combined past paper questions on excretion and homeostasis

2

0610/3/M/J/03

Section A

Answer all the questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows an incomplete diagram of the female urinary system.

Fig. 1.1

(a) On Fig. 1.1, draw and label the following parts:

renal artery, urethra and ureter. [4]

(b) Name three components that are present in the urine of a healthy person.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

3. ..................................................................................................................................[3]

toheart

fromheart

kidney

bladder

ForExaminer’s

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3

0610/3/M/J/03 [Turn over

(c) If the kidneys fail, the patient may be put on a kidney machine.

Explain how a kidney machine works.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[4]

(d) The kidneys are part of the body’s homeostatic mechanism.

(i) Define homeostasis.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Outline the role of the kidneys in homeostasis.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Name another organ of the body also involved with homeostasis and outline itsrole.

name of organ ...........................................................................................................

role ............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

[Total : 18]

ForExaminer’s

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8

UCLES 2004 0610/01/M/J/04

17 The diagram shows the circulatory system of a mammal.

capillary

network

in lungs

capillary network

in body organs

left atrium

left ventricle

right atrium

right ventricle

S

R

What describes the blood in vessels R and S?

R S

A deoxygenated deoxygenated

B deoxygenated oxygenated

C oxygenated deoxygenated

D oxygenated oxygenated

18 From which organ is most carbon dioxide excreted?

A kidney

B liver

C lung

D skin

19 Which word equation represents anaerobic respiration in muscles?

A glucose → lactic acid + energy

B glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

C glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

D glucose + oxygen → lactic acid + water + energy

9

UCLES 2004 0610/01/M/J/04 [Turn over

20 Which process in green plants produces carbon dioxide?

A photosynthesis

B respiration

C translocation

D transpiration

21 The diagram shows structures associated with the human urinary system.

Which structure is the urethra?

B

A

C

D

from

heart

to

heart

6

0610/03/M/J/04

3 Table 3.1 shows a student’s daily water gains and losses.

Table 3.1

(a) Complete the table by calculating the volume of sweat lost by the student.

Show your working in the space below.

[1]

(b) Name the organ responsible for

1. excreting water in expired air; ......................................................................................

2. releasing water by sweating; ........................................................................................

3. forming urine; ...............................................................................................................

4. reabsorbing water from undigested food to form faeces. .............................................[4]

(c) On a hot day the student still took in 2800 cm3 of water.

(i) Suggest and explain what would happen to the volume of sweat and urineproduced.

sweat ........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

urine ..........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2004

water gain / cm3 water loss / cm3

drink 1650 urine 1500

food 800 faeces 100

water released in expired air 400

chemical reactions 350 sweat ............

total 2800 total 2800

7


The volume of water gained and lost by the student is balanced.

(ii) Name the term used for the maintenance of a constant internal environment.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Use words from the list below to complete the paragraph.

excretion glucose glycogen insulin liver oestrogen

pancreas secretion starch stomach sucrose

The blood stream transports a sugar called ....................................... .

The blood sugar level has to be kept constant in the body.

If this level falls below normal, a hormone called glucagon is released into the blood by

an endocrine organ called the ....................................... .

The release of a substance from a gland is called ....................................... .

Glucagon promotes the breakdown of ....................................... to increase the bloodsugar level.

If the blood sugar level gets too high, the endocrine organ secretes another hormone

called ....................................... into the blood.

This hormone promotes the removal of sugar from the blood and its conversion to

glycogen in the ....................................... . [6]

[Total : 16]

ForExaminer’s

Use

© UCLES 2004

9

© UCLES 2005 0610/01/M/J/05 [Turn over

23 In which organ is urea formed and through which tube does it leave the body?

organ tube

A kidney ureter

B kidney urethra

C liver ureter

D liver urethra

24 Which substances are usually found in the urine of a healthy person?

A glucose and proteins

B salts and amino acids

C salts and water

D water and proteins 25 During a long-distance race, the body temperature of an athlete begins to rise.

Which changes occur to help return the body temperature to normal?

sweating blood vessels

in the skin

A decreases constrict

B decreases dilate

C increases constrict

D increases dilate

9


For

Examiner's

Use

4 The temperature of mammals is normally kept fairly constant. (a) Explain how each of the following processes helps to keep the body temperature

constant. (i) sweating

[3]

(ii) vasoconstriction

[4]

(b) Explain the value to mammals of maintaining a constant body temperature.

[2]

[Total: 9]

9


21 The graph shows the rate and depth of breathing in a person before exercise.

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0 4

time / s

volume of air in

lungs during

breathing / dm3

8

Which graph shows the rate and depth of breathing of the same person immediately after a period of exercise?

