community perception and participation in ...tourism that realizes it will cultural and natural...

COMMUNITY PERCEPTION AND

PARTICIPATION IN PRESERVING

LEBAKMUNCANG TOURISM VILLAGE

(THROUGH ALTERATION OF LOCAL

RESIDENT'S HOMES BECOME A HOMESTAY)

Lu’luwatin Rosdiana Aprilia Hospitality Programme

Akademi Pariwisata NHI

Bandung, Indonesia

[email protected]

Sara Rabasari

Hospitality Programme

Akademi Pariwisata NHI

Bandung, Indonesia

[email protected]

Abstract— The objective of this study was to analyze

community perceptions and participation in the preservation of

Lebak muncang Tourism Village through the diversion

ofresidential houses to homestays. The implementation of this

research is based on a descriptive research method with a sample

of respondents is the Lebak muncang community whose home is

used as a Homestay. The results of this study indicate that public

perceptions of homestay products from the diversion of

residences point of view is more than half of the population are

in good category, but perceptions related to internal and external

factors of respondents are in the low category because most

respondents still have a low level of knowledge that affects his

views and thoughts, then the role of the government / community

leaders and facilities and infrastructure that are very low results

make a reasonable situation when the public perception of

homestay products is very low and lacks knowledge. Community

participation from the direct and indirect perception, indicate the

results of the indirect study participation is considered low,

participation should function to advance the Lebakmuncang

tourism village by show their willingness to change his house

into a homestay that is in accordance with applicable standards

and able to develop it and always participate either directly or

indirectly.

However, it needs to be supported by the role of figures

/government in achieving common goals.

Keywords—Community Perception, Community Participation,

Homestay, Tourism Village

INTRODUCTION

In the leadership of President Joko Widodo (2014-2019), the

tourism sector is a prority sector. In the work program of

resident Jokowi called Nawacita. At present the development

paradigm of national tourism destinations leads to development a

destination that aims to increase the unity and integrity of the

nation, development community-based, poverty alleviation and

sustainable use creating a competitive estination, encouraging

regional development and empowerment the community.

Tourism development focuses on development based

community, tourism development based on the community is

called Community Based Tourism. One tourism program

carried out with an approach Community based is a rural

tourism. According to Pariwisata Inti Rakyat defining a rural

tourism as a rural area that reflects authenticity rural both from

socio-economic life, social culture, customs, daily life, has a

building architecture and a typical village spatial structure, or

economic activity that is unique and interesting and has the

potential to develop various components tourism, for example:

attractions, accommodations, food and beverage, and other

touristneeds.[1]

One of the villages from several villages that are used as rural

tourism is the village Lebak muncang. Lebak muncang village is

populated by people from Sundanese background with Islam as

the main religion. One of the Lebak muncang village cultures is

to go to the top of the hill to hang out with the villagers as a form

of their gratitude during the harvest season arrives or during

certain occasions. Majority of this village livelihoods is lived as

a farmers and livestock breeders. According to the Bandung

Regency Regent's Decree with Number 556.42 / Kep.71-

Dispopar / 2011 concerning the Determination of Tourism

Villages in the Region Bandung Regency, there are 10 villages

designated as rural tourism according to the potential of each

village.[2]

Lebak muncang Village has an area of 802.26 Ha and tourists

can stay for a few days in resident's homes and following their

routine activities in the village. To make tourists able to learn

about the existing local culture, lifestyle and industrial economy,

then rural tourism of Lebak muncang needs accommodation that

can attract tourists to spend more time in the village. Therefore,

the people of Lebak muncang is developing a homestay with the

concept of life experience of local people with this homestay,

visitors can spent the night or two to have intense interaction

with local communities. Since 2014, some people begin to start a

business from converting their home into homestay. But in

reality, rural tourism of Lebakmuncang who do not have visitors

in large numbers, especially those who will spend the night,

hampering the development of the tourist village. This also has

the least impact visitors who use homestay services, except

certain groups is using rural tourism of Lebakmuncang for

certain events. Whereas a rural tourism of Lebakmuncang is

1st International Conference One Belt, One Road, One Tourism (ICOBOROT 2018)

Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 111

44

based on data from the Tourism Office of Bandung Regency

crowned as one of the dependable rural tourism. Based on

observations and initial interview with several community

leaders and several tourists who have ever been visiting and

staying at Lebakmuncang tourism village, the authors indicate

several aspects related to the lack of development of the rural

tourism, some of them is the person in charge or the working

group is difficult to contact by anyone who wants to know

information about the Rural tourism of Lebakmuncang that

causes potential tourists reluctant to go to Lebakmuncang

because of the first impression at the beginning of information

seeking is no response, then no sign or interesting advertisement

as a promotion Rural tourism of Lebakmuncang which causes

socialization of prospective tourists still very less. Economically

there are a lot of land that can be used by local residents for

businesses that one of them is his own home, a house that can be

used to stay and feel the life of the Lebakmuncang community

directly called homestay.

