colors in gambit

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3.4 Using the Global Control Toolpad

The Global Control toolpad (Figure 3-8 and below) allows you to control the layout and operation ofthe graphics window as well as the appearance of the model as displayed in any individual quadrant.

n addition! the Global Control toolpad includes an Undo/Redo button that undoes the most recentlye"ecuted #$%&T operation or re-e"ecutes the most recently undone operation.

The Global Control toolpad contains two types of command buttons'

uadrant ontrol

Global Control toolpad

The quadrant command buttons allow you to specify whether or not any or all of the quadrants areenabled or disabled with respect to changes in their appearance. The control command buttons allowyou to perform the following operations'

hange the overall layout of the graphics window $lter the appearance of the model in any individual quadrant

*ndo or redo #$%&T operations

The following sections describe the operation and use of both types of command buttons.

3.4.1 Quadrant Command Buttons

uadrant command buttons allow you to enable and disable any or all of the graphics-window

quadrants with respect to changes in the model appearance. From left to right on the Global Controltoolpad! the quadrant command buttons correspond to the following quadrants'

*pper left *pper right

+ower left

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Lower right All four quadrants (enable only)

Each quadrant command button toggles its corresponding quadrant between the enabled and disabledstates. Enabled quadrants are displayed in red on their corresponding command buttons. Disabledquadrants are displayed in gray.

To enable a disabled quadrant or disable an enabled quadrant, clic the corresponding quadrant

command button. To enable all quadrants, clic All.

3.4.2 Control Command Buttons

!ontrol command buttons allow you to specify the appearance of the graphics window itself and of

the model as "iewed in any indi"idual quadrant. #n addition, the Undo/Redo control command buttonundoes the most recently e$ecuted %A&'#T operation or ree$ecutes the most recently undone

operation. The Global Control toolpad contains the following control command buttons.

Symbol Command Description

Fit to Window cales the graphics display to fit within the boundariesof the enabled quadrants

Select Pivot pecifies the location of the pi"ot point for modelmo"ement by means of the mouse

Select PresetConfiguration

Arranges the graphics window to reflect one of si$ preset configurations

Modify ig!ts

Annotate

S"ecify abel #y"e

pecifies the direction and magnitude of light on themodel

Allows you to add arrows, lines, and te$t to thegraphics display

pecifies the types of labels displayed by means of theS"ecify $is"lay Attributes form

Undo

Redo

*ndoes the most recently e$ecuted %A&'#Toperation

+edoes the most recently undone %A&'#T operation

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The following sections describe the function and use of the command buttons listed above.

Fit to Window

The Fit to Window command button scales the graphics display to fit in each of the enabledquadrants.

Select Pivot

The Select Pivot command button allows you to change the pivot point around which the model turnswhen you rotate and/or revolve it using the left and right mouse buttons (see "Rotating the Model

%rient Model Applies a preset model orientation to all activequadrants orients the model with respect to a specified

face or vector and stores commands related to thecurrent orientation in a !ournal file

S"ecify $is"layAttributes

Allows you to specify the characteristics of thegraphics display

Render Model pecifies whether the model is displayed in awireframe shaded or hidden perspective

S"ecify Color Mode pecifies whether model colors are based on entitytypes or on connectivity

&'a(ine Mes! Allows you to interactively view an e#isting mesh.

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(Left-drag)" and "Revolve/Zoom the Model (Right-drag)," above).

GAMBI allo! #o$ to %e&if# either of t!o %oint abo$t !hi&h to %ivot the model.

o define a $er-%e&ified %ivot %oint, &li&' the Select Pivot &ommand b$tton to di%la# the $er-%e&ified %oint #mbol, then left-&li&' at the ele&tion %oint in the gra%hi& !indo! to identif# the

ne! %ivot %oint lo&ation. GAMBI lo&ate the %ivot %oint a&&ording to the follo!ing hierar&h# ofr$le

. If the ele&tion %oint intere&t one or more &oordinate #tem, GAMBI lo&ate the %ivot %oint at the &oordinate #tem &loet to the vie!er.

*. If the ele&tion %oint intere&t one or more verti&e, GAMBI lo&ate the %ivot at the verte+&loet to the vie!er.

. If the ele&tion %oint intere&t one or more edge, GAMBI lo&ate the %ivot in referen&e tothe ele&tion %oint and the nearet edge. GAMBI $e either the %oint of intere&tion a thean&hor %oint or the tangent to the edge at that %oint a an a+i of rotation.

. If the ele&tion %oint intere&t one or more fa&e, GAMBI lo&ate the %ivot at the %oint of

intere&tion !ith the &loet fa&e.. If the ele&tion %oint doe not intere&t an# model &om%onent, GAMBI et the &enter of the

vie!ing vol$me a the %ivot %oint.

o retore the %ivot %oint to it defa$lt ($adrant &entroid) lo&ation, &li&' Select Pivot &ommand b$tton to di%la# the $adrant &entroid #mbol.

Select Preset Configuration

he Select Preset Configuration &ommand b$tton allo! #o$ to modif# the overall &onfig$ration ofthe gra%hi& !indo! and the orientation of the model a di%la#ed in the enabled $adrant.

o o%en the men$ of %reet &onfig$ration o%tion, right-&li&' the Select Preset Configuration b$tton.he %reet &onfig$ration o%tion in&l$de the follo!ing &onfig$ration and orientation.

Symbol Pivot Point

0enter of vie!ing vol$me (defa$lt)

1er-%e&ified %oint

Option Description

2i%la# all fo$r $adrant and a%%lie the follo!ing orientation to the &$rrentl#

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Modify Lights

When you click the Modify ig!ts command button, GAMBIT opens the Modify ig!ts form. The

Modify ig!ts form allows you to customize the appearance of model shadin.

Using the Modify Lights Form

The Modify ig!ts form !see below" allows you to specify the direction and brihtness of eihtdifferent liht sources used to determine model shadin. #ach liht source is represented on theModify ig!ts form by one of eiht colors$ white, cyan, maenta, blue, yellow, reen, red, and black.

enabled %uadrants.

&isplays all four %uadrants and applies an isometric 'iew in each currentlyenabled %uadrant.

#(pands the upper left %uadrant to fill the raphics window.

#(pands the upper riht %uadrant to fill the raphics window.

#(pands the lower left %uadrant to fill the raphics window.

#(pands the lower riht %uadrant to fill the raphics window.

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The Modify Lights form consists of the following components:

Status buttons

Orientation globe

Status Buttons

The Modify Lights form contains eight sets of status buttons corresponding to each of the eight light

sources. Each set of status buttons includes the following buttons:

Light command button Ambient and Distant radio buttons

Each Light command button toggles the state of its associated light source between the active ( On)

and inactive (Off ) states. The Ambient and Distant radio buttons constitute mutually exclusiveselectors that allow you to specify whether a specific light source is located close to (Ambient) or

distant from (Distant) the model.