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0 4

time / s

A

volume of air inlungs duringbreathing / dm3

8

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0 4

time / s

B


8

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0 4

time / s

C


8

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0 4

time / s

D


8

22 In which organ is urea made and by which organ is it removed from the blood?

where made where removed

A kidney kidney

B kidney liver

C liver kidney

D liver liver

10

© UCLES 2006 0610/01/M/J/06

23 The diagram shows structures within human skin under two different external conditions.

condition 1 condition 2

sweat glands

blood vessel

What are external conditions 1 and 2?

condition 1 condition 2

A cool hot

B cool cool

C hot cool

D hot hot

24 Which of these contains relay neurones?

A effector

B receptor

C spinal cord

D stimulus

12

© UCLES 2006 0610/02/M/J/06

For

Examiner's

Use

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a diagram of part of the digestive system, associated organs and blood vessels.

X

Y

V

W

Z

hepatic

portal

vein

Fig. 8.1

hepatic

vein

hepatic

artery

(a) Complete Table 8.1 to identify the named structures.

Table 8.1

name of structure letter label

duodenum

gall bladder

liver

pancreas

stomach

[5]

13


For

Examiner's

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(b) (i) Name the liquid that is stored in the gall bladder.

[1]

(ii) Name a hormone that affects the storage of glycogen in the liver.

[1]

(c) Fig. 8.2 shows the rate of digestion of protein by two different enzymes, A and B, over a

range of pH.

rate of

digestion

of protein

2 4 6 8 10 12

pH

enzyme

A

enzyme

B

Fig. 8.2 (i) Name the structure, shown in Fig. 8.1, in which enzyme A will be most active.

[1]

(ii) Name the structure, shown in Fig. 8.1, in which enzyme B will be most active.

[1]

14

© UCLES 2006 0610/02/M/J/06

For

Examiner's

Use

(d) (i) Name the blood vessel, shown in Fig. 8.1, that would contain blood with the highest oxygen concentration.

[1]

(ii) Which part of the blood carries oxygen?

[1]

(iii) Name the blood vessel, shown in Fig. 8.1, that would contain blood with the highest

urea concentration.

[1]

(iv) Which part of the blood carries urea?

[1]

[Total: 13]

9


19 Why is yeast used in breadmaking?

A to provide alcohol

B to provide carbon dioxide

C to provide oxygen

D to provide lactic acid 20 Which features are present in gaseous exchange surfaces?

large surface area moist thick walls

A � � � key

B � � � � = present

C � � � � = not present

D � � �

21 Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer?

A carbon dioxide

B carbon monoxide

C nicotine

D tar 22 What is an example of homeostasis?

A breathing in oxygen

B regulating blood glucose

C removing undigested food through the anus

D urinating to empty the bladder

10

© UCLES 2007 0610/01/M/J/07

23 The table shows an analysis of urine and of blood after filtration in the kidney.

percentage of substance in substance

blood urine

glucose 0.10 0.00

salts 0.30 0.60

urea 0.03 2.00

water 90.00 97.00

Which substance is completely reabsorbed by the kidney?

A glucose

B salts

C urea

D water 24 The diagram shows a neurone.

X Y

Which structures could be found at X and Y?

X Y

A brain intestine

B brain leg

C eye hand

D skin spinal cord

25 The diagram shows shoots of maize seedlings.

Which shoot shows negative geotropism?

A B C D

light light

gravity gravity

19


For

Examiner's

Use

9 Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, including a constant body temperature.

(a) Suggest why it is important that the body temperature of humans is kept constant.

[2]

(b) Describe and explain the effect of sweating in maintaining human body temperature.

[4]

[Total: 6]

6

© UCLES 2008 0610/01/M/J/08

12 Which are characteristics of enzymes?

A They are carbohydrates and biological catalysts.

B They are carbohydrates and chemical messengers.

C They are proteins and biological catalysts.

D They are proteins and chemical messengers. 13 The diagram shows part of the digestive system.

12

What is a function of the liquid produced by part 1 and released into part 2?

A to digest proteins to amino acids

B to increase the surface area of fat droplets

C to acidify the contents of part 2

D to prevent further digestion of starch

10

© UCLES 2008 0610/01/M/J/08

21 A person has been smoking heavily for many years.

A lot of dust and micro-organisms enter their lungs.

Which statement explains why this occurs?

A Their arteries are blocked with tar.

B The cilia in the trachea have been destroyed.

C The person is addicted to nicotine.

D The surface area of the lungs is reduced. 22 Capillaries near the surface of the skin become wider after drinking large amounts of alcohol.

