com120 05 verbal_13ed
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Verbal Messages Verbal Messages Chapter 5
Principles of Verbal MessagesGuidelines for using Verbal
Messages Effectively
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged
◦Verbal & Nonverbal together
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people
◦Language is a symbol system. ◦Symbols are interpreted differently
by different people.◦Words we use are not the reality, but
they are used to express and shape reality.
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people3. Messages are denotative &
connotative◦Denotation: Objective definition◦Connotation: Subjective, emotional
meanings. Feelings and associations.
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people3. Messages are denotative &
connotative4. Messages vary in abstraction
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people3. Messages are denotative &
connotative4. Messages vary in abstraction5. Messages vary in politeness
5. Messages vary in 5. Messages vary in PolitenessPolitenessDirect vs IndirectAdvantages of Indirect MessagesDisadvantages of Indirect
Messages
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people3. Messages are denotative &
connotative4. Messages vary in abstraction5. Messages vary in politeness6. Message meanings can deceive
6. Message meanings can 6. Message meanings can deceivedeceiveDefinition of lyingTypes of liesHow people lieThe behavior of liars
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people3. Messages are denotative &
connotative4. Messages vary in abstraction5. Messages vary in politeness6. Message Meanings can deceive7. Messages can criticize and
praise
7. Messages can Criticize 7. Messages can Criticize and Praiseand PraiseWhen does a person need praise?
Or criticism?Guidelines for expressing
negative information:◦ Focus on the event and behavior, not person◦ Try to state in positive terms◦ Own your thoughts and feelings; “I-
messages”◦ Avoid ordering or directing◦ Choose appropriate context
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people3. Messages are denotative &
connotative4. Messages vary in abstraction5. Messages vary in politeness6. Message Meanings can deceive7. Messages can criticize and praise8. Messages vary in assertiveness
8. Messages vary in 8. Messages vary in AssertivenessAssertivenessNonassertiveness: Fail to assert
your rights. Aggressiveness: Care little about
the rights of others.Assertiveness: You act in your
best interest without denying the rights of others.
Communicate AssertivelyCommunicate Assertively? What are some guidelines?
Principles of Verbal Principles of Verbal MessagesMessages1. Messages are packaged2. Message meanings are in people3. Messages are denotative &
connotative4. Messages vary in abstraction5. Messages vary in politeness6. Message Meanings can deceive7. Messages can criticize and praise8. Messages vary in assertiveness9. Messages can confirm and
disconfirm
9. Messages can confirm and 9. Messages can confirm and disconfirmdisconfirm
DisconfirmationRejectionConfirmation
DisconfirmationDisconfirmationWhat are some ways we show
disconfirmation in our conversation?
Why is racist, sexist, heterosexist, or ageist language disconfirming?
Part 2: Make verbal Part 2: Make verbal messages more effectivemessages more effectiveExtensionalize
◦Intensional orientation◦Extensional orientation
Avoid allnessAvoid Fact-Inference confusion
◦Facts◦Inferences
Make verbal messages more Make verbal messages more effectiveeffectiveDiscriminate among
◦IndiscriminationTalk about the middle
◦PolarizationUpdate messages
◦Static evaluation