Orientation Globe

The Modify Lights orientation globe consists of a wireframe sphere upon which are located eightcolored circleseach of which is displayed as either solid or hollow. Each circle represents one of theeight light sources. Solid circles represent light sources that are currently specified as On! hollowcircles represent light sources that are currently specified as Off .

To reposition any of the eight light sources relative to the model (center of globe) leftclic" itscorresponding circle on the orientation globe and leftdrag the circle to the new location. To drag thelight source to the side of the globe farthest from the viewer# drag it to the edge of the globe# then

bac" toward the middle. The light source is located on the far side of the globe when it is located onthe dashed portion of a circumferential line.

$OTE: %f you reposition lights that are Ambient or Off # &'%T does not change model shading.

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Annotate

When you click the Annotate command button, GAMBIT opens the Annotate form. The Annotateform allows you to add annotation objects such as arrows, lines, or tet to any indi!idual "raphicswindow #uadrant and to modify or delete such objects.

GAMBIT allows you to perform the followin" operations with respect to annotation objects.

Adding an Annotation Object

GAMBIT allows you to add the followin" types of annotation objects$

Arrow%%a strai"ht line or series of connected line se"ments with a sin"le arrowhead at one end Line %%a strai"ht line or series of connected line se"ments without an arrowhead at either end

Text %%alphanumeric tet that can be placed anywhere in the "raphics window Title %%alphanumeric tet that constitutes a title for the model

When you Add an annotation object to a "raphics window #uadrant, GAMBIT creates the object andfies its position and orientation at an anchor point relati!e to the #uadrant itself. Annotation objectsdo not mo!e when you translate, rotate, or &oom in or out on the model. To specify the anchor point,left%click the "raphics window at the anchor point.

If you resi&e a #uadrant that contains annotation objects, GAMBIT maintains the positions of theobject anchor points relati!e to the ori"inal proportions of the #uadrant. 'owe!er, GAMBIT doesnot alter Text or Title characters when you resi&e a #uadrant, therefore, the characters retain theirori"inal si&e.

Arrow Object

To add an Arrow annotation object, perform the followin" steps$

Operation Description

Add (reates a new object in the "raphics window

Modify Modifies an eistin" object

Delete )eletes an eistin" object

Delete all )eletes all eistin" objects

Step Description

* +elect the Add radio button on the Annotate form.

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6@T1$ To create an arrow consistin" of more than one line se"ment, repeat +tep > for each endpointof each intermediate se"ment. When you Shift %ri"ht%click to Apply the arrow annotation object,GAMBIT creates an arrow defined by the series of line se"ments and possessin" a sin"le arrowheadlocated at the last point selection point.

Line Object

To add a Line annotation object, follow the "eneral directions outlined abo!e with respect to addin"an Arrow object but select the Object:Line in lieu of the Object:Arrow option in +tep <. The Line and

Arrow annotation objects differ only in that the 5ine object does not include an arrowhead.

Text Object

To add a Text annotation object, perform the followin" steps$

Title Object

To add a Title annotation object, perform the followin" steps$

< +elect the Object:Arrow option.

4 +pecify the object Color and Width.

/ Shift %left%click the "raphics window at the point at which the tail of the arrow is to belocated, and release the mouse button.

> Shift %left%click a"ain in the "raphics window, and Shift %left%dra" the mouse pointer tothe point at which the head of the arrow is to be located.

(lick Apply on the Annotate form 8or Shift %ri"ht%click in the "raphics window9.

Step Description


< +elect the Object:Text option.

4 +pecify the object Color and Size, and input the alphanumeric Tet associated with theobject.

/ Shift %left%click in the "raphics window, and dra" the tet to its final location.

> (lick Apply on the Annotate form 8or Shift %ri"ht%click in the "raphics window9.

Step Description


< +elect the Object:Title option.

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Modifying an Annotation Object

To modify an annotation object, perform the following steps:

Deleting an Annotation Object

To delete an annotation object, perform the following steps:

Deleting All Existing Annotation Objects

To delete all existing annotation objects, perform the following steps:

Using the Annotate Form

The Annotate form (see below) allows you to add, modify, or delete annotations to the graphicsdisplay. To open the Annotate form, click the Annotate command button on the !lobal Control

3 pecify the object Color and Size, and input the alphanumeric Tet associated with theobject.

! "lick Apply on the Annotate form (or Shift #right#click in the graphics window).

Step Description

$ elect the Modify radio button on the Annotate form.

% &ick the object to be modified. ('T: To unpick a picked object, Shift #middle#clickon the object.)

3 pecify the modifications by means of the Object and "roperties fields on the Annotateform. ('T: To change the position of an object within its *uadrant, Shift #left#dragor Shift #middle#drag the object to its new location.)

! "lick Apply on the Annotate form (or Shift #right#click in the graphics window).

Step Description

$ elect the Delete radio button on the Annotate form.

% Shift #left#click the object to be deleted.

3 "lick Apply on the Annotate form (or Shift #right#click in the graphics window).

Step Description

$ elect the Delete all radio button on the Annotate form.

% "lick Apply on the Annotate form (or Shift #right#click in the graphics window).

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toolpad.

The Annotate form includes the following options and specifications.

Using the Set Color Form

Operation: -------------------------

Add specifies the addition of an annotation object.

Modify specifies the modification of an existing annotation object.

Delete specifies the deletion of an existing annotation object.

Delete all deletes all existing annotation objects.

Object: (active for Add and Modify options only)

Arrow

LineTextTitle

specifies the type of annotation to be added or modified.

"roperties: -------------------------

Color: specifies the color of the annotation.

When you click the Color bar (located immediately to the right of the Color:heading) !"#$%T opens the Set Color form which allows you to specify the

annotation color. &or instructions concerning the use of the Set Color form see'sing the et *olor &orm' below.

Width: (Arrow and Line options only) specifies the thickness of the Arrow or Lineannotation object.

Tet: (Text and Title annotations only) specifies the wording of the annotation.

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The Set Color form allows you to specify the color of an annotation object. To open the Set Color form (see below), click the Color bar on the Annotate form.

The Set Color form includes the following specifications.

NOTE !ou must click Apply to apply the color specification and close the form.

Specify Label Type

"hen you click the Specify Label Type command button, #$%&'T opens the Specify Label Typeform. The Specify Label Type form allows you to specify the kinds of labels that are displayed whenyou display labels by means of the Specify Display Attributes form (see pecify *isplay $ttributes,

below).

#$%&'T allows you to specify the display of any or all of the following types of labels.

Color name specifies the color by name.

Colors: allows you to select a color from a list of a+ailable colors.

To select a color, leftclick the color in the scroll list. #$%&'T displays thecurrently selected color on a color band located immediately abo+e the Colorsscroll list.

