Sentences and Non-Sentences

ComplexContains 1 independent clause and 1+ dependent clauseIdeas are linked by subordinating conjunctionsafter, how, until, although, if, unless, as, in order, that, when as long as, whenever, as much as, now, where, as soon as, wherever, though, since, while, before, even, though, becauseEx. Although I love the mountains, I prefer the beach.

Compound-ComplexHas 2+ independent clauses and 1+ dependent clauses

Ex. When the heat comes, the lakes dry up, and farmers know the crops will fail.

I planned to drive to work, but I couldn't until the mechanic repaired my car.Aaron and I walked to class after eating lunch and checking our mail. I comforted the little boy who had fallen off his bicycle.After I baked cookies for the class, I decided to take a short nap.It had been raining all day, so Sara put on her rain boots and splashed through the puddles. Although I love the mountains, I prefer living at the beach because I can go swimming, and the weather is always warm. Nora feels so distraught by Torvalds reaction that she decides to leave home; she needs to find herself.I brush my teeth, comb my hair, and change into pajamas every night.I hate to run, yet I still do it because it is good exercise.I fed the cat, and I let out the dog, and I left for work.I rewarded myself Sunday night since I had worked hard on my project all weekend.

Sentences and Non-Sentences

- A sentence tells a complete idea.- A fragment (non-sentence) tells an incomplete idea.Read each of the following statements and decide which is a complete sentence.

Sharks are fierce hunters.Sentence

Fragment

Afraid of sharks.Sentence

Fragment

The great white shark will attack people.Sentence

Fragment

Other kinds will not.Sentence

Fragment

Sharks have an outer row of teeth for grabbing.Sentence

Fragment

When the outer teeth fall out, another row of teeth moves up.Sentence

Fragment

Help keep the ocean clean by eating dead animals.Sentence

Fragment

Thats good to know!Not a single bone in his body.Sentence

FragmentMade of the same material as the tip of your nose.Sentence

Fragment

Even when sleeping.Sentence

Fragment

Dependent Clausesubordinate clauseContains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thoughtCannot stand alone as a sentenceMust be attached to an independent clause

Ex: When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his English quiz Grammar PracticeWrite 2 SENTENCES.Reminder: These are COMPLETE thoughts independent (main) clausesWrite 2 dependent clauses.contains a subject & verb

You have 5 minutes

Clause ReviewClausesDependent clause

Independent clauseComplete these dependent clauses:Since I love football

After we leave school

If you say that one more time

The Vicious Run-on Sentenceand how to tame it.Run-on SentenceHas at least 2 partsEither part can stand alone 2 independent clauses improperly combined

The sun is high, put on some sunscreen.How to Combine a Run-onComma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)The sun is high, so put on sunscreen.

FANBOYSFANBOYS PracticeCorrectly combine 2+ independent clauses using 3 different FANBOYS.

You have 8 minutes Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in Digital Age*Please do not write on the article.Directions:Read the article with your group.Summarize it.*Reporters formulaTell the main idea.*Determine the subject & whats being said about it NO SPECIFICS!Find a quote to support the main idea.Write 1 paragraph explaining why the information in this article matters.

Literary & Rhetorical DevicesForeshadowing Imagery Metaphor Extended Metaphor Simile Dialogue Alliteration Anaphora Allusion Allegory Symbol Theme Irony Personification Mood Tone Oxymoron Hyperbole Rhetorical Question Structure Diction Ethos Pathos Logos Parallelism ParadoxConnotation Denotation

Pain-Free Guide to Semi-colons

Ok, so what does a semi-colon do?Links 2 independent clauses (2 complete thoughts) with no additional words

ExamplesI am going home; I intend to stay there.

It rained heavily during the afternoon; we managed to have our picnic anyway.

They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; they decided to camp for the night.

What else can it do?join 2 independent clauses together with a conjunctive adverb (adverbs that join independent clauses): however moreover thereforeconsequently otherwise neverthelessthus More ExamplesI am going home; moreover, I intend to stay there.

