colons and semicolons. state standard ninth and tenth grade reading and language arts standards for...
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Colons and Semicolons
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State Standard
Ninth and Tenth Grade Reading and Language Arts Standards for Written and Oral Language Conventions
1.1 Identify and correctly use...mechanics of punctuation (e.g., semicolons, colons, ellipses, hyphens).
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Colons
Rule 1: Use a colon to mean “note what follows.”
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Colons
Rule 1: Use a colon to mean “note what follows.”
a) Use a colon before a list of items, especially after expressions such as the following or as follows.
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Colons
Rule 1: Use a colon to mean “note what follows.”
a) Use a colon before a list of items, especially after expressions such as the following or as follows.
Example—In Washington, D.C., we visited four important
national sites: the White House, the Washington Monument, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and the Lincoln Memorial.
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Colons
Rule 1: Use a colon to mean “note what follows.”
b) Use a colon before a long formal statement or quotation.
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Colons
b) Use a colon before a long formal statement or quotation.
Example –Thomas Paine’s first pamphlet in the series The
American Crisis starts with these famous words: “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country;…”
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Colons
Rule 2: Use a colon before a statement that explains or clarifies the preceding statement.
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Colons
Rule 2: Use a colon before a statement that explains or clarifies the preceding statement.
Example –He deserves a raise: He completed the project
on schedule and under budget.
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Colons
Rule 2: Use a colon before a statement that explains or clarifies the preceding statement.
Example –He deserves a raise: He completed the project
on schedule and under budget.[Note that when an independent clause follows
a colon, the clause begins with a capital letter.]
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
a) Use a colon between the hour and minute in a time notation.
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
a)Use a colon between the hour and minute in a time notation.
Example – School finishes at 3:15.
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
b) Use a colon between chapter and verse in Biblical references.
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
b) Use a colon between chapter and verse in Biblical references.
Example – This morning I read Exodus 17:19.
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
c) Use a colon between a title and a subtitle.
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
c) Use a colon between a title and a subtitle.Example – Slaughter House Five: The Children’s Crusade [book by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.]
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
d) Use a colon after a salutation in a business letter.
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Colons
Rule 3: Use a colon in certain convention situations.
d) Use a colon after a salutation in a business letter.
Example – Dear Sir or Madam:
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Semicolons
Rule 1: Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses that are closely related.
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Semicolons
Rule 1: Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses that are closely related.
Remember, an independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as sentence.
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Semicolons
Rule 1: Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses that are closely related.
Example:Tim went to buy tickets for the game; he stood
in line for several hours.
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Semicolons
Rule 2: Use a semicolon before conjunctive adverbs such as however, therefore, thus, or nevertheless when they are joining independent clauses. Usually a comma goes after the conjunctive adverb.
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Semicolons
Rule 2: Use a semicolon before conjunctive adverbs such as however, therefore, thus, or nevertheless when they are joining independent clauses. Usually a comma goes after the conjunctive adverb.
Example:I like French fries; however, they are not on my
diet.
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Semicolons
Rule 3: Use a semicolon before a transition expressions such as for example, in other words, in conclusion or in fact when they are joining two independent clauses. Usually a comma follows the transitional expression.
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Semicolons
Rule 3: Use a semicolon before a transition expressions such as for example, in other words, in conclusion or in fact when they are joining two independent clauses. Usually a comma follows the transitional expression.
Example:The artists find inspiration for their creations in
everyday life; for example, religion and nature are rich sources of ideas.
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Semicolons
Rule 4: Use semicolons between items in a series if the items contain commas.
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Semicolons
Rule 4: Use semicolons between items in a series if the items contain commas.
Example –You may turn in your books reports on
Thursday, September 14th; Friday, September 15th; or Monday, September 18th.