collation of research on the impact of art, culture and creative industries in africa
DESCRIPTION
The AfricanCreative Economy - Arts, Culture and CreativeIndustry Research in AfricaTRANSCRIPT
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
© CAJ, 2009 Page 1 of 292
Research into the Impact of the Arts
& Creative Industries on Africa’s
Economy
An Arterial Network Project
Delivered by Agoralumiere International in partnership with CAJ
Funded by: DOEN, STROMME, and the Nigerian
Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Culture, Arts and Jobs
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
© CAJ, 2009 Page 2 of 292
The African Creative Economy
Arts, Culture and Creative Industry Research in Africa
Research sources, key institutions and annotated bibliography of the
creative economy in Africa
Deliverable 2: The collation of existing research material on the impact of the art and creative industries on Africa’s Economy over the last five years
Deliverable 2 of the Research project is prepared by © CAJ 2009
Postnet 193, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, 2041, Johannesburg, South Africa, Ph: +27-11-487-2507 Cell: +27-83-229-6072
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
© CAJ, 2009 Page 3 of 292
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY.................................................................................... 5
LIST OF DOCUMENTS BY YEAR................................................................................. 12
AFRICA: GENERAL WEBSITES................................................................................... 63
NATIONAL CULTURAL POLICIES IN AFRICA ........................................................ 64
CULTURAL POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN SELECTIVE AFRICAN COUNTRIES .. 65
AFRICA, CARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC COUNTRIES.................................................. 69
AFRICA CONTINENT .................................................................................................... 70
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOCUMENTS ................................................................ 83
EAST AFRICA DOCUMENTS........................................................................................ 87
SADC................................................................................................................................. 87
WEST AFRICA................................................................................................................. 91
BOTSWANA ..................................................................................................................... 93
DRC ................................................................................................................................... 93
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
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GHANA ............................................................................................................................. 94
KENYA.............................................................................................................................. 95
MALI................................................................................................................................. 96
NAMIBIA.......................................................................................................................... 96
NIGERIA........................................................................................................................... 97
SENEGAL ......................................................................................................................... 99
SOUTH AFRICA ............................................................................................................ 101
TANZANIA DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................... 125
UGANDA......................................................................................................................... 125
ZAMBIA.......................................................................................................................... 126
ZIMBABWE.................................................................................................................... 128
LIST OF DOCUMENTS BY NAME.............................................................................. 130
LIST OF DOCUMENTS BY COUNTRY ...................................................................... 181
LIST OF DOCUMENTS BY AREA OF INTEREST (SECTORS)............................... 244
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
© CAJ, 2009 Page 5 of 292
Background to the Study
Arterial Network The Arterial Network put out a project call for research into the Impact of the Arts on Africa’s Economy. As this call explains, arts and culture are often marginalised in Africa and are seen to have little impact on developmental issues of poverty eradication, job creation, rural and urban development or community livelihoods let alone on economic considerations of GDP, employment and earnings.
The aims of the overall project: The aims are therefore to:
1. Identify African researchers in the field of the arts economy and provide them additional skills, training and mentoring to become increasingly proficient in researching and presenting the case for the economic and developmental value of the arts in the African context
2. Initiate ongoing research into the African arts economy, to publish related documentation and reports on an annual basis and generally to produce the research required to inform arguments in favour of the creative sector on the Continent.
3. Produce the information and analysis that would feed into annual conferences on the arts and the African economy as a way of increasing public and private support for the arts on the Continent.
The deliverables of this research project are:
a. To collate all the research that has been done on the theme of the economic impact of the arts and creative industries in Africa in the last five years
b. To train Africa-based researchers who can undertake such research in the short, medium and long term and
c. To conduct research into the contribution of the Arts and creative industries in one or two African countries or regions.
CAJ’s work: Agoralumiere International in partnership with CAJ responded to this call and was awarded the opportunity to provide the required services.
a. Avril Joffe from CAJ conducted training of African-based researchers in the required research skills for creative economy investigation and measurement of the impact of the creative economy. The purpose of this training is to equip Africa-based researchers with the necessary skills to undertake such research in the short, medium and long term. The training was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for researchers from the
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
© CAJ, 2009 Page 6 of 292
DRC and from Nigeria. These two countries were chosen for this first round of investigation into the creative economies.
b. To collate all the research that has been done on the theme of the economic impact of the arts and creative industries in Africa in the last five years. CAJ was tasked with this assignment which is the subject of this report. CAJ has interpreted this brief to include the compilation of a comprehensive list of writing about creative arts and creative industries in African in the last 5 year. Further details of the report are contained in the following sections.
Methodology of the Report on the Collation of the research
The brief was fulfilled by a desktop review of available research on the Creative Industries generally and on each of the sub-sectors of creative industries.
• Initially all documents and reports in the CAJ library were classified and summarised.
• Secondly, a call to the Arterial Network went out which resulted in a number of new reports and documents.
• Thirdly, leads were followed up from organisations, agencies, institutions and individuals in the broader creative industry sector principally in South Africa and finally, extensive searches were conducted on the internet.
CAJ decided to extend the brief to beyond the 5 years to include all key works since 2000 and some from the late 1990s. This was to provide a more comprehensive listing of writings and documentation of the creative economy in Africa and to ensure that key texts from before 2004 were reflected. Not surprisingly the work is a little like the proverbial length of a string. At some point a decision needed to be made to stop searching, stop writing and stop classifying. There is no doubt that this report cannot in any way claim to represent the totality of what is available. The section below on the challenges of collecting and collating resources on the creative economy in Africa elaborates on this further.
1. Construct a comprehensive bibliography
The first task was to collect all reports written on the creative industries generally and on each of the sub-sectors of the creative industries and to organise these by date and by sector. These were sourced from known authors and from consultants and associates in CAJ’s extensive network.
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
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The brief was fulfilled by a desktop review of available research on the Creative Industries generally and on each of the sub-sectors of creative industries.
2. Compile a comprehensive list of writing about creative arts and creative industries in African in the last 5 year. Where possible the report contains the following information on each study (report, document, presentation, newspaper article, etc) with the following headings.
1. Title
2. Author
3. Commissioning agent
4. Purpose
5. Date
6. Country
7. Website
8. Summary of report
9. Key words
Headings only appear in the narrative where information is available. The tables on the other hand have all fields reflected. Challenges in documenting resources available about creative industries, arts and culture and creative economy in Africa Official and public documentation of reports and papers on the creative industries in Africa is simply absent. While there may well be reports and publications in African countries which remain either in handwritten or printed form these do not make their way into the public realm. It is part of the African Union’s programme to transfer existing material in physical form into economic form for easy public access. Very few organisations post their reports and research findings on their own websites (where they have these) even when they are public bodies or government funded. Consultant reports are kept either by the consultant or by the commissioning agent. Very few of these are available to the public. Were it not for the extensive library and network of CAJ very few of these would be reflected in the report below. As a result very few documents have URL links. It should be assumed that where documents are summarised they exist in hard copy in CAJ’s library. While some are in soft copy (as a word document, a pdf or a PowerPoint presentation) a future task of the Arterial Network would be to scan all those papers and reports that have
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been collected by CAJ and others at conferences, meetings, or whilst conducting research for different organisations. Many of the 200 or so articles, documents or news pieces reflected below were collected over the years by CAJ as research into various aspects of the creative industries, creative economy and cultural policy research were undertaken. This reflects a key weakness in our knowledge system here on the African continent. Many organisational websites are not up to date or even when they are do not post research done in preparation for policy or strategic intervention. Thus, even where the research is known about, it cannot be found in the public domain. This research is kept privatised by the organisation and unless either the research or the relevant consultants or advisors were known to CAJ, this work is then not reflected. It should be noted that the more time was spend on exploring bibliographies, links in websites or leads from individuals, the more was found. Not all the short articles are reflected although many of these are worth reading. Links to their websites are provided below. Researchers, cultural practitioners, creatives, policy analysts etc are encouraged to use these websites continually and to forward any links/ articles to the Arterial Network to keep this information up-to-date. In many respects this document and particularly the form it takes as a web resource must be a living document. The current list of resources reflects that which was found during this assignment. There is no doubt that more is out there. With more time, more connections made, more visibility as to its usefulness and more ‘buy-in’ from organisations, practitioners, policy analysts, creators that more resources, documents, reports, and links will be sent through to the Arterial Network. Keeping this list of web resources alive should become a permanent feature of the work of the Arterial Network. The consequence of this ‘privatisation’ of resources is that the research reflected below relates only to that where CAJ has been directly or indirectly connected to a project or where other respondents to the call for research (particularly the members of the Arterial Network) have had access. It is therefore a key recommendation of this work that the Arterial Network support the making public of research about the creative economy of Africa by:
a) Updating this work periodically
b) Encouraging creative industry organisations and practitioners, creative sector individuals and organisations we well as officials working in arts and culture government departments to regularly send through research or documents prepared
c) Offering to ‘house’ research completed on its website and makes it available to all creative sector practitioners, advisors, experts and organisations
d) Collaborate with other organisations, in particular IFACCA and the OCPA but also UNESCO and UNCTAD to ‘share’ resources, documents, and reports etc with the Arterial Network as these websites
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
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e) Providing links to websites which regularly feature editorials or guest pieces on creative industries
f) The use of shared Google docs to allow individuals/ organisation easy transmission of their personal libraries and resources.
For this assignment, available reports, news pieces and documents were classified, summarised and searched for on the internet in order to provide a more transparent mechanism for locating the original texts. CAJ decided to sort the pieces by name, by country, by year and by sector. Documents from before 2004 have been included where they are seminal or significant pieces or precursors to other research. While there is no doubt that some reports/ texts and documents are more useful than others, little attempt was made to impose a selection on the items. Reports, documents and policy statements from the range of international organisations reflected below reveal a sameness of language, identification of trends and recommendations for support to the creative economies. Very few reports are from grassroots practitioners. Absent are analyses of what has been done, what was successful and why. Future phases of this ongoing research project will need to develop a more systematic classification system ensuring that yet to be implemented policies for instance are accorded less significance than evaluation of the impact of existing policies, or public advocacy addresses by influential people are sorted separately to the voice of people on the ground directly experiencing the policies, the support or the developments. Feedback from the website users will be an important barometer of the usefulness of resources. There are different ways to ‘slice’ the information. In the text the information is presented in a table format by year. The appendices have the tables with the information ‘sliced’ by name, by country, by sector. These lists reveal different limitations depending on how it has been sliced.
1. When sliced by year it reveals a slight increase in published material in recent years although these are still extremely few given the rich culture and diversity of our continent’s cultural and creative assets.
2. When sliced by country it reveals the disproportionate quantity of information resources from South Africa and also highlights the need for translation. Very few French texts were collected; no Portuguese or Arabic texts were collected. A recommendation to Arterial Network would be to raise funds to have translators reviewing what web-users say are the most useful texts. At a minimum, the summaries provided here should be translated into French, Portuguese and Arabic. In addition, this slice by country
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
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also shows the extent to which international agencies report on Africa or developing countries without differentiation.
3. When sliced by sector it reveals a paucity of information in some of our key sectors such as performing arts and dance, design and all forms of live arts. Unfortunately the bias of CAJ’s work in the film, music and craft industries is revealed in the disproportionate number of resources in these sectors which have been collected over years of work in the sector.
There is no doubt that a further slicing of the sectors themselves will allow researchers, practitioners and policy makers and advisors to go the core of the subject they are investigating. For example the sector music should be sliced further to reveal genres, piracy, recorded vs. live music, equipment, intellectual property issues, artists, concerts and festivals. This could perhaps be part of the brief for future reviews. The sector called ‘Cross-Cutting’, for instance, could be ‘sliced’ further to reveal documents about the creative economy, human resource development and so on. In addition further work on this and new lists will need to be more systematic about the differentiations within the sectors especially in relation to policy, project implementation and funding and sponsorships. Many texts talk to all of these in one report but for this first cut, only the dominant subject has been captured. The list of key words for each document shows the range of subjects covered in the respective reports. It is also worth noting that in this listing only 13 of Africa’s 52 countries have articles specific to that country. This is clearly not an accurate picture of the reality. What it does indicate however is the lack of visibility of writing about the creative economy and creative arts both amongst Africa-based practitioners and experts associated with various networks as well as the limitations of on-line resources for many African countries. In the narrative section, documents and reports are presented according to the country they speak about. Where countries cover more than one country in Africa they are located under the following country headings, whichever is the more appropriate:
• ACP
• Africa
• Developing Countries
• East Africa
• SADC
• West Africa
If there are many documents or reports (such as under the heading Africa and South Africa), documents and reports are listed by year. Included below is a section on national cultural policies in Africa.