Label Type Description Example

Regular Entity face.3

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To display a label, you must specify the label type, by means of the Specify Label Type form, andactivate labels for the entity (or entities) of interest, by means of the Specify Display Attributes form.For example, to display the numbers of mesh intervals for all edges in the model, you must select the

Interval options on the Specify Label Type form, then activate labels for all edges by means of theSpecify Display Attributes form.

NOTE ()! "f the Label option on the Specify Display Attributes form is On, changes made on theSpecify Label Type form affect the model display as soon as they are specified.

NOTE (#)! The Specify Label Type form specifications do not affect coordinate system labels.

Using the Specify Label Type Form

The Specify Label Type form (see belo$) allo$s you to specify the types of labels that are displayed by means of the Specify Display Attributes form. To open the Specify Label Type form, clic% the Label

Type command button on the Global Control toolpad.

The Specify Label Type form consists of a field of five chec% boxes that allo$ you to specify the

display of the follo$ing label types (see above)!

Regular Interval

Boundary Type Scheme Boundary Layer Continuum Type

Undo

Interval Edge mesh intervals int = 15

Boundary Type &oundary'type one specifications btype = WALL

Scheme eshing scheme scheme = pave

Boundary Layer &oundary layers b_layer = b_layer.5

Continuum Type *ontinuum'type one specifications ctype = FLUID

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The Undo command undoes GAMBIT operations in reverse order relative to their sequence ofexecution.

Overview

When you click the Undo command button GAMBIT reverses the most recently executed operation.!or example if you create a vertex and click Undo GAMBIT deletes the vertex.

Multiple Undo Operations

As you create and"or mesh a model GAMBIT maintains and updates an #undo# list$that is a first$

in"last$out sequential list of Geometry Mesh Zones Tools and Global Control commands performeddurin% the modelin% session. When you execute the Undo command GAMBIT reverses the most

recently executed operation and removes it from the undo list. If you execute the Undo command asecond time GAMBIT reverses and removes from the undo list the operation that you performedimmediately prior to the most recently executed operation$and so on. !or example if you create andmesh a cylindrical volume then click Undo GAMBIT removes the mesh from the volume. If you

click Undo a second time GAMBIT deletes the volume.

By default GAMBIT maintains &' undo levels$$that is the undo list contains the &' most recentlyexecuted operations. To increase or decrease the number of operations retained in the undo listmodify the GAMBIT UNDO default variable by means of the dit Defaults form (see )ection *.+.*,.

-T/0 Increasin% the number of undo levels necessarily increases the amount of disk space required

by the GAMBIT pro%ram.

Redo

The !edo command reverses the most recently executed GAMBIT Undo operation.

Overview

When you click the !edo command button GAMBIT reverses the most recently executed Undooperation. !or example if you create a vertex and click Undo GAMBIT deletes the vertex. If youthen click !edo GAMBIT restores the vertex to the model.

Multiple Redo Operations

GAMBIT allo1s you to !edo multiple$operation sequences that are undone by means of the Undooperation. !or example if you create and mesh a cylindrical volume then click Undo GAMBIT

removes the mesh from the volume. If you click Undo a second time GAMBIT deletes the volume.If you then click !edo GAMBIT restores the volume and if you click !edo a second timeGAMBIT restores the mesh.

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By default GAMBIT allo1s you to undo the &' most recently executed operations and to !edo the&' most recently executed Undo operations. To increase or decrease the number of operations that

can be undone and"or redone modify the GAMBIT UNDO default variable by means of the dit

Defaults form (see )ection *.+.*,.

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by the GAMBIT pro%ram.

Orient Model

The "rient Model command button allo1s you to apply a preset model orientation to all currently

enabled quadrants to orient the model 1ith respect to a specified face or vector and to storecommands related to the current orientation in a @ournal file.

To open the menu of "rient Model options ri%ht$click the "rient Model command button. The "rientModel menu includes the follo1in% options.

Option Description

9isplays the model as vie1ed in the x direction.

9isplays the model as vie1ed in the x direction.

9isplays the model as vie1ed in the y direction.

9isplays the model as vie1ed in the y direction.

9isplays the model as vie1ed in the z direction.

9isplays the model as vie1ed in the z direction.

9isplays an isometric vie1 of the model.

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Using the View Face/Vector Form

The #ie$ %ace&#ector option allows you to view the model from a direction normal to any one of themodel faces or in relation to a specified vector. When you select the #ie$ %ace&#ector on the "rient

Model menu, GAMBIT opens the #ie$ %ace&#ector form (see below. The #ie$ %ace&#ector formallows you to specify the face toward which or vector alon! which the model is to be viewed.

The #ie$ %ace&#ector form includes the followin! options"

Normal to Face Option

#everses the orientation of the model as currently displayed in each $uadrant.

#ie$ %ace&#ector option%%orients the model in a direction either normal to ane&istin! face or defined by a vector (see 'sin! the )iew *ace+)ector *orm,'

below.

isplays the model accordin! to its previous orientation and confi!uration.(-T/" This operation is identical to the double%middle%clic0 in the !raphicswindow (see '1how 2revious )iew (ouble%middle%clic0,' above.

1aves the commands correspondin! to the current model orientation andconfi!uration to the session 3ournal te&t file. (-T/" This operation is identicalto the double%ri!ht%clic0 in the !raphics window (see '4ournal )iew (ouble%ri!ht%clic0 ,' above.

($uadrant command buttons enable or disable any or all $uadrants withrespect to chan!es in model appearance.

"rientation:

Normal to FaceAlong Vector

allows you to specify one of two options for orientin! the model.

Normal to Face orients the model normal to a selected face Along Vector orients the model in the direction of a specified vector

The followin! sections describe each of the options.

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The Normal to Face option allows you to orient the model in the direction normal to a specified face.For instructions in specifying the face that defines the view direction, see "List Boxes," above.

(!T# $hen you specify the Normal to Face option, %&'BT scales the model to fit in the enabled)uadrants when it reorients the model.*

Along Vector Option

The Along Vector option allows you to view the model in the direction of a specified vector. %&'BTorients the model so that the specified vector is normal to the plane of the screen.

$hen you select the Along Vector option, %&'BT displays a Define command button immediately below the Along Vector button. To specify the vector in the direction of which the model is to beviewed, clic+ the Define command button to open the Vector Definition form. (ee "-sing the ector/efinition Form," below.*

Using the Vector Definition Form

$hen you select the Along Vector option on the View Face/Vector form and clic+ the Define command button, %&'BT opens the Vector Definition form (see below*. The Vector Definition form allowsyou to specify the vector along which the model is to be viewed. (!T# The Vector Definition formis also used to define vectors, such as axes of revolution, for %&'BT geometry operations (see0hapter 1 of the %&'BT 'odeling %uide*.*

The Vector Definition form includes the following specifications.

Active CoordinateSystem Vector

displays the coordinates of the Start and End points for the current vectordefinition.

