COMBATING COMBATING TERRORISMTERRORISM

Presented by: Bharat JhalaniPresented by: Bharat Jhalani

July 2008July 2008

ContentsContents

Introduction to TerrorismIntroduction to Terrorism CausesCauses Counter-terrorism techniquesCounter-terrorism techniques

IntroductionIntroduction

The calculated use of unlawful The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally pursuit of goals that are generally political, religiouspolitical, religious, or , or economicaleconomical..

Political TerrorismPolitical Terrorism

Violent criminal behavior designed Violent criminal behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes. of it, for political purposes.

This is seen essentially in Assam and This is seen essentially in Assam and Tripura and now in MaharashtraTripura and now in Maharashtra

To fulfill the demand of economic To fulfill the demand of economic benefits for the sons and daughters benefits for the sons and daughters of the soil. of the soil.

Religious TerrorismReligious Terrorism Indiscriminate acts of violence against Indiscriminate acts of violence against

anyone who does not share their religious anyone who does not share their religious faith.faith.

by those whose motivations are rooted in by those whose motivations are rooted in their interpretations of their religion. their interpretations of their religion.

To show exclusivity of the religion.To show exclusivity of the religion. To attain saint-status in their religion.To attain saint-status in their religion. Eg: Al-QaedaEg: Al-Qaeda

Economical TerrorismEconomical Terrorism

Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Bihar are prime examples. and Bihar are prime examples.

The economic factors include the absence The economic factors include the absence of land reforms, rural unemployment, of land reforms, rural unemployment, exploitation of landless labourers by land exploitation of landless labourers by land owners, etc. owners, etc.

These economic grievances and These economic grievances and perceptions of gross social injustice perceptions of gross social injustice have given rise to ideological terrorist have given rise to ideological terrorist groups such as the various Marxist/Maoist groups such as the various Marxist/Maoist groups operating under different names.groups operating under different names.

Counter-Terrorism set-upCounter-Terrorism set-up

The state police and its intelligence set-upThe state police and its intelligence set-up The national intelligence communityThe national intelligence community Physical security agenciesPhysical security agencies Paramilitary forcesParamilitary forces The ArmyThe Army

Global helpGlobal help

Intelligence-sharing with other Intelligence-sharing with other countriescountries

Regional cooperation in South Regional cooperation in South AsiaAsia

Counter-terrorism techniquesCounter-terrorism techniques

The importance of The importance of a good grievances a good grievances detection, monitoring and redressal detection, monitoring and redressal machinerymachinery so that the build-up of so that the build-up of grievances in any community is grievances in any community is detected in time and the political detected in time and the political leadership alerted and advised to leadership alerted and advised to take prompt action to redress them take prompt action to redress them

Contd.Contd.

The importance of The importance of good, preventive good, preventive human intelligence human intelligence

The importance of The importance of timely technical timely technical intelligenceintelligence, which is generally more , which is generally more precise than human intelligence.precise than human intelligence.

Contd.Contd.

The importance of The importance of objective and objective and balanced analysisbalanced analysis to avoid over- to avoid over-assessing the strength and assessing the strength and capabilities of the terrorists.capabilities of the terrorists.

Contd.Contd.

The importance of The importance of reverse analysisreverse analysis so that so that one is trained to analyse possible one is trained to analyse possible scenarios not only as a good intelligence scenarios not only as a good intelligence analyst, but also as an irrational terrorist.analyst, but also as an irrational terrorist.

The importance of The importance of prompt and co-prompt and co-ordinated follow-up actionordinated follow-up action on well- on well-assessed intelligence from all agencies, assessed intelligence from all agencies, without allowing inter-agency jealousies without allowing inter-agency jealousies and rivalries to come in the way.and rivalries to come in the way.

Contd.Contd.

The importance of an effective crisis The importance of an effective crisis management apparatus.management apparatus.

The importance of not over-projecting the The importance of not over-projecting the personality and capabilities of terrorist personality and capabilities of terrorist leaders leaders

The importance of highlighting the positive The importance of highlighting the positive aspects of the affected community or aspects of the affected community or religion to prevent the build-up of a religion to prevent the build-up of a negative image of the community or negative image of the community or religion in the eyes of the public. religion in the eyes of the public.

Contd.Contd.

The importance of well-designed The importance of well-designed psychological war operations to psychological war operations to project the terrorists for what they project the terrorists for what they are -- irrational killers. are -- irrational killers.

The importance of observing human The importance of observing human rights during counter-terrorism rights during counter-terrorism operations.operations.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU