com 110 ch 9 groups
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Communicating in Groups Chapter 9
LO1 • Effective work group
LO2 • Stages of group development
LO3 • Different types of groups (work groups)
LO4 • Evaluate a group’s performance
LO1 • Effective work group
LO2 • Stages of group development
LO3 • Different types of groups (work groups)
LO4 • Evaluate a group’s performance
How do we maximize group
effectiveness?
Define “Group”
3 or more people
Interact and influence
Common purpose
What do you dislike about working in a
group?
Do you think that is “normal”??
Healthy Groups
…have ethical goals.
…are interdependent.
…are cohesive.
…develop and abide by
productive norms.
…are accountable.
…are synergetic.
1. Ethical Goals
Do not require members to behave in
ways that • Are not in their interest
• Could harm them
Groups can create unethical culture
2. Interdependent
All parts are needed
All people are needed to complete
different parts
Goes against our cultural teachings
3. Cohesive
“Attractiveness” of the group
Voluntary membership
Feeling free to share opinions*
Support, encouragement*
◦ Listening skills, feedback, respect
Achieves goals / accomplishment*
4. Productive Norms
Norms: Expectations for behavior
◦ Formal “Ground rules”
◦ Informal
Counter-productive norms?
Productive norms?
5. Accountability
Responsible for adhering to norms
Violating a norm = Sanction
Addressing counterproductive norms
6. Synergy
Group outcome is greater than individual
outcome
LO1 • Effective work group
LO2 • Stages of group development
LO3 • Different types of groups (work groups)
LO4 • Evaluate a group’s performance
Stages of Group Development
Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
Forming:
•Uncertainty
•Orientation – “get to know you”
•Testing
Forming – Tips:
• Positive
• Good attitude
• Appropriate self-disclosure
• Avoid disagreeable comments
• Relax
Storming:
• Begin to make decisions
• Conflict
• Power plays
• Disagreements
• “Too much” – what happens?
Storming:
•“Groupthink”
Storming – Tips:
•Encourage discussion
•Avoid rude language or nonverbals
•Use listening skills
Norming:
• Rules for behavior become more clear
• Increased cohesion
• Collaboration
• Emerging trust
• Motivation to achieve group goal.
Performing:
• Begin to meet goals
• Conversations focus on tasks
• Less energy toward “norms”
• Harmony, productivity, problem-solving
• Shared leadership
Adjourning:
•Goal accomplishment
•Celebration
•Disengagement
LO1 • Effective work group
LO2 • Stages of group development
LO3 • Different types of groups (work groups)
LO4 • Evaluate a group’s performance
Work group:
Group of people formed to solve a
problem or accomplish a task
Goals Size
Members Task-
oriented
Goals
•Clear
•Specific
•Challenging
•Motivating
Size
• Discussion time
• Complexity of issue
• Communication skills of members
• Typically 3-5
Members
• Diverse
• Different knowledge, skills
• Organization – may need representation from different areas
Tasks
• Seek collaboration to resolve conflict
• Update members on status of individual efforts
• Appropriately credit member contributions
LO1 • Effective work group
LO2 • Stages of group development
LO3 • Different types of groups (work groups)
LO4 • Evaluate a group’s performance
Group dynamics
The way a group interacts to achieve its goal.
Effective groups evaluate how their interactions affect their accomplishments, and how members relate to each other.
LO1 • Effective work group
LO2 • Stages of group development
LO3 • Different types of groups (work groups)
LO4 • Evaluate a group’s performance