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Specifying a Vector Parallel to Coordinate System Axes

Immediately below the Coordinate Sys. list box is a group of radio buttons that allow you to specifythe orientation of the model and perspective of the viewer relative to the coordinate axes. The six

orientation options are as follows:

Positive X, Negative X Positive Y, Negative Y Positive Z, Negative Z

For example, if you specify c_sys.1 in the Coordinate Sys. list box and select the Positive Y orientation

option, GA!IT displays the model as viewed in the positive direction along the y axis of c_sys.1.

Specifying a Vector Parallel to a Model Edge

Method: contains four radio buttons that allow you to select the method used inspecifying the vector. The available methods are as follows:

Coord. Sys. Axis "" specifies a vector defined by one of the coordinateaxes

Edge "" specifies a vector defined by the endpoints of an existing edge 2 Vertices "" specifies a vector defined by two existing vertices 2 Points "" specifies a vector defined by two points

The options and specifications available in the lower part of the Vector

Definition form vary according to the Method option selected. The followingsections describe specifications associated with each of the four optionslisted above.

Coord. Sys. Axis specifies viewing the model along a vector defined by one of the coordinateaxes. #hen you select the Coord. Sys. Axis option, the lower portion of the

Vector Definition form appears as shown above. It includes the followingspecifications.

Coordinate Sys. specifies the coordinate system of reference for the vector along which themodel is to be viewed.

Edge specifies viewing the model along a vector defined by the Start and Endendpoints of an existing edge. #hen you select the Edge option, the lower

portion of the Vector Definition form appears as shown below. It includes thefollowing specifications.

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Vector Definition form -- Edge option specifications

Specifying a Vector Parallel to a Line Passing Through Two Vertices

Vector Definition form -- 2 Vertices option specifications

Specifying a Vector Between Two Points

Edge specifies the edge parallel to which the model is to be viewed.

Reverse reverses the model orientation relative to the edge sense. (NOTE: You can alsoreverse the view by middle-clicing on the edge.!

Vertices specifies viewing the model along a vector defined by two e"isting vertices.

#hen you select the 2 Vertices option$ the lower portion of the Vector Definitionform appears as shown below. %t includes the following specifications.

Vertices: contains two te"t bo"es that allow you to specify the Start and End vertices that

define the vector along which the model is to be viewed. To reverse theorientation of the model$ switch the Start and End verte" specifications.

2 Points specifies viewing the model along a vector defined by two points. #hen youselect the 2 Points option$ the lower portion of the Vector Definition form appearsas shown below. %t includes the following specifications.

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Vector Definition form -- 2 Points option specifications

Specify Display Attributes

When you click the Specify Dispay Attri!"tes command button, GAMBIT opens theSpecify Dispay Attri!"tes form (see below! The Specify Dispay Attri!"tes form allows you to

customi"e the appearance of the model in any currently enabled #uadrant!

CoordinateVa"es:

contains two radio buttons that allow you to select the point associated withthe $alues currently displayed in the lower part of the form! The options areas follows%

Point -- specifies the start point Point 2 -- specifies the end point

To re$erse the model orientation, switch the specifications for the two points!

CoordinateSys

specifies the coordinate system of reference for the points that define the$ector alon& which the model is to be $iewed!

#ype -----------------------

CartesianCylindricalS!"erical

specifies the type of coordinate system to be used in the current pointspecification!

$o!a % &oca allows you to define the coordinates of the point with respect to either the&lobal or local coordinate system! The nature of the te't bo'es that appearunder each headin& depends on the type of coordinate system selected by

means of the #ype option (see abo$e! To define the coordinates of the pointcurrently specified, input its coordinate $alues in either the $o!a or the

&oca te't bo'es! When you input a $alues in either set of te't bo'es,computes and displays the correspondin& $alues for the other set!

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Using the Specify Display Attributes Form

The Specify Dispay Attri!"tes form allows you to customize the appearance of the model in any orall of the graphics windows quadrants. It includes the following options.

The middle section of the Specify Dispay Attri!"tes form allows you to select individual modelentities or entire entity types for display specification. The available entity-type options includegroups ($ro"ps), volumes (Vo"mes), faces (Faces), edges (Edges), vertices (Vertices), boundarylayers ('. &ayers), and coordinate systems (C. Sys).

Specifying Display Attributes--Groups Example

The options available for each entity type are identical to those for model groupswhich are asfollows.

(quadrant command buttons) enable or disable any or all quadrants withrespect to changes in model appearance.

$ro"ps applies the specified display attributes to any or all groups in the model.

AllPic#

allows you to select the model groups to which the specified display attributesapply.

All specifies all groups in the model

Pic# specifies groups selected by means of the $ro"p list bo! (see below).

("#T$% If you pic& a group in the graphics window or clic& in the $ro"plist bo!, '*IT automatically selects the Pic# option.)

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Render Model

The Render Model command allows you to render the model as either shaded, wireframe, or hidden.

The symbol displayed on the Render Model command button indicates its current function. Tochange the function of the button, right-click it to open the menu of available functions, then selectthe desired function from the menu. When you select a function from the menu, GAM!Tautomatically renders the model according to the selected function.

Specify Color Mode

Groups allows you to select specific groups to which to apply the display attributes.

Visible specifies the visibility of the selected groups.

OnOff

renders the selected groups visible "On# or invisible "Off #.

Label specifies the visibility of labels for the selected groups.

OnOff

renders labels for the selected groups visible "On# or invisible "Off #. To selectthe types of labels to be displayed, use the Specify Label Type command on the

Global Control toolpad.

Silhouette specifies the visibility of silhouettes for the selected groups.

On

Off

renders silhouettes for the selected groups visible "On# or invisible "Off #.

$ilhouettes display outlines of surfaces that do not possess edges-for e%ample,the curved surfaces of cylinders and spheres.

Mesh specifies the visibility of the mesh.

OnOff

renders the mesh visible "On# or invisible "Off #.

Render specifies the general appearance of the selected visible groups.

Wire

ShadeHidden

allows you to specify the appearance of the selected visible groups&

Wire wireframe model view displays a wireframe view of the selectedgroups.

Shade shaded model view displays a three-dimensional shaded view ofthe selected groups.

Hidden renders invisible all hidden lines. 'idden lines are those concealed behind other entities in the current model orientation.

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The Specify Color Mode command button allows you to toggle between two modes of defining colorfor the lines, curves, and points as displayed in the active graphics-window quadrants. The two color

modes are as follows:

Topology -- specifies that the colors displayed for vertices, edges, faces, and volumescorrespond to the hierarchy of model entities.

Connectivity -- specifies that model colors are based on connectivity between entities.

Topology Mode

In the topology color mode, G!"IT displays entity colors according to the G!"IT geometrycolor conventions. The default topology color conventions are as follows.

#ou can change the default topology color conventions by means of the Edit Defaults form $see%&sing the 'dit (efaults )orm% in *ection +..+.