This fact raises many questions for researchers about how

perception and community involvement regarding homestay

development at Rural tourism of Lebakmuncang as a form of

participation in preserving the rural tourism of Lebakmuncang.

Based on this description, then this research has the following

problem formulation: 1) How is community perception about

homestay products from the settlement of residential homes?; 2)

How is community participation in homestay development in

Lebakmuncang village?; and 3) How is the form of community

participation in Lebakmuncang village through the conversion

from houses into a homestay to preserve Lebakmuncang Tourism

Village?

Based on the formulation of the problem above, the purpose of

this study was to find out: 1) Public perception about homestay

products from the settlement of residential homes; 2) Community

participation in homestay development in Lebakmuncang

village; 3) Perception the community regarding the form of

community participation in the village of Lebakmuncang in

managing homestay to preserve Lebakmuncang Tourism Village.

LITERATURE AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Tourism Village Preservation

The initial concept of conservation was preserving, namely effort

conserving and protecting while utilizing resources somewhere

with adaptation towards new functions, without eliminating the

meaning of cultural life. [3] Then, Community Based Tourism as

tourism that realizes it will cultural and natural potential where

this form of tourism is managed and owned by the community

locally aimed at helping tourists to learn about the lives of local

people.[4] This definition provides an understanding that

Community Based Tourism is a form of tourism that involves

local communities in its management with the aim of provide

benefits to local communities while introducing the lives of local

communities to tourists who come to visit.

B. Alteration of Local Resident’s Home to Homestay

Alteration is a word derived from English, namely alteration,

which means change. Changes according to Pasmore, state that

change can happen to us and around us, sometimes even we don't

realize that this is happening.[5]

Alteration means that we must change in how to do or think

about something, which can be expensive and difficult. One of

the type of accommodation that is quite attractive is homestay.

Different with the guest house, Homestay is a type of

accommodation that is quite popular in urban areas as well rural

areas in Indonesia, namely using private residences as tourist

attractions stay overnight. Generally homestays provide room

division service along with food and drinks. One of the

advantages of homestays is that tourists can get the opportunity

to get to know the owner's family. They can also know more

about nature and culture around especially if the homeowner has

a lot of knowledge about it. Basically, the definition of House-

Hotel is the same with homestays. According to ASEAN

Tourism Standards (2007), homestay is a form of

accommodation that uses a local home, providing opportunities

for guests / tourists to live the family's daily life or community as

well as a tourist attraction.

C. Perception and Community Participation

Perception generated by each person can be different for the

same stimuli. The differences in perceptions can occur because

there are five factors that influence perception formation. These

factors are culture, socioeconomic status, age, religion, and

interaction between gender roles, village / city, and ethnicity.[6]

Community perception in context changes in people's homes to

homestays are public views about the importance of

accommodation in preserving the rural tourism of

Lebakmuncang which starts from the change in the function of

local resident’s home becomes a homestay that is a characteristic

of a person rural tourism. Community perception is one of the

determinants of the level of community participation because

perception is a psychological process that is dependent of each

individual which functions to shape attitudes and determine

decisions to act. If community perception in converting local

resident’s home to become a homestay is good, then participation

the community in the preservation of tourism villages will

increase. The community participation is often interpreted as

participation, involvement and similarity of community members

in a particular activity directly or indirectly, as idea, policy

formulation, implementation program and evaluation. [7] Direct

participation means that members of the community participate

energy assistance in activities carried out, while indirect

participation can in the form of donations of thought, funding

and material needed.

D. Research Methodology

This study uses a descriptive research method, namely research

that seeks describe or describe the phenomenon or relationship

between the phenomena under study systematically, factually

and accurately. [8] The purpose of the descriptive method is to

collect actual data and information in detail that can describe the

symptoms social community. By using descriptive methods,

researchers will be able to describe it how community

involvement in the preservation of the Rural tourism of

Lebakmuncang throughAlteration of local resident’s houses into

homestays.


45

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. Result of Research

Internal Factors of Individual Respondents Research aimed at

finding an illustration of community perceptions and

participation in the preserving the rural tourism of Lebak

muncang through the change of the local people's house into

homestays that involve a description of people's thinking.

Characteristics of the community who became respondent in this

study consists from educational and working background.

TABLE 1.

