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ARS / CSREES 2005 National Animal Health Program Planning WorkshopARS / CSREES 2005 National Animal Health Program Planning Workshop

Topic 1: BEEF Priority IssuesTopic 1: BEEF Priority Issues

Comments & suggestions Comments & suggestions after the meeting are after the meeting are encouraged!encouraged!

Gary Sherman – Gary Sherman – [email protected]@csrees.usda.gov

Peter Johnson – Peter Johnson – [email protected]@csrees.usda.gov

Cyril Gay – Cyril Gay – [email protected]@ars.usda.gov

Rob Heckert – Rob Heckert – [email protected]@ars.usda.gov

ARS / CSREES 2005 National Animal ARS / CSREES 2005 National Animal Health Program Planning WorkshopHealth Program Planning Workshop

Topic 1: BEEF Priority Topic 1: BEEF Priority IssuesIssues



Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: FMD has massive potential to devastate FMD has massive potential to devastate the beef industry and national economy if the beef industry and national economy if intentionally or unintentionally introduced into the intentionally or unintentionally introduced into the US.US.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:

1.1. Vaccine DevelopmentVaccine Development

2.2. PreparednessPreparedness

3.3. Anti-viralsAnti-virals

4.4. Host-Pathogen-Environment Host-Pathogen-Environment InteractionsInteractions

Initiative:Initiative: Foot and Mouth Disease (preparedness, Foot and Mouth Disease (preparedness, threat-response, vaccine, field strategies, containment, threat-response, vaccine, field strategies, containment, disposal, DHS overlap? Interagency cooperation? anti-disposal, DHS overlap? Interagency cooperation? anti-virals)virals)



Initiative:Initiative: Bovine Respiratory Disease Bovine Respiratory Disease (BVD, Pasteurella, Mannheimia, (BVD, Pasteurella, Mannheimia,

Histophilus, viral co-infection/emergence)Histophilus, viral co-infection/emergence) Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: BRD continues to be an economically BRD continues to be an economically significant disease complex. Better strategies are significant disease complex. Better strategies are needed for prevention.needed for prevention.


1.1.Management-Disease interactions/Prevention Management-Disease interactions/Prevention StrategiesStrategies

2.2.Rapid Diagnostics to aid in vivo diagnosis and Rapid Diagnostics to aid in vivo diagnosis and treatmenttreatment

3.3.Host-pathogen-environment interactionsHost-pathogen-environment interactions

4.4.Immunology/Vaccine DevelopmentImmunology/Vaccine Development



Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: A number of pathogens are economically A number of pathogens are economically important to the beef industry and have public health important to the beef industry and have public health significance as well.significance as well.


1.1. Vaccines/Anti-infection strategiesVaccines/Anti-infection strategies

2.2. Surveillance/Rapid Diagnostics to Surveillance/Rapid Diagnostics to aid in treatmentaid in treatment

3.3. Biosecurity and Biocontainment Biosecurity and Biocontainment PlansPlans

4.4. Genomics- genetically based Genomics- genetically based resistanceresistance

Initiative:Initiative: Enteric Disease (O157, Johne's, Enteric Disease (O157, Johne's, Salmonella, BVD, neonatal, specific Salmonella, BVD, neonatal, specific disease-related objectives under disease-related objectives under priorities)priorities)



Initiative:Initiative: Emerging and Re-Emerging Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases (FMD, vectorborne, TB/Brucella, Diseases (FMD, vectorborne, TB/Brucella, FAD, syndromes, surveillance, FAD, syndromes, surveillance,

ticks/babesia)ticks/babesia) Rank: 4thRank: 4thRationale:Rationale: New and existing disease control and New and existing disease control and

eradication programs are needed to address public eradication programs are needed to address public health, food safety and production concerns. There is health, food safety and production concerns. There is need to rapidly respond to unexpected disease need to rapidly respond to unexpected disease threats.threats.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1.Modeling/predictionModeling/prediction

2.2.Innovative, rapid detection/diagnostic tests Innovative, rapid detection/diagnostic tests

3.3.Understanding factors that lead to Understanding factors that lead to emergence/reemergence, including zoonotic emergence/reemergence, including zoonotic transmissiontransmission

4.4.Global surveillanceGlobal surveillance



Rank: 5thRank: 5th

Rationale:Rationale: Resistance to therapeutics is a growing Resistance to therapeutics is a growing concern in regard to production, food supply veterinary concern in regard to production, food supply veterinary medicine and public health. There are critical knowledge medicine and public health. There are critical knowledge gaps that hinder development of effective solutions.gaps that hinder development of effective solutions.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Rapid detection of resistance Rapid detection of resistance

strains strains

2.2. Bioinformatics/databasesBioinformatics/databases

3.3. Management practices to Management practices to manage/minimize resistancemanage/minimize resistance

4.4. Ecology of emergence- Ecology of emergence- ecosystem influencesecosystem influences

Initiative:Initiative: Resistance to Therapeutics / Antimicrobials Resistance to Therapeutics / Antimicrobials (antibiotics, anti-parasitics, other failures; treatment (antibiotics, anti-parasitics, other failures; treatment choices / consequences- disease evolution)choices / consequences- disease evolution)



Initiative:Initiative: TSEs TSEs

Rank: 6thRank: 6th

Rationale:Rationale: TSEs pose risk to the beef industry and TSEs pose risk to the beef industry and there are large knowledge gaps with respect to this there are large knowledge gaps with respect to this class of pathogens.class of pathogens.