The colors listed in the table above correspond to only those entities that do not constitute parts ofhigher-topology entities. )or eample, if an edge eists on its own, it is displayed as yellow, but if itconstitutes part of a face, it is displayed as cyan.

Connectivity Mode

In the connectivity color mode, G!"IT displays colors based on the connectivity between entities.The default connectivity color conventions are as follows.

)or eample, in the connectivity color mode, lone vertices are white but any verte that constitutesan endpoint for two separate edges is colored orange. *imilarly, lone edges are white, but an edge

Entity Color

/erte white

'dge yellow

)ace cyan

/olume green

Number of Connections Color

0 white

1 orange

deeps2yblue

3 or more cyan

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that an edge that is shared by three separate faces is colored deepskyblue.

If two coincident entities differ in the degree of their connectivity to other entities in the model,GAMBIT displays the color corresponding to the leastconnected entity. !or e"ample, if a loneverte" is coincident with the corner verte" of a foursided face, GAMBIT displays a white verte" atthe location of coincidence.

#$T% &'() GAMBIT determines connectivity coloration for any entity on the basis of the number ofsides of the entity that are connected to higher entities. If you create a face that includes a danglingedge, GAMBIT assigns the dangling edge a connectivity color of deepskyblue, because the faceitself e"ists on two separate sides of the edge.

#$T% &*() +ou can change the default connectivity color conventions by means of the Edit Defaultsform &see -sing the %dit efaults !orm in /ection 0.*.0(.

Examine Mesh

1hen you click the Examine Mesh command button, GAMBIT opens the Examine Mesh form &see below(. The Examine Mesh form allows you to display an e"isting mesh and to customi2e thecharacteristics of the mesh display.

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To display a mesh by means of the Examine Mesh form, you must specify two major sets of parameters:

Display Type

Display Mode

The Display Type parameters determine which mesh elements are visible when the mesh is displayed.The Display Mode parameters determine the visual appearance of elements that are displayed.

Specifying the Display Type

There are three general Display Type specifications on the Examine Mesh form:

Domain Element type Quality type

The domain specification allows you to define which region of the mesh is displayed. The element-type specification determines which element shapes are included in the group of displayed elements.The uality-type specification determines the uality criterion that is used to color displayed

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elements and9or to define which elements are displayed.

The following sections describe each of the specifications listed above.

Specifying the Domain

The domain specification consists of the following options:

Plane Sphere Range

The Plane and Sphere options allow you to display mesh elements located relative to a planar orspherical cut through the mesh. The Range option allows you to display only those mesh elementsthe uality of which falls within specified limits with respect to a designated uality criterion.

The following sections describe the each of the options listed above and illustrate their relative

effects on the mesh display for the elliptical cylinder shown in 4igure /-7$. 53=TE: *n this e>ample,the cross section of the cylinder is elongated with respect to the x a>is, and the cylinder is aligned

with the z a>is.6

4igure /-7$: (eshed elliptical cylinder

Plane Option

?hen you select the Plane option, &'()*T displays a plane cut through the mesh. To customi@e the plane cut, you must specify two parameters:

Cut Type Cut rientation

The Cut Type specification determines whether &'()*T displays a @ero-thicAness plane cut throughthe mesh or an array of mesh elements defined by their position with respect to the cutting plane. TheCut rientation specification allows you to align the cutting plane with one of the three planes of theactive coordinate system and to specify the position of the cutting plane.

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Specifying the Cut Type

To specify the Cut Type, you must select one of the following options:

Display cut Display elements

Display cut Option

When you select the Display cut option, GAMBIT displays a zero-thicness plane cut through themesh-such as that shown in !igure "-#$% The plane cut shown in !igure "-#$ is located in the center

of the elliptical cylinder and is aligned with the y-z coordinate plane%

!igure "-#$: Plane cut -- Cut Type: Display cut option, y-z plane

&ou can align the cutting plane with any of the three 'artesian coordinate planes (y means of the

Cut Orientation slider (ars )see *+pecifying the 'ut rientation,* (elow%

Display elements Option

When you select the Display elements option, GAMBIT displays a region of the mesh defined withrespect to the cutting plane% &ou can specify which region of the mesh is displayed (y means of

Display elements su(options% The Display elements su(options are as follows:

A set of radio (uttons corresponding to the Display elements su(options is located a(o.e the Cut

Suboption Description

- /isplays elements that e0ist (elow the cutting plane

0 /isplays elements that are intersected (y the cutting plane

+ /isplays elements that e0ist a(o.e the cutting plane

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Orientation slider (ars in the lower section of the Examine Mesh form% To select a Display elementssu(option, clic its corresponding radio (utton%

!igure "-#4 and !igure "-#6 show the effect of the 0 and - su(options, respecti.ely, on the meshdisplay for the elliptical cylinder shown in !igure "-#5% In (oth figures, the cutting plane is centered

in the cylinder and aligned with the y-z plane%

!igure "-#4: Plane cut -- Cut Type: Display elements, y-z plane, +u(option )0

!igure "-#6: Plane cut -- Cut Type: Display elements, y-z plane, +u(option )-

=T8: When you select the Display elements option, GAMBIT displays only those elements thatmeet both the domain and element type specifications currently specified in the Display Type field on

the Examine Mesh form% !or e0ample, if you select the Plane option and specify the display of pyramidal elements only, GAMBIT displays only those mesh elements that are pyramidal in shapeand are intersected (y the specified cutting plane% )+ee *+pecifying the 8lement Type,* (elow%

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Specifying the Cut Orientation

To specify the Cut Orientation, you must specify the alignment and position of the cutting plane% Thealignment and position specifications determine the following characteristics of the cutting plane:

Alignment relati.e to the planes of the acti.e coordinate system

<ocation in the model domain

The alignment and position of the cutting plane are specified (y means of the Cut Orientation slider

(ars located in the lower section of the Examine Mesh form )see a(o.e% There are three CutOrientation slider (ars, la(eled X, Y, and Z%

GAMBIT allows you to align the cutting plane such that it is parallel to any one of the threecoordinate planes of the acti.e coordinate system% To orient the cutting plane, clic the slider (o0corresponding to the a0is that is normal to the desired coordinate plane% !or e0ample, to orient the

reference plane such that it is parallel to the x - y coordinate plane )!igure "-#@, clic the slider (o0la(eled Z%

!igure "-#@: Plane cut -- Cut Type: Display elements, x - y plane

To reposition the cutting plane in the model domain, left-drag the slider (o0 to the left or right%When you left-drag the slider (o0, GAMBIT automatically updates the graphics window meshdisplay to reflect the current position of the (o0% To change the position of the cutting plane inincrements, left-clic the slider (ar on either side of the slider (o0%

=T8: If you acti.ate a coordinate system other than the currently acti.e system, GAMBITautomatically updates the orientation of the cutting plane with reference to the newly acti.e system%

Sphere Option

When you select the Sphere option, GAMBIT displays a spherical cut through the mesh% Tocustomize the spherical cut, you must specify two parameters:

Cut Type Cut Orientation

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The Cut Type specification determines whether GAMBIT displays a zero-thickness spherical shell oran array of mesh elements defined by their position with respect to the shell. The Cut Orientationspecification allows you to position the center of the sphere and to specify the radius of the sphere.