Arterial Network’s Bibliography for the Creative Economy in Africa
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ton,
D
C
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldba
nk.o
rg/in
tcee
rd/
reso
urce
s/cw
i_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
afric
a_s
ynop
sis.
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
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reat
ive
Eco
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y in
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age
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f 292
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e Ti
tle
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mis
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nt
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soci
ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Sel
igm
an,
Geo
rge
The
Mar
ket
for
Afri
can
Mus
ic
Wor
ld B
ank
Wor
ksho
p on
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
th
e m
usic
in
dust
ry
in
Afri
ca,
spon
sore
d by
th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d th
e P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre,
Inc,
W
ashi
ngto
n,
DC
A
fric
a 20
01
mus
ic
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldba
nk.o
rg/in
tcee
rd/
reso
urce
s/cw
i_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
afric
a_s
ynop
sis.
Sen
. Am
arty
a
Wha
t's t
he u
se
of m
usic
? Th
e ro
le
of
the
mus
ic
indu
stry
in A
frica
W
orld
Ban
k
Wor
ksho
p on
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
th
e m
usic
in
dust
ry
in
Afri
ca,
spon
sore
d by
th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d th
e P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre,
Inc,
W
ashi
ngto
n,
DC
A
fric
a 20
01
mus
ic
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldba
nk.o
rg/in
tcee
rd/
reso
urce
s/cw
i_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
afric
a_s
ynop
sis.
Spe
cial
co
rres
pond
ent,
Lago
s A
mov
ie i
ndus
try i
n se
arch
of
inve
stor
s A
ll A
frica
.com
al
lafri
ca.c
om
Nig
eria
20
01
Film
ht
tp://
alla
frica
.com
/sto
ries/
2001
0619
0023
.ht
ml
Stru
mpf
, Mitc
hel
Info
rmal
m
usic
tr
aini
ng
in
early
ch
ildho
od
mus
ical
de
velo
pmen
t U
NE
SC
O
Pap
er
pres
ente
d at
th
e A
frica
n R
egio
nal
Arts
E
duca
tion
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
18 o
f 292
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e Ti
tle
Com
mis
sion
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Age
nt
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pose
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soci
ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Con
fere
nce
in
port
Eliz
abet
h,
Sou
th A
fric
a
The
D
evel
opm
ent
Res
earc
h G
roup
on
In
tern
atio
nal
Tra
de
Wor
ksho
p on
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
th
e m
usic
in
dust
ry in
Afri
ca
Wor
ld B
ank
Par
ticip
ants
in
clud
e A
mar
tya
Sen
, P
aul
Col
lier,
J M
icha
el
Fing
er,
Fran
k P
enna
, D
avid
S
arye
k,
Ger
ard
Sel
igm
an,
John
C
ollin
s,
Coe
nraa
d V
isse
r, Je
rom
e R
eich
man
, P
hil
Har
dy,
Sco
tt B
urne
tt,
Kei
th
Mas
kus
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldba
nk.o
rg/IN
TCE
ER
D/R
esou
rces
/CW
I_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
Afri
ca_s
ynop
sis.
Tsh
ikuk
u,
Kab
eya
Cul
ture
, E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
and
Dev
elop
men
t in
Afri
ca
CR
DI/I
DR
C, U
NE
SC
O
Pap
er
pres
ente
d to
th
e In
tern
atio
nal
Con
fere
nce
on
the
Cul
tura
l A
ppro
ach
to
Dev
elop
men
t in
A
frica
, S
eneg
al
by
Pro
f Ts
hiku
ku
from
In
stitu
t de
R
eche
rche
s E
cono
mon
ique
s et
S
ocia
les
(IRE
S)
Afr
ica
2001
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
://un
pan1
.un.
org/
intra
doc/
grou
ps/p
ubli
c/do
cum
ents
/idep
/unp
an00
3349
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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19 o
f 292
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e Ti
tle
Com
mis
sion
ing
Age
nt
Pur
pose
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soci
ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Uni
vers
ite
de
Kin
shas
a
Bal
lyn,
Joh
n
Enh
anci
ng M
arke
ting
Ski
lls
for A
rtist
s an
d A
rtisa
ns
ILO
AN
IT
C
conf
eren
ce
pape
r pr
epar
ed
for
the
Nat
iona
l W
orks
hop
orga
nise
d by
th
e IL
O
'Ent
erpr
ise
Dev
elop
men
t an
d E
mpl
oym
ent
in
the
Cul
tura
l S
ecto
r in
Za
mbi
a;
natio
nal
and
loca
l stra
tegi
es:
Zam
bia
2002
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
ht
tp://
ww
w.in
trace
n.or
g/C
reat
iveI
ndus
tries
/con
fere
nce_
pape
rs.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
20 o
f 292
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e Ti
tle
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mis
sion
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Age
nt
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ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Joffe
, A
The
prod
uctio
n of
cul
ture
: to
war
ds a
cre
ativ
e re
gion
IL
O
Pre
sent
atio
n to
IN
CD
S
outh
Afri
ca
2002
C
ross
-cut
ting
ww
w.in
cd.n
et/M
edia
/ILO
Pre
sent
atio
n.pp
t
Maz
onde
, I N
C
ultu
re
and
Pea
ce:
the
Sea
rch
for I
ndic
ator
s In
tern
atio
nal
Net
wor
k fo
r C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
Pre
sent
ed
at
the
INC
D
mee
ting
in
Cap
e To
wn,
A
utho
r fro
m
Uni
vers
ity
of
Bot
swan
a
Afr
ica
2002
in
dica
tors
&
m
easu
rem
ent
Mon
ica
New
ton
Nat
iona
l C
raft
Imbi
zo
Wor
ksho
p Fi
nal R
epor
t D
epar
tmen
t of
A
rts
and
Cul
ture
B
eaut
iful T
hing
s E
xhib
ition
S
outh
Afri
ca
2002
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
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J, 2
009
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mis
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nt
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ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
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r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Moy
o, D
ixon
An
Act
ion
rese
arch
on
S
mal
l E
nter
pris
e D
evel
opm
ent
and
Job
Cre
atio
n in
th
e C
ultu
ral
Sec
tor
ILO
Zam
bia
2002
cr
oss
cutti
ng
Pag
niet
, G
eral
dine
Th
e cu
ltura
l in
dust
ries
and
deve
lopm
ent
AC
P
in
The
Cou
rier
AC
P-E
U n
o 19
4 S
epte
mbe
r -
Oct
ober
, 200
2 D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2002
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
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.eur
opa.
eu/d
evel
opm
ent/b
ody/
publ
icat
ins/
cour
ier/c
ourie
r194
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en-0
42-
ni.p
df
SA
DC
P
roto
col
on
cultu
re,
info
rmat
ion
and
spor
t S
AD
C
SA
DC
S
AD
C
2002
po
licy
http
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ww
.tral
ac.o
rg/s
crip
ts/c
onte
nt.p
hp?i
d=43
7
Sha
karo
ngo,
B
rian
Che
ngel
a
Cou
ntry
repo
rt on
the
stat
us
of
copy
right
an
d ne
ighb
ourin
g rig
hts
in
Zam
bia
WIP
O
Pre
sent
ed
at
WIP
O
sym
posi
um,
Lilo
ngw
e,
Mal
awi
Zam
bia
2002
In
telle
ctua
l pr
oper
ty ri
ghts
The
Nam
ibia
n D
eser
t TV
on
the
Air
Nam
ibia
20
02
film
Unk
now
n
A
surv
ey
of
rese
arch
ou
tput
s fo
r th
e S
outh
A
frica
n M
usic
, C
raft,
Fi
lm
and
Tele
visi
on
and
publ
ishi
ng s
ecto
rs b
etw
een
1997
and
200
2 H
SR
C
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
HS
RC
C
ultu
ral
Obs
erva
tory
S
outh
Afri
ca
2002
C
ross
-cut
ting
ww
w.c
ultu
ralo
bser
vato
ry.o
rg.z
a/
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
22 o
f 292
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e Ti
tle
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mis
sion
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nt
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ount
ry
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r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
AC
P G
roup
Dak
ar
Dec
lara
tion
on
the
Pro
mot
ion
of A
CP
Cul
ture
s an
d C
ultu
ral I
ndus
tries
A
CP
AC
P
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
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ww
.acp
sec.
org/
acpf
estiv
al/a
cp83
006
03_D
akar
_Dec
lara
tion_
e.pd
f
AC
P G
roup
Pro
mot
ion
of
Cul
tura
l in
dust
ries/
R
egio
nal
coop
erat
ion
in t
he f
ield
of
cultu
re:
repo
rt on
the
mai
n co
nclu
sion
s A
CP
Tech
nica
l m
eetin
g 1s
t m
eetin
g of
AC
P
Min
iste
rs
of
Cul
ture
, W
orki
ng
Gro
up
11
AC
P
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
AC
P G
roup
Rep
ort o
f the
wor
king
gro
up
1 on
AC
P c
ultu
ral p
olic
y fo
r de
velo
pmen
t/ cu
ltura
l he
ritag
e A
CP
AC
P
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
A
frica
n B
ook
Col
lect
ive
and
the
Dag
H
amm
arsk
jold
F
ound
atio
n
Sch
olar
ly
publ
ishi
ng
in
Afri
ca
Afr
ica
2003
pu
blis
hing
Am
bert,
Cec
ile
The
Mus
ic
indu
stry
:
prom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l se
ctor
thr
ough
job
cre
atio
n an
d sm
all
ente
rpris
e de
velo
pmen
t in
the
SA
DC
co
untri
es
ILO
For
the
serie
s on
Upg
radi
ng in
sm
all e
nter
pris
e cl
uste
rs
and
Glo
bal
valu
e C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
Mus
ic
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
empe
nt/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=EN
&p_
prog
=S&
p_ca
tego
ry=P
UB
&p_
mod
e=P
RO
D&
p_la
ng=E
N&
p_ty
pe=W
P
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
23 o
f 292
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e Ti
tle
Com
mis
sion
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Age
nt
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pose
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soci
ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Avr
il Jo
ffe, C
AJ
Mea
surin
g C
ultu
re
– de
velo
pmen
ts
glob
ally
to
in
form
wha
t we
do lo
cally
H
SR
C a
nd D
AC
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
C
ultu
ral
Obs
erva
tory
by
H
SR
C
on
beha
lf of
DA
C
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Bol
nick
, Ste
ven
The
Eth
no-to
uris
m in
dust
ry:
prom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l se
ctor
thr
ough
job
cre
atio
n an
d sm
all
ente
rpris
e de
velo
pmen
t in
the
SA
DC
co
untri
es
ILO
Pro
mot
ing
cultu
re
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l bu
sine
ss
deve
lopm
ent
in
SA
DC
cou
ntrie
s pu
blis
hed
in t
he
serie
s on
U
pgra
ding
in
sm
all e
nter
pris
e cl
uste
rs
and
Glo
bal
valu
e C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
Eth
no-to
uris
m
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
empe
nt/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=EN
&p_
prog
=S&
p_ca
tego
ry=P
UB
&p_
mod
e=P
RO
D&
p_la
ng=E
N&
p_ty
pe=W
P
Bre
reto
n, K
ira
Gui
de
to
Pan
-Afr
ican
cu
ltura
l m
arke
ts,
prof
essi
onal
ne
twor
ks
and
rese
arch
reso
urce
s
Afri
can
Mar
ketp
lace
In
c,
Cul
tura
l E
ngin
eerin
g, In
c.
Afri
can
Mar
ketp
lace
In
c,
Cul
tura
l E
ngin
eerin
g,
Inc.