Why does this cause the body temperature to drop?

A It allows heat to be lost rapidly from the skin.

B It causes vasoconstriction.

C It prevents vasodilation.

D It stops the person from sweating. 23 The diagram represents some human organs and their blood vessels.

liver

gut

kidney

P

R

Q

Immediately after taking an alcoholic drink, how would the levels of alcohol compare in blood vessels P, Q and R?

P Q R

A very high some very high

B some very high very low

C very low very low some

D very high very low very low

13


For

Examiner's

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10 (a) Define the term homeostasis.

[2]

(b) It has been suggested by some scientists that the iris reflex is an example of

homeostasis. Describe this reflex and explain why it might be considered to be a homeostatic

mechanism.

[3]

[Total: 5]

14

© UCLES 2008 0610/02/M/J/08

For

Examiner's

Use

11 (a) Fig. 11.1 shows the urinary system and its blood supply.

.................................. X

.................................. Y

.................................. Z

direction of

blood flow

Fig. 11.1 On Fig. 11.1 label structures X, Y and Z. [3] (b) Table 11.1 shows the relative quantities of several substances in the blood in the renal

artery and renal vein.

Table 11.1

substance relative quantities in blood in

renal artery (arbitrary units)

relative quantities in blood in renal vein

(arbitrary units)

glucose 10.0 9.7

oxygen 100.0 35.0

sodium salts 32.0 29.0

urea 3.0 1.5

water 180.0 178.0

15

© UCLES 2008 0610/02/M/J/08

For

Examiner's

Use

Explain what is happening in the kidney to bring about three of the differences between the blood in the renal artery and renal vein, shown in the table.

[3]

[Total: 6]

9


20 In an experiment, three glass bell jars were set up as shown in the diagram.

air

from

lungs

green

plant

P Q R

left in sunlight

for 8 hours

left open to the

air for 8 hours

air breathed out by a

student for 5 minutes

bell jar

At the end of the experiment, which bell jar has the most oxygen and which has the least?

most oxygen least oxygen

A P Q

B P R

C Q P

D R P

21 The diagram represents the exchange of gases during breathing and during respiration in the

body.

carbon dioxide

in blood

oxygen

in blood

carbon

dioxide

oxygen

X Y

What is represented by X and by Y?

X Y

A lungs air

B lungs body cells

C body cells air

D body cells lungs

10

© UCLES 2009 0610/01/M/J/09

22 The diagram shows a kidney and its blood vessels.

arteryvein

ureter

In a healthy person, which structures transport glucose?

A artery only

B artery and ureter

C artery and vein

D ureter and vein 23 What is true for a runner, at the end of a marathon race, in a hot climate?

A sweating and vasoconstriction

B sweating and vasodilation

C vasoconstriction only

D vasodilation only 24 When a person is frightened, adrenalin is released by the adrenal glands.

What are the effects of the adrenalin?

breathing rate heart beat rate

A decreased decreased

B decreased increased

C increased decreased

D increased increased

4

© UCLES 2009 0610/02/M/J/09

For

Examiner's

Use

2 (a) Why do most waste products of metabolism have to be removed from the body?

[1]

(b) Fig.2.1 shows the human excretory system.

Fig. 2.1 Name the parts that fit each of the following descriptions. (i) The tube that carries urine from the kidneys.

[1]

(ii) The organ that stores urine.

[1]

(iii) The blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney.

[1]

(c) Outline how the kidneys remove only waste materials from the blood.

[3]

5


For

Examiner's

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(d) Excess amino acids cannot be stored in the body and have to be broken down. (i) Where are excess amino acids broken down?

[1]

(ii) Which waste chemical is formed from the breakdown of excess amino acids?

[1]

[Total: 9]

4

© UCLES 2009 0610/31/M/J/09

For

Examiner's

Use

Fig. 2.2 shows some liver cells as seen with a light microscope.

P Q

C ................................

B ................................A ................................

Fig. 2.2 (b) (i) Label, on Fig. 2.2, the structures A, B and C.

[3] (ii) The distance P-Q is 0.06 mm. Calculate the magnification of Fig. 2.2. Show your working.

Magnification = x [2]

5


For

Examiner's

Use

Liver cells absorb glucose and amino acids from the blood and help to regulate the concentrations of these substances in the blood.

(c) Explain how liver cells help to regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood in

response to hormones from the pancreas in each of the following situations. Blood glucose concentration is higher than normal.

Blood glucose concentration is lower than normal.

[5]

(d) Describe what happens to amino acids inside liver cells.