RESPONDENTS' EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Source: Processed Author Data, 2018

The community here generally has the most background being

high school graduates as many as 22 people (32.8%). These data

illustrate that in the village of Lebak muncang, the average has

followed the government's invitation to the 9-year compulsory

education program the second most data followed by junior high

school graduates around 31%, after that the third is elementary

school graduates because there are still many who do not

continue school, especially the oldest. But in the tourist village

Lebak muncang there are also graduates around 9% Of the 44

respondents who work on average, 21 people have a jobs as farm

workers (47.7%). Came second is a job as a private employee

with 5 people (11.36%). The third majority is working as a

factory workers with 4 people (9.09%) followed by respondents

who work as laborers and and convenient store employee with 3

people each (6.28%). Then the respondent is people who work as

a civil servants, teachers and factory employees respectively with

2 people (4.55%) and lastly the least profession is as a farmer

with 1 person (2.27%).

TABLE 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS' WORK

STATUS


Distribution of respondent job data can be seen in

Figure 1 below:

Fig 1. Diagram of Percentage of Respondent's Job Distribution

(Source: Processed Author Data, 2018)

Knowledge of Respondents Of each question asked, respondents

who have understood do not reach a percentage 50%upwards. It

can be seen that as many as 76.1% of respondents have

understand the benefits of the homestay and which are not

included in the benefits of providing services homestay service.

As many as 58.2% of respondents have comprehend the negative

and positive impact arising from the homestay. As many as

19.4% of respondents have find out how homestays are standard,

and as many as 14.9% of respondents have understand the

meaning of homestay. Nearly half of the respondents (65%) did

not know about homestay and how it will be proven in the future

with the few who answer about what to do with a good homestay

on this question only 3 people (4.5%) respondents answered

correctly, while the rest were 95.5% of respondents answered

incorrectly. Respondents' knowledge consists of two categories,

namely high and low. Data calculation results primary using a

questionnaire shows that less than half of the respondents,

namely 23 people have a high level of knowledge. But 44

respondents were classified as having low level of knowledge

about homestay. Distribution of respondents based on level

knowledge about homestay management is presented in Table 3.

TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON

THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HOMESTAY


Table 3 shows that 65% of respondents still have a low level of

knowledge, while only 23% have had a high level of knowledge

about homestay.

Experience of Respondents

Activities that are directly related to the management of the

homestay are cooking for theguests, dancing and singing in

Sundanese arts and gamelan, build additional rooms, refit toilets

and lavatories, interact directly with travelers, tourists guide both

for domestic and foreign tourist, and directly involved in the

development of tourist villages. Activity indirectly related to the

management of the homestay in the rural tourism istake part in

socialization and training on homestay management. There are


46

two categories for the respondent's experience, namely low and

high. In research there are 4 people with a high level of

experience and 63 people with low levels experience in

managing homestays. On average they gain experienced only

from direct interaction with tourists without having any

participation in training / socialization and other things.

External Factors of Individual Respondents Individual external

factors in this study are the factors contained in research

respondent environment. These factors consist of the role of

government / figure community and facilities and infrastructure.

The role of government / community leaders in this study

measured by giving 9 questions to the respondent about the

actions that have been taken carried out by the

government/community leaders in developing and supporting

governance homestay to preserve rural tourism of Lebak

muncang. The action is in the form of counselling, training,

encouragement, giving examples, and invitations to solve

problems homestay. The role of government / community leaders

has two categories, namely high and low the results of which are

obtained through the accumulation of 9 questions regarding the

role of government / figures the community. The results obtained

through the questionnaire show that as much as 39%

Respondents answered that the role of the government/

community leaders in managing homestay classified as high,

while the remaining 61% of respondents answered low.

Distribution of respondents based on the description of the role

of government / community leaders is presented in Table 4

below:

TABLE 4. DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS' ANSWERS


The table above shows that all respondents consider the role of

government / figure people in homestay management are low.

Meanwhile, in this study, Infrastructure Facilities is measured by

giving respondents 4 questions about their suitability

government-built facilities and infrastructure in developing and

supporting and also preserving rural tourism through homestay in

Lebak Muncang. Results obtained through questionnaires show

that as many as 43% of respondents answered that the facilities

and infrastructure were managed Homestay is categorized as

adequate, while the remaining 57% are respondents answer is

inadequate. The respondent's distribution is based on an

overview of the role of the government / figure community is

presented in Table 5.

TABLE 5. DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS' ANSWERS

BASED ON FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE


Community Perceptions of Changes in Residential Residents

become Homestay Perceptions of changes in residential houses

of residents into homestays here are examined by seeing the

views of the rural tourism in Lebak muncang residents by

assessing changes in function rather than living as a homestay to

support the preservation of tourist villages Lebak muncang.