A
fric
a 20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
ww
w.c
ultu
rale
ngin
eerin
g.co
m/u
ploa
dfile
s/A
MP
_CE
%20
GU
IDE
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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009
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e Ti
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mis
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nt
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soci
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pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
City
of
Jo
hann
esbu
rg
Jobu
rg
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ry
Sec
tor S
copi
ng
City
of J
ohan
nesb
urg
Pre
pare
d by
M
onic
a N
ewto
n S
outh
Afri
ca
2003
in
dica
tors
an
d m
easu
rem
ent
Cre
ate
SA
S
kills
and
Res
ourc
es A
udit
M
appp
-Set
a,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
Pre
pare
d fo
r C
reat
e S
A,
a pr
ojec
t of
th
e M
appp
-Set
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2003
in
dica
tors
an
d m
easu
rem
ent
Cre
ateS
A
Nat
iona
l S
kills
an
d R
esou
rces
Aud
it 20
03
Cre
ateS
A
Cre
ateS
A
20
03
indi
cato
rs
and
mea
sure
men
t
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries
Cor
e T
eam
C
ultu
ral I
ndus
tries
Sec
tor
Wes
tern
C
ape
Gov
ernm
ent
Inpu
t pa
per
into
M
icro
-eco
nom
ic
Stra
tegy
for
the
W
este
rn C
ape
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
ww
w.a
mts
.co.
za/c
ultu
ral.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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©
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J, 2
009
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25 o
f 292
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nt
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pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Dea
con,
H
arrie
t,
Mng
qolo
, S
epha
i an
d P
rosa
lend
is,
San
dra
Title
: ‘P
rote
ctin
g ou
r cu
ltura
l ca
pita
l: A
res
earc
h pl
an f
or
the
Her
itage
Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
ing
Par
ty:
HR
SC
:
Soc
ial
Coh
esio
n an
d In
tegr
atio
n R
esea
rch
Pro
gram
me
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
at
the
HR
SC
co
mm
issi
oned
by
DA
C.
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
herit
age
Dev
elop
men
t P
olic
y R
esea
rch
Uni
t C
ultu
ral
Sta
tistic
s in
Sou
th
Afri
ca
HS
RC
, Sou
th A
frica
Pre
pare
d fo
r th
e H
SR
C
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
indi
cato
rs
and
mea
sure
men
t ht
tp://
ww
w.c
ultu
ralo
bser
vato
ry.o
rg.z
a/pd
f_f
iles/
econ
_of_
cultu
re.p
df
Har
oon
Bho
rat
and
Mei
-Chi
Lio
u
“The
Eco
nom
ics
of C
ultu
re
and
Cul
tura
l S
tatis
tics
in
Sou
th A
frica
”
Dev
elop
men
t P
olic
y R
esea
rch
Uni
t, U
nive
rsity
of
C
ape
Tow
n H
SR
C
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
indi
cato
rs
and
mea
sure
men
t w
ww
.cul
tura
lobs
erva
tory
.org
.za/
pdf_
files
/ec
on_o
f_cu
lture
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
26 o
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rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Har
riet
Dea
con,
S
epha
i M
ngqo
lo
and
San
dra
Pro
sale
ndis
‘Pro
tect
ing
our
cultu
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capi
tal:
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esea
rch
plan
for
th
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erita
ge S
ecto
r
Soc
ial
Coh
esio
n an
d In
tegr
atio
n R
esea
rch
Pro
gram
me
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
at
the
HR
SC
co
mm
issi
oned
by
DA
C.
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
herit
age
http
://w
ww
.hsr
cpre
ss.a
c/fu
ll_tit
le_i
nfo.
asp
?id=
2024
Joffe
, A
an
d Ja
cklin
, N
The
film
and
vid
eo in
dust
ry:
prom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l se
ctor
thr
ough
job
cre
atio
n an
d sm
all
ente
rpris
e de
velo
pmen
t in
the
SA
DC
co
untri
es
ILO
For
the
serie
s on
Upg
radi
ng in
sm
all e
nter
pris
e cl
uste
rs
and
Glo
bal
valu
e C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
film
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
empe
nt/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=EN
&p_
prog
=S&
p_ca
tego
ry=P
UB
&p_
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e=P
RO
D&
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ng=E
N&
p_ty
pe=W
P
Joffe
, A e
t al
Cul
tura
l D
iver
sity
an
d th
e im
pact
of g
loba
lizat
ion
HS
RC
, Sou
th A
frica
Pap
er p
repa
red
for
the
DA
C,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
(via
the
HS
RC
) as
a
posi
tion
pape
r fo
r D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
for
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l N
etw
ork
on
Cul
tura
l Pol
icy
D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2003
cu
ltura
l div
ersi
ty
http
://w
ww
.incp
-rip
c.or
g
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
27 o
f 292
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Age
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pr
ojec
t C
ount
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Yea
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rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Kai
ser
Ass
ocia
tes
Eco
nom
ic
Dev
elop
men
t P
ract
ice
Stra
tegi
c R
ecom
men
datio
ns
for
Indu
stry
D
evel
opm
ent
(Dis
cuss
ion
Gui
de)
CC
DI
S
outh
Afri
ca
2003
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
Koz
ul-W
right
, Z
eljk
a
Glo
baliz
atio
n ,
crea
tive
indu
strie
s an
d ec
onom
y de
velo
pmen
t: po
licy
chal
leng
es
for
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s U
NC
TAD
U
ncta
d an
d U
N
partn
ers
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s 20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Kris
tarfo
r, S
ean
and
Bud
hram
, M
esha
l
Driv
ing
the
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
in
the
Wes
tern
C
ape
The
Gra
duat
e S
choo
l of
B
usin
ess,
U
nive
rsity
of
C
ape
Tow
n
MB
A
Pro
gram
me
Stu
dy
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
ww
w.d
esig
nind
aba.
com
/adv
ocac
y/d
ownl
oads
/Driv
ing.
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
28 o
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rea
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rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Lebe
the,
A
The
Per
form
ing
Arts
an
d D
ance
: pr
omot
ing
the
Cul
tura
l se
ctor
thr
ough
job
cr
eatio
n an
d sm
all
ente
rpris
e de
velo
pmen
t in
th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
Ser
ies
on
'Upg
radi
ng
in
Sm
all
Ent
erpr
ise
Clu
ster
s an
d G
loba
l V
alue
C
hain
s', I
LO
SA
DC
20
03
perfo
rmin
g ar
ts
and
danc
e
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
empe
nt/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=EN
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prog
=S&
p_ca
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UB
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mod
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ng=E
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p_ty
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Mon
ica
New
ton
Wor
ksho
p R
epor
t of
th
e Fr
ee S
tate
Pro
vinc
ial
Cra
ft C
onfe
renc
e
Free
S
tate
D
epar
tmen
t of
S
port,
A
rts,
Cul
ture
, S
cien
ce
and
Tech
nolo
gy
S
outh
Afri
ca
2003
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
Oue
st
Afri
que
Eco
nom
ie
Wor
ld B
ank
stud
y of
Ivo
ry
Coa
st, S
eneg
al a
nd M
ali
Oue
st
Afri
que
Eco
nom
ie
W
est A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldba
nk.o
rg/IN
TCE
ER
D/R
esou
rces
/CW
I_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
Afri
ca_s
ynop
sis.
Sci
adas
, G
Mon
itorin
g th
e di
gita
l div
ide
and
beyo
nd
O
rbic
om
Afr
ica
2003
IC
T
The
Tr
inity
S
essi
on
The
visu
al a
rts a
nd c
rafts
se
ctor
: pr
omot
ing
the
cultu
ral
sect
or t
hrou
gh j
ob
crea
tion
and
smal
l en
terp
rise
deve
lopm
ent
in
the
SA
DC
cou
ntrie
s IL
O
For
the
ILO
se
ries
on
Upg
radi
ng
in
smal
l ent
erpr
ise
clus
ters
an
d gl
obal
va
lue
chai
ns
SA
DC
20
03
arts
and
cra
fts
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
empe
nt/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=EN
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prog
=S&
p_ca
tego
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e=P
RO
D&
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ng=E
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P
Yire
d Th
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wai
to
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an
indu
stry
ana
lysi
s Y
FM, S
outh
Afri
ca
Unp
ublis
hed
- su
mm
ary
avai
labl
e at
M
IO
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
mus
ic
http
://w
ww
/mio
.co.
za
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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29 o
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Age
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Yea
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Inte
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tors
W
ebsi
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Ald
en, C
hris
For
mos
t A
frica
ns,
Inte
rnet
ac
cess
is
little
mor
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an a
pi
pe d
ream
O
nlin
e Jo
urna
lism
R
evie
w
Onl
ine
Jour
nalis
m
Rev
iew
A
fric
a 20
04
ICT
http
://w
ww
.ojr.
org/
ojr/w
orkp
lace
/107
1092
68.p
hp
Dev
elop
men
t W
orks
Take
N
ote!