Specifying the Cut Type

To specify the Cut Type, you must select one of the followin options!

Display cut

Display elements

The spherical-cut Display cut and Display elements options produce effects similar to those of thecorrespondin plane-cut options but differ as outlined below.

Display cut Option

"hen you select the spherical-cut Display cut option, GAMBIT displays a zero-thickness spherical

shell such as that shown in #iure $-%&.

#iure $-%&! Sphere cut -- Cut Type: Display cut option

The lines shown on the surface of the spherical cut represent lines of intersection between the sphereand either the mesh-element faces or the eometrical boundaries of the model components. 'ou can

position the sphere within the model domain and specify its radius by means of the Cut Orientationslider bars (see )*pecifyin the +ut rientation,) below.

Display elements Option

"hen you select the Display elements option, GAMBIT displays a reion of the mesh defined relatieto the cuttin sphere. 'ou can specify which reion of the mesh is displayed by means of Display

elements suboptions. The Display elements suboptions are as follows!

Suboption Description

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A set of radio buttons correspondin to the Display elements suboptions is located aboe the CutOrientation slider bars in the lower section of the Examine Mesh form. To select a Display elementssuboption, click its correspondin radio button.

#iure $-1<, #iure $-1%, #iure $-11 and show the effect of the -, 0, and + suboptions, respectiely,on the mesh display for the elliptical cylinder shown in #iure $-%2. In each fiure, the cuttinsphere is located in the center of the cylinder, and its radius is that shown in #iure $-%&, aboe.

#iure $-1<! Sphere cut -- Cut Type: Display elements, *uboption (-

- 8isplays elements that eist entirely outside the cuttin sphere

0 8isplays elements that are intersected by the cuttin sphere

+ 8isplays elements that eist entirely inside the cuttin sphere

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Figure 3-21: Sphere cut -- Cut Type: Display elements, Suboption (0)

Figure 3-22: Sphere cut -- Cut Type: Display elements, Suboption (+)

NOTE: When you select the Display elements option, !"#$T %ispl&ys only those ele'ents th&t

'eet both the %o'&in and ele'ent type speciic&tions currently speciie% in the Display Type iel% onthe Examine Mesh or' For e*&'ple, i you select the Sphere option &n% speciy the %ispl&y o

pyr&'i%&l ele'ents only, !"#$T %ispl&ys only those 'esh ele'ents th&t &re pyr&'i%&l in sh&pe&n% &re intersecte% by the speciie% cutting sphere (See +Speciying the Ele'ent Type,+ belo)

Specifying the Cut Orientation

To speciy the Cut Orientation, you 'ust speciy the position &n% r&%ius o the cutting sphere The position &n% r&%ius o the cutting sphere &re speciie% by 'e&ns o the Cut Orientation sli%er b&rs

loc&te% in the loer section o the Examine Mesh or' (see &boe)

When you speciy & Sphere cut, !"#$T %ispl&ys our Cut Orientation sli%er b&rs, l&bele% X, Y, Z,&n% R The X, Y, &n% Z sli%er b&rs &llo you to speciy the position o the center o the sphere rel&tie

to the &*es o the &ctie coor%in&te syste' The R sli%er b&r &llos you to speciy the r&%ius o thesphere

Range Option

When you select the Range option, !"#$T %ispl&ys only those 'esh ele'ents the .u&lity o hich&lls ithin & speciie% r&nge ith respect to & speciie% Quality Type criterion (see Figure 3-23)

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Figure 3-23: Elliptical cylinder mesh -- Range option

To display mesh elements by means of the Range option, you must specify the following parameters:

Quality criterion Range

To specify the uality criterion, you must use the Quality Type option button located at the bottom of

the Display Type field !see "#pecifying the Quality Type," below$% To define the range, you mustspecify its lower and upper limits by means of the range components located in the lower section ofthe Examine Mesh form !see below$%

&hen you select the Range option, '()*+T displays two types of range components on the

Examine Mesh form:

istogram

Loer and !pper limit slider bars

Histogram

The range histogram consists of a bar chart representing the statistical distribution of mesh elementswith respect to the specified uality criterion% Each ertical bar on the histogram corresponds to auniue set of lower and upper uality limits% To display those elements the uality of which fallswithin the limits represented by any ertical bar on the histogram, left-clic. the corresponding bar%

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Lower and Upper Limit Slider Bars

The Loer and !pper limit slider bars allow you to specify the lower and upper limits of the quality

range that determines which elements are displayed in the graphics window. To specify the Loer or

!pper limit of the range, left-drag the appropriate slider box to the desired location. To change theLoer or !pper limit of the range incrementally, left-click the appropriate slider bar on either side of

the corresponding slider box.

NOTE !f the Loer "alue is greater than the !pper "alue, #$%&!T simultaneously displays those

elements with quality "alues less than the !pper "alue and greater than the Loer "alue.

Specifying the Element Type

'hen you select the Display elements option, #$%&!T displays two-dimensional (face) and*or three-dimensional ("olume) elements in the graphics window. #$%&!T allows you to customi+e the meshdisplay so that only specified types of elements are displayed. To specify the element type, you mustspecify two parameters

lass hape

The class specification determines whether #$%&!T displays face elements or "olume elements.The shape specification determines which element shapes are included in the set of displayedelements.

Class

or the purposes of displaying the mesh, there are two classes of elements

2D Element 3D Element

Each class is associated with its own set of a"ailable element shapes (see below). To specify a class,left-click the class option button in the Display Type field and select either the 2D Element or 3DElement option.

Shape

'hen you select an element class, #$%&!T displays a set of option selector buttons that represent

the element shapes a"ailable for the specified class. The option selector buttons are located at theright side of the class option button.

The following table shows the element shapes corresponding to each element class.

Element Class Shape Selector Button

2D Element /uadrilateral

Triangle

3D Element 0exahedron

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'hen you display mesh elements by means of the Examine Mesh form, #$%&!T displays only thoseelements the shapes of which match the current element-type specifications. or example, if youspecify a plane cut according to the following parameters

#$%&!T displays only those "olume elements that meet both of the following criteria

!ntersected by the specified plane !n the shape of either a brick or a wedge

imilarly, if you specify a plane cut according to the following parameters

#$%&!T displays only those face elements that are intersected by the specified plane and possess aquadrilateral shape (see igure 3-=4).

