Upload File

combinations of atoms chapter 8.2. compounds 1.compounds a.elements are rarely found pure in the...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound
22
Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2

Upload: merry-ward

Post on 24-Dec-2015

215 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Combinations of Atoms

Chapter 8.2

Page 2: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Compounds

1.Compoundsa.Elements are rarely found pure in the

earth, they are generally found as compounds.

b.A compound is a substance that results when the atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined.

Page 3: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Compounds

i.The result is a new substance with properties different from those of elements that compose it.

ii.Example: Water is a compound formed from the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.

Page 4: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Compounds

a.A molecule is the smallest complete unit of a compound. Water is formed from two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule. H-O-H

b.Diatomic molecules are molecules that exist naturally as two atoms.

Page 5: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Compounds

i. Hydrogen atoms always exist naturally as a diatomic molecule.

ii.The oxygen atoms you breath

are O2 atoms.

Page 6: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Energy Levels

1.Energy Levelsa.Energy levels are the arrangement of

electrons within the electron cloud of an atom; they are also the specific energies an atom can have.i.Atoms have a specific number of energy

levels to contain the amount of electrons they have.

Page 7: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound
Page 8: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Energy Levels

a.The electrons in an atom travel on the energy levels in a set of “paths” called orbitals. i.An orbital is the region of space in the energy level where an electron is likely to be found.

Page 9: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound
Page 10: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Energy Levels

The following table describes the energy levels, orbitals, and # of electrons.Energy Level Operation Orbital Operation # of Electrons

1 X Self 1 X 2 2

2 X Self 4 X 2 8

3 X Self 9 X 2 18

4 X Self 16 X 2 32

Page 11: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Energy Levels

a.When electrons are in their highest energy levels the atom is said to be in an excited state.

b.When electrons are in their lowest energy levels the atom is said to be in a ground state.

Page 12: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Energy Levels

a.Atoms with filled energy levels are stable and do not react. This group of elements is the “Noble Gases”.i.Elements that are near the edges of the

period table are the most reactive, because they are closest to having a complete set of electrons.

ii.Elements nearest the bottom are also more reactive because they have more energy levels.

Page 13: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Chemical Bonds

1.Chemical Bondsa.A chemical bond is produced by the

interaction of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost energy) and is the force that holds atoms together.

b.Atoms can form chemical bonds by either sharing electrons or transferring electrons from one atom to another.

Page 14: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Ionic Bonds

a.An ionic bond is a bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. i.When an ionic bond is formed, both atoms

become either positively or negatively charged and are called ions.

ii.An ion is an atom or group of atoms that carry a charge.

Page 15: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Ionic Bonds

i.When an atom gives away electrons the atom becomes positively charged and is called a cation.

ii.When an atom gains electrons the atom becomes negatively charged and is called an anion.

Page 16: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound
Page 17: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Covalent Bonds

1.Covalent Bondsa.A covalent bond is a bond between atoms

that share electrons.b.When electrons are shared in a diatomic

molecule the nuclei of each atom pull on the electrons with the same force and create a neutral molecule.

Page 18: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Covalent Bonds

a.When electrons are shared in a molecule of different elements the electrons are shared unequally.i.For example, in a water molecule the two

oxygen molecules pull on the electrons greater than the one hydrogen molecule which gives the molecule a slightly positive charge at its hydrogen end and a slightly negative charge at its oxygen end.

Page 19: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound
Page 20: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Chemical Formulas

1.Chemical Formulasa.A chemical formula is symbols indicating the

elements a compound contains and the relative number of each element.

i. In a compound the number of elements in the same compounds are always found in the same proportion.

ii.For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O,

which represents two hydrogen atoms and one

oxygen atom for every H2O molecule.

Page 21: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Mixtures

1.Mixturesa.A mixture is material that contains

two or more substances that are not chemically combined. i.The substances in a mixture keep their

individual properties, and can be separated by a physical means.

Page 22: Combinations of Atoms Chapter 8.2. Compounds 1.Compounds a.Elements are rarely found pure in the earth, they are generally found as compounds. b.A compound

Solutions

a.A solution is a mixture in which one substance is uniformly dispersed in another substance. i.An example of a solution is Kool-Aide. The

sugar is completely dissolved in the water.ii.Not all solutions are liquids. Gases and solids

can also form solutions. iii.An alloy is a solution of two or more metals,

such as brass (Cu & Zn) and bronze (Cu & Sn).