[3]

[Total: 15]

9


21 Which organ produces urea?

A bladder

B kidney

C liver

D pancreas 22 What happens when the body temperature rises above normal?

blood vessels in the

surface of skin sweat production

A constrict decreases

B constrict increases

C dilate decreases

D dilate increases

23 The diagram shows some of the muscles and bones of the human arm.

muscle Y

muscle X

elbow joint

When muscle X contracts, what happens to the arm and what happens to muscle Y?

arm muscle Y

A bends contracts

B bends relaxes

C straightens contracts

D straightens relaxes

14

© UCLES 2010 0610/22/M/J/10

For

Examiner's

Use

7 (a) (i) Name the term that is used to describe the maintenance of a constant internal environment.

[1]

(ii) State two advantages to a mammal of maintaining a constant body temperature.

1.

2.

[2]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows changes in a person’s body temperature before, during and after a

period of exercise.

exercisebegins ends

time

40

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

body

temperature

/ °C

Fig. 7.1 (i) Using information from Fig. 7.1, state the normal body temperature of this person.

ºC. [1]

(ii) Explain what is meant by the term vasodilation.

[1]

(iii) On Fig. 7.1, label with an X a point when vasodilation is having an effect on the

person’s body temperature. [1]

15


For

Examiner's

Use

(iv) Explain how vasodilation affects body temperature.

[4]

[Total: 10] 8 (a) (i) Name the organ that makes bile.

[1]

(ii) State where bile is stored until it is released into the small intestine.

[1]

(iii) Name the organ that produces lipase and is joined to the small intestine.

[1]

(b) Describe the roles of bile and of lipase in the digestion of fats.

[3]

[Total: 6]

Question 9 is on the next page.

10

© UCLES 2011 0610/31/M/J/11

For

Examiner's

Use

4 A healthy kidney controls the excretion of urea and other waste products of metabolism from the blood.

After kidney failure there are two possible treatments: dialysis or a kidney transplant. Fig. 4.1 shows how blood and dialysis fluid move through a dialysis machine.

bubble

trappump

patient’s

arm

blood

flow dialysis fluid

blood

A

B

Fig. 4.1 (a) Describe the changes that occur to the blood as it flows through the dialysis machine

from A to B.

[2]

11


For

Examiner's

Use

(b) Discuss the advantages of kidney transplants compared with dialysis.

[3]

9


22 The diagram shows the human urinary system.

X

Which substance is not found in the liquid at X in a healthy person?

A glucose

B salt

C toxins

D urea 23 The diagram shows a section through part of the eye.

suspensory ligamentiris

pupil

lens

X

X is a circular muscle.

What effect does it have when it contracts?

A decreases the size of the pupil

B increases the size of the pupil

C pulls on the lens, decreasing its curvature

D reduces the pull on the lens, increasing its curvature

10

© UCLES 2012 0610/11/M/J/12

24 Read the following sentence.

In order to prevent the human body from losing heat, the arterioles supplying the skin become narrow.

Which process does this sentence describe?

A constriction

B shivering

C sweating

D vasodilation 25 What special dietary advice should be given to a pregnant woman?

A Eat less fibre (roughage).

B Eat less protein.

C Eat plenty of fat.

D Eat plenty of iron. 26 A natural method of birth control assumes that sperms live for three days after intercourse,

ovulation occurs between days 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and released ova live for 36 hours.

On which day of the cycle should intercourse not result in pregnancy?

A day 7 B day 10 C day 12 D day 16 27 In addition to a suitable temperature, what else is necessary for seed germination?

A carbon dioxide and sunlight

B mineral ions only

C sunlight only

D water and oxygen 28 Which process is an example of development?

A a cell absorbing water and increasing in size

B a cell dividing by mitosis

C a root tip cell becoming a phloem cell

D a sperm cell fertilising an egg cell

12

0610/1/O/N/02

22 A patient has dye injected into the blood supply to his kidneys. The dye appears in his excretorysystem as shown.

Which part is blocked?

A one kidney

B one ureter

C the bladder

D the urethra

23 In a reflex action, which term describes light, temperature and chemicals?

A effectors

B impulses

C receptors

D stimuli

key

dye

no dye

14

0610/1/O/N/02

26 Which best describes sexual reproduction?

27 The graph shows the average level of sex hormones in the blood of females and males.

What are these hormones?