Tetrahedron

1rism

'edge

Parameter Specification

lass 3D Element

hape 0exahedron, 'edge

Parameter Specification

ategory 2D Element

hape /uad

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igure 3-=4 Plane cut, y -- z plane-2D Element, /uad

Specifying the Quality Type

The quality-type specification defines the criterion that determines the following mesh displaycharacteristics

'hich elements are displayed by means of the domain Range option (see A7ange Option,Aabo"e)

The coloration of elements for faceted mesh displays (see Aaceted Option,A below.)

The following sections describe the quality types a"ailable in #$%&!T and the correspondence between quality types and the mesh element types described in the pre"ious section.

Quality Type Definitions

#$%&!T pro"ides the following mesh quality-type specifications

Area Aspect Ratio

Diagonal Ratio Edge Ratio EquiAngle Skew EquiSize Skew MidAngle Skew

Stretch aper !olume "arpage

The following sections summari+e the definitions and characteristics of each of the specificationslisted abo"e.

rea

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The Area specification applies only to 2-D elements and represents mesh quality on the basis ofelement area.

spect Ratio

The Aspect Ratio applies to triangular, tetrahedral, quadrilateral, and hexahedral elements and is

defined differently for each element type. The definitions are as follows.

Triangular and Tetrahedral Elements

For triangular and tetrahedral elements, the Aspect Ratio ( is defined as!

where f is a scaling factor, and r and R represent the radii of the circles (for triangular elements or

triangular elements, " for tetrahedral elements, .

#y definition,

where describes an equilateral element.

Quadrilateral and Hexahedral Elements

For quadrilateral and hexahedral elements, is defined as!

where is the a$erage length of the edges in a coordinate direction (i local to the element (see

Figure %-2& and n is the total number of coordinate directions associated with the element. For

quadrilateral elements, " for hexahedral elements, .

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Figure %-2&! Aspect Ratio ( -- quadrilateral element

gain, by definition,

.

where describes an equilateral element.

Diagonal Ratio

The Diagonal Ratio ( applies only to quadrilateral and hexahedral elements and is defined asfollows!

where the are the lengths of the element diagonals. For quadrilateral elements, " for

hexahedral elements, .

#y definition,

.

The higher the $alue of , the less regularly shaped is its associated element. For square

quadrilateral elements and cubic hexahedral elements, .

Edge Ratio

The Edge Ratio ( is defined as follows!

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where represents the length of the element edge i, and n is the total number of edges associatedwith the element.

By definition,

.

The higher the value of , the less regularly shaped is its associated element. For equilateral

element shapes, .

EquiAngle Skew

The EquiAngle Skew ( ) is a normalized measure of sewness that is defined as follows!

where and are the ma"imum and minimum angles (in degrees) between the edges of the

element, and

triangular and tetrahedral elements, . For quadrilateral and he"ahedral elements, .

By definition,

where describes an equilateral element, and describes a completely degenerate(poorly shaped) element.

#$T%! For pyramidal mesh elements, is equal to its ma"imum value for any of the five faces othe mesh element. &n an ideal pyramidal mesh element, all four triangular faces are equilateral andthe base of the pyramid is a square.

Table ' outlines the overall relationship between and element quality.

Table '! vs. *esh +uality

Quality

%quilateral (erfect)

%"cellent

-ood

Fair

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In general, high-quality meshes contain elements that possess average values of 0.1 (2-D) and0. (!-D).

EquiSize Skew

"he EquiSize Skew ( ) is a measure of s#e$ness that is defined as follo$s%

$here S is the area (2-D) or volume (!-D) of the mesh element, and is the ma&imum area (2-D)or volume (!-D) of an equilateral cell the circumscri'ing radius of $hich is identical to that of themesh element.

y definition,

$here descri'es an equilateral element, and descri'es a completely degenerate(poorly shaped) element.

and mesh quality sho$n in "a'le !-

, as $ell. In general, high-quality meshes contain elements that possess average values of0.1 (2-D) and 0. (!-D).

(*"+% "he EquiSize Skew quality metric applies only to triangular and tetrahedral elements. If youselect the EquiSize Skew metric for a mesh that contains elements other than triangles and tetrahedra,I" evaluates the non-triangular and non-tetrahedral elements using the EquiAngle Skewmetric.)

idAngle Skew

"he MidAngle Skew (

) formed 'et$een the 'isectors of the element edges(quadrilateral) or faces (he&ahedral) (see /igure !-2).

oor

ery poor (sliver)

Degenerate

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Figure 3-26: MidAngle Skew ( ) definition -- quadrilateral element

For quadrilateral elements,

.

For hexahedral elements,

where , , and are the three angles computed from the face-isecting lines of the element.

!" definition,

where descries an equilateral element, and descries a completel" degenerate(poorl" shaped) element.

Stretch

#he Stretch qualit" metric ( ) applies onl" to quadrilateral and hexahedral elements and is definedas follows:

where is the length of diagonal i, is the length of the element edge j, and n and m are the total

numers of diagonals and edges, respecti$el". For quadrilateral elements, n % 2 and m % &' for

hexahedral elements, n % & and m % 2.

!" definition,

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Taper

The Taper quality metric ( ) applies only to quadrilateral and hexahedral mesh elements and isdefined as follows.

For any quadrilateral (or hexahedral) mesh element, it is possible to construct a parallelogram (or parallelepiped) such that the distance between any given corner of the parallelogram (or

parallelepiped) and its nearest element corner node is a constant value. As a result, any vector, T,constructed from an element corner node to the nearest corner of the parallelogram (or

parallelepiped) possesses a magnitude identical to that of all other such vectors (see Figure !"#).

Figure !"#$ Taper quality metric definition !! quadrilateral element

%ach vector, T, can be resolved into components, , that are parallel to the bisectors of the mesh

elements, there are three. The Taper quality metric ( ) is defined as the normali&ed maximum ofall such components for the element.

'y definition,


Volume

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The Volume specification applies only to !3 elements and represents mesh quality in terms of meshelement volumes.

Warpage

The Warpage ) applies only to quadrilateral elements and is defined as follows$

where Z is the deviation from a best!fit plane that contains the element, and a and b are the lengthsof the line segments that bisect the edges of the element.

'y definition,


Element Types vs. Quality Types

%ach element type is associated with a unique set of available quality types. Table !" summari&esthe correspondence between mesh element types and the quality types described above. (0haded

boxes in the table represent quality types that are available for each corresponding element type.)

Table !"$ -esh element type vs. quality type

Quality Type

"!3 %lement !3 %lement

Area X X

Aspect Ratio X X X X X X

Diagonal Ratio X X

Edge Ratio X X X X X X

EquiAngle Skew X X X X X X

EquiSize Skew X X

MidAngle Skew X X

Stretch X X

Taper X X

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To specify a quality type, click the Quality Type option button and select the quality type from the

option menu.