1.1. PathogenesisPathogenesis

2.2. Antemortem diagnosisAntemortem diagnosis

3.3. DisposalDisposal

4.4. Genomic based Genomic based diagnostics/surveillance/resistancediagnostics/surveillance/resistance


Topic 2: DAIRY Priority Topic 2: DAIRY Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 2: DAIRY Priority IssuesTopic 2: DAIRY Priority Issues

Initiative:Initiative: Mycobacterial Disease Mycobacterial Disease Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: Economic losses due to these endemic diseases, Economic losses due to these endemic diseases, Johnes and TB are growing. Diagnostic methods are currently Johnes and TB are growing. Diagnostic methods are currently inadequate to detect disease prior to clinical onset.inadequate to detect disease prior to clinical onset.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Improve, develop, and validate Improve, develop, and validate

diagnostic tests for early detection of infected and diagnostic tests for early detection of infected and pre-clinical animalspre-clinical animals

2.2. Vaccine developmentVaccine development

3.3. Management strategies (hygiene, Management strategies (hygiene, nutrition, clean-up of premises)nutrition, clean-up of premises)

4.4. Understanding Host/pathogen Understanding Host/pathogen interaction, immune response or lack of response. interaction, immune response or lack of response. Understanding genetic basis of resistance to Understanding genetic basis of resistance to Mycobacterial pathogens. Mycobacterial pathogens.



Initiative:Initiative: Periparturient and Periparturient and Perinatal diseases. Perinatal diseases. Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: Periparturient and perinatal disease comprise Periparturient and perinatal disease comprise the bulk of diseases affecting economics and losses on the bulk of diseases affecting economics and losses on dairy farms. dairy farms.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. mastitismastitis

2.2. immune suppression (as immune suppression (as affected by cow comfort, nutrition, genetic affected by cow comfort, nutrition, genetic resistance) and enhancementresistance) and enhancement

3.3. metabolic disease, retained metabolic disease, retained placenta, reproductive disorders, and placenta, reproductive disorders, and lamenesslameness

4.4. Neonatal morbidity and Neonatal morbidity and mortality mortality



Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: There is a need to improve program capabilities to There is a need to improve program capabilities to control and prevent diseases of high impact to economic health of control and prevent diseases of high impact to economic health of dairy industry and public health. Research to improve programs dairy industry and public health. Research to improve programs to Control Zoonotic Diseases . Research needed to respond to to Control Zoonotic Diseases . Research needed to respond to acts of bioterrorism. acts of bioterrorism.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Vaccines, anti-virals, therapeutics, Vaccines, anti-virals, therapeutics,

and implementation strategies developmentand implementation strategies development

2.2. Development of new and Improved Development of new and Improved diagnostic methods and implementation diagnostic methods and implementation

3.3. Develop core abilities to identify Develop core abilities to identify "new" emerging diseases or research needed to "new" emerging diseases or research needed to respond to acts of bioterrorism - viral, microbial respond to acts of bioterrorism - viral, microbial isolation abilities. isolation abilities.

Initiative:Initiative: Biosecurity and disease Biosecurity and disease control of Emerging and re-emerging control of Emerging and re-emerging diseases diseases



Initiative:Initiative: Chronic endemic Chronic endemic diseases diseases Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: These endemic diseases , BVDV, BLV, IBR, BRSV, These endemic diseases , BVDV, BLV, IBR, BRSV, Adenovirus, Staph mastitis, Pappillary Digital Dermatitis, and Adenovirus, Staph mastitis, Pappillary Digital Dermatitis, and parasitic infections reduce the competitiveness of US dairies on parasitic infections reduce the competitiveness of US dairies on the world market the world market

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Improve, develop, and validate Improve, develop, and validate

diagnostic tests for early detection of infected and pre-diagnostic tests for early detection of infected and pre-clinical animals clinical animals

2.2. Vaccine developmentVaccine development

3.3. Management strategies (hygiene, Management strategies (hygiene, nutrition, clean-up of premises)nutrition, clean-up of premises)

