Unit 1Colonial Settlement

Spanish Exploration of the New World

Christopher Columbus

Ponce de Leon

Christopher Columbus Wanted to take advantage of the great

riches in China, thought he could sail straight across the Atlantic Ocean

Convinced the King and Queen of Spain to fund his journey across the ocean

Discovered land on October 12, 1492 Although Native Americans occupied

the new land, Columbus had paved the way for exploration and colonization of the Americas

Ponce de Leon Born in Spain, was a part of Columbus’s

2nd voyage to the Americas Discovered the island of Puerto Rico

and became governor, two years later the king of Spain replaced him with Columbus’s son

Because of the king’s actions, Ponce de Leon set sail again

He landed in what is now St. Augustine, Florida, and claimed the land for Spain

Colonies Map

Early English Settlements England and Spain had been

heading toward war for years. They were rivals in nearly every

category. Religion, territory, exploration.

The English finally achieved victory in 1604 and defeated the Spanish Armada.

England was now free to start colonies in North America, Spanish Naval Dominance was over.

Lost Colony of Roanoke

The first attempt at an English colony on Roanoke Island (coast of North Carolina) in 1585.

After two years, Captain John White decided to return to England for more supplies.

Upon return with more supplies, he had discovered that everyone was gone.

The only clue they found was the word Croatoan. The colonists were never seen again.

Roanoke- Quick Facts

• Why did they come? –In search for a better life.• It was the first colony in the new world, located on an Island near the coast of

North Carolina.• The land was first explored by the English in 1585. They reported there were

fish, animals, fruits, vegetables, and friendly Natives.• Captain John White and over 100 English settlers came and formed the

colony, even introduced the first English child born in the New World, Virginia• Supplies were low and there were few farmers on the ships.• White went back to England to get more supplies. • Due to the war with Spain, he didn’t return to Roanoke for another 3 years.

When he returned, Roanoke was completely empty, and no one knows what happened.

Learn more about the mystery of Roanoke

Life in Roanoke

• The colonists brought fatal diseases with them to the new land.• Very harsh winters.• Lots of land for hunting and farming, but many of the colonists

were not experienced doing either.• Friendly Natives close by to trade with.• Few supplies.• They made brick out of clay for housing, and also used wood for

cabins.• Not much else is known about life in Roanoke due to the lack of

survivors.

Jamestown- quick facts

• Why did they come? –In search of gold.• In 1607, 105 wealthy men came from England to the

New World and settled in Virginia.• Jamestown was named after King James of England.• Jamestown was unknowingly formed on a marsh

(wet, low-lying land that is poorly drained).• They created a fort surrounding the settlement for

protection. • This is where the famous John Smith settled, who

was befriended by the Native American, Pocahontas.

Jamestown

Jamestown

Jamestown became the first permanent English colony.

The town almost didn’t succeed. After a hard winter and Captain John Smith’s return to England, the colony failed to stockpile enough food. By early 1608 only 38 people were still alive.

When Tobacco from the West Indies was introduced it became a commercial success and guaranteed that Jamestown would survive.

Life in Jamestown• Diseases continued to spread .• Winters were harsh.• The women were responsible for gardening, smoking

meat, milking cows, making clothes and cleaning . They would can food and spin and weave thread.

• The men were responsible for planting crops, building fences, and butchering cattle and hogs.

• They never found real gold, but they grew tobacco which became very popular and valuable.

Take a look at life in the beginning years of Jamestown

Jamestown

Captain John Smith was an experienced soldier and explorer. He became the governor of Jamestown.

Pocahontas did NOT marry John Smith. She married his successor John Rolfe.

http://stricklandinternational.com/websites/caledoniankitchen/real-pocahontas-and-john-smith-8012.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rlvuh8msy7M/TZnFbIPVl5I/AAAAAAAAAME/E1DDs8h84iM/s1600/Pocahontas.jpg

The Real Pocahontas and John Smith

Pocahontas

The marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe in 1614 was followed by eight years of peace between the Native Americans and the English. When the Rolfes went to England, Pocahontas was received with royal honor by King James I and Queen Anne. When Pocahontas died of smallpox in 1617, Thomas Rolfe (her son), was educated in England. Upon Thomas’s return to Virginia, he became an important settler. Today many prominent Virginians claim to be his descendents.

Pilgrims and Puritans Unlike the Jamestown settlers

the next major wave of settlers came to the Americas searching for Religious Freedom.

The two major groups were the; Puritans: They wanted to

reform the Anglican Church (Church of England).

Separatists: They wanted to set up their own churches.

Mayflower Compact

They Mayflower’s passengers planned to settle in the Virginia colony. Instead they made land fall at Cape Cod.

Before they made landfall they all signed The Mayflower Compact which they agreed to follow all laws passed and establish a civil body politic. Basically this is a foundation for a

representative government. Where people give up some of their freedoms for the greater good.

Plymouth- Quick Facts

• Why did they come? –For religious freedom.• The 3rd English colony.• Founded by English Separatists (people who

refused to be apart of the Church of England), also known as “Pilgrims.”

• Came on the Mayflower in 1620 and landed in Massachusetts.

• The Pilgrims came to Plymouth in the winter. Nearly half died within the first few months due to disease and starvation.

• The Pawtuxet tribe taught them how to plant corn, catch fish, and make maple syrup.

• The Pilgrims made a peace treaty with the Wampanoag's tribe. They celebrated the harvest together in the fall. We call this Thanksgiving Day.

www.newton.k12.ks.us/tech/13colonies.htm

Help From the Indians

During their first winter in Cape Cod nearly ½ of the settlers died from malnutrition and exposure.

In the spring some Native Americans befriended the remaining colonists.

Squanto and Samoset, showed the Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins and where to hunt and fish.

The Pilgrims also signed a treaty with Massasoit one of the major tribal leaders, and lived in harmony…

Life in Plymouth

• Disease prevalent.• Harsh winters.• The people were mainly farmers.• They kept pigs, cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens. The animals provided

meat, eggs, milk, and wool for clothing.. • The men worked in the fields all day and grew crops like corn.• Women cleaned, milked cows, made soap, cooked, cared for the children

and made clothes. • Children helped their parents and learned to work at a very young age.

http://spitballarmy.com/?p=10412

New Settlements

In 1625 the other large group of people came seeking religious freedom, and to establish a society based on the bible.

These people were the Puritans. John Winthrop, became the

colony governor. They settled in Boston.

During the 1630’s more than 15,000 Puritans moved to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and hard economic times in England. This became known as the Great Migration.

Expansions into Connecticut and Rhode

Island Some of the colonists

did not like the way Winthrop was running the colony. They moved to close

areas to establish their own colonies (Connecticut and into Rhode Island.)

More Religious Freedom Some people felt that their

religious freedom was even challenged in America. They didn’t want a religious government, they only wanted to practice anyway that they chose to.

This allowed for more and more colonies to begin to form in North East America.

Conflict with the Natives

With the Europeans continually increasing in numbers, and expanding their colonial presence there was also many conflicts with the Native Americans.

New colonies would move into Native land without permission or payment.

Many battles occurred between the colonists and the Indians resulting in deaths on both sides.

Religious Freedom

Take out a separate piece of binder paper. Write ½ a page explaining why having freedom of religion is important.

Write another ½ a page about what happens when people try to force their own religious views on others.

Discussion questions… What similarities did you notice

between and across colonies? What are some differences? Which colony would you want to live

in? Why?

http://www.sjsapush.com/ch2.php www.teacher-web.comwww.lost-colony.com

Roanoke

Plymouth Jamestown

Create a triple Venn Diagram for the 3 colonies!

Roanoke

Jamestown

Plymouth

New England Colonies

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut

Most wanted religious freedom

Towns grew along the coast

Ship building, fishing, and small farms

Middle Colonies

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware

Grew a lot of food, especially wheat

Natural resources attracted many to these colonies(Pennsylvania's founder was a Quaker name William Penn)

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Full of plantations to grow cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.

Settlers who were not wealthy enough to own a plantation became subsistence farmers

Slavery Most slaves worked and lived

on Plantations. Some worked inside the house (house slaves), but most were used for physical labor.

Slaves were often whipped, or hung for breaking the established rules. Those who ran away were usually killed.

A majority of southerners did NOT own slaves.

Colony Settlement Reasons Founded Founders or Leaders

New England Colonies

Massachusetts 1620 Religious Freedom John Winthrop

New Hampshire 1620 Profit from trade and Fishing Ferdinando Gorges, John Mason

Rhode Island 1636 Religious Freedom Roger Williams

Connecticut 1635 Profit from fur trade, farming; religious and political freedom

Thomas Hooker

Middle Colonies

New York 1624 Expand trade Dutch Settlers

Delaware 1638 Expand trade Swedish Settlers

New Jersey 1638 Profit from selling land John Berkeley, George Carteret

Pennsylvania 1682 Profit from selling land; religious freedom William Penn

Southern Colonies

Virginia 1607 Expand trade John Smith

Maryland 1634 To sell land; religious freedom Cecil Calvert

North Carolina 1660s Profit from trade and selling land Group of Eight Aristocrats

South Carolina 1670 Profit from trade and selling land Group of eight aristocrats

Georgia 1733 Religious freedom; protection against Spanish Florida; safe home for debtors.

Life in the Colonies The population of the

Colonies expanded greatly. From 250,000 in 1700 to 2,500,000 people in 1770.

Large influxes of immigration, as well as people having LARGE families led to this population growth.

All colonies sustained themselves through farming.

Colonial Life

The culture in the colonies began to drastically change from that in England.

A colonial farm was both a home and a workplace.

Mothers and fathers raised children, Women Cooked, made butter and

cheese, prepared food. Make clothes, raised chickens and cows. They also worked in the fields next to their husbands.

MenHeads of the house, managed the farms and represented the family in the community.

Youth in the Colonies

The colonies sons and daughters often became apprentices of someone else. They learned a trade, or became more

specialized in the workforce. Most colonists valued education. The

children were usually taught to read and write at home by the parents.

New laws began to pass in some colonies that ensured there was access to public schools. These schools were almost always ran and

taught by women. Why is it important that they went to

school?