Organic Halogen Compounds - chemweb.calpoly.eduHalogen Compounds CHAPTER SUMMARY 8.1 Introduction Although organic halogen compounds are rarely found in nature, they do have a variety

Water Quality Monitoring in Central · PDF fileWater Quality Monitoring . ... Chrysophyta, Class Chrysophyceae ... –Compounds rarely detected in tap (low ppt) • Caffeine

Unit 5 Chemical Compounds. Compounds Most elements are not found separately but combined in a compound with something else The reason for this is the

Organic Chemistry Molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen are called organic compounds. Oxygen and Nitrogen are common atoms found in organic compounds

1.5 – Biological Chemistry. Organic compounds – compounds containing C atoms bound to other elements Main atoms found in the body: C, H, O, N Functional

All organic compounds contain what element? Carbon What are the two other elements most commonly found in organic compounds? Hydrogen and Oxygen Nitrogen

CHROMIUM (VI) COMPOUNDS - International Agency for ...monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100C/mono100C-9.pdf · Rarely occurring naturally, most chromium ... (products or by-products)

+ Organic Chemistry Carbon containing compounds. + Organic Chemistry Study of carbon containing compounds Organic compounds can be found in foods (proteins,

End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Macromolecules Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:

MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCED WATER ON … · 2.5.1 Fate of aromatic compounds found in produced water.....18 2.5.2 Dispersion of aromatic compounds in the marine environment

Macromolecules 3.2. 3.2.1 Organic VS Inorganic Organic compounds contain carbon and found in living things Organic compounds contain carbon and found

Review Monitoring Human Occupational and Environmental ...€¦ · Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are classes of compounds found in crude oils, mineral oils, bitu-mens and tars

Student slides 2 - Mystr Nakashimamystrnakashima.weebly.com/.../6/3/1/9/6319435/student_slides_ch_… · 2—3 Carbon Compounds Macromolecules Four groups of organic compounds found

Active non-nutrients are chemical compounds found in certain ... · Web viewActive non-nutrients are chemical compounds found in certain foods that are nonessential to the body’s

SMALL GARDENSnewhollandpublishers.com/small_gardens_sample.pdf · Designing an outdoor living space is a highly personal aair and ... intensity, intimacy and immediacy rarely found

The Ultimate CBD User Guide - Northern Ice...Cannabis plants contain 60+, naturally occurring, active compounds called cannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of these compounds found

Wikipedia says BTEX compounds "are some of the volatile organic compounds found in petroleum derivatives, including gasoline. Toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene have harmful effects

CARBON COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of Life. OBJECTIVES Define organic compound and name three elements often found in organic compounds. Explain why Carbon

Alkanes Are Rarely Prepared From Other Types of Compounds Because of Economic Reasons

Natural protection against cancer by minor compounds found in · 2016-12-19 · 16M Natural protection against cancer by minor compounds found in virgin olive oil ABSTRACT Virgin

Notes 8-4 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain the element carbon (C) Organic compounds are found in all living things Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

Macromolecules. Organic Compounds Organic compounds contain the element carbon Other elements often found in organic compounds include: hydrogen, oxygen,

CHAPTER 20 CHEMICAL BONDING. Stability in Bonding Most matter is found in compounds {ie air, water, salt} Compounds have properties unlike those of their

Organic Chemistry Chapter 9. Carbon or Organic Chemistry The study of elements and compounds found in living things “carbon compounds” – carbon (element

Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluenexenobiotic compounds, which exhibit structural elements or substituents that are rarely found in natural products. The chemical properties

Organic Compounds. Four Groups of Organic Compounds A. The four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins

Covalent bond Water molecule. Covalent bonds Covalent bonds are found in covalent compounds, ie compounds that are formed by sharing electrons. There

DEP Artificial Turf Study...hardness, pH, volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds (including rubber Tentatively Identified Compounds found by The Connecticut Agricultural

Esters The smelly compounds. What are Esters? A group of compounds that are responsible for some natural and synthetic flavours They are often found

What Are Essential Oils? Natural aromatic compounds found in various parts of plants Provide plants with protection Made up of volatile organic compounds

Name Date CC332 001-004 L1 SN 889435.indd Page 107 …...Compounds, Chemical Formulas, and Covalent Bonds From Elements to Compounds I found this on page . I found this on page . I

Natural compounds with important medical …...Natural compounds with important medical potential found in Helleborus sp. poisoning include a multitude of cardiac dysrhythmias [25]

Alcohols, phenols and ethers Chapter 14. Bonding for oxygen atoms in organic compounds Oxygen is commonly found in two forms in organic compounds: Oxygen

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE THE COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON THEY CAN BE FOUND IN PRODUCTS MADE FROM LIVING THINGS OR THINGS THAT ARE ARTIFICIALLY

mrlewis-vcebiology.weebly.commrlewis-vcebiology.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/6/8/30683829/... · Web viewOrganic compounds are compounds containing carbon that are found in living things