communities, biomes, and ecosystems chapter 3. limiting factors any abiotic or biotic actor that...
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Communities, Biomes, Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystemsand Ecosystems
Chapter 3Chapter 3
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Limiting FactorsLimiting Factors
• Any abiotic or biotic actor that restricts the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms
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Examples of Limiting FactorsExamples of Limiting Factors
•Sunlight
•Food
•Water
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Range of ToleranceRange of Tolerance
• The range of environmental conditions in which an organism can live and reproduce.
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Where will you find the greatest Where will you find the greatest diversity? Least # of organisms?diversity? Least # of organisms?
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ComparisonComparison
Limiting Factors
• Are biotic or abiotic factors that LIMIT the growth of a species.
Range of Tolerance
• Determined by the limiting factors that affect a species.
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Ecological SuccessionEcological Succession
The process by which an existing ecosystem is gradually and progressively replaced by another ecosystem
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Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession
• The development of biotic communities in a previously uninhabited and barren habitat with little or no soil.
• Ex. After lava flow
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Pioneer SpeciesPioneer Species
• First organisms to appear in primary succession
• Help to create the soil by secreting acid to break down rock
• Ex. Lichens (fungi/algae combo) & Mosses
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Climax CommunityClimax Community
• A relatively stable collection of plants and animals
• These will change due to environmental factors such as fires, floods, winds, tsunamis, hurricanes, droughts, and other natural disasters.
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Secondary SuccessionSecondary Succession
• The development of biotic communities in an area where the natural vegetation has been removed or destroyed but where soil is present.
• Ex. After a fire
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See figure on See figure on
Page 64Page 64
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ComparisonComparison
Primary Succession
• The establishment of a community in an area with no soil.
Secondary Succession
• The establishment of a new community in an existing ecosystem that was disturbed.
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Where are the most pioneer species? Where are the most pioneer species? What usually appears last?What usually appears last?
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BiomesBiomes
Ecosystems identified by their climax community
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ClimateClimate• The average year-after-year
conditions of temperature & precipitation in a particular region
• The variation of climate primarily depends upon the angle of incoming sunlight
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Types Terrestrial of BiomesTypes Terrestrial of Biomes
• Tundra
• Boreal Forest
• Temperate Forest
• Temperate Woodlands
• Temperate Grassland
• Desert
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Types Terrestrial of BiomesTypes Terrestrial of Biomes
• Tropical Savanna
• Tropical Seasonal Forest
• Tropical Rain Forest
• *Mountains
• *Polar Region
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ComparisonComparison
Temperate
• Mild temperatures, temperatures are not extreme.
Tropical
• Hot & Humid
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Aquatic BiomesAquatic Biomes
• Fresh Water
–Rivers and Streams• Flowing Water
–Lakes and Ponds• Standing Water
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Freshwater ZonesFreshwater Zones
• Littoral
• Limnetic
• Profundal
• Benthic
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Freshwater ZonesFreshwater Zones
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Aquatic BiomesAquatic Biomes• Marine
–Intertidal Zone–Open Ocean
•Photic Zone• Aphotic Zone• Benthic Zone• Abyssal Zone
–Costal Ocean and Coral Reef
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Transitional ZonesTransitional Zones
• Wetlands
• Estuary