Th
e (R
e)na
issa
nce
of t
he m
usic
in
dust
ry
in
Sub
-Sah
aran
A
frica
U
NE
SC
O
Pap
er p
repa
red
for
The
Glo
bal
Alli
ance
fo
r C
ultu
ral
Div
ersi
ty:
Div
isio
n of
Arts
an
d C
ultu
ral
ente
rpris
e,
Une
sco,
Par
is
Afr
ica
2004
m
usic
EC
I Afri
ca
Bea
ds S
ub-S
ecto
r Stu
dy
Tour
ism
E
nter
pris
e P
roje
ct (
TEP
) an
d th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Tr
ade
and
Indu
strie
s (t
he
DTI
)
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
arts
and
cra
fts
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
30 o
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mis
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Age
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ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
EC
I Afri
ca
CE
RA
MIC
S
ub-s
ecto
r S
tudy
TE
P a
nd D
TI
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
EC
I Afri
ca
Gra
ss S
ub-S
ecto
r Stu
dy
TEP
& D
TI
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
EC
I Afri
ca
Wire
war
e S
ubse
ctor
Stu
dy
Tour
ism
E
nter
pris
e P
rogr
amm
e &
DTI
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
arts
and
cra
fts
EC
I Afri
ca
KZN
Cra
ft S
ub-s
ecto
r Stu
dy
Tour
ism
E
nter
pris
e P
rogr
amm
e an
d D
TI
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
31 o
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Age
nt
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pr
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ount
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Yea
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rea
of
Inte
rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Eve
G
ray
and
Ass
ocia
tes
Title
: Q
ualit
ativ
e R
esea
rch
for
Map
pp
Set
a S
ecto
r S
kills
Pla
n: t
he
publ
ishi
ng
sub-
sect
or
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: M
appp
Set
a
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
publ
ishi
ng
IFM
, Une
sco
Mus
icia
ns'
coop
erat
ives
: a
new
mod
el f
or d
evel
opin
g th
e A
frica
n m
usic
indu
stry
U
NE
SC
O
A
fric
a 20
04
Mus
ic
IIPI
Wes
t A
frica
and
Int
elle
ctua
l P
rope
rty: P
olic
y P
riorit
ies
to
Fost
er
Eco
nom
ic
Gro
wth
, P
ublic
Hea
lth a
nd C
ultu
re
IIPI
W
est A
frica
20
04
Inte
llect
ual
prop
erty
righ
ts
Joffe
, A
The
Sec
tor
Ski
lls P
lan:
Film
an
d Te
levi
sion
M
appp
-Set
a,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
A
rese
arch
re
port
prep
ared
fo
r th
e M
appp
-S
eta
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
film
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
32 o
f 292
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e Ti
tle
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mis
sion
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Age
nt
Pur
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soci
ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Joffe
, A
w
ith
rese
arch
in
put
from
Abd
oul S
ow
Em
ploy
men
t ge
nera
tion
and
Trad
e E
xpan
sion
in
C
reat
ive
Indu
strie
s:
the
case
of
the
film
, vi
deo
and
broa
dcas
t in
dust
ry
in
Sen
egal
IL
O
Pre
pare
d fo
r th
e IL
O
Sen
egal
20
04
film
Joffe
, A
vril
&
Nts
hilin
ga-
Kho
sa,
Ros
elin
e &
Wal
ters
, Lee
Ti
tle:
The
Adv
ertis
ing
Indu
stry
’s s
kill
need
s
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: N
tshi
ngila
-Kho
sa
and
Ass
ocia
tions
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
kills
Pla
n S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
ad
verti
sing
Joffe
, Avr
il (C
AJ)
Ti
tle: F
ilm a
nd V
ideo
Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: M
AP
PP
-SE
TA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r S
kills
P
lan
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
film
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
33 o
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pr
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t C
ount
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Yea
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Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Joffe
, A
vril
and
Moa
tlhod
i, Z
odw
a Ti
tle:
TV
and
Rad
io
Bro
adca
stin
g C
omm
issi
onin
g pa
rty:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r S
kills
P
lan
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
Film
Khu
lisa
Man
agem
ent
Ser
vice
s an
d E
ve
Gra
y an
d A
ssoc
iate
s
Qua
ntita
tive
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n fo
r M
appp
-Set
a S
ecto
r S
kills
Pla
n (S
SP
) M
appp
-Set
a
Map
pp-S
eta
sect
or
skill
s pl
an
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
cros
s cu
tting
Kro
mbe
rg, S
teve
P
ublis
hing
in A
frica
H
SR
C, S
outh
Afri
ca
Par
t of
th
e H
SR
C r
esea
rch
team
fo
r D
AC
ST
to
esta
blis
h a
cultu
ral
obse
rvat
ory
Afr
ica
2004
pu
blis
hing
Laba
llo,
Yol
isw
a K
oyo
(A
nam
azin
g W
orks
hop)
Title
: Fe
asib
ility
S
tudy
of
th
e S
outh
Afr
ican
Ani
mat
ion
sect
or
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: D
epar
tmen
t of
C
omm
unic
atio
ns
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
an
imat
ion
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
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Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
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ross
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appp
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pp-S
eta
sect
or
skill
s pl
an p
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outh
Afri
ca
2004
C
ross
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eria
l Net
wor
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liogr
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ebsi
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tlhod
i, Z
odw
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tle: T
he M
usic
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omm
issi
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arty
: M
AP
PP
-SE
TA
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ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r S
kills
P
lan
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th A
frica
20
04
Mus
ic
Mos
hito
M
usic
C
onfe
renc
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E
xhib
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Ti
tle: M
oshi
to ‘0
4
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mis
sion
ing
party
: M
oshi
to
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Con
fere
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&
Exh
ibiti
on
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
m
usic
Nts
hilin
ga-
Kho
sa,
Ros
elin
e an
d Jo
ffe, A
vril
Title
: Fu
ndin
g fo
r th
e C
reat
ive
Indu
strie
s;
Film
an
d E
lect
roni
c M
edia
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: N
tshi
ngila
-Kho
sa
and
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r S
kills
P
lan
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
fu
ndin
g an
d sp
onso
rshi
p
Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa, R
osel
ine
Title
: Des
ign
Sub
-Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: N
tshi
ngila
-Kho
sa
and
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
kills
Pla
n S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
D
esig
n
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
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age
36 o
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa, R
osel
ine
Title
: M
ultim
edia
Ani
mat
ion
Sub
-Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: N
tshi
ngila
-Kho
sa
and
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r S
kills
P
lan
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
anim
atio
n
OC
PA
C
ultu
ral
Indi
cato
rs:
Vie
ws
from
Afri
ca
OC
PA
Dra
fted
by
the
Task
Fo
rce
on
Cul
tura
l In
dica
tors
of
H
uman
D
evel
opm
ent
in
Afri
ca
for
pres
enta
tion
at
the
Con
gres
s of
C
ultu
ral
Rig
hts
and
Hum
an
deve
lopm
ent
unde
r th
e au
spic
es o
f th
e Fo
rum
B
arce
lona
, M
ozam
biqu
e A
fric
a 20
04
indi
cato
rs
&
mea
sure
men
t ht
tp://
ww
w.c
ultu
ralri
ghts
.net
/des
carg
as/d
ret
s_cu
ltura
ls80
Pra
tt,
And
y w
ith
rese
arch
in
put
from
B
iram
N
'dec
k N
diay
e
The
Mus
ic
Indu
stry
in
S
eneg
al:
the
pote
ntia
l fo
r ec
onom
y de
velo
pmen
t U
NC
TAD
Rep
ort
prep
ared
fo
r U
NC
TAD
S
eneg
al
2004
m
usic
ww
w.ls
e.ac
.uk/
colle
ctio
ns/g
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aphy
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envi
ronm
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ratt/
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gal.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
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nom
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ca
©
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ebsi
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UN
CTA
D
Cre
ativ
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dust
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men
t U
NC
TAD
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11th
se
ssio
n,
Sao
P
aulo
, 13
-18
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200
4 D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2004
C
ross
-cut
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http
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ww
.unc
tad.
org/
en/d
ocs/
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3_en
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CTA
D
Hig
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anel
on
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tive
indu
strie
s U
NC
TAD
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se
ssio
n,
Sao
P
aulo
, 13
-18
June
200
4 D
evel
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ount
ries
2004
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ross
-cut
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http
://w
ww
.unc
tad.
org/
en/d
ocs
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AID
Bal
anci
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ture
an
d C
onse
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ion
thro
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erpr
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AID
Sto
ry
on
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site
ab
out
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ania
Ta
nzan
ia
2004
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ross
-cut
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ricas
torie
s.us
aid.
gov/
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ch_d
etai
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coun
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iger
ian
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pdat
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Afri
ca
Upd
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Vol
.X1,
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ue 2
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prin
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04)
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eria
20
04
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ht
tp://
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w.c
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afst
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htm
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Uni
on
Nai
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can
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ica
2005
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ross
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ww
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-uni
on.o
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Art
eria
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wor
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liogr
aphy
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he C
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nom
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
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age
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ebsi
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Artm
atte
rs
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ives
oth
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into
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Art
Mat
ters
N
ews
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2005
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m
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atte
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20
05
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azin
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evel
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Afr
ica
2005
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ross
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ww
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Cou
ncil
Con
sulta
tive
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m o
n ar
ts
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re in
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ya
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
All
Afri
ca
Arts
C
onsu
ltatio
n Fo
rum
K
enya
20
05
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
Con
sulta
tive
foru
m o
n ar
ts
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cultu
re in
Tan
zani
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ritis
h C
ounc
il
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ca
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onsu
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rum
Ta
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ross
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ncil
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tive
foru
m o
n ar
ts
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cultu
re in
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B
ritis
h C
ounc
il
All
Afri
ca
Arts
C
onsu
ltatio
n Fo
rum
S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
C
ross
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
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ive
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nom
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©
CA
J, 2
009
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age
39 o
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ncil
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ish
Cou
ncil
Pre
pare
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ritis
h C
ounc
il Zi
mba
bwe
2005
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ross
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CA
J A
B
enev
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t Fu
nd
for
Arti
sts
Arts
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Tru
st,
Sou
th A
frica
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
CA
J
Cre
ativ
e se
ctor
res
earc
h in
S
outh
A
fric
a:
rese
arch
so
urce
s,
key
inst
itutio
ns
and
anno
tate
d bi
blio
grap
hy
of
the
cultu
ral
sect
or
in
Sou
th A
frica
B
ritis
h C
ounc
il
Pre
pare
d fo
r th
e fis
t pha
se o
f th
e cr
eativ
e m
appi
ng
stud
y fo
r th
e B
ritis
h C
ounc
il
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
Res
earc
h re
sour
ces
Cre
ateS
A
Futu
re
Foun
datio
ns:
An
Inte
grat
ed
Hum
an
Res
ourc
e D
evel
opm
ent
Stra
tegy
D
epar
tmen
t of
A
rts
and
Cul
ture
(DA
C)
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
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Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
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age
40 o
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W
ebsi
te
Dep
artm
ent
of
Tra
de
and
Indu
stry
(D
TI)
(Jan
e C
orde
n an
d R
icha
rd
Phi
llips
)
Title
: ‘B
eyon
d P
lann
ing
to
Act
ion’
: Fi
lm a
nd T
V S
ecto
r D
evel
opm
ent S
trate
gy
Com
mis
sion
ing
Par
ty:
DTI
: Tr
ade
and
Inve
stm
ent
Sou
th
Afri
ca;
Chi
ef
Dire
ctor
ate:
C
usto
mis
ed
Sec
tor
Pro
gram
mes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
Cus
tom
ised
S
ecto
r P
rogr
amm
es
(CS
P)
of
the
DTI
. S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
Fi
lm
Dig
iArts
, U
NE
SC
O
Wha
t is
D
igita
l A
rts
in
Afri
ca?
U
NE
SC
O
UN
ES
CO
K
now
ledg
e P
orta
l A
fric
a 20
05
digi
tal a
rts
http
://po
rtal.u
nesc
o.or
g/cu
lture
/en/
ev.
php-
UR
L_ID
=243
76&
UR
L_D
O=D
O_T
OP
IC
&U
RL_
SE
CTI
ON
=201
.htm
l
Fre
edth
inke
rs
Dev
elop
ing
Aud
ienc
es
for
Jobu
rg L
ive
Arts
C
ity o
f Job
urg
S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
Li
ve a
rts
Gos
tner
, Kar
l Th
e st
ory
of 9
9.3Y
FM
YFM
, Sou
th A
frica
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
Mus
ic
Gw
ynne
-Eva
ns,
N
Driv
ing
a re
gion
al
sect
or
deve
lopm
ent
prog
ram
me:
Le
sson
s fro
m t
he W
este
rn
Cap
e: 1
999-
2005
W
ES
TGR
O,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
41 o
f 292
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e Ti
tle
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mis
sion
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nt
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ated
pr
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t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Hun
gwe,
K
edm
on N
yash
a
Nar
rativ
e an
d id
eolo
gy:
50
year
s of
fil
mm
akin
g in
Zi
mba
bwe
Priv
ate
in
Med
ia,
cultu
re
and
soci
ety,
Vol
27,
no
1, 8
3-99
Zi
mba
bwe
2005
Fi
lm
INC
D
Stre
ngth
enin
g Lo
cal
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
and
Dev
elop
ing
Cul
tura
l C
apac
ity
for
Pov
erty
A
llevi
atio
n:
Roa
dmap
fo
r th
e IN
CD
In
tern
atio
nal
Net
wor
k fo
r C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
Afr
ica
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
Le R
oux,
And
ré
Title
: P
ropo
sal
for
an
Afri
can
Mus
ic m
arke
t C
omm
issi
onin
g P
arty
: O
chre
Com
mun
icat
ion
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
City
of
Jo
burg
E
cono
mic
D
evel
opm
ent
Uni
t’s
Sec
tor
Stra
tegi
es
for
Cul
tura
l Sec
tor
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
mus
ic
Mat
suur
a,
Koi
chiro
UN
ES
CO
: C
ultu
re,
Inte
grat
ion
and
Afri
can
Ren
aiss
ance
U
NE
SC
O
Add
ress
on
the
occa
sion
of
the
Con
fere
nce
of
Min
iste
rs
of
Cul
ture
of
th
e A
frica
Uni
on
Afr
ica
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
://un
esdo
c.un
esco
.org
/imag
es/0
014/
014
27/1
4279
6e.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
42 o
f 292
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tle
Com
mis
sion
ing
Age
nt
Pur
pose
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soci
ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Mon
ica
New
ton
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
Sec
tor
Sco
ping
City
of
Joha
nnes
burg
: E
cono
mic
D
evel
opm
ent U
nit
Joha
nnes
burg
Fi
lm
Incu
bato
r, Jo
hann
esbu
rg
Per
form
ing
Arts
In
cuba
tor,
an
d Jo
hann
esbu
rg
Mus
ic M
arke
t S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
OC
PA
M
eetin
g of
the
task
forc
e on
cu
ltura
l ind
icat
ors
OC
PA
M
eetin
g Ta
sk
forc
e, N
airo
bi
Afr
ica
2005
in
dica
tors
&
m
easu
rem
ent
OC
PA
, In
tera
rts
OC
PA
an
d In
tera
cts
Exp
erts
m
eetin
g on
R
esea
rch
Prio
ritie
s O
CP
A
Mee
ting
conv
ened
in
D
akar
by
O
CP
A,
the
Inte
ract
s Fo
unda
tion
(Bar
celo
na,
Spa
in)
with
the
su
ppor
t of
th
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acs,
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O
CP
A
Cre
ativ
e ec
onom
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d po
verty
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adic
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n in
A
frica
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inci
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d re
aliti
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Afr
ica
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cr
oss
cutti
ng
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, Adr
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h R
adio
's
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EW
pr
ojec
t: gr
owin
g w
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edia
ed
ucat
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UN
ES
CO
Pap
er
pres
ente
d at
th
e Fr
ench
C
omm
issi
on f
or
UN
ES
CO
m
eetin
g in
pa
rtner
ship
with
th
e Fr
ench
M
inis
try
of
Edu
catio
n an
d th
e C
ounc
il of
E
urop
e at
th
e C
entre
de
C
onfe
renc
es
Inte
rnat
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Par
is, F
ranc
e S
outh
Afri
ca
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m
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f.org
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sa-c
omm
unity
-ra
dio-
pres
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aper
-at-u
nesc
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edia
-ed
ucat
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M
arsh
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ater
ina
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van
Oos
terh
out,
Mic
hiel
Sur
vey
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Con
tent
an
d A
udie
nces
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ideo
Hal
ls in
U
gand
a 20
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006
Uga
nda
Inte
rnat
iona
l Fi
lm F
estiv
al
Uga
nda
Uga
nda
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U
gand
a w
ww
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.org
MA
SA
In
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cing
M
AS
A
(Mar
ket
for A
frica
n P
erfo
rmin
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rts)
MA
SA
P
rese
ntat
ion
A
fric
a 20
07
perfo
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g ar
ts
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danc
e ht
tp://
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asa.