4.4. Understanding Host/pathogen Understanding Host/pathogen interaction, immune response or lack of response. interaction, immune response or lack of response. Understanding genetic basis of resistance to these Understanding genetic basis of resistance to these pathogenspathogens



Initiative:Initiative: Arthropod borne Arthropod borne Disease Disease Rank: 5thRank: 5th

Rationale:Rationale: Diseases borne by arthropods are serious emerging and Diseases borne by arthropods are serious emerging and endemic threats and includes Babesiosis, rift valley fever, blue tongue, endemic threats and includes Babesiosis, rift valley fever, blue tongue, anaplasmosis, Heartwater, Theileria, Trypanosomiasis, Vesicular anaplasmosis, Heartwater, Theileria, Trypanosomiasis, Vesicular stomatitisstomatitis

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Improve, develop, and validate DX for early Improve, develop, and validate DX for early

infected and pre-clinical animals infected and pre-clinical animals

2.2. Vaccine and therapeutics developmentVaccine and therapeutics development

3.3. Management and vector control/avoidance Management and vector control/avoidance strategies (hygiene, nutrition, clean-up of premises, strategies (hygiene, nutrition, clean-up of premises, genetic selection for disease resistance)genetic selection for disease resistance)

4.4. Understanding Host/pathogen interaction, Understanding Host/pathogen interaction, immune response or lack of response. Understanding immune response or lack of response. Understanding genetic basis of resistance to these pathogensgenetic basis of resistance to these pathogens


Topic 3: PORK Priority Topic 3: PORK Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 3: PORK Priority IssuesTopic 3: PORK Priority Issues

Initiative:Initiative: PRRS (porcine reproductive PRRS (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome)and respiratory syndrome) Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: most economically important disease of swine ever, most economically important disease of swine ever, key contributor to other disease complexes. RNA virus with key contributor to other disease complexes. RNA virus with constantly changing genetics for which diagnostics are constantly changing genetics for which diagnostics are inadequate and vaccines are only partially protective at best.inadequate and vaccines are only partially protective at best.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1.Identify mechanisms for PRRS control and prevention. Identify mechanisms for PRRS control and prevention.

Improve detection methods.Improve detection methods.

2.2.Lab-field connections – genomics to biology. Utilize Lab-field connections – genomics to biology. Utilize genomics of host and pathogen to understand host-genomics of host and pathogen to understand host-pathogen interactions and increase herd resistance; pathogen interactions and increase herd resistance;

3.3.Understand protective anti-PRRS Immunity and develop Understand protective anti-PRRS Immunity and develop novel vaccines and therapeutics.novel vaccines and therapeutics.

4.4.Models of immune development – pathogen effects; Models of immune development – pathogen effects; comparative complex host-pathogen interactionscomparative complex host-pathogen interactions



Initiative:Initiative: Preventive health Preventive health management management Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: improve pig and human health, prevent improve pig and human health, prevent disease transmission to humansdisease transmission to humans

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. innate immunity, including innate immunity, including

comparative models comparative models

2.2. alternatives to growth alternatives to growth promotants, antibiotic usagepromotants, antibiotic usage

3.3. nutritional modulation of pig nutritional modulation of pig health, nutritional modification of final pork health, nutritional modification of final pork product to enahnce human health.product to enahnce human health.

4.4. management practices, housing, management practices, housing, reduction of stress, animal welfare reduction of stress, animal welfare



Initiative:Initiative: emerging/reemerging emerging/reemerging infectious diseases: PMWS, circoviruses; infectious diseases: PMWS, circoviruses; influenza; infectious pathogens of influenza; infectious pathogens of

unknown etiologyunknown etiology Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: Newly emerging and reemerging diseases Newly emerging and reemerging diseases appear. Identification of the actual infectious agent and appear. Identification of the actual infectious agent and its pathogenicity is required. New diagnostics must be its pathogenicity is required. New diagnostics must be developed. developed.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Improve genomic Improve genomic

characterization of emerging and reemerging characterization of emerging and reemerging disease agents disease agents

2.2. improved diagnostics improved diagnostics

3.3. Develop strong linkage with Develop strong linkage with NIH, CDC, human health researchers.NIH, CDC, human health researchers.

4.4. Rebuild human resources Rebuild human resources



Initiative:Initiative: complex disease complex disease interactionsinteractions Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: Many pig diseases result from the interaction of Many pig diseases result from the interaction of multiple infectious agents, e.g., porcine respiratory disease multiple infectious agents, e.g., porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), diarrheal syndromes. Indeed pathology may only complex (PRDC), diarrheal syndromes. Indeed pathology may only be seen as a result of such interactions. Alternatively certain be seen as a result of such interactions. Alternatively certain microbes can help prevent infection associated pathologies.microbes can help prevent infection associated pathologies.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Understand host-pathogen interactions at Understand host-pathogen interactions at

them molecular and cellular level, use of genomics them molecular and cellular level, use of genomics

2.2. regional, including mucosal, immunity, regional, including mucosal, immunity, immune toolkit, protective immune mechanisms,immune toolkit, protective immune mechanisms,

3.3. Understand microbial interactionsUnderstand microbial interactions

4.4. vaccines for difficult pathogensvaccines for difficult pathogens



Initiative:Initiative: FADs FADs

Rank: 5thRank: 5th

Rationale:Rationale: ARS is the only entity that can address ARS is the only entity that can address FADs and prevent threats to human food supplyFADs and prevent threats to human food supply


1.1.Improve diagnostic toolkit for FADs and agents Improve diagnostic toolkit for FADs and agents of bioterrrorism; field based rapid of bioterrrorism; field based rapid technologiestechnologies

2.2.Understand the epidemiology of the Feral Understand the epidemiology of the Feral swine – domestic swine interface swine – domestic swine interface

3.3.Emergency vaccine and therapeutic Emergency vaccine and therapeutic developmentdevelopment


Topic 4: POULTRY LAYERS Priority Topic 4: POULTRY LAYERS Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 4: POULTRY LAYERS Priority IssuesTopic 4: POULTRY LAYERS Priority Issues

Initiative:Initiative: Avian Infuenza/Exotic Avian Infuenza/Exotic Newcastle Disease Newcastle Disease Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: Foreign animal disease having global implications Foreign animal disease having global implications for human health, trade together with catastrophic for human health, trade together with catastrophic consequences.consequences.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Diagnostics - surveillanceDiagnostics - surveillance

2.2. Effectiveness of vaccines/need for Effectiveness of vaccines/need for mass application vaccine(s) in AI and improved mass application vaccine(s) in AI and improved Newcastle vaccines)Newcastle vaccines)

3.3. Genetic analysis of viruses (viral Genetic analysis of viruses (viral genomics-molecular epidemiology)genomics-molecular epidemiology)

4.4. Understanding ecology in waterfowl Understanding ecology in waterfowl and associated resistance in individual speciesand associated resistance in individual species



Initiative:Initiative: Marek's disease Marek's disease

Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: Historically, one of the more costly Historically, one of the more costly poultry diseases. Currently, using vaccine of last poultry diseases. Currently, using vaccine of last resort and more virulent strains are developing.resort and more virulent strains are developing.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1.New vaccinesNew vaccines

2.2.Understanding of genetic resistance in the Understanding of genetic resistance in the hosthost

3.3.Mechanisms of disease and changing viral Mechanisms of disease and changing viral pathogenesis, host immunitypathogenesis, host immunity

4.4.DiagnosticsDiagnostics



Initiative:Initiative: Mycoplasma Mycoplasma gallisepticum/Mycoplasma gallisepticum/Mycoplasma synoviae synoviae Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: Continues to be a problem that current Continues to be a problem that current vaccines have not dealt with and is a co-factor with vaccines have not dealt with and is a co-factor with opportunistic organisms and are highly prevalent. opportunistic organisms and are highly prevalent.


1.1.Better vaccine (Mg) and a live Ms vaccineBetter vaccine (Mg) and a live Ms vaccine

2.2.Improved diagnosticsImproved diagnostics

3.3.Understanding the immunological response of Understanding the immunological response of the hostthe host

4.4.Role in severity of bronchitis and E. coliRole in severity of bronchitis and E. coli



Initiative:Initiative: Avian Leukosis Virus Avian Leukosis Virus

Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: Virus mutates from less viurlent to more Virus mutates from less viurlent to more virulent - emergence of new subgroupsvirulent - emergence of new subgroups


1.1.DiagnosticsDiagnostics

2.2.Understanding the development of the Understanding the development of the recombinant viruses - ie, circumstances that recombinant viruses - ie, circumstances that allow for new viruses.allow for new viruses.

3.3.Genetic resistanceGenetic resistance


Topic 5: POULTRY BROILERS Priority Topic 5: POULTRY BROILERS Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 5: POULTRY BROILERS Priority Topic 5: POULTRY BROILERS Priority IssuesIssuesInitiative:Initiative: Alternative methods of Alternative methods of

production to deal with regulatory production to deal with regulatory changes that are limiting our changes that are limiting our production toolsproduction tools Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: The current regulatory environment is limiting The current regulatory environment is limiting the tools necessary to raise poultry (loss of antibiotics the tools necessary to raise poultry (loss of antibiotics and probiotics) and this has resulted or may result in and probiotics) and this has resulted or may result in increase of diseases like necrotic enteritis.increase of diseases like necrotic enteritis.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Necrotic enteritis (clostridial Necrotic enteritis (clostridial

diseases)diseases)

2.2. Necrotic dermatitis (clostridial Necrotic dermatitis (clostridial diseases)diseases)

3.3. Understanding microbial Understanding microbial ecology of the intestines ecology of the intestines

4.4. Mucosal immunityMucosal immunity



Initiative:Initiative: Poultry FADs Poultry FADs Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: The U.S. poultry industry has eliminated or The U.S. poultry industry has eliminated or prevented the introduction of many important poultry prevented the introduction of many important poultry diseases, but these diseases remain a threat to our diseases, but these diseases remain a threat to our poultry industry. poultry industry.