28 The table shows the conditions provided for four sets of seeds. All the seeds are well-watered.

Which of the seeds germinate?

malefemale

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

levels of sexhormones inthe blood

age / years

number of parents offspring

A one genetically different from parent

B one genetically identical to parent

C two genetically different from parents

D two genetically identical to parents

female male

A adrenaline oestrogen

B insulin adrenaline

C oestrogen testosterone

D testosterone insulin

suitable carbonoxygen

temperature dioxide

A ✔ ✔ ✘

B ✘ ✔ ✘

C ✘ ✘ ✔

D ✔ ✘ ✔

key

✔ = condition present

✘ = condition absent

9

0610/1/O/N/03 [Turn over

20 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the respiration of yeast.

Which gas is evolved and which new compound is present?

21 The diagram shows some organs in the human body.

In which part are amino acids broken down to urea?

D

C

A

B

balloon

gas evolved

yeast, sugarand new compound

yeast in sugarsolution

after 24 hoursat the beginning

gas evolved new compound

A carbon dioxide ethanol

B carbon dioxide lactic acid

C oxygen ethanol

D oxygen lactic acid

7

© UCLES 2004 0610/01/O/N/04 [Turn over

15 What is lacking in the diet of someone with anaemia (haemoglobin deficiency)?

A calcium

B iron

C vitamin C

D vitamin D

16 By which process is undigested waste material removed from the body?

A absorption

B assimilation

C egestion

D ingestion

17 The diagram shows the directions of blood flow through a heart.

Which chamber of the heart receives blood directly from the lungs?

C

BA

D

18 Which of the following describes a vein?

valves

present

thick muscle

tissue in wall

A � �

B � �

C � �

D � �

8

© UCLES 2004 0610/01/O/N/04

19 Anaerobic respiration in muscles can be summarised by the following equation.

glucose → X + energy

What is X?

A ethanol

B hydrogen

C lactic acid

D water

20 Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer?

A carbon dioxide

B carbon monoxide

C nicotine

D tar

21 How do sweat glands and blood vessels near the skin surface respond when body temperature

rises above normal?

sweat glands

blood vessels

near the skin surface

A decreased activity constriction

B decreased activity dilation

C increased activity constriction

D increased activity dilation

22 A person has a high-protein diet.

What describes the level of urea in the blood leaving the liver and in the urine leaving the kidneys?

blood leaving liver urine leaving kidneys

A high urea high urea

B high urea low urea

C low urea high urea

D low urea low urea

10

© UCLES 2005 0610/01/O/N/05

22 One body process is defined as the removal of toxic materials, the removal of waste products of metabolism and removal of substances in excess.

Of which process is this a definition?

A excretion

B nutrition

C reproduction

D respiration 23 What happens when the body temperature rises above normal?

blood vessels in the

surface of skin sweat production

A dilate decreases

B constrict increases

C constrict decreases

D dilate increases

24 The table shows the composition of the urine of four people.

Which person is most likely to have been eating a lot of protein on a hot, dry, day?

person urea content

of urine water content

of urine

A high high

B high low

C low high

D low low

25 What shows the order in which these structures are involved in a reflex action?

start finish

A effector → motor neurone → relay neurone → sensory neurone → receptor

B effector → sensory neurone → motor neurone → relay neurone→ receptor

C receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → effector

D receptor → motor neurone → sensory neurone → relay neurone→ effector

9


For

Examiner's

Use

5 If the glucose in the blood rises above its normal concentration, insulin is secreted to bring the concentration back to normal.

(a) (i) Suggest one explanation for a rise in the concentration of glucose in the blood.

[1]

(ii) Name the organ that secretes insulin.

[1]

(iii) Describe the role of the liver in bringing the concentration of glucose in the blood

back to normal.

[2]

(iv) State the term that describes how a substance, such as glucose, in the body is

maintained at a constant level.

[1]

(b) Diabetics are unable to control their blood glucose levels naturally. Human insulin can now be made using bacteria that have been genetically engineered. (i) Insulin is a protein. Suggest why insulin has to be injected rather than taken by

mouth.

[2]

(ii) Explain how bacteria can be genetically engineered and used to make human

insulin.

[4]

[Total: 11]

10

© UCLES 2006 0610/01/O/N/06

21 What describes the excretion of urea?

removal of undigested

food

removal of metabolic

wastes

removal of substances in excess

removal of toxic products

A � � � � key

B � � � � � true

C � � � � � not true

D � � � �

22 The average percentage of water in human urine is 96 %. This percentage changes when

conditions change.

Which set of conditions will make the percentage of water in the urine decrease most?

conditions

temperature of the surroundings

amount of activity volume of water

drunk

A low low high

B low high low

C high low high

D high high low

10

© UCLES 2007 0610/01/O/N/07

22 Blood is filtered in the kidneys. After this filtration, some substances are reabsorbed into the blood and other substances pass out of the body in the urine.