Respondents' responses regarding Perception. Based on the

results of processing presented in the table above, it can be seen

the total score for Perception is 1710. Amount the score is

entered to the continuum line.

Fig 3. Continuous Participation Line of Community Participation

2. Discussion

Community Perception Regarding Homestay Products from

Settling Homes Population. Research data on community

perceptions regarding Changes in Residential Residence become

a Homestay that is obtained from the community response

conducted in the tourist village Lebakmuncang related to the

Process of Change, Change Activities, and Results from Change.

The results of this study shown that more than a half of the

public's perceptions on the integration of houses in this

population is in a good category, in line with author expectation

that the community is accepting their house to be used as a

homestay for the tourists with intention to preserving the rural

tourism of Lebak muncang but still aware on the fact that their

knowledge is still limited.

Community Perception in Homestay Development in Lebak

muncang Village Research data regarding public

perceptionsregarding homestay development obtained from

community responses conducted in the rural tourism of Lebak

muncang related to internal and external factors of respondents.

Internally respondents have perceptions that are influenced by

gender, age, last education, employment status, knowledge and

experience of respondents related to respondents. Results

research that shows that most respondents (the people of Lebak

muncang Village) still have a low level of knowledge that affects

the perception of respondents to the homestay products in the

village where they live. In accordance with the results of

interviews with several communities who were made as

respondents one of them (AS) saidthat “da prinsip homestay di

dieu mah neng tujuanna tamu tiasa ngendong di salah sawios

bumi penduduk”. The statement gives understanding that the

perception of homestay products here is that tourists can stay in

the village Lebakmuncang but their knowledge about the concept

of homestay is still limited to a place to stay, even though

homestay quality standards should be based on the Permen

Parekraf No. 09 of 2014 concerning standard cottage business

which is generally a standard homestay business this includes

aspects of the product, service and management of the homestay

itself. Other than that, The standard of this homestay business is

also based on the ASEAN Homestay Standard which is concisely

contains two topics, namely for the Village Tourism Working


47

Group as the Person who manages the Homestay which includes

the homestay product itself, tourism activities, management,

location, security and safety, marketing and promotion, and the

principle of sustainability. The second is that the Homestay

owner covering all aspect of Accommodation (The House, The

Bedroom, The Toilet / Bathroom) and Hygiene and Cleanliness

(Kitchen, Bedroom & Toilet; Surrounding Compound; Food

Preparation, Environmental Sustainability, and Sociocultural

Sustainability). The discussion relating to internal factors of

public perception are those which include homestay owners /

Homestay Provider who must have certain standards when

following the Permen Parekraf’s rules and ASEAN standards that the authors suspect that the Lebak muncang community in

particular is have not yet understand about the homestay

standards. This situation is proven by the results of the study

which showed almost more than half of the respondents did not

know how homestays that meet the standards are also in line

with the results of several observations researchers where there

are many homestays there are still many that did not comply with

standards and have a toilet that is separated from the house. In

addition, the respondent's experience also means

thatRespondents have directly felt an activity with their senses.

This is very close relation to the notion of perception described

by Leavitt (1978), namely perception is an assessment or

interpretation of a person from the stimulus captured by the tool

the senses. Experience is the result of accumulation of the next

learning process influence how someone views an object / event.

Average of respondent only experienced direct interaction with

tourists without any experience following training / socialization

and so on. Furthermore, it affects the perception of the people

who do not run the management Homestays according to

standards are external factors which consist of government /

character roles community and facilities and infrastructure,

where the results are so low that it becomes natural why people's

perception of homestay products is very low and lacking his

knowledge. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded

that public perception in context Homestay products from

residential homes are public views about change of his house to

be used as a place to stay, which should encourage behavior the

community in managing homestay development according to

standards and being commercial and preserve the sustainable

Lebak muncang tourism village.

Participation of the Lebak muncang Village Community through

converting their Homes to become a homestays to preserve

Lebak muncang tourism village From the results of research

regarding direct and indirect participation of the community

preserving the rural tourism of Lebakmuncang was taken from

the respondent's responses which included Direct participation

(How to manage a Homestay, Level of home decorating

initiative, Homestay promotion, persuasive level of tourists,

willingness to involved, deep initiative to answer all tourist

questions, Involvement in tourist banquets, Involvement in

homestay management, involvement in every tourist activity and

participation in art activities) while indirect participation

includes (take part to provide criticism and suggestions,

participate in discussions about homestay management,

participate in counselling regarding village tours and homestay

development, participating in government housekeeping training

and arrangement, and participate in payment of levies). Research

results regarding More than half of the direct participation of

respondents gave good responses meaning that people are happy

to participate directly especially on times when tourists ask

directly about the tourist village Lebak muncang, the community

will have an initiative to answer, this is in line with the statement

expressed by Wibisono (1989) in Alfiandra (2009) that direct

participation means community members participate provide

energy assistance in activities carried out.