It rained heavily during the afternoon; however, we managed to have our picnic anyway.

They couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; therefore, they decided to camp for the night.

Correct or Incorrect?I felt sleepy after school; I took a nap on the couch.The prom is next month; but I dont have a date yet. I love pizza; wings; chocolate; and burgers.Washington Irving is a Romantic author; however, Nathaniel Hawthorne is a Dark Romantic.I failed English; consequently, my parents grounded me.

Semi-Colon PracticeWrite 3 sentences correctly combining 2+ independent clauses with a semi-colon and NO additional words.Write 3 sentences correctly combining 2+ independent clauses using a conjunctive adverb.

You have 11 minutes Sentence CombiningSemi-colon Formulasmain clause + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + main clause.I love dogs; however, I like cats too.main clause + ; + main clause.I love my cat; his name is Jack.

Common Conjunctive Adverbsaccordinglyalsobesidesconsequentlyconverselyfinallyfurthermorehence howeverindeedinsteadlikewise

meanwhilemoreoverneverthelessnext nonethelessotherwisesimilarlystillsubsequentlythenthereforethus

NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITHCoordinating ConjunctionsMain clause + , + FANBOYS + main clause.I love my dog, and I love my cat.

ForAndNorButOrYetSo

CorrectionsCorrect each of the following sentences 3x.Using JUST a semi-colonUsing the semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, comma constructionUsing a comma and FANBOYSI am sleepy I want to take a nap.My dog ran away I cried myself to sleep.This weekend is Halloween my costume is awesome.

1st do this Friday3rd - tomorrow43QuotationsNotationsType 1 Entry#1I hope shell be a foolthats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool (Fitzgerald 17).This quote is important because it offers a revealing glimpse into Daisys character. Shes not a fool herself but is the product of a social environment that does not value intelligence in women. The older generation values submissiveness in females, and the younger generation values mindless giddiness and pleasure-seeking. Daisy often tries to act such a part and conforms to the social standard of American femininity in the 1920s in order to avoid tension-filled issues.The Fab FourTypes of SentencesCompoundConsists of 2+ independent clauses. The independent clauses can be joined with, + A coordinating conjunction: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)A semicolon (;)

Ex. Amir is a coward, but Hassan is brave.

Grammar PracticeWrite 8 sentences:2 simple2 compound2 complex2 compound-complex

You have 12 minutes Aaron and I walked to class after eating lunch and checking our mail. I comforted the little boy who had fallen off his bicycle.After I baked cookies for the class, I decided to take a short nap.It had been raining all day, so Sara put on her rain boots and splashed through the puddles. Although I love the mountains, I prefer living at the beach because I can go swimming, and the weather is always warm. Nora feels so distraught by Torvalds reaction that she decides to leave home; she needs to find herself.I brush my teeth, comb my hair, and change into pajamas every night.I hate to run, yet I still do it because it is good exercise.I fed the cat, and I let out the dog, and I left for work.I rewarded myself Sunday night since I had worked hard on my project all weekend.

Sentence Type PracticeDirections: Copy the sentences below. Label all clauses dependent and independent and determine the type simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.Daisy chooses Tom.Although Daisy is responsible for Myrtles death, Gatsby takes the blame.Gatsby realizes Daisy doesnt love him, and his dream dies.Wilson discovers his own wifes infidelity, and he plans to move her out west until he learns she is dead.Sentence Type Scavenger HuntDirections:Re-read pages 159-162 of The Great Gatsby.Locate, copy, and label, 1 of each sentence type simple, compound, complex, compound-complex.Label all clauses independent and dependent.Respond: Whats Fitzgeralds purpose for using multiple sentence types?Sentence TypesStructureFour sentence typesDeclarative: makes a statement, ends with a period.English is fascinating.Imperative: makes a command, ends with a period.Go study for your vocabulary quiz.Exclamatory: expresses a strong feeling and is followed with an exclamation point!Im failing English!Interrogative: asks a question and ends with a question mark?Will you help me with my English homework?Sentence Type PracticeWrite a declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory sentence about Forrest Gump.Bonus: use vocabulary words in the sentences!Sentence Type ReviewWill Amir ever redeem himself?Hassan is a loyal boy.Leave us alone, agha.We won!

