and contracts, are difficult

to quantify through the socio-economic assessment process. It is more common to set employment and contract

targets with key performance indicators then measure progress toward meeting these indicators. WesPac will

continue to work with Schedule B Aboriginal groups to identify opportunities for employment and contracting

associated with the Project. Through these policies, WesPac will require the EPC contractor to report annually on

recruitment, retention, and uptake of local and Aboriginal hiring to track the success of these policies and identify

challenges if they arise. The annual reporting will be reviewed by a third party to verify the results, monitor

progress, and provide recommendations to support employment benefits to the local and Aboriginal labour force.





49

This measure will support the realization employment and procurement benefits to Aboriginal workers and

businesses and will therefore support benefits to individual well-being through Project related employment and

income.

Summary of Mitigation Measures

A summary of mitigation to address adverse Project effects on Socio-community is provided in Table 6.1-28.

Table 6.1-28: Summary of Mitigation Measures to Address Adverse Project Effects on Socio-community

Potential Effect Mitigation Measure Mitigation

ID #


Construction

Change in demand for health and emergency services due to accidents on site

Emergency Management Planning with local first responders

M6.1-1

Operation



M6.1-1

Decommissioning



M6.1-1

Community Well-Being

Construction

Change in employment income could affect individual well-being

Local and Aboriginal hiring and procurement polices

M5.1-1

6.1.4.4 Residual Project Effects

This section provides a characterization of residual effects carried forward in the assessment following the

application of mitigation measures. Beneficial effects are not carried forward for further analysis, including residual

effects rating or significance determination.

Change in Demand for Health and Emergency Services due to Accidents on Site – Construction

The Project will provide emergency response services on site during all project phases, including fire safety, first

aid, and security services designed to meet or exceed Canadian standards. An Emergency Response and Spill

Management Plan will be in place all phases of the Project and will be frequently updated to reflect any changes

in activities or conditions on site. As part of this plan, an emergency response team will be on site during working

hours to respond to emergency situations, including fire, explosions, and fuel/lubricants spills. The team will be

trained in using emergency equipment and will undergo required drills and practice.





50

Heath and emergency first responders would only be called if an emergency exceeds the capacity of the on-site

crews, such as a health emergency experience by a worker requiring medical assistance (e.g., a heart attack).

WesPac will work with FortisBC and the local emergency service providers, including Delta Fire, DPD, and BCAS

to host workshops on site to orient responders with the facilities, operations, and potential hazards (M6.1-1). In

the unlikely event that an emergency was to occur, responders would know the layout of the site and the types of

hazards they could encounter.

As the potential number of incidents on site is expected to be low and mitigation measures will be in place

(M6.1-1 and CEMP), no changes to demand for emergency services due to direct Project usage are anticipated.

Given mitigation, the magnitude of potential residual effect on emergency services during construction is expected

to be negligible, confined to the LAA, medium term in duration, reversible, and of high resilience (see summary of

ratings in Table 6.1-29).

It is unlikely that an effect on emergency services will occur and confidence in this rating is high given the mitigation

proposed. There is high overall confidence the Project’s residual effect on emergency services during construction

are negligible. As such, Project-related residual effects remaining after the application of mitigation are considered

negligible and are therefore not carried forward to determination of significance or cumulative effects assessment.

Change in Demand for Marine Emergency Services due to Accidents on Site – Construction

An Emergency Response and Spill Management Plan will be in place during the marine construction period. As

part of this plan, emergency responders will be on site during working hours to respond to emergency situations,

including marine-based emergencies such as collisions or spills. The team will be trained in using emergency

equipment and will undergo regular drills and practice.

Through mitigation measures, including construction and environmental management plans, no changes to

demand for marine emergency services due to direct Project usage are anticipated. Given mitigation, the

magnitude of potential residual effect on marine emergency services during construction is expected to be

negligible, confined to the LAA, medium term in duration, reversible, and of high resilience (see summary of ratings

in Table 6.1-29).

It is unlikely that an effect on marine emergency services will occur and confidence in this rating is high given the

mitigation proposed. Overall confidence that the project residual effect on marine emergency services during

construction will be negligible is high. As such, Project-related residual effects remaining after the application of

mitigation are considered negligible and are therefore not carried forward to determination of significance or

cumulative effects assessment.

