Colonization in Colonization in NigeriaNigeria

By;By;Danny ChenDanny Chen

Keith KnabajinKeith KnabajinDanny SolisDanny SolisKevin FordKevin Ford

Matthew MunozMatthew Munoz

NigeriaNigeria The most populated The most populated

country in Africacountry in Africa Gain its Gain its

independence in independence in 19601960

Main ethnic groups: Main ethnic groups: the Hausa-Fulani, the Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo Yoruba, and Igbo

Known for its Known for its popular music and popular music and English literature.English literature.

Nigeria Before Nigeria Before ColonizationColonization

Nigeria was divided into Nigeria was divided into territories belonging to territories belonging to different ethnic groupsdifferent ethnic groups

Most dominant group Most dominant group was the Yorubawas the Yoruba

Many kingdoms existed Many kingdoms existed within Nigeria, Yoruba within Nigeria, Yoruba kingdom in the kingdom in the southwest and the southwest and the Benin in the central Benin in the central part of the southpart of the south

Nigeria Before Nigeria Before Colonialism cont.Colonialism cont.

Believed in various Believed in various gods and deities: gods and deities: ancestral worshipancestral worship

Tribes produced Tribes produced sculptures of iron sculptures of iron and other metalsand other metals

Main trade items at Main trade items at that time were that time were ivory, kola nuts, ivory, kola nuts, salt, glass, coral, salt, glass, coral, cloth, weapons, cloth, weapons, brass, and cowriesbrass, and cowries

Effects of ColonialismEffects of Colonialism

The British, French Portuguese, and The British, French Portuguese, and other European countries began other European countries began colonizing Africacolonizing Africa

Colonization started to divided Colonization started to divided Nigeria into statesNigeria into states

Yoruba remained one of the largest Yoruba remained one of the largest groups, however other groups were groups, however other groups were on the rise: Igbo, Hausa-Fulanion the rise: Igbo, Hausa-Fulani

Effects of Colonialism Effects of Colonialism cont.cont.

Christianity, Islam, Christianity, Islam, and other religions and other religions were introduced were introduced

indigenous beliefs indigenous beliefs began losing its began losing its influenceinfluence

Slave trading became Slave trading became more popular, more more popular, more and more tribes began and more tribes began participating participating

Slaves were more Slaves were more profitable than trading profitable than trading other goodsother goods

Colonial Colonial Institutions of Institutions of

NigeriaNigeria

ColonialismColonialism Began in the early Began in the early

twentieth centurytwentieth century

The English began to The English began to come in to Africacome in to Africa

The tried to force The tried to force their religion on the their religion on the AfricansAfricans

It eventually drove It eventually drove some people insanesome people insane

InstitutionsInstitutions Several institutions Several institutions

were set up to house were set up to house these peoplethese people

The institutions were The institutions were state fundedstate funded

There was very little There was very little funding by the statefunding by the state

The care was poorThe care was poor

Who and Why?Who and Why? Who would be Who would be

institutionalized was a institutionalized was a big questionbig question

When the British When the British arrived, there were arrived, there were many lunatics running many lunatics running in the streetsin the streets

These were the people These were the people who were who were institutionalizedinstitutionalized

Famous InstitutionsFamous Institutions

The Aro Mental Hospital in AbeokutaThe Aro Mental Hospital in Abeokuta The Yaba Lunatic Asylum in LagosThe Yaba Lunatic Asylum in Lagos Numerous studies of colonialism Numerous studies of colonialism

were done herewere done here Main research was by Jonathon Main research was by Jonathon

SadowskySadowsky He used patient records He used patient records

OverviewOverview Colonialism had many long term effects Colonialism had many long term effects

on the cultureon the culture

It depleted and possibly destroyed clansIt depleted and possibly destroyed clans

It took away the Nigerian rituals and It took away the Nigerian rituals and traditiontradition

Forced Christianity upon themForced Christianity upon them

Impact of ChristianityImpact of Christianity

Before Before ChristianityChristianity

The Igbo’s beliefs The Igbo’s beliefs were once very were once very tribal in nature. tribal in nature. Many DeitiesMany DeitiesRepresentations..Representations..SymbolsSymbolsCHICHI

Introduction of Introduction of ChristianityChristianity

Portuguese Catholic Portuguese Catholic priests, who landed on priests, who landed on the shore of Nigeria the shore of Nigeria with traders, first with traders, first introduced Nigerians introduced Nigerians to Christianity to Christianity

The major spread of The major spread of the Christian church in the Christian church in Nigeria is clearly Nigeria is clearly credited to the credited to the independent churches independent churches of the Nigerian people. of the Nigerian people.