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engl
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sent
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n/pr
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Mbe
we,
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at
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can
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nee
ds
Bet
ter T
rain
ing
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urvi
ve
Arte
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ork
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s V
ol 1
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k A
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Vol
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Afr
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C
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Mth
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artin
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d K
ipej
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Laur
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The
Tanz
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n Fi
lm V
alue
C
hain
Stu
dy R
epor
t Za
nzib
ar
Inte
rnat
iona
l Fi
lm F
estiv
al (Z
IFF)
Pre
pare
d fro
th
e ZI
FF,
Fest
ival
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th
e D
how
Cou
ntrie
s Ta
nzan
ia
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fil
m
http
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ww
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z/so
kofil
am.h
tm
Mus
hing
a, G
loria
Za
mbi
a's
ICT
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icy
final
ly
laun
ched
Za
mbi
a 20
07
ICT
http
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ww
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ip.n
et/c
ontri
buto
rs/2
007/
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zam
bia_
s_ic
t_po
licy_
final
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Ow
oo, J
ohn
Dis
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emen
t of
do
nor
fund
s -
Shi
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ex
ampl
e fro
m Z
ambi
a A
rteria
l Net
wor
k A
rteria
l N
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Vol
2 N
o 5
Zam
bia
2007
fu
ndin
g an
d sp
onso
rshi
p
Ow
oo, J
ohn
Vis
ual
arts
in
A
fric
a:
plag
ued
by
a lit
any
of
prob
lem
s &
obs
tacl
e A
rteria
l Net
wor
k A
rteria
l N
ews
Vol
2 n
o 6
Afr
ica
2007
vi
sual
art
Per
man
, Ton
y
Afri
ca
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trans
natio
nal
cultu
ral i
ndus
tries
Uni
vers
ity
of
Illin
ois,
Urb
ana-
Cha
mpa
ign
Afr
ica
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
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ww
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t.uiu
c.ed
u
Unk
now
n
The
Pow
er
of
Cul
ture
: M
aste
r P
lan
Afr
ican
A
rt S
ecto
r on
the
way
U
nkno
wn
A
fric
a 20
07
cros
s-cu
tting
ht
tp://
ww
w.p
ower
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lture
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n/cu
rren
t/200
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ril/a
rteria
l.htm
l
Van
Gra
an, M
ike
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries,
ar
ts,
cultu
re
and
crea
tive
arts
: S
econ
d P
aper
: P
olic
y re
com
men
datio
ns
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Inte
rven
tions
W
ES
TGR
O,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
ME
DS
pro
cess
, W
este
rn C
ape
Sou
th A
frica
20
07
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
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ivos
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nglis
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glis
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ackg
roun
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ater
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l Net
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t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Afri
can
Uni
on
Con
cept
Not
e A
frica
n U
nion
The
Sec
ond
Ses
sion
of
A
U
Con
fere
nce
of
Min
iste
rs
of
Cul
ture
(C
AM
C2)
A
fric
a 20
08
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g w
ww
.afri
can-
unio
n.or
g
Ain
a, Y
etun
de
Rei
nven
ting
Nol
lyw
ood:
the
ro
le
of
the
maf
ia
in
the
deve
lopm
ent
of
the
Nig
eria
n Fi
lm In
dust
ry
Priv
ate
Cre
ativ
e C
lust
ers
2008
, Lo
ndon
, UK
N
iger
ia
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fil
m
B
arro
wcl
ough
, D
iana
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Koz
ul-
Wrig
ht,
Zeljk
a,
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.)
Cre
ativ
e in
dust
ries
and
deve
lopi
ng c
ount
ries:
voi
ce,
choi
ce
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econ
omic
gr
owth
. .
UN
CTA
D
Rou
tledg
e D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2008
C
ross
-cut
ting
CA
J M
appp
-Set
a S
ecto
r S
kills
P
lan
1009
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0 M
AP
PP
-SE
TA
Sec
tor
Ski
lls
Pla
ns
for
the
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
S
outh
Afri
ca
2008
C
ross
-cut
ting
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
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Eco
nom
y in
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ount
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rea
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rest
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tors
W
ebsi
te
Com
mon
wea
lth
Fou
ndat
ion
Mak
ing
Cul
tura
l P
olic
y W
ork
C
omm
onw
ealth
Fo
unda
tion
Con
sulta
tion
held
in
pa
rtner
ship
with
S
outh
A
frica
n C
oalit
ion
for
Cul
tura
l D
iver
sity
an
d D
epar
tmen
t of
A
rts
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Cul
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, S
amro
H
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S
outh
Afri
ca
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wea
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tion.
com
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oads
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dito
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aki
ng%
20C
ultu
re%
20W
ork%
20fo
r%20
Dev
elop
men
t.pdf
Com
mon
wea
lth
Fou
ndat
ion
Put
ting
Cul
ture
Fi
rst:
Com
mon
wea
lth
pers
pect
ives
on
cultu
re a
nd
deve
lopm
ent
Com
mon
wea
lth
Foun
datio
n C
omm
onw
ealth
Fo
unda
tion
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s 20
08
cros
s cu
tting
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries
Sup
port
Pro
ject
(C
ISP
)
Dat
abas
e fo
r C
ultu
ral
Initi
ativ
e in
Gha
na:
cultu
ral
indu
strie
s/ e
nter
pris
e C
ultu
ral
Indu
strie
s S
uppo
rt P
roje
ct
G
hana
20
08
data
base
s
Dem
ilew
, Abi
y
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries:
th
e un
der-
utili
zed
Afri
can
reso
urce
s C
reat
ive
Afri
ca
Web
site
on
C
reat
ive
Afri
ca w
ebsi
te
Afr
ica
2008
cr
oss
http
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ww
.cre
ativ
e-af
rica.
org/
crea
tive-
afric
a_20
08/in
dex.
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optio
n=co
m_c
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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he C
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ive
Eco
nom
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Yea
r A
rea
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Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Fee
nstra
, M
aria
nne
Mus
ic
Qua
lific
atio
ns:
Are
m
usic
ed
ucat
ion
inst
itutio
ns/
qual
ifica
tions
re
spon
ding
to
the
chan
ging
an
d gr
owin
g ne
eds
of t
he
mus
ic in
dust
ry?
M
oshi
to
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2008
M
usic
Mas
okoa
ne,
Gle
nn
Sou
th A
frica
n M
usic
Hub
D
AC
, Sou
th A
frica
S
outh
Afr
ica
Sou
th A
frica
20
08
Mus
ic
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
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J, 2
009
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54 o
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mis
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Age
nt
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ated
pr
ojec
t C
ount
ry
Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
Mba
ye, J
enny
Geo
grap
hies
de
L'in
dust
rie
mus
ical
e hi
p ho
p en
Afri
que
de l'
Oue
st
Inst
itut
Nat
iona
l de
la
Rec
herc
he
Sci
entif
ique
(IN
RS
) -
Que
bec
Col
loqu
e in
tern
atio
nal
“Arts
, te
rrito
ires
et
nouv
elle
éc
onom
ie
cultu
relle
. La
cu
lture
, un
atou
t in
cont
ourn
able
du
dé
velo
ppem
ent
urba
in
et
régi
onal
? 76
eme
cong
res
de L
'AC
FA
S
Wes
t Afri
ca
2008
m
usic
Mba
ye, J
enny
Wes
t A
frica
n H
ip
Hop
: A
tra
nsna
tiona
l so
cial
m
ovem
ent
Priv
ate
Aeg
is
corto
na
sum
mer
sc
hool
in
A
frica
n st
udie
s,
Cor
tona
, Tu
scan
y, 1
6-22
Ju
ne 2
008
Wes
t Afri
ca
2008
M
usic
Mel
ando
witz
, H
ugh
Sam
plin
g M
usic
M
oshi
to
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2008
M
usic
SA
BC
M
usic
po
licy
disc
ussi
on
docu
men
t M
oshi
to
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2008
m
usic
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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55 o
f 292
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sion
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Age
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t C
ount
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Yea
r A
rea
of
Inte
rest
/ sec
tors
W
ebsi
te
UN
CTA
D
Hig
h le
vel
pane
l on
th
e cr
eativ
e ec
onom
y an
d in
dust
ries
for d
evel
opm
ent
UN
CTA
D
As
a pr
e U
NC
TAD
X
11
even
t in
G
enev
a 14
-15
Janu
ary
2008
. D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2008
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
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ww
.unc
tad.
org/
en/d
ocs/
tdxi
ibp
d4_e
n.pd
f
UN
ES
CO
C
ultu
re,
a le
ver
for
deve
lopm
ent i
n A
fric
a
UN
ES
CO
Mee
ting
Deb
ate
in
Cul
ture
, ec
onom
y,
regi
onal
in
tegr
atio
n
Afr
ica
2008
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
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pabl
og.w
ordp
ress
.com
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8/12
/12/
cultu
re-e
cono
my-
regi
onal
-inte
grat
ion-
cult.
.
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Cre
ativ
e E
cono
my
Rep
ort
2008
: th
e ch
alle
nge
of
asse
ssin
g th
e cr
eativ
e ec
onom
y: t
owar
ds in
form
ed
polic
y-m
akin
g U
nite
d N
atio
ns
Unc
tad
and
UN
pa
rtner
s D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2008
C
ross
-cut
ting
Unk
now
n Zi
mba
bwe
: C
ultu
ral
exch
ange
U
nkno
wn
Zi
mba
bwe
2008
Zi
mba
bwe,
cr
oss
cutti
ng
Wak
ashe
, T
Spe
ech
to M
oshi
to
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afr
ica
Sou
th A
frica
20
08
mus
ic
CA
J
Pro
duci
ng c
reat
ive
cont
ent:
skill
s an
d ec
onom
ic
chal
leng
es
in
the
Sou
th
Afri
can
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
HS
RC
, Sou
th A
frica
pr
epar
ed f
or th
e H
SR
C in
200
7 S
outh
Afri
ca
2009
C
ross
-cut
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srcp
ress
.org
.za
Art
eria
l Net
wor
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liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
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nom
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rest
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W
ebsi
te
Guh
rs,
Tam
ara,
D
'elb
ee, F
ranc
ois
and
Kap
wep
we,
M
ulen
ga
Cer
emon
y!