Change in Demand for Marine Emergency Services due to Accidents on Site – Operation

During operation, an Emergency Response and Spill Management Plan will be in place, providing a framework for

managing emergencies related to Project activities, such as chemical and fuel spills, fire, flood and medical events.





51

As part of this plan, an emergency response team will be on site during working hours to respond to emergency

situations, including marine-based emergencies such as collisions or spills. The team will be trained in using

emergency equipment and will undergo regular drills and practice.

All LNG carriers and barges will be operated by qualified shipping companies and will be equipped with all

mandatory safety equipment, as well as fire detection, protection, and extinguishing systems to comply with the

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and MARPOL.

Through mitigation measures, including environmental management plans, no changes to demand for marine

emergency services due to direct project usage are anticipated. Given mitigation, the magnitude of potential

residual effect on marine emergency services during operation is expected to be negligible, confined to the LAA,

medium term in duration, reversible, and of high resilience (see summary of ratings in Table 6.1-29).


mitigation proposed. Overall confidence that the project residual effect on marine emergency services during

operation will be negligible is high. As such, Project-related residual effects remaining after the application of



Change in Demand for Marine Emergency Services due to Accidents on Site – Decommissioning

During decommissioning, an Emergency Response and Spill Management Plan will be in place, providing a

framework for managing emergencies related to Project activities, such as chemical and fuel spills, fire, flood, and

medical events. As part of this plan, an emergency response team will be on site during working hours to respond

to emergency situations, including marine-based emergencies such as collisions or spills. The team will be trained

in using emergency equipment and will undergo required drills and practice.

Through mitigation measures, including environmental management plans, no changes to demand for marine

emergency services due to direct Project usage are anticipated. Given mitigation, the magnitude of potential

residual effect on marine emergency services during decommissioning is expected to be negligible, confined to

the LAA, short term in duration, reversible, and of high resilience (see summary of ratings in Table 6.1-29).


mitigation proposed. Overall confidence that the Project residual effect on marine emergency services during

decommissioning will be negligible is high. As such, Project-related residual effects remaining after the application

of mitigation are considered negligible and are therefore not carried forward to determination of significance or






52

Project Activities Could Result in Changes in Noise and Nighttime Light that Could Result in Increased Nuisance to nearby Residents – Construction

During construction, predicted noise levels are expected to exceed the Health Canada %HA 6.5% threshold at

Receptor 3 during two Project construction phases: construction of the FTBB when the change in %HA is expected

to be 7.0% and construction of the permanent berth when change in %HA is expected to be 7.7%. Receptor 3

represents the First Nation village of Tl’uqtinus, located 300 m north of the Project Site Boundary. The site is

considered by the Cowichan Nation Alliance member bands as an ancestral village and resource site (GMT). In

the Cowichan Nation Alliance Declaration for Reconciliation, desire to re-establish a permanent residence and

river access at the Tl’uqtinus village site is identified; however, it is understood that there is currently no use at the

site (see Part C: Aboriginal Consultation for more information) (GMT). While future plans for the site may include

residential development, at the time of writing, it is understood there are no permanent residences or residences

planned for construction within the timeframe of the construction period.

A noise management plan will be in place throughout the construction period to reduce noise wherever possible.

WesPac will use the protocols outlined in the Aboriginal Communications Plan (M6.1-2) to identify times during

construction when noise levels may be higher than usual.

Given that current use of the Tl’uqtinus site is limited, the future plans for development fall outside of the

construction period, and the proposed mitigation, the magnitude of potential residual nuisance effect due to

changes in noise is expected to be negligible, confined to the LAA, short term in duration, reversible, and of high

resilience (see summary of ratings in Table 6.1-29).