The result is far different from the indirect participation of the

community that provides the results of the study were less than

half of the respondents gave a bad response. That most striking is

the response to the statement participating in counselling village

tourism and homestay development, Participating in

housekeeping and meditation training where as a result more

than 70% of the people answered they never followed it. This

situation is directly proportional to the results of research on

public perceptions influenced by external factors, namely the

role of government / community leaders show results that the

community / respondent assesses the role of the government /

community leaders in low homestay management. The

government is considered to have less role in driving the

community to manage their homestays. Village Working Group

join with the staff to always monitors the homestay management

activities. Hard effort that’s been done by community leaders is what makes people aware that willingness to start managing each

homestay comes from within the community itself.

Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that

community participation in the context changes in residential

houses into homestays for the sustainability of tourist villages are

community views regarding its role as a community and

components in advancing the tourist village Lebak muncang is

by willingness to change his house into a suitable homestay with

applicable standards and able to develop it and always participate

both directly or indirectly. However, it still needs to be supported

by the role of figures / government to achieve common goals.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the research and discussion that has been

prepared by the researcher, it can be concluded that:

Public perception about homestay products seen from the settlement of homes from more than a half of th

epopulation is in good category, this condition is in line

with the writer suspecting that the community accepted

their house to become a homestay for tourists is to

preserve the Lebak muncang tourism village, however

apart from that, their knowledge is still low and limited

to standard homestay.

Community perceptions regarding the development of community perception related homestays with

respondents' internal and external factors that

shouldencourage behaviour in the community in

managing homestay development according to

standards by being commercial is to preserving the

sustainable Rural tourism of Lebakmuncang in fact

these two factors are in the low category because mo st

respondents (Lebak muncang Village community) still

have a low level of knowledge so it influences his views


48

and thoughts, then government / community leaders

roles and facilities and infrastructure whose results are

very low make a reasonable situation when people's

perception of the homestay product is very low and

lacks knowledge.

Community participation in the context of changingresidential houses to become homestays for the

preservation of tourism villages are the community

view regarding his role as a community and a

component in advancing the tourism village

Lebakmuncang by willingly to change their house into a

homestay that complies with applicable standards and

able to develop it and always participate both directly

and indirectly. However, it needs to be supported by the

role of figures / government in achieving common goals

together.

The author gives some implications for the results of this study

including though the community welcomed the settlement of

people's homes to become a homestay, but learned that public

knowledge about the homestay product still low and even the

perception is limited. Therefore, full support is needed from the

government including education and training and also

counselling about homestay and tourism villages for all levels of

society not only for working groups. One of the most important

steps is to invite people to develop and managing Homestay that

meets the standards by changing people's perceptions towards

homestay itself. Awareness is needed through socialization and

regularly monitored in managing and developing homestay.

When this can optimally run and influence the preservation of

Lebak muncang tourism villages in a sustainable manner. Based

on the results of research on community participation in

preserving the Rural tourism of Lebak muncang through the

settlement of houses to become homestay, the advice that can be

given is recommendations for further research, namely: Need to

be examined about the comparison of perceptions and

community participation between two tourist villages that have

management conditions and development different homestay.

Then, there is a need for community leaders who can act as a

driver to advancing the area. People who are respected by society

is a capital for an area to be able to carry out program’s

participatory development.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research was supported by NHI Tourism Academy of

Bandung. We thank our colleagues from there who provided

insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research, although

they may not agree with all the interpretations/conclusions of this

paper. We thank to Mr. Dadi and Mr. Sulaiman for assistance

with particular technique, methodology, and Mr. Donny

Yudhono as Director, Mr. Djoko & Mr. Yayan Sugiarto for

comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We would also

thank to 3 “anonymous” reviewers for their so-called insights.

We are also immensely grateful to all of you for their comments

on an earlier version of the manuscript, although any errors are

our own and should not tarnish the reputations of these esteemed

persons.

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[4] Hadiwijoyo, Suryo Sakti. 2012. Perencanaan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat (SebuahPendekatan Konsep).

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[5] [5] Wibowo. 2005. Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dan Konseling Kelompok. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta

[6] Sarwono SW. 1999. Psikologi Sosial Individu dan Teori-Teori Psikologi Sosial. Jakarta (ID): Balai

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