Cel
ebra
ting
Zam
bia'
s C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge
Cel
tel
Zam
bia
and
Sek
a (S
ensi
tisat
ion
and
Edu
catio
n th
roug
h K
unda
Art
s)
Za
mbi
a 20
09
herit
age
Ond
ega,
Ogo
va
The
Afri
can
Cin
ema
does
n’t
exis
t Th
e P
ower
of
Cul
ture
W
eb s
ite
Afri
ca
Afr
ica
2009
fil
m
http
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.pow
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re.n
l/en/
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ent/2
009/
febr
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aco
Artt
hrob
A
rtthr
ob:
Con
tem
pora
ry a
rt in
Sou
th A
frica
A
rtthr
ob
Web
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S
outh
Afri
ca
All
visu
al a
rt ht
tp://
ww
w.a
rtthr
ob.c
o.za
/
Van
Gra
an, M
ike
Mik
e va
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raan
web
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M
ike
van
Gra
an
Web
site
S
outh
Afri
ca
All
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
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.mik
evan
graa
n.co
.za/
rece
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aper
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isua
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Net
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k of
Sou
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Afri
ca
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NS
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VA
NS
A
Web
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S
outh
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ca
All
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tp://
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ansa
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sour
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Koe
nder
man
, T
ony
Afri
ca:
Med
ia
rese
arch
is
st
ill a
pro
blem
: Blin
d le
adin
g th
e B
lind
Priv
ate
A
fric
a U
nkn
ow
n
Res
earc
h re
sour
ces
C
apac
ity
build
ing
for
cultu
ral e
nter
pris
e
A
fric
a U
nkn
ow
n
cros
s-cu
tting
http
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ww
.def
sa.o
rg.z
a/20
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nfer
enc
e/do
cum
ents
/pap
ers/
Jack
ieG
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Cul
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for t
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Eco
nom
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Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
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age
58 o
f 292
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59 o
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Bib
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J, 2
009
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age
60 o
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f 292
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Africa: General Websites
Administration des douanes et impôts indirects du Maroc www.douane.gov.ma Africa Information www.africinfo.org African Union www.africa-union.org African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP group) www.acpsec.org Agence de la Francophonie www.agence.francophoni.org All Africa Global Media www.allafrica.com Art matters www.artmatters.info BBC www.bbc.co.uk/africabeyond British Council www.britishcouncil.org Coalition Française pour la diversité culturelle www.comitedevigilance.org Creative Africa www.creativeafrica.com Eve Gray (Publisher and book industry analyst) www.evegray.co.za Goiree Institute www.goireeinstitute.org ILO www.ilo.org International Network on Cultural Development www.incd.net Power of Culture www.powerofculture.nl Smithsonian Institution Research Information System http://www.siris.si.edu/ Sociolingo’s Africa http://sociolingo.wordpress.com/category/culture/african-culture/page/2/ Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa www.tralac.org UN STATS/ Statistiques des Nations Unies www.unstats.un.org Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine www.uemoa.int WIPO/ Organisation Mondiale sur la Propriété Intellectuelle www.wipo.int World Bank/ Banque Mondiale www.worldbank.org WTO/ Organisation Mondiale du Commerce www.wto.org www.suplanet.net UNESCO / Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Education, la Science et la Culture www.unesco.org UNESCO, Creative Industries, Africa www.unesco.org/culture/en/creative -industries/africa http://appablog.wordpress.com/2008/12/12/culture-economy-regional-integration-culture European Union http://ec.europa.eu/development/body/publications/ UNESCO, portal, documents http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ http://allafrica.com African Women’s Media Centre - http://awmc.com
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National Cultural Policies in Africa
This section provides information on cultural policies in Africa. The following is taken from the webpage of OCPA: The Observatory of Cultural Policies in Africa with the URL address inserted. The OCPA website is a comprehensive resource for this information. See http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/index-en.html for a list of cultural policies in Africa.
Country by Country Law No 2005-006 on the National Cultural Policy for Socio-economic Development, Madagascar, July 2005 http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/policy/Madagascar_National_Cultural_Policy-fr.pdf The Cultural Policy of The Republic of Seychelles, Ministry of Local Government, Sports and Culture, 2004 at http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/policy/Seychelles_Cultural_Policy-en.pdf or Polisi Kiltir Repiblik Sesel, Minister Gouvernman Lokal, Sport ek Kiltir, 2004 at http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/policy/Seychelles_Cultural_Policy-sc.pdf The Uganda National Culture Policy, Final Draft, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, Kampala, December 2006 at http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/policy/Uganda_Culture_Policy-en.pdf Botswana National Policy on Culture, Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs, Department of Culture and Youth, October 2001 at http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/policy/Botswana_National_Cultural_Policy-en.pdf Unity, Identity and Creativity for Prosperity - Policy on Arts and Culture of the Republic of Namibia, Ministry of Basic Education, Sport and Culture, Windhoek, Namibia, August 2001 at http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/policy/Namibia_Cultural_Policy-en.pdf Mozambique Cultural Policy and Implementation Strategy, Council of Ministers, Resolution No. 12/97, June 1997 at http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/policy/Mozambique_Cultural_Policy-pt.pdf Cultural Policies in African Member States: Present Situation and Trends, SHC-75/AFRICACULT/4 (24 countries) Situation and Trends of Cultural Policies in the Member States of Africa, CLT/MONDIACULT/REF.1/AFR (28 Sub-Saharan countries) Situation and Trends of Cultural Policies in the Arab Member States, CLT/MONDIACULT/REF.1/ARBR (6 North Africain countries) Guide to Current States and Trends in Cultural Policy and Life in UNESCO Member States: Africa, CULTURELINK, Cultural Policy Databank, 1992
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Monographies on Cultural Policies in the Member States: African Countries Algeria (1977), Cameroon (1975), Egypt (1972), Ghana (1975), Guinea (1979), Kenya (1975), Liberia (1974), Morocco (1981), Nigeria (1972), Senegal (1973), Sierra Leone (1979), Tanzania (1974), Togo (1975), Tunisia (1970), Zaire (1975)
Cultural Policy Frameworks in Selective African Countries
Country Cultural Policy Framework
Angola In Angola the Ministry of Culture is responsible for development of the cultural sector. This is done through and by nine public institutions, which includes the National Institute of Cultural Heritage and the National Institute of Artistic and Cultural Training.
Botswana In Botswana, a draft national cultural policy was published in March 20011 by
the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs which has the portfolio responsibility for culture and youth, with the Botswana National Cultural Council acting as an advisory body. The policy was approved by cabinet in October 2001. Cultural heritage is accounted for in various acts of parliament but these don’t mention the visual arts and crafts directly. This is now contained in the draft national cultural policy.
Ethiopia The 1997 cultural policy guarantees equal access to culture for all Ethiopians. A direct response to a dictatorial regime that was discriminatory to many ethnic cultures. A key feature of the policy is the preservation of heritage and reclaiming that which has been stolen. A campaign was launched in 2004, reinforced by the return of an obelisk in 2005 that was plundered in 1937 on the orders of Mussolini. It has now been returned!
Ghana In 2004, Ghana instituted a cultural policy that promotes unity in diversity, African values and standards and provides for the establishment of a cultural fund. The primary focus is on promoting culture to promote redress after colonialism.
Lesotho The Ministry of Tourism, Sports and Culture is responsible for arts and culture policy and management. The Directorate of Culture is subdivided into sections as well as commissions, committees and associations, which are recognized
and affiliated to the Department of Culture.2
In 2002 a new White Paper on culture was drawn up, but has not yet been implemented. It focuses on training and revision of museum frameworks.
Malawi Cultural issues fall under the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture. Cultural Heritage is protected through different Acts of Parliament, dealing
1 Draft National Cultural Policy, Government of Botswana Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs, March 2001 2 Unless otherwise indicated, all information from the SADC report on the Sector of Culture and Information Policies, Priorities and Strategies, May 1998 http://www.teledata.mz/sadccult/poling.htm
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Country Cultural Policy Framework
with Monuments and Relics, Museums, Arts and Crafts, Archives and censorship issues. The Department of Arts and Crafts recently called artists of all disciplines to form associations, for which the government provided seed funding. The mandate given to these associations is that they write their own constitutions. Once these are presented to government, they will become eligible for funding. Government felt it was important to put this responsibility onto the artists so they could, as Mr. Bernard Kwilimbe says, “speak with one
voice, because who feels it, knows it most.”3
The definition of arts and crafts in Malawi is officially grouped as grassroots (basketry, woodcarving, and domestic implements); entrepreneurial (defined as passing from one hand to another) and fine arts (painting and sculpture) The Malawi Chamber of Commerce is encouraging government to promote the visual arts and crafts industries at the trade show grounds in Blantyre for the international trade fair. This will be negotiated around May 2002. It is the first time artists and craftspeople have been invited to exhibit.
Mauritius The arts and culture industries in Mauritius are considered very important to the national identity of the country. The Ministry of Arts and Culture, divided into the respective departments, deals with artistic and cultural issues and activities and endeavors to enhance and promote development in these industries. The arts division deals with all artistic disciplines, whereas the Culture Division deals with training, national cultural festivals and cultural exchange programmes, at regional and international levels. Policies governing these and other related departments are in the process of revision in response to developmental needs in Mauritius.
Mozambique In Mozambique, the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports manage the field of culture. Like many other countries in the region, there are few formally organized groups or institutions in the sector other than those with connections to ex-colonial powers. There are many Portuguese-funded cultural centres and connections between other ex-Portuguese colonies (Brazil, Angola etc.) are fostered.
Namibia Next to South Africa, Namibia demonstrates the most well organized visual arts and crafts industries, with government and various parastatals like art galleries, museums, associations and unions taking responsibility for organizing cultural practice. In order to enable more effective administration of culture, the government has decentralized cultural services through seven regional offices. Collective workshops, workshops, biennales and craft fairs have featured prominently on the visual arts and crafts calendar for some twenty years. Like South Africa, Namibian is succeeding in getting the private sector to invest in and support the visual arts and crafts industries.
Nigeria The right to culture is enshrined in the constitution and is critical for the unity of some 250 groups that comprise the Nigeria people. Preserving cultural heritage is critical objective of the Ministry of Culture & Tourism. The National Commission for Museums & Monuments enforces a strict regime to
3 From personal interview, Department of Arts and Crafts, Lilongwe, April 2002.
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Country Cultural Policy Framework
prevent art theft. Cultural policy is implemented by National Council for Art and Culture (NCAC) In addition the 36 states each have their own arts council. The policy is currently under revision, with a desire to place more emphasis on cultural co-operation with business and local communities.
Senegal The country has played an important role in West Africa since 1960 due to the biannual arts festival Dak’Art and the 30 year old Gorée Diaspora Festivale. The National Programme for the Development of Culture launched in 2005 is founded on 2 central pillars – unity & diversity. The objective is to stimulate the cultural sectors, retain the country’s heritage and promote Senegal as Africa’s Cultural Crossroad. The Programme is decentralized, with local cultural offices responsible for its implementation. In addition to the Programme there are “presidential projects” that are managed directly by the Office of the President: Construction of a National Theatre & Academy of the Arts in Dakar The establishment of the Museum of Black Civilizations
South Africa In comparison to many of the other countries in the region, the cultural policy environment is highly developed. The constitution of South Africa provides for a National Ministry for Arts and Culture (Department of Arts and Culture or DACST), and nine provincial ministries of Culture. Since 1994, the visual arts and crafts industries have been at the mercy of funding and support policies that seem constantly under revision to address issues of ‘community relevance’ (implying a homogenous ‘community’ instead of heterogeneous ‘communities’), education and skills transfer.
Swaziland Cultural management, being the responsibility of the Ministry of Home Affairs demonstrates the imprecation of cultural heritage and social life. Aspects of cultural management also fall under the Ministries of Education and Natural Resources. The latter manages and preserves traditional sculptural practices. The mandate of the National Cultural Council is to “encourage all cultural groups to enhance their performances and patriotic living as a uniting force in the nation,” which effectively excludes the visual arts and crafts industries. However, successful crafts-based projects are in operation, and many thrive.