First ImpressionsFirst ImpressionsNot allowed in mainlandNot allowed in mainland

Very slow upcomingVery slow upcoming

Not highly regarded by Not highly regarded by Igbo People.Igbo People.

Felt like a competition.Felt like a competition.

Low numbers of Low numbers of Converts.Converts.

However, making an However, making an impactimpact

Building Up…Building Up… Within Five years……………..(6)Within Five years……………..(6) “ “ “ “ Ten years………………(17)Ten years………………(17) “ “ “ “ Fifteen years…………...(22)Fifteen years…………...(22)

After twenty years of the Christian After twenty years of the Christian churches first establishing in Nigeria, churches first establishing in Nigeria, there was over fifty churches set up and there was over fifty churches set up and over a third of the population had over a third of the population had converted.converted.

Intent Intent

INTENT OF INTENT OF COLONIALISMCOLONIALISM

Following the Napoleonic wars, the Following the Napoleonic wars, the British expanded trade with the British expanded trade with the

Nigerian interior. Nigerian interior. In1885 British claims to a West African In1885 British claims to a West African

sphere of influence received sphere of influence received internationalinternational

In 1900 the company's territory came In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British under the control of the British Government, which moved to Government, which moved to

consolidate its hold over the area of consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeriamodern Nigeria

CHANGES OCCURCHANGES OCCUR 1901 Nigeria became a British 1901 Nigeria became a British

protectorate.protectorate. In 1914, the area was formally united as In 1914, the area was formally united as

the the Colony and Protectorate of NigeriaColony and Protectorate of Nigeria. . Administratively Nigeria remained Administratively Nigeria remained

divided into the northern and southern divided into the northern and southern provinces and Lagos colony. provinces and Lagos colony.

Western education and the development Western education and the development of a modern economy proceeded more of a modern economy proceeded more rapidly in the South than in the North, rapidly in the South than in the North, with consequences felt in Nigeria's with consequences felt in Nigeria's political life ever sincepolitical life ever since

CHANGE IN CHANGE IN GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Following World War II, in response Following World War II, in response to the growth of Nigerian to the growth of Nigerian nationalism and demands for nationalism and demands for independence, independence,

successive constitutions legislated successive constitutions legislated by the British Government moved by the British Government moved

Nigeria toward self-government on a Nigeria toward self-government on a representative and increasingly representative and increasingly federal basisfederal basis

COLONIALISMCOLONIALISM

By middle of the 20th century, when By middle of the 20th century, when the great wave for independence the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa was sweeping across Africa

The Igbos were generally regarded The Igbos were generally regarded as more Westernized than other as more Westernized than other ethnic groups.ethnic groups.

OUTCOME OF OUTCOME OF COLONIALSIMCOLONIALSIM

The British Monarch was still head The British Monarch was still head of state but legislative power was of state but legislative power was vested in a bicameral parliament, vested in a bicameral parliament, executive power in a prime minister executive power in a prime minister and cabinet, and judicial authority in and cabinet, and judicial authority in a Federal Supreme Court.a Federal Supreme Court.

In October 1963 Nigeria proclaimed In October 1963 Nigeria proclaimed itself a Federal Republic itself a Federal Republic

Connections to the NovelConnections to the Novel

Connections to Connections to Things Things Fall ApartFall Apart

In In Things Fall Things Fall ApartApart colonization colonization comes into comes into Nigeria and Nigeria and disturbs their disturbs their lifestyle in many lifestyle in many ways; including ways; including religion, justice, religion, justice, and social habits. and social habits.

Connection to ReligionConnection to Religion The religion in the novel The religion in the novel

revolves around worship revolves around worship of spirits, when the of spirits, when the Christian missionaries Christian missionaries come they condemn the come they condemn the old religion.old religion.

““We have been sent by We have been sent by this great God to ask this great God to ask you to leave your wicked you to leave your wicked ways and false gods and ways and false gods and turn to him so that you turn to him so that you may be saved when you may be saved when you die,” (Achebe, 120.)die,” (Achebe, 120.)

Connection to JusticeConnection to Justice

A new and strange A new and strange authority comes to authority comes to Nigeria, the District Nigeria, the District Commissioner, and Commissioner, and he hears cases in a he hears cases in a court.court.

Colonialism also Colonialism also brings brings KotmaKotma, or , or court messengers, court messengers, and they enforce the and they enforce the Commissioners will.Commissioners will.

Connections to Justice Connections to Justice Cont.Cont.

New “white man’s court” decides on issues such New “white man’s court” decides on issues such as land disputes and behavior toward priests.as land disputes and behavior toward priests.

““What has happened to the piece of land in What has happened to the piece of land in dispute? asked Okonkwo. dispute? asked Okonkwo. ‘The white man’s court has decided ‘The white man’s court has decided that it should belong to Nnama’s family, who that it should belong to Nnama’s family, who had given much money to the white man’s had given much money to the white man’s messengers and interpreter.’ messengers and interpreter.’ ‘Does the white man understand our ‘Does the white man understand our custom about land?’ custom about land?’ ‘How can he when he does ‘How can he when he does not even speak our tongue?” (Achebe, 144.)not even speak our tongue?” (Achebe, 144.)

Connection to Social Connection to Social HabitsHabits

The colonists don’t have The colonists don’t have the same social taboosthe same social taboos

They accept They accept OsuOsu, , women, children, twins, women, children, twins, and other abominationsand other abominations

These people were These people were usually not equal to usually not equal to men, so to accept them men, so to accept them was unheard ofwas unheard of

The church made these The church made these people feel accepted people feel accepted and loved, and this and loved, and this brought many to the brought many to the churchchurch

Connection to Social Habits Connection to Social Habits Cont.Cont.

(Mr. Kiaga speaking to an outcast (Mr. Kiaga speaking to an outcast wanting to enter the church) “Unless wanting to enter the church) “Unless you shave off the mark of your heathen you shave off the mark of your heathen belief I will not admit you into the belief I will not admit you into the church, you fear that you will die. Why church, you fear that you will die. Why should that be? How are you different should that be? How are you different from other men who shave their hair? from other men who shave their hair? The same God created you and them. The same God created you and them. But they have cast you out like leapers.” But they have cast you out like leapers.” (Achebe, 131.)(Achebe, 131.)

Connections to our Connections to our ResearchResearch

The overall effect on the culture was terrible. The overall effect on the culture was terrible. They lost most some of their traditions, and They lost most some of their traditions, and that’s not fair to their culture. that’s not fair to their culture.

Examples of institutions are the church, jail, Examples of institutions are the church, jail, and courthouse.and courthouse.

In the novel their intent was to convert and In the novel their intent was to convert and exploit the Nigerian people, and they exploit the Nigerian people, and they achieved this.achieved this.

The impact of the Christian missionaries was The impact of the Christian missionaries was significant because in the novel it all started significant because in the novel it all started with a new religion being introduced by the with a new religion being introduced by the priests priests

Works CitedWorks Cited Achebe, Chinua. Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart: And Related Things Fall Apart: And Related

Readings.Readings. Illinois: McDougal Littell, 2002 Illinois: McDougal Littell, 2002 http://http://

athena.english.vt.edu/~carlisle/Postcolonial/Coathena.english.vt.edu/~carlisle/Postcolonial/Colonialism_Africa.htmllonialism_Africa.html

http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialishttp://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/m/

http://http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/OPs/Pedersonwww.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect3.html/html/contents/sect3.html

http://www.wsws.org/sections/category/history/http://www.wsws.org/sections/category/history/h-h- africa.shtmlafrica.shtml