Which line shows the correct movement of substances in a healthy person?

substances reabsorbed into the

blood substances passed out of the

body in the urine

A glucose, some salts, urea glucose, some salts, some water

B glucose, some salts, some water some salts, some water, urea

C some salts, some water, urea glucose, some water, urea

D some salts, some water, urea glucose, some salts, some water

23 Four urine samples were collected on different days from a person whose exercise and water

intake was the same each day.

Which sample was collected on a cold day?

volume of urine produced / dm3

volume of sweat produced / dm3

A 1.5 0.8

B 0.8 0.8

C 0.8 1.5

D 0.4 0.8

6

© UCLES 2007 0610/03/O/N/07

For

Examiner's

Use

3 (a) Define the term excretion.

[3]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a section through a kidney.

Fig. 3.1 (i) Using label lines and the letters given, label the following on Fig. 3.1.

F where filtration occurs,

R the renal artery,

U where urine passes to the bladder. [3]

First variant Question Paper

7


For

Examiner's

Use

(ii) Describe the process of filtration in the kidney.

[3]

(iii) Name the processes resulting in the reabsorption of

1. glucose,

2. water. [3]

[Total: 12]

First variant Question Paper

10

© UCLES 2008 0610/01/O/N/08

21 An athlete runs a race. The graph shows how the concentration of lactic acid in his leg muscles changes.

8

6

4

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

time from start of race / min

00

lactic acid

concentration

(arbitary units)

For how long did the athlete run?

A 2 minutes

B 4 minutes

C 6 minutes

D 10 minutes 22 The diagram shows the human excretory system and its main associated blood vessels.

Which labelled structure contains urine?

A

B

C

D

11


23 The table shows the amount of water and salt lost from the kidneys and skin on a hot day and on a cold day. Food and drink intake are the same on both days.

water lost from kidneys / dm3

water lost from skin / dm3

salt lost from kidney / g

salt lost from skin / g

cold day 1.8 0.0 20.2 0.0

hot day 0.4 2.3 14.4 5.8

What do these results show?

A Less water is lost from the kidneys on a cold day than on a hot day.

B More salt is lost from the kidneys on a hot day than on a cold day.

C The total amount of salt lost each day is the same.

D Water is not lost from the kidneys on hot days. 24 The diagram shows bones and muscles in the human arm.

1

2

34

Which row correctly identifies the biceps, triceps and ulna?

biceps triceps ulna

A 1 2 4

B 1 2 3

C 2 1 4

D 2 1 3

10

© UCLES 2009 0610/11/O/N/09

21 In which organ is alcohol broken down?

A brain

B kidney

C liver

D stomach 22 Blood passes through the kidney and some substances leave the blood as filtered liquid. From

this liquid certain substances are reabsorbed back into the blood.

The table shows the percentage of four substances in the blood plasma, the filtered liquid and urine.

percentage of substance

substance in the blood plasma

in the filtered liquid

in the urine

glucose 0.10 0.10 0.00

protein 9.00 0.00 0.00

urea 0.03 0.03 2.00

water 90.0 99.0 97.0

Which substances are reabsorbed from the filtered liquid?

A glucose and water

B protein and glucose

C urea and protein

D water and urea 23 After a meal, the concentration of blood glucose increases.

What then causes the concentration of blood glucose to return to normal?

A adrenalin

B blood cells

C insulin

D platelets

7


15 The table shows vitamin and mineral salt content of four foods.

food vitamin C vitamin D calcium iron

1 low high low low

2 low low low high

3 low low high low

4 high low low low

Which foods would stop a person from suffering from anaemia (lack of haemoglobin) and scurvy (bleeding gums)?

anaemia scurvy

A 1 2

B 1 3

C 2 4

D 3 4

16 Which substance is lost from the body by the kidneys, lungs and skin?

A carbon dioxide

B excess ions

C urea

D water 17 How often must a blood cell in the renal artery pass through the heart before it again reaches the

renal artery?

A once

B twice

C three times

D four times

9


21 Yeast, warm water and substance Z were put into a test-tube. The apparatus was then set up as shown. After a while, the lime water began to go cloudy.

lime wateryeast, warm water

and substance Z

What is substance Z?

A alcohol

B carbon dioxide

C glucose

D oxygen 22 Where do the breakdown of drugs and the storage of urine occur?

breakdown of

drugs storage of urine

A kidney muscles

B liver bladder

C liver kidney

D muscles liver

4

© UCLES 2010 0610/31/O/N/10

For

Examiner's

Use

2 The human menstrual cycle is controlled by four hormones. Fig. 2.1 is a diagram that shows the site of production and the target organs of these hormones.

pituitary

gland

Z

uterus

hormone X

hormone Y

LH

progesterone

days 1 to 14 of the menstrual cycle days 15 to 28 of the menstrual cycle

secreted at day

12-13

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Name hormones X and Y.

X

Y [2]

(ii) Name organ Z.

[1]

6

© UCLES 2010 0610/32/O/N/10

For

Examiner's

Use

2 (a) Define the term excretion.

[3]

Fig. 2.1 shows a dialysis machine for treating people who have kidney failure. The dialysate (dialysis fluid) is a solution of glucose and salts.

blood out blood in

dialysate

out

blood

vessels

dialysate

in

dialysis membrane

Fig. 2.1

(b) Explain how, when the patient is receiving dialysis treatment (i) the loss of plasma proteins and red blood cells is prevented,

[1]

7


For

Examiner's

Use

(ii) the normal glucose concentration of the blood is maintained.

[2]

8

© UCLES 2010 0610/32/O/N/10

For

Examiner's

Use

(c) A person with kidney failure received regular dialysis treatment for 17 days. Fig. 2.2 shows how the concentration of urea in the blood changed over the 17 days.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

250

200

150

100

50

0

concentration

of urea in the

blood /

mg per dm3

time / days

Fig. 2.2 (i) State how many times the person received dialysis treatment.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the decrease in the concentration of urea in the blood from the beginning of dialysis until the end of the treatment.

[1]

9


For

Examiner's

Use

(iii) Describe the changes that occur in the urea concentration in the blood over the period shown in Fig. 2.2. You will gain credit for using the data in Fig. 2.2 in your answer.

[3]

(iv) Explain the changes in urea concentration in the blood as shown in Fig. 2.2.

[4]

[Total: 15]

12

© UCLES 2010 0610/32/O/N/10

For

Examiner's

Use

(d) During strenuous exercise, the hormone adrenaline causes changes in the pulse rate and in the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Explain the importance of these changes during strenuous exercise.

pulse rate

concentration of glucose in the blood

[5]

[Total: 15]

8

© UCLES 2011 0610/11/O/N/11

20 Which group contains substances that are all carried in the blood?

A amino acids, carbon dioxide and cellulose

B glucose, glycogen and lactic acid

C oestrogen, oxygen and starch

D salts, testosterone and urea

21 Which process does not release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A decomposition of animals

B photosynthesis of plants

C respiration of animals

D respiration of plants 22 Which materials are excreted by kidneys and lungs?

kidneys lungs

A carbon dioxide carbon dioxide

B carbon dioxide urea

C urea carbon dioxide

D urea urea

23 The graph shows the variation in a person’s body temperature over a period of time.

Which temperature change is likely to cause most sweating?

time

increase in body

temperature

normal body

temperature

decrease in body

temperature A

B

C

D

8

© UCLES 2011 0610/21/O/N/11

For

Examiner's

Use

(c) Fig. 2.1 shows the results of an investigation of the heart rates of some students before and immediately after running.

Each student ran the same distance.

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

heart

rate /

beats

per

minute

female 1 female 2 female 3 male 1 male 2 male 3

students

before running

immediately after

running

Fig. 2.1

9


For

Examiner's

Use

(i) State which student has the lowest heart rate immediately after running.

[1]

(ii) State which student has the largest change in heart rate from before to

immediately after running.

[1]

(iii) Describe any trends that you can see in the results.

[2]

(d) Explain why heart rate changes when you run.

[4]

[Total: 12]

5


For

Examiner's

Use

(c) Fig. 2.2 shows the results of an investigation into the breathing rates of some students before and immediately after running.

0

10

20

30

breathing

rate /

breaths

per

minute

female 1 female 2 female 3 male 1 male 2 male 3

students

before running

immediately after

running

Fig. 2.2 (i) State which student has the highest breathing rate before running.

[1]

(ii) State which student has the smallest change in breathing rate from before to

immediately after running.

[1]

(iii) Describe any patterns shown by the results.

[2]

6

© UCLES 2011 0610/22/O/N/11

For

Examiner's

Use

(d) Explain why breathing rate changes during exercise.

[4]

[Total: 13]

10

© UCLES 2011 0610/22/O/N/11

For

Examiner's

Use

5 (a) One function of the blood is to transport substances around the body. Complete Table 5.1 to show where some substances may enter and leave the blood.

Table 5.1

substance enters the blood leaves the blood

oxygen

………………………….

muscle cells

insulin pancreas

………………………….

urea liver

………………………….

[3] (b) Another function of the blood is to form a clot if the skin is cut. State two advantages to the body of the blood clotting at a cut in the skin.

1

2

[2]

[Total: 5]

7


16 What could increase the rate of water uptake by a shoot?

A covering the shoot with a black plastic bag

B covering the shoot with a clear plastic bag

C removing the leaves from the shoot

D shining a bright light onto the shoot 17 What shows the sequence of organs through which urea passes as it travels from where it is

produced to where it is removed from the blood?

A kidneys → heart → lungs → heart → liver

B kidneys → heart → liver → lungs → heart

C liver → heart → lungs → heart → kidneys

D liver → lungs → heart → kidneys → heart 18 The diagram shows how water is lost from a leaf.

water vapour

By which process is the water lost?

A osmosis

B photosynthesis

C translocation

D transpiration

9


22 A healthy person eats a very high-protein diet.

What effect will this have on their urine?

A It will contain amino acids.

B It will contain glucose.

C It will contain more urea.

D It will contain more water. 23 The diagram represents some human organs and their blood vessels.

liver

gut

kidney

P

R

Q

Immediately after taking an alcoholic drink, how would the levels of alcohol compare in blood vessels P, Q and R?

P Q R

A high medium high

B medium high low

C low low medium

D high low low

10

© UCLES 2012 0610/11/O/N/12

24 The graph shows the rates of sweat production and urine production at different environmental temperatures.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

150

100

50

0

rate of

production

/ cm3 per hour

environmental

temperature / °C

sweat

urine

Which statement is correct?

A As the temperature increases, the rate of sweat production decreases.

B At 22 °C the rates of sweat and urine production are the same.

C Urine and sweat production are directly proportional to environmental temperature.

D When the urine production decreases, the sweat production decreases. 25 A man injures his arm in an accident. Afterwards, he can feel objects touching his hand, but he

cannot move his hand away from them.

What could cause this?

A Receptors in his hand are damaged.

B The nerve connection is cut only between the receptors in his hand and his central nervous system.

C The nerve connection is cut only between his central nervous system and the effectors in his arm.

D Both of these nerve connections are cut. 26 During a long race, an athlete’s skin temperature rises.

What causes this?

A increased sweating

B opening of the pores in the skin

C vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin

D vasodilation of the blood vessels in the skin

6

© UCLES 2012 0610/32/O/N/12

For

Examiner's

Use

2 The glucose concentration of the blood is maintained within the range 80 – 90 mg per

100 cm3 blood. Fig. 2.1 is a flow chart showing how the body responds to changes in the glucose

concentration of the blood after the absorption of a carbohydrate-rich meal and during strenuous exercise.

change in blood glucose

concentration detected by organ A

blood glucose concentration

increases above 90 mg per 100 cm3

large carbohydrate-rich meal

followed by absorption of

glucose from small intestine


decreases below 80 mg per 100 cm3

organ A releases hormone B

into the blood

organ A releases hormone C

into the blood


decreases


increases

hormone B stimulates

organ D to convert glucose

to glycogen

hormone C stimulates

organ D to convert

glycogen to glucose

muscle contraction during

strenuous exercise


returns to 80 – 90 mg per 100 cm3

Fig. 2.1

7


For

Examiner's

Use

(a) Name organ A and hormones B and C.

A

B

C [3]

(b) (i) Name organ D that stores glucose as glycogen.

[1]

(ii) Suggest why glucose is converted to glycogen rather than kept as glucose inside

the cells.

[2]

(c) Name the type of control system used in homeostasis that returns the blood glucose

concentration to 80 – 90 mg per 100 cm3.

[1]

(d) Animal hormones are used in the production of milk and meat. Bovine somatotrophin

(BST) is used to increase milk production by cows. The hormone is produced by genetically modified bacteria that contain the cattle gene for making BST. It is used in the United States but is banned for use in the European Union.

(i) Outline how genes, such as the one for BST, are transferred from the cells of cattle

(cows) to bacteria.

[3]

8

© UCLES 2012 0610/32/O/N/12

For

Examiner's

Use

(ii) Suggest advantages and disadvantages of using hormones, such as BST, in the production of milk and meat.

advantages

disadvantages

[3]

[Total: 13] 3 (a) Explain the meaning of the term transpiration.

[2]

(b) Root hair cells provide a large surface area for the absorption of water from the soil. Explain, using the term water potential, how water is absorbed from the soil into root

hair cells.

[3]

combined past paper questions on excretion and homeostasis

Documents

kidney machine

incomplete diagram

circulatory system

female urinary system

renal artery

following parts

bodys homeostatic mechanism

18forexaminersuse8 ucles