NOTE: The Quality Type option menu includes only those quality types that are common to allcurrently selected element types. For example, if you specify the element type to include only DElement rectangles, the Quality Type option menu includes six items: Area, Aspect Ratio, Skew, Stretch,Taper , and Warpage. f, on the other hand, you specify the element type to include both D Elementshapes !rectangles and triangles", the Quality Type option menu includes only the option Skew.

Specifying the Display Mode

Display Mode specifications determine the appearance of the mesh display. To specify the display

mode, you must specify the follo#ing parameters:

Enabled quadrants $ppearance

The quadrant specification determines #hich graphics #indo# quadrants are affected by the currentspecifications on the Examine Mesh form. The appearance specification determines the manner in#hich the mesh elements are displayed in each enabled quadrant.

Specifying the Enabled Quadrants

The quadrant specification field consists of a set of fi%e command buttons that are identical to thequadrant command buttons used to enable and disable general graphics operations in each of thequadrants. For a description of the use of quadrant command buttons, see &ection '.(.), abo%e.

Specifying the Appearance

*$+T pro%ides the follo#ing options #ith respect to the appearance of the displayed mesh:

Wire Faceted

The Wire option specifies that *$+T displays a #ireframe %ie# of the mesh. The Faceted optionspecifies that *$+T renders the mesh display in either a colored, shaded, or hidden %ie#. Neitheroption is exclusi%e of the other.

Wire Option

-hen you select the Wire option, *$+T displays all lines corresponding to the edges of alldisplayed mesh elements.

Faceted Option

-hen you select the Faceted option, *$+T renders all displayed mesh elements to illustrate theirshape, location, andor quality characteristics. There are three Faceted rendering suboptions, each of#hich is mutually exclusi%e of the others:

Volume X X X X

Warpage X

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!ualit" Shade #idden

Quality Suboption

When you select the !ualit" suboption, GAMBIT renders the faces of all displayed mesh elements asfollows:

Color to represent the quality of the element with respect to the currently specified qualitycriterion as displayed on the scale at the bottom of the Examine Mesh form see !"pecifyin# the$uality Type,! abo%e&

"hade to reflect the position of the face with respect to the li#ht source

If you rotate the model by means of the mouse, the colors of the element faces chan#e to reflectchan#es in the position of each element face with respect to the li#ht source' (or a description of the

procedures and specifications required to modify the position and bri#htness of the li#ht source, see

!Modify )i#hts,! abo%e'&

Shade Suboption

When you select the Shade suboption, GAMBIT renders the faces of all displayed mesh elements inshades of #ray to reflect the position of each face with respect to the li#ht source'

Hidden Suboption

When you select the #idden suboption, GAMBIT displays a wireframe %iew of the mesh but hides alllines that are concealed behind displayed mesh element faces'

Using the Examine Mesh Form

The Examine Mesh form allows you to specify the type of mesh elements displayed and the displaymode for those elements' It includes the followin# specifications'

Display Type: *************************

$lane displays a plane cut throu#h the mesh' The cut can represent either a+ero*thicness plane or mesh elements defined in relation to thoseintersected by the plane see !-lane .ption,! abo%e&'

Sphere displays a spherical cut throu#h the mesh' The cut can representeither a +ero*thicness spherical shell or mesh elements defined inrelation to those intersected by the shell see !"phere .ption,!abo%e&'

Range displays all mesh %olume elements possessin# quality %alues withina specified ran#e for one of se%eral a%ailable mesh quality criteriasee !/an#e .ption,! abo%e&'

%D ElementD Element

specifies the class of elements to be displayed' 0lement classesinclude face elements D Element& and %olume elements %DElement&'

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specifies D Element shapes'

"pecifies %D Element shapes'

Quality Type: *************************

AreaAspect RatioDiagonal Ratio

Edge RatioEquiAngle SkewEquiSize SkewMidAngle SkewStretchTaper Volume

Warpage

allows you to specify the quality criterion that determines whichelements are displayed by means of the Range option and thecoloration of elements for faceted mesh displays' "ee !"pecifyin#the $uality Type,! abo%e'&

Display Mode: *************************

quadrant command buttons& enable or disable any or all quadrantswith respect to chan#es in mesh display' Chan#es made by means of

the Examine Mesh form are applied only to enabled quadrants'

Wire specifies a wireframe %iew of the displayed mesh elements'

Faceted specifies a faceted renderin# of all displayed mesh element faces'

Faceting Type: **********************

!ualit" colors each mesh element face to represent its quality and shadeseach mesh element face to reflect its current position with respect tothe li#ht source' 9.T0: 0lement colors chan#e sli#htly when youreorient the model'&

Shade shades the mesh elements to create a three*dimensional renderin# ofthe mesh'

#idden displays a wireframe %iew of the model but hides all lines that areconcealed behind other elements in the current mesh specificationand orientation'

Cut Type: *************************

Displa" &ut displays a +ero*thicness planar or spherical cut throu#h the mesh'

Displa" Elements displays elements defined in relation to the plane or spherical shell'

Cut Orientation: contains slider bars that allow you to specify the orientation of a plane cut or the radius and location of the center of a spherical cut'

The Cut Orientation field also includes radio buttons that allow you

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to specify the region of elements to be displayed by means of theDisplay elements option.

Plane Cut Slider Bars

The plane-cut slider bars (see below) allow you to change the

position of the cut plane in the x (X), y (Y), and z (Z) directions.

To change the location of the cut plane, left-click one of the slider

boxes and drag it to a new location on its slider bar. GA!"Trepositions the plane according to the final position of the slider box.

The plane-cut sliders also allow you to change the orientation of the

cut plane with respect to the coordinate planes. The X, Y, and Z

sliders orient the cut plane perpendicular to the x , y or z coordinate planes, respecti#ely, of the acti#e coordinate system. To change theorientation of the cut plane, left-click the appropriate slider.

Spherical Cut Slider Bars

The spherical-cut slider bars allow you to change the location of thecenter of the cutting sphere in the x (X), y (Y), and z (Z) directions

and to specify the radius (R) of the sphere.

To change the location of the sphere center, left-click one of the X, Y,

or Z slider boxes and drag it to a new location on the slider bar. Tochange the sphere radius, left-click the R slider box and drag it to itsnew location.

Display elements Suboption Radio Buttons

$hen you select the Display Elements option (see abo#e), GA!"Tdisplays three radio buttons abo#e the Cut Orientation slider bars.

The radio buttons allow you to specify the region of mesh elementsto be displayed.

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The options specified by means of the radio buttons are as follows.

6or both the plane-cut and spherical-cut options, the 0 optionspecifies that only those elements intersected by the specified planeor spherical shell are displayed.

6or plane cuts, the - and + options display all elements located in thenegati#e and positi#e coordinate directions, respecti#ely, relati#e tothe elements intersected by the plane.

6or spherical cuts, the - and + options specify the display of elementsinside and outside, respecti#ely, those elements intersected by thespherical shell.

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colors in gambit

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