1.1. Avian influenza and ENDAvian influenza and END

2.2. Emerging diseases or other FADs Emerging diseases or other FADs (vIBD, etc) (vIBD, etc)

3.3. Biosecurity and biocontainment Biosecurity and biocontainment

4.4. Therapeutics, vaccines, and Therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnosticsdiagnostics



Initiative:Initiative: Respiratory diseases Respiratory diseases Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: Respiratory disease remain an important Respiratory disease remain an important cause of disease and decreased performance for cause of disease and decreased performance for the broiler industry.the broiler industry.


1.1. Infectious bronchitisInfectious bronchitis

2.2. Infectious laryngotracheitisInfectious laryngotracheitis

3.3. ColibacillosisColibacillosis

4.4. Mucosal immunology Mucosal immunology



Initiative:Initiative: Enteric diseases Enteric diseases Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: Enteric diseases remain a threat to the Enteric diseases remain a threat to the poultry industry and better control are needed, poultry industry and better control are needed, particularly since current tools may not be available particularly since current tools may not be available in the future.in the future.


1.1. Runting and stunting diseaseRunting and stunting disease

2.2. CoccidiaCoccidia

3.3. Therapeutics, diagnostics, Therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines and vaccines

4.4. Necrotic enteritisNecrotic enteritis



Initiative:Initiative: Immunosuppression Immunosuppression

Rank: 5thRank: 5th

Rationale:Rationale: Several viral diseases and environmental Several viral diseases and environmental factors are known to cause immunosuppression factors are known to cause immunosuppression that impacts overall animal health.that impacts overall animal health.


1.1.Infectious bursal diseaseInfectious bursal disease

2.2.Chicken anemia virusChicken anemia virus

3.3.Stress and developing tools for quantitatively Stress and developing tools for quantitatively measuring stress and its affects on immunitymeasuring stress and its affects on immunity

4.4.Nutrition and its affects on immunityNutrition and its affects on immunity



Initiative:Initiative: Tumour viruses Tumour viruses

Rank: 6thRank: 6th

Rationale:Rationale: Although currently these diseases are Although currently these diseases are under control, history suggests that these viruses under control, history suggests that these viruses will reemerge as disease issues for the broiler will reemerge as disease issues for the broiler industry.industry.


1.1.Marek's diseaseMarek's disease

2.2.Avian leukosisAvian leukosis


Topic 6: TURKEYS Priority Topic 6: TURKEYS Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 6: TURKEYS Priority IssuesTopic 6: TURKEYS Priority Issues

Initiative:Initiative: Improved diagnostics for Improved diagnostics for

detection of infectious agents of turkeys.detection of infectious agents of turkeys. Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: Need improved diagnostics that result in rapid Need improved diagnostics that result in rapid detection with improved sensitivity and specificity. detection with improved sensitivity and specificity.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Differentiate infected versus Differentiate infected versus

vaccinated for Avian influenzavaccinated for Avian influenza

2.2. Avian pneumovirus-vaccinated Avian pneumovirus-vaccinated versus infectedversus infected

3.3. PEMS-astrovirus, rotavirus, PEMS-astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus, etcreovirus, etc

4.4. SalmonellaSalmonella

5.5. Campylobacter 7.Fowl choleraCampylobacter 7.Fowl cholera

6.6. ORT 8.ColibacillosisORT 8.Colibacillosis



Initiative:Initiative: Develop improved vaccines for Develop improved vaccines for

protection against infectious agents.protection against infectious agents. Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: In the face of declining antibiotic usage, In the face of declining antibiotic usage, vaccines are a feasible alternative means for disease vaccines are a feasible alternative means for disease control. Developing new vaccines and vaccine strategies control. Developing new vaccines and vaccine strategies will aid in animal health and reduce disease transmission.will aid in animal health and reduce disease transmission.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Avian influenzaAvian influenza

2.2. Avian pneumovirusAvian pneumovirus

3.3. PEMSPEMS

4.4. Fowl choleraFowl cholera

5.5. mycoplasmamycoplasma

6.6. CoccidiosisCoccidiosis



Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: In real-world situations multiple species In real-world situations multiple species (e.g. turkeys, pigs, humans, water fowl) are in close (e.g. turkeys, pigs, humans, water fowl) are in close approximation to one another. Use of epidemiology approximation to one another. Use of epidemiology and survelliance will assist in disease control and and survelliance will assist in disease control and increased animal and public health. increased animal and public health.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Risk factors associated with Risk factors associated with

multi-species diseases.multi-species diseases.