Sentence TypesLengthSentence Length VarietyTelegraphic: 5 or fewer wordsShort: approximately 10 wordsMedium: approximately 18 wordsLong and Involved: 30 words or moreCount Poes SentencesI was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it--oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly--very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha!--would a madman have been so wise as this?From: The Tell-Tale HeartPoes Sentence VarietyTelegraphic:Short:Medium:Long and Involved:**Longer sentences provide better description. Show, Dont Tell!!****J.K. Rowling ExcerptNearly ten years had passed since the Dursleys had woken up to find their nephew on the front step, but Privet Drive had hardly changed at all. The sun rose on the same tidy front gardens and lit up the brass number four on the Dursleys' front door; it crept into their living room, which was almost exactly the same as it had been on the night when Mr. Dursley had seen that fateful news report about the owls. Only the photographs on the mantelpiece really showed how much time had passed. Ten years ago, there had been lots of pictures of what looked like a large pink beach ball wearing different-colored bonnets--but Dudley Dursley was no longer a baby, and now the photographs showed a large blond boy riding his first bicycle, on a carousel at the fair, playing a computer game with his father, being hugged and kissed by his mother. The room held no sign at all that another boy lived in the house, too.From: Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone

Rowlings Sentence VarietyTelegraphic:Short:Medium:Long and Involved:**Longer sentences provide better description. Show, Dont Tell!!****Sentence Length PracticeWrite a Telegraphic, Short, Medium, and Long & Involved Sentence about Love & Sacrifice and what you have learned in this unit. Bonus: incorporate vocabulary terms! VarietyYou should have at least 3 different sentence lengths in a body paragraph.Combine simple sentences to make compound or complex sentences.Length helps maintain the readers interest.Include some telegraphic, or short, sentences for emphasis.Grammar ReviewWrite a compound-complex sentence using at least two vocabulary words.Identify the clauses in each sentence, then Identify all subjects and verbs Identify any prepositional and/or verbal phrases.Sentence VarietyBeginningsSentence BeginningsSUBJECT-VERB I shot the sheriff.SUBORDINATE (DEPENDENT) CLAUSE - After I won the Super Bowl, I went to Disney World.PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE - At the beginning of time, there was a void.Sentence Beginnings ReviewScreaming loudly, my mother grounded me.After I worked out, I took a shower.My mom baked cookies.To hold the door for you is the least I could do.In the woods, there are fairies.Luckily, I remembered to study for the test.More Sentence BeginningsINFINITIVE To be a man must be the epitome of existence.VERBAL Spinning wildly, she flung herself off the stage.ADVERB Unfortunately, the opposite was true as well.

Sentence Variety in EssaysUnderline the first five words of each sentence in red.(Place parenthesis around simple sentences in green.)Count the number of words in each sentence and place the number in blue over the last word of the sentence.Highlight any sentences that are exclamatory or interrogative.73Subject- VerbSubordinate clausePrepositional phraseVerbal(Gerund or Participle)Infinitive(to + verb)Adverb

VarietyYou should have at least 3 types of sentence beginnings in a body paragraph.Combine simple sentences to make compound or complex sentences.Length helps maintain the readers interest.Include some telegraphic, or short, sentences for emphasis.When writing a speech include multiple exclamatory and interrogative sentences; if not writing a speech, keep them to a minimum.Journal Entry #9All wars are civil wars, because all men are brothers. - Francois Fenelon

Write a 6-8 sentence paragraph. Define WAR in your own words.Try to create a 3-part definition (term, classification, defining characteristics)Discuss a personal example (a war can represent an internal struggle).Discuss a historical or cultural example.Discuss a fictional example from a book or film.