It is unlikely that a nuisance effect due to changes in noise will occur and confidence in this rating is high given the

mitigation proposed. Overall confidence that the Project residual effect of nuisance due to noise during

construction will be negligible is high. As such, Project-related residual effects remaining after the application of



Summary of Residual Effects





53

Table 6.1-29: Summary of Effects Characteristics for Socio-community

Subcomponent Potential Adverse Residual Effect or

Potential Beneficial Effect(a)

Contributing Project

Activity or Physical Works

Mit

iga

tio

n #

Dir

ec

tio

n o

f

Eff

ec

t

Residual Effects Characterization

Ma

gn

itu

de

Ge

og

rap

hic

Ex

ten

t

Du

rati

on

/

Fre

qu

en

cy

Rev

ers

ibilit

y

Co

nte

xt

Tim

ing

Construction

Health and emergency services

Change in demand for health and emergency services due to direct

project use of services All construction activities M6.1-1 N N LAA MT RV HR n/a


Change in demand for marine emergency services due to accidents on site

All marine based construction activities

CEMP N N LAA MT RV HR n/a

Community health and well-being

Change in employment income could affect individual well-being

Employment of personnel and procurement of goods and services

M5.1-1 P n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a


Nuisance due to construction noise All construction activities CEMP N N LAA ST RV HR n/a

Operation



All marine based construction, operations, and decommissioning activities

OEMP N N LAA MT RV HR n/a

Decommissioning




EMP N N LAA ST RV HR n/a

(a) Beneficial effects are identified in Section 6.1.4.2.6. Positive effects are not carried forward through residual effects assessment.

Notes: Direction: P = positive; N = negative

Magnitude: N = negligible; L = low; M = moderate; H = high Geographic Extent: LAA = Local Assessment Area; RAA = Regional Assessment Area; B = Beyond the RAA Duration: ST = short-term; MT = medium-term; LT = long-term; P = permanent

Frequency: I = infrequent; F = frequent; CT = continuous Reversibility: RV = reversible; PRV = partially reversible; I = irreversible Context: LR = low resilience; MR = moderate resilience; HR = high resilience.

n/a = not applicable





54

6.1.4.5 Determination of Significance of Residual Adverse Effects

After the implementation of mitigation measures, the Project is not predicted to result in residual effects on the

Socio-community VC. Where no residual effects, or negligible potential residual effects are predicted, the

significance of those effects is also none or negligible and therefore no further evaluation is required. Proposed

project mitigation measures, predicted effectiveness of mitigation measures, and overall residual effects

determination are summarized below (Table 6.1--6)

Table 6.1-30: Summary of Predictions of Potential Residual Effects on Socio-Community

Valued Component

Potential Adverse

Effect Project Phase

Contributing Project Activity

of Physical Work

Mitigation Number

Effectiveness Level of

Confidence

Potential Residual

Effect (Y/N)


Change in demand for health and emergency services due to direct project use of services

Construction All construction activities

M6.1-1 Highly Effective

High N



Construction All marine based construction activities

CEMP Highly Effective

High N


Nuisance due to construction noise

Construction All construction activities


High N



Operation



High N



Decommissioning



High N





55

6.1.5 Cumulative Effects Assessment

As there are no adverse residual effects, no cumulative effects assessment is required.

6.1.6 Monitoring and Follow Up Programs

No monitoring and follow-up programs are required.

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6.1.7 References for Socio-community Effects Assessment

BC Ambulance. (2015, December 9). Personal Communication. Personal communication between representative

of BC Ambulance and Golder Associates.

BC Emergency Health Services. (2007). About the BC Emergency Health Services. Retrieved July 29, 2014, from

http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/ehsc/about/

BC Ministry of Health. (n.d.). MSP Information Resource Manual Fee-For-Service Payment Statistics 2013/2014.

Health Sector Planning and Innovation Division.

BC Ministry of Health. (2016a). 2015/16 Annual Service Plan Report. Available at:

http://www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/Annual_Reports/2015_2016/pdf/ministry/hlth.pdf. Accessed July 2018.

BC Ministry of Health. (2016b). Medical Service Plan Information Resource Manual: Fee-For-Service Payment

Statistics 2015/2016. Document on file at Golder Associates Ltd.

BC Ministry of Justice Police Service Division. (2016). British Columbia Crime Trends, 2007-2016. Retrieved

November 30, 2017 from https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/justice/criminal-justice/policing-in-

bc/publications-statistics-legislation/crime-police-resource-statistics.

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