Tanzania Tanzania put in place a cultural policy in 1997. The cultural sector is located in the Ministry of Education and Culture which in turn has two major sectors, Education and Culture, each of which has a commissioner. The cultural sector is inclusive of four directorates: Arts and Languages; Sport Development; Archives and Antiquities. The Department of Arts and Languages co-ordinates the National Arts Council of Tanzania (BASATA), which exists to organize exhibitions on invitation to local artists, but apparently this has not happened for some years. The National Arts Council is responsible for writing policy on arts events, structures and cultural activities. Their main aim or service is to register the various ethnic groups and associated special events. They will, for example certify the public practice of fine artists and register exhibitions. In relation to the Village Museum, the NAC will provide certification of standards of production that aids with the promotion and sale of artifacts as well as events. The Department also administers the Bagamoyo College of Arts which trains traditional dancers, musicians, performing artists, fine artists and sculptors.
Uganda Uganda’s draft cultural policy was submitted to the country’s Cabinet in August 2005 explicitly links the arts to social development. The policy promotes the cultural industries as a source of income and encourages the use of indigenous knowledge. The responsible Ministry of Gender, Labour & Social Development has integrated culture into the national plan to combat poverty.
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Country Cultural Policy Framework
The emphasis is on decentralization with local authorities formulating their own cultural policy within national guidelines. A special department in the Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Industry bears responsibility for museums & monuments. The Ministry of Education takes responsibility for the literary world. The Ministry compiled a policy plan in 1997 to stimulating publications in national languages, making books accessible and constructing libraries.
Zambia The Ministry of Community Development and Social Services is responsible for policy development and promotion of cultural activities such as the arts and crafts. The Ministry is also responsible for bilateral and multilateral cultural co-operation. The National Arts Council of Zambia, which co-ordinates artistic activities of national arts associations, is a statutory body under the Ministry of Community Development and Social Services The Visual Arts Council currently has a register of approximately 300 members throughout Zambia and organizers national exhibitions and workshops. In 1994 the National Arts Council grew out of various associations of the department of cultural services to form a relationship between the artists and the government.
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has a written cultural policy which articulates the promotion of culture in a multi-cultural society that takes into account the different ethnic, linguistic and religious elements in the country. Role players in the industry have reported that this is not actively practiced due to recent restrictions that affect freedom of speech put in place by President Robert Mugabe. Culture is supported and managed in various line Ministries and departments in the Zimbabwean government. The Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture is responsible for policy direction in all matters concerning culture. The Ministry of Home Affairs administers the National Museums and Monuments and the National Archives. Copyright and Neighbouring Rights matters are administered by the Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs.
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Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Countries
Title: Dakar Declaration on the Promotion of ACP Cultures and Cultural Industries Author: ACP Group Date: 20-Jun-03 Website: http://www.acpsec.org/acpfestival/acp8300603_Dakar_Declaration_e.pdf Summary: This declaration commits the African, Caribbean and Pacific cultural ministers to formulate an ACP cultural policy, to collaborate with regional bodies and international institutions and to promote the adoption of measures conducive to the development and establishment of all forms of cultural industries in ACP states. Its commits ACP states to working with the Convention on the diversity of cultural expressions, to participate in the World Summit on the Information Society, to support the regular hosting of an ACP festival and to work with the European Union and other international and multilateral partners and non state actors to design, promote and support ACP cultural activities through the establishment of an ACP Cultural Foundation. Key Words: ACP, cultural industries, development, ICTs, ACP festival, ACP Cultural Foundation, Dakar Title: Promotion of Cultural industries/ Regional cooperation in the field of culture: report on the main conclusions Author: ACP Group Commissioning Party: Technical meeting 1st meeting of ACP Ministers of Culture, Working Group 11 Date: 18-Jun-03 Title: Handbook on ACP Cultural Industries Author: ACP Secretariat Commissioning Party: Drawn up by Ccawa / Cacao for the Secretariat of the ACP Date: 2006 Website: http://www.acpfilms.eu/fileadmin/fichiers/formulaire_et_annexes/EN/Handbook_ACP_cultural_industries.pdf Summary: This handbook is produced for 2 purposes: a) to publicise ACP's cultural policies and b) to promote an understanding of the advantages of cooperation between ACP and the EU in the field of culture. The report outlines the ACP groups' cultural policy; ACP cultural industries; information on national and regional cultural policies and the principles to which cultural cooperation with the EC has to sign up. Key Words: ACP, EU, culture, cultural policy, cultural industries
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Africa Continent
Before 2000 Title: Cultural Industries for development in Africa: Dakar Plan of Action Author: Organisation of African Unity/ UNESCO Commissioning Party: AU/UNESCO Date: Jun-92 Title: Expanding the book trade across Africa: a study of current barriers and future potential Author: Makotsi, Ruth Commissioning Party: Association for the Development of Education in Africa Date: 1999 Associated project: Association for the development of Education in Africa, in collaboration with the African Publishers' Network, Oxford, UK Website: http://openlibrary.org/b/OL22460732M/Expanding-the-book-trade-across-Africa Key Words: publishing; publishing industry; book industry; bookselling; trade; book development; Africa
2000 Title: Culture can play a key role in regional integration Author: Sithole, Jabulani Date: 15-Dec-00 Website: http://www.sardc.net/editorial/sanf/2000/Iss23/Nf2.html Title: Regional consultation on cultural industries in Africa Author: UNESCO Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 5-8 th September 2000 Associated project: Cotonou Summary: A UNESCO meeting of experts met in Cotonou (Benin) in September 2000 to review the current situation of cultural industries in Africa, 8 years after the launch of the Dakar Plan of Action and in the light of the impact of globalisation and the need to respect cultural diversity. Professionals from Angola, Benin, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania and Togo participated in the meeting. Challenges facing each of the core cultural industries in Africa as a result of culture, trade and globalisation are outlined. Recommendations directed at key role-players are identified: states and public authorities, cultural operators, international and regional organisations and bodies and particularly, for UNESCO. Key Words: Cotonou agreement, UNESCO, cultural industries, Africa, recommendations, role of government, globalisation Title: Regional Forum on cultural industries in Africa
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Author: UNESCO Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 4th - 9th September 2000 Associated project: Organised by Breda at ABOMEY, Benin Website: http//www.dakar.unesco.org/news/en/en_000814_cutlure.shtml Summary: This news item announces the regional forum on cultural industries in Africa to reflect on developments since the adoption of the Dakar Plan of Action in 1992. The intention is to conduct an inventory of cultural industries in Africa and provide guidelines for UNESCO. It would be useful to have access to these working papers as there is little to reflect on in this period! Key Words: Africa, cultural industries, Dakar plan of action, UNESCO, assessment, regional forum Title: The Dynamics of African Filmmaking Author: Cham, Mbye Commissioning Party: UNESCO Associated project: UNESCO's World Culture Report 2000: Cultural diversity, conflict and pluralism
2001 Title: Culture, Entrepreneurship and Development in Africa Author: Tshikuku, Kabeya Commissioning Party: CRDI/IDRC, UNESCO Date: 10-14 December 2001 Associated project: Paper presented to the International Conference on the Cultural Approach to Development in Africa, Senegal by Prof Tshikuku from Institut de Recherches Economoniques et Sociales (IRES) Universite de Kinshasa Website: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/idep/unpan003349.pdf Summary: This paper reflects on the nature of African economies and particularly the weakness of indigenous entrepreneurship. While the old framework of lifelong solidarity has not disintegrated completely the new framework of capitalist individualism has not completely moved in. It is here that the author finds the basis for a plan of action for Africa. This plan is targeted at educators in favour of the very young, at teachers for teenagers, at political institutions to promote national entrepreneurship and finally at action strategies aimed for civil society. Culture is considered from the perspective of values, attitudes and reflexes. Key Words: culture, indigenous entrepreneurship, values, inculturation, teachers, educators Title: Local repertoire hits new highs to dominate world music market in African Music Industry Author: Seligman, G Commissioning Party: World Bank Date: June 20-21 June 2001 Associated project: Paper presented at the workshop on the development of the music industry in Africa, World Bank and Policy Sciences Centre, Inc, Washington, DC Website: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/intceerd/resources/cwi_music_industry_in_africa_synopsis.pdf
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Summary: This presentation focuses on how each of the key players in the music industry makes money: record companies, artists and publishers. It assesses the high risk nature of the music business and highlights market trends and potentials per type of music for each of 6 African countries. Key Words: record companies, music, distribution, Congo, market trends, royalties, air play Title: What's the use of music? The role of the music industry in Africa Author: Sen. Amartya Commissioning Party: World Bank Date: June 20-21. 2001 Associated project: Workshop on the development of the music industry in Africa, sponsored by the World Bank and the Policy Sciences Centre, Inc, Washington, DC Website: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/intceerd/resources/cwi_music_industry_in_africa_synopsis.pdf Summary: This presentation highlights the key points from all the contributors to the workshop in 2001. In highlighting the contributions of the music industry to Africa's development, he notes that it extends beyond the direct contribution that the development of music makes to the living standards and the quality of life of the people; a) economic returns from programmes of distribution, with protection of rights and entitlements; b) music plays a part in sustaining old identities and contributes to the creation of new ones; c) music in both entertainment and dialogue. He concludes that music makes interrelated contributions to economic development, social change, political cohesion and cultural progress. Key Words: Music, contributions, economic, social, cultural, living standards, quality of life, Africa, music industry Title: Informal music training in early childhood musical development Author: Strumpf, Mitchel Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 24-30 June 2001 Associated project: Paper presented at the African Regional Arts Education Conference in port Elizabeth, South Africa Summary: This report deals with music education in Malawi and Zimbabwe and offers suggestions of ways to improve formal, in-classroom music education in both countries. Key Words: Music training, early childhood, musical development, Malawi Title: Workshop on the development of the music industry in Africa Author: The Development Research Group on International Trade Commissioning Party: World Bank Date: 20-21 June 2001 Associated project: Participants include Amartya Sen, Paul Collier, J Michael Finger, Frank Penna, David Saryek, Gerard Seligman, John Collins, Coenraad Visser, Jerome Reichman, Phil Hardy, Scott Burnett, Keith Maskus Website: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCEERD/Resources/CWI_music_industry_in_Africa_synopsis.pdf Summary: This workshop focused on the development of the music industry in Africa with contributions from international and African experts. Topics ranged from the WTO and Trips
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agreements, economies of African states, the role of the cultural industries in poverty alleviation, the Nashville experience, creating and sustaining markets for African music, how the various players in the music industry market money, the legal and intellectual property rights frameworks, public domain music, the role of collection societies, digital solutions as well as how to create an African music industry. Key Words: Africa, music industry, West Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, World Bank, economics, social contribution, cultural industry, Nashville, Congo, Ghana, South Africa, markets, legal framework, collection societies, African music industry
2002 Title: Culture and Peace: the Search for Indicators Author: Mazonde, I N Commissioning Party: International Network for Cultural Diversity Date: 2002 Associated project: Presented at the INCD meeting in Cape Town, Author from University of Botswana Title: Scholarly publishing in Africa Author: African Book Collective and the Dag Hammarskjold Foundation Date: Jul-02
2003 Title: Guide to Pan-African cultural markets, professional networks and research resources Author: Brereton, Kira Commissioning Party: African Marketplace Inc, Cultural Engineering, Inc. Date: May, 2003 Associated project: African Marketplace Inc, Cultural Engineering, Inc. Website: http://www.culturalengineering.com/uploadfiles/AMP_CE%20GUIDE.pdf Summary: This guide commissioned by the African Marketplace Inc (a not for profit organisation that promotes the understanding and appreciation of the global influence of the African Diaspora) covers the following sectors: fashion, literature, media, multi-disciplinary, music, performing arts, tourism and visual arts. It includes a questionnaire for participation in future editions. The Guide consists of a brief description and associated contact information for thousands of Festivals, Cultural markets, Professional Networks, and Research resources all either part of the African Diaspora or demonstrating a strong emphasis on Pan-African arts and culture. Key Words: Guide, African Markets, Festivals, cultural markets, Research, African Diaspora
2004 Title: Les industries culturelles des pays du Sud : enjeux du projet de convention internationale sur la diversité culturelle Author: M. Francisco d’Almeida et Mme Marie Lise Alleman, Commissioning Party: Association Culture et développement