2.2. Mode of transmissionMode of transmission

3.3. Avian influenzaAvian influenza

4.4. Avian pneumovirusAvian pneumovirus

Initiative:Initiative: Epidemiology and surveillance of Epidemiology and surveillance of infectious agents associated with turkey infectious agents associated with turkey diseases.diseases.



Initiative:Initiative: Improved Improved understanding of innate and understanding of innate and adaptive immune response of adaptive immune response of turkeys. turkeys. Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: Basic knowledge of the immune response Basic knowledge of the immune response of turkeys will help implement mitigation strategies of turkeys will help implement mitigation strategies for disease control. for disease control.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Improved knowledge of Improved knowledge of

turkey mucosal immunology as it relates turkey mucosal immunology as it relates to the gut and respiratory tracts. to the gut and respiratory tracts.

2.2. Understanding role of Understanding role of probiotic/additives in promoting turkey probiotic/additives in promoting turkey healthhealth



Initiative:Initiative: Develop genomic Develop genomic database of turkey species database of turkey species

Rank: 5thRank: 5th

Rationale:Rationale: Use of genomic markers will lead to Use of genomic markers will lead to improved selection of breeding stocks.improved selection of breeding stocks.


1.1.Identify genes and gene products associated Identify genes and gene products associated with increased feed efficiency.with increased feed efficiency.

2.2.Identify genes and gene products associated Identify genes and gene products associated with enhanced disease resistance.with enhanced disease resistance.



Initiative:Initiative: Other important issues Other important issues related to turkey industry related to turkey industry Rank: 6thRank: 6th

Rationale:Rationale: In discussions with turkey industry In discussions with turkey industry representatives these priorities were identified as being representatives these priorities were identified as being important to animal healthimportant to animal health

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Food safetyFood safety

2.2. Development of preharvest Development of preharvest intervention strategies to meet processing intervention strategies to meet processing standards standards

3.3. Enviroment/regulatory requirementsEnviroment/regulatory requirements

4.4. Animal welfareAnimal welfare

5.5. Nutrition/alternative feed sourcesNutrition/alternative feed sources


Topic 7: SHEEP and GOATS Priority Topic 7: SHEEP and GOATS Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 7: SHEEP AND GOATS Priority IssuesTopic 7: SHEEP AND GOATS Priority Issues

Initiative:Initiative: Scrapie (sheep and Scrapie (sheep and goats) goats) Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: Augment eradication; trade issues; cost Augment eradication; trade issues; cost of disposal and loss of by product valueof disposal and loss of by product value


1.1. Transmission/PathogenesisTransmission/Pathogenesis

2.2. DiagnosticsDiagnostics

3.3. Immunogenetics/Host Immunogenetics/Host genetic resistancegenetic resistance

4.4. Environmental Environmental persistence/decontaminationpersistence/decontamination



Initiative:Initiative: Internal Parasites Internal Parasites (sheep and goats) (sheep and goats)

Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: Multidrug resistance threatens Multidrug resistance threatens sustainabilitysustainability


1.1. Host resistanceHost resistance

2.2. Biological controls (such as Biological controls (such as nematophagous fungi)nematophagous fungi)

3.3. ImmunogeneticsImmunogenetics



Initiative:Initiative: OPP/CAE OPP/CAE

Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: A significant economic loss for the A significant economic loss for the industriesindustries


1.1. ImmunogeneticsImmunogenetics



Initiative:Initiative: Ovine/Caprine Johne's Ovine/Caprine Johne's disease disease

Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: Production losses; lack of tools for Production losses; lack of tools for effective control and preventioneffective control and prevention


1.1. DiagnosticsDiagnostics

2.2. Vaccine Vaccine development/immunogeneticsdevelopment/immunogenetics



Initiative:Initiative: Malignant Catarrhal Malignant Catarrhal Fever (sheep and goats) Fever (sheep and goats)

Rank: 5thRank: 5th

Rationale:Rationale: Maximize resource utilization and prevent Maximize resource utilization and prevent interspecies transmissioninterspecies transmission


1.1. Vaccine/immunogeneticsVaccine/immunogenetics



Initiative:Initiative: Bighorn Sheep Pneumonia - Bighorn Sheep Pneumonia - Etiology (Sheep) Caseous Etiology (Sheep) Caseous Lymphadenitis (goats) Lymphadenitis (goats)

Rank: 6thRank: 6th

Rationale:Rationale: CL - production loss and condemnation of CL - production loss and condemnation of product BSP - loss of grazing opportunitiesproduct BSP - loss of grazing opportunities


1.1. Epidemiology (BSP)Epidemiology (BSP)

2.2. Vaccine/immunogenetics (CL)Vaccine/immunogenetics (CL)


Topic 8: EQUINE Priority Topic 8: EQUINE Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 8: EQUINE Priority IssuesTopic 8: EQUINE Priority Issues

Initiative:Initiative: Regulatory Concerns Regulatory Concerns Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: Diseases that impact national and Diseases that impact national and international movement of horses that is central to international movement of horses that is central to all aspects of the equine industry. all aspects of the equine industry.


1.1. piroplasmosispiroplasmosis

2.2. Contagious Equine Metritis Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)(CEM)

3.3. VSVVSV



Initiative:Initiative: Enabling Technologies Enabling Technologies Rank: 2ndRank: 2nd

Rationale:Rationale: Development of tools that will enable and Development of tools that will enable and enhance all aspects of discovery research. Also enhance all aspects of discovery research. Also facilitates access to other funding avenues.facilitates access to other funding avenues.


1.1. GenomicsGenomics

2.2. immunologic reagentsimmunologic reagents

3.3. proteomicsproteomics

4.4. transcriptional profilingtranscriptional profiling



Initiative:Initiative: epidemiology, disease epidemiology, disease surveillance surveillance

Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: Data regarding incidence and prevalence Data regarding incidence and prevalence of disease are fundamental to determining future of disease are fundamental to determining future research priorities and disease control strategies.research priorities and disease control strategies.


1.1. track by incidence and track by incidence and economic impacteconomic impact

2.2. biosecurity, biocontainmentbiosecurity, biocontainment



Initiative:Initiative: Laminitis Laminitis

Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: A performance-limiting and life- A performance-limiting and life-threatening malady that affects all types of horses.threatening malady that affects all types of horses.


1.1.population studies - prevalence, prognosis, population studies - prevalence, prognosis, risk factors, incidencerisk factors, incidence

2.2.pathogenisispathogenisis

3.3.treatmenttreatment

4.4.preventionprevention



Initiative:Initiative: Respiratory Disease Respiratory Disease

Rank: 5thRank: 5th

Rationale:Rationale: Respiratory disease limits the utilization Respiratory disease limits the utilization and well-being of all types of horses. These and well-being of all types of horses. These conditions are highly prevalent.conditions are highly prevalent.


1.1. Recurrent Airway Obstruction Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)(RAO)

2.2. S. equiS. equi

3.3. foal pneumoniafoal pneumonia

4.4. herpes virusesherpes viruses



Initiative:Initiative: Colic Colic

Rank: 6thRank: 6th

Rationale:Rationale: Colic is the number one cause of Colic is the number one cause of mortality in horses based on insurance data and is mortality in horses based on insurance data and is reported as the number one concern of horse reported as the number one concern of horse owners.owners.


1.1. etiology, pathophysiology of etiology, pathophysiology of coliccolic

2.2. population studiespopulation studies

3.3. TreatmentTreatment

4.4. PreventionPrevention


Topic 9: WILDLIFE Priority Topic 9: WILDLIFE Priority IssuesIssues


Topic 9: WILDLIFE Priority IssuesTopic 9: WILDLIFE Priority Issues

Initiative:Initiative: Basic discovery of the biology, Basic discovery of the biology, genomics of susceptibility and resistance, and genomics of susceptibility and resistance, and mechanisms of diseases where little is known mechanisms of diseases where little is known

(TSE/CWD, Avian Flu)(TSE/CWD, Avian Flu) Rank: 1stRank: 1st

Rationale:Rationale: Research in this area is essential for the following Research in this area is essential for the following reasons: 1) the magnitude of impact of these diseases on reasons: 1) the magnitude of impact of these diseases on rural economies and US international trade positions, 2) rural economies and US international trade positions, 2) increase our base of scientific knowledge, 3) the potential increase our base of scientific knowledge, 3) the potential zoonotic effects on animal and human health, and 4) the zoonotic effects on animal and human health, and 4) the benefit to society in the control of these diseases. benefit to society in the control of these diseases.


1.1. CWDCWD

2.2. Genomics of TBGenomics of TB

3.3. Avian InfluenzaAvian Influenza

4.4. Phenotypic disease Phenotypic disease susceptibility/resistancesusceptibility/resistance



Rank: 2ndRank: 2ndRationale:Rationale: Recent disease events demonstrate the important role Recent disease events demonstrate the important role

of wildlife in the emergence diseases with a zoonotic potential as of wildlife in the emergence diseases with a zoonotic potential as well as a significant economic impact on the domestic animal well as a significant economic impact on the domestic animal industry. Existing diagnostic assays which are designed for industry. Existing diagnostic assays which are designed for domestic species are not adequate for many wildlife species. The domestic species are not adequate for many wildlife species. The availability of new technology and knowledge, like genomics and availability of new technology and knowledge, like genomics and micro-arrays, offers the opportunity to develop assays tailored to micro-arrays, offers the opportunity to develop assays tailored to specific wildlife species and infectious agents. Key to controlling specific wildlife species and infectious agents. Key to controlling spread of disease among and between wildlife, domestic animals, spread of disease among and between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans is the ability to identify infection in wildlife.and humans is the ability to identify infection in wildlife.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1.TB 4. Avian InfluenzaTB 4. Avian Influenza

2.2.BrucellaBrucella 5. Foreign animal disease 5. Foreign animal disease

3.3.TSE 6. Unknown/emerging TSE 6. Unknown/emerging infectious agentsinfectious agents

Initiative:Initiative: Development of diagnostics tools a) that are Development of diagnostics tools a) that are tailored to the wildlife species/infectious agent of interest, b) tailored to the wildlife species/infectious agent of interest, b) for use in surveillance systems of extensive wildlife systems, for use in surveillance systems of extensive wildlife systems, and c) which utilize genomics and new technologies for and c) which utilize genomics and new technologies for identifying animals with a potential to spread identifying animals with a potential to spread targeted/zoonotic diseasestargeted/zoonotic diseases



Initiative:Initiative: Immunology, improved Immunology, improved

vaccines, and delivery systemsvaccines, and delivery systems Rank: 3rdRank: 3rd

Rationale:Rationale: Wildlife has intrinsic value to the public but we need Wildlife has intrinsic value to the public but we need effective intervention strategies to protect this intrinsic value. effective intervention strategies to protect this intrinsic value. There is a lack of basic information on immulogical responses, There is a lack of basic information on immulogical responses, efficacious vaccines, and effective delivery systems.efficacious vaccines, and effective delivery systems.


1.1. Avian InfluenzaAvian Influenza

2.2. Evaluational of delivery of available Evaluational of delivery of available exotic disease vaccines to wildlife (foot & mouth exotic disease vaccines to wildlife (foot & mouth disease)disease)

3.3. Brucella and TBBrucella and TB

4.4. Development of immunilogical Development of immunilogical reagentsreagents

5.5. Basic immunoglical studies in species Basic immunoglical studies in species of interestof interest



Rank: 4thRank: 4th

Rationale:Rationale: There is an extensive amount of knowledge in the wildlife There is an extensive amount of knowledge in the wildlife management community about the ecology and behavior of wildlife. The management community about the ecology and behavior of wildlife. The veterinary community brings disease intervention strategies to the table. veterinary community brings disease intervention strategies to the table. Therefore integrating these information resources will improve disease Therefore integrating these information resources will improve disease control strategies by incorporating wildlife ecology into the control control strategies by incorporating wildlife ecology into the control paradigms. paradigms.


1.1. Identify pathophysiologies of Brucellosis Identify pathophysiologies of Brucellosis in elk and bison while utilizing wildlife's normal ecology in elk and bison while utilizing wildlife's normal ecology and behavior to control and eliminate brucellosis.and behavior to control and eliminate brucellosis.

2.2. Same for T.B.Same for T.B.

3.3. Same for psuedorabiesSame for psuedorabies

4.4. Where applicable use for avian influenza Where applicable use for avian influenza and other wildlife/domestic animal disease interfaces and other wildlife/domestic animal disease interfaces

Initiative:Initiative: Integration and meta-analysis of Integration and meta-analysis of existing knowledge of wildlife and existing knowledge of wildlife and disease/infection and ecologydisease/infection and ecology



Rank: 5thRank: 5thRationale:Rationale: Many new diseases in domesticated animals and Many new diseases in domesticated animals and

humans originate from wildlife. Assessing the risks of new humans originate from wildlife. Assessing the risks of new infections and their sources is critical to predicting the scope infections and their sources is critical to predicting the scope and impact of potential new outbreaks.and impact of potential new outbreaks.

Priorities within Initiative:Priorities within Initiative:1.1. Development of effective and Development of effective and

affordable surveillance technologies affordable surveillance technologies

2.Develop information sharing networks, GIS 2.Develop information sharing networks, GIS mapping of disease/infection distribution mapping of disease/infection distribution including integrated database developmentincluding integrated database development

3.3. Develop response Develop response contingencies to the intentional introduction contingencies to the intentional introduction of foreign animal diseases including cost-of foreign animal diseases including cost-benefit analyses benefit analyses

Initiative:Initiative: Epidemiological and risk assessment of Epidemiological and risk assessment of the potential new origins of zoonotic the potential new origins of zoonotic diseases/infections and the likely pathways of diseases/infections and the likely pathways of contagioncontagion

comments

Documents

based resistance initiative

mouth disease preparedness

enteric disease o157

existing disease control

significant disease

unexpected disease threats

bovine respiratory disease

beef industry