community relationships a biological community is all of the living organisms that interact within a...
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Community Relationships
A biological community is all of the living organisms that interact within a
particular ecosystem
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What makes up an ecosystem?
• Biotic factors--All of the living components that influence an ecosystem
• Abiotic factors--All of the nonliving components that influence an ecosystem.
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Some abiotic factors
• Average rainfall• Type of soil• Humidity
• Pollution• Groundwater• Annual temperature
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Niche
• Each organism place a specific role in its respective community.
• What is the niche of a rabbit in the meadow?
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Food Web--shows transfer of energy
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As a result of the transfer of energy…
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Where do decomposers get their energy?
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Biomes
• Ecosystems defined by their abiotic and biotic factors.
• Typical food webs exist within biomes.
• Needham belongs to a Temperate Forest Biome– Cold winter; hot summer– Trees lose their leaves in
the winter– Animals must hibernate
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Activity
• In class you will virtually visit a biome and create a team post card.
• On the front of your paper--Draw a food web that exists in your biome (6 organisms).
• On the back, describe the abiotic factors that influence the community living in that biome.
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Other community relationships
• Symbioses:– Endosymbiosis
– Mutualism
– Commensalism
– Parasitism
– Predator-Prey
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Mutualism
• Both organisms benefit
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Commensalism
• One organism benefits the other remains neutral.
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Parasitism
• One organism benefits the other is harmed.
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Predator-Prey
• One organism benefits the other is eaten.
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Amount of Predators & Prey remains balanced
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Communities Change over Time
• Ecological Succession--the systematic change in a biological community– Primary: formation of
community where none existed.
– Secondary: rebuilding of a community after drastic change.
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http://www.restoringearth.co.uk/education/science/geography/ecology/succession/success1.gif
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Rebuilding
• Pioneer Species--first species to inhabit an area.
• Climax community--relatively stable community
• ?Does a climax community really exist?
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Bioaccumulation in a community
• Bioaccumulation: Buildup of toxins through a food web.
• Predators contain more toxins than organisms lower on the food chain!
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Example…DDT
• Used to kill insects.• Almost wiped out
predatory birds.• Rachel Carson--
environmentalist went to the popular press “Silent Spring” to bring awareness
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Imagine a Silent Spring
• Listening Activity--Listen to a Podcast from Silent Spring
• How would life as we know it be different if Rachel Carson had not brough awareness to this issue?
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Follow-up
• What type of relationship is it?!– Identifying symbioses
activity
• Ecological Succession and Bioaccumulation Worksheet
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