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Date: Aug-04 Associated project: Association Culture et développement Summary: This report was written for the Intergovernmental Agency of the Francophonie (AIF) and the High Council of the Francophonie. It is their contention that this is the first comprehensive attempt to assess the economic importance of the cultural industries of the South. Their study highlights the shortage of comprehensive data on these industries and the need to harmonize data collection procedures to arrive at a common 'model' for the international community. They argue for the identification of indicators to measure the current and potential contribution of cultural industries; ability to pinpoint structural obstacles to the development of cultural insures that require public policy solutions and to explore the economic and cultural rationale for international convention on cultural diversity. They conclude that the diversity of cultural industries in the South precludes their characterisation as an homogenous entity. Therefore policies directed at these industries will need to be diverse. Key Words: Francophonie, AIF, cultural industries, Africa, data collection, policy, cultural diversity, indicators. Title: Nairobi Plan of Action for Cultural Industries in Africa Author: African Union Commissioning Party: African Union Date: 10-14 December 2005 Website: www.africa-union.org Summary: The Nairobi Plan of Action (2005) replaces the Dakar Plan of Action (1992) taking into account developments in the interim years. It offers a situational analysis of the cultural industries in Africa and presents a plan of action for the development of endogenous cultural industries in Africa with the perspective of setting up an African cultural common market. Specific measures to be taken by pan-African organisations, UNESCO as well as member states are outlined to support the growth and development of the cultural industries in Africa. Key Words: Nairobi Plan of Action, Dakar Plan of Action, cultural industries, Africa, UNESCO, African Union, African cultural common market. Title: For most Africans, Internet access is little more than a pipe dream Author: Alden, Chris Commissioning Party: Online Journalism Review Date: 2004 Associated project: Online Journalism Review Website: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/107109268.php Summary: This review of internet use in Africa based on the World Summit on the Information Society reveals the lack of computers, training or economics essential to affording and using new technology. The case of Ethiopia is presented with less than 0.1 percent of the population ever having seen the internet. Facts from Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, Benin, Ghana, Madagascar, Kenya, Nigeria and Rwanda are given. Key Words: Africa, internet, digital divide, information society, internet use, Ethiopia Title: Cultural Indicators: Views from Africa Author: OCPA Commissioning Party: OCPA Date: March/ August 2004
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Associated project: Drafted by the Task Force on Cultural Indicators of Human Development in Africa for presentation at the Congress of Cultural Rights and Human development under the auspices of the Forum Barcelona, Mozambique Website: http://www.culturalrights.net/descargas/drets_culturals80.pdf Summary: This paper documents the work of an interdisciplinary and complementary team during two seminars in Maputo during 2004. The purpose of the work was to provide a specifically African perspective on cultural indicators for human development. Priority indicators are presented including governance, equity, cultural liberties, creativity and cultural entrepreneurship, knowledge generation and management, as well as capacity building, gender and HIV/Aids. Key Words: Cultural indicators, cultural diversity, Africa Title: Take Note! The (Re)naissance of the music industry in Sub-Saharan Africa Author: Development Works Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: Jun-04 Associated project: Paper prepared for The Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity: Division of Arts and Cultural enterprise, Unesco, Paris Website: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/26323/11127048393Global_Alliance_Tool_-_Music_Industry_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.doc/Global%2BAlliance%2BTool%2B-%2BMusic%2BIndustry%2Bin%2BSub-Saharan%2BAfrica.doc. Summary: This report explores six themes relating to the music economies of Sub-Saharan Africa. These are: the size of the African music economy as reflected in market value assessments; the major differences pertaining to the status of the music industry in different countries in terms of evidence of the developmental stages which both the recording and live performance sectors have achieved; music genres in terms of the share of the market captured by local repertoire and common music genres across the region; the contextual factors that define the condition of the music industry in the region. These include socio-cultural, political and economic factors; overviews of the production and consumption patterns in the recording and live performance industry value chains respectively, in terms of different markets, value chain segments and role-players. Key Words: Sub-Saharan Africa, African music economy, developmental stages, music genres, recording and live performance sectors, socio-cultural, political and economic factors, production and consumption patterns, value chains, role players, music industry, music sector, UNESCO Title: Musicians' cooperatives: a new model for developing the African music industry Author: IFM, Unesco Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: Nov-04 Title: Publishing in Africa Author: Kromberg, Steve Commissioning Party: HSRC, South Africa Date: 2004 Associated project: Part of the HSRC research team for DACST to establish a cultural observatory Website: www.culturalobservatory.org.za
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2005 Title: Under-rated Arts Author: Brickhill, Paul Date: 2005 Associated project: Magazine for Development and Cooperation Website: http://www.inwent.org/E+Z/content/archive-eng/12-2005/tribune_art4.html Title: UNESCO: Culture, Integration and African Renaissance Author: Matsuura, Koichiro Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 13-Dec-05 Associated project: Address on the occasion of the Conference of Ministers of Culture of the Africa Union Website: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/01427/142796e.pdf Summary: This address was given in Kenya on the theme 'Culture, Integration and African Renaissance' has as its starting point the 'glaring absence' of culture from the action plan of NEPAD and that the 'entire approach, the entire quest for the African renaissance rests on cultural postulates'. The address touches on the links between culture and development, the importance of cultural heritage for cultural unity as well as the significance of cultural industries in Africa. It notes that little progress has been made since the adoption of the 1992 Dakar Plan of Action for the Development of Cultural Industries and that in addition there have been substantial changes and advances in technologies since then. The address also emphasises that language is a key instrument in research and that partnerships enabling South-South and triangular solidarities need to be explored. Key Words: Culture, Integration, African Renaissance, Dakar Plan of Action, cultural industries, partnerships, South-South partnerships Title: What is Digital Arts in Africa? Author: DigiArts, UNESCO Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 2005 Associated project: UNESCO Knowledge Portal Website: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=24376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Title: Interview with Gaston Kabore Author: The Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 2005/11/10 Associated project: UNESCO Website: http://portal.unesco/org/culture/en/ev/php-URL_ID=26989URL_DO=DO_Topic& … Summary: This Global Alliance interview with one of Africa's most famous filmmakers, Gaston Kabore touches on many issues of relevance to African film industry. These include training and professionalism including his company 'Imagine", film distribution as the key control of the cinema industry, the impact of digital technologies, whether mobile cinema is a solution to the
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lack of cinema viewing halls in Africa, the role of television and whether a vibrant film market can be developed in Africa. Key Words: Gatson Kabore, filmmaker, Africa, Burkina Faso, film industry, digital technologies, mobile cinema, television, training Title: Africa music: new challenges, new vocations Author: Tchebwa, M Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 2005 Associated project: UNESCO Website: www.unesco.org/publishing Summary: This book provides an overview of Africa as the home of a kaleidoscope of musical traditions and discoveries. It documents the multiple forms of African music and shows how they are firmly rooted in the social and cultural concerns of Africa societies. It documents the challenges of globalisation and the internet showing how trade has abolished frontiers with cultural capitalism advancing daily and the rise of digital piracy. It asks whether small African production studios can protect the musical heritage and the development of Africa's cultural industries from multinational record companies and whether artists should accept the pirating of their work by new technologies. Key Words: Africa, music, heritage, internet, globalization, digital piracy, small production,
2006 Title: National Conference on Culture and NEPAD Author: National Commission on Culture, Ghana Commissioning Party: National Commission on Culture Date: 18/05/2006 Website: http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/indes1/php?linkid=65&archiveid=159&page=1&adate=… Summary: This report details the workshops held by the National Commission on Culture in Ghana. The objectives of these workshops were to examine the dimensions of culture relevant to the realization of the NEPAD goals and to make recommendations for inclusion of cultural dimensions in the NEPAD framework Key Words: National Commission on Culture, NEPAD, Ghana, workshops, socio-economic development Title: Charter for African Cultural Renaissance Author: African Union Commissioning Party: African Union Date: 23rd -24th January 2006 Associated project: Sixth Ordinary Session of the Assembly, held in Khartoum, Sudan Website: www.africa-union.org/root/au/documents/treaties/text/charter%20-%20African%20cultural%20Renaissance-en.pdf Summary: This Charter for African Cultural Renaissance replaces the 1976 Cultural Charter for Africa and deals with objectives and principles, African cultural diversity, identity and renaissance, cultural development, use of African languages, use of mass media, the role of
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states in cultural development, Intra and inter African cultural co-operation and Africa and the African Diaspora. Key Words: Africa, culture, renaissance Title: The Promotion and Protection of Africa's Cultural Products: Advocacy Statement Author: African Union Commissioning Party: African Union Date: 06-Dec-06 Associated project: Advocacy Statement Website: http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Shared_ASP_Files/UploadedFiles/0DD2D9DE-E737-4839-B5F1-11F4B3B53102_Cultural_products_protection_advocacy_statement_2.pdf Summary: This Advocacy statement addresses the problem of African cultural products being made all over the world without benefit to the African originators. Third parties exploit African designs without authority, acknowledgement or benefit-sharing and also at times obtain intellectual property rights over their 'new' or 'original' designs. This results in concerns that not only is the style of the indigenous design misappropriated, but is all too often in a disrespectful or inappropriate manner. It calls for instruments to be designed to address the protection of the full range of African cultural products . Key Words: Africa, promotion, cultural products, cultural manifesto, traditional cultural expressions, local economies Title: Culture And Poverty Alleviation in Africa: A review of the cultural effectiveness of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers in West and Central Africa Author: Sagnia, Burama Commissioning Party: International Network for Cultural Diversity Date: Oct-06 Associated project: A report prepared for the Conference on African Cultural Sector Development, Goiree Island, Dakar, Senegal, 5-7 March 2007 Website: http://www.hivox.nl/english/english/arterial/background-materials Summary: This paper was commissioned as a background document for the Conference on African Culture Sector Development and served two purposes: a) to provide a cultural review and critique of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) of 9 countries in West and Central Africa to determine the manner and extent to which cultural issues and concerns have been accommodated and b) to reveal how creative industries have been incorporated and prioritised in the PRSP, national development strategies and budgets. It proposes strategies for reinforcing the case for culture in PRSP and other sector development strategies. Key Words: PRSPs, Africa, cultural effectiveness, cultural industries, creative industries, sector development policies, strategies Title: Compendium of Reference Documents for Cultural Policies in Africa Author: OCPA Commissioning Party: OCPA Date: 2006 Associated project: Published in cooperation with UNESCO Website: http://ocpa.irmo.hr/activities/publics/indexen.html and http://ocpa.irmo.hr/activities/newsletter/2009/OCPA_News_No223_20090226.pdf Summary: This document was developed and published by OCPA in co-operation with UNESCO, the International Organization of the Francophonie and the Swiss Commission for
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UNESCO. The book includes a collection of reference texts, resolutions, recommendations and declarations concerning culture and its role in development in Africa, adopted since the 1960's, namely by the OAU/AU, UNESCO and the International Organization of the Francophonie (OIF).The Compendium also contains an introductory Overview of Objectives and Priorities of Cultural Policies in Africa - From the Pan African Manifesto (1969) to the Charter for the Cultural Renaissance of Africa (2006), as well as a bibliography of some 600 documents and publications concerning cultural policies and cultural development in Africa from the UNESCO and OCPA databases. Key Words: Reference documents, Cultural Policies, Africa, OCPA, AU, OCPA
2007 Title: Creative economy and poverty eradication in Africa: principles and realities Author: Kovacs, Mate, OCPA Commissioning Party: OCPA Date: 15-Apr-07 Associated project: OCPA website Summary: The central message of this paper is that despite numerous policy declarations and guidelines as well as thorough assessments of the cultural industries in Africa (such as the Nairobi Plan of Action), the prevailing strategies and planning practices continue to ignore in general the cultural realities and assets of the African continent. The paper argues that the creative economy is a sustainable development strategy and points to the variety and multiplicity of initiatives taken in various countries. The international cultural market imposes an imperative on African countries to realise the objectives of the Convention on the preservation and protection of the diversity of cultural expressions and for the international community to share expertise and resources to assist in this endeavour. Key Words: Cultural industries, Africa, Convention on the preservation and protection of the diversity of cultural expressions, creative economy, sustainable development Title: The Arterial Conference: Vitalising African cultural assets Author: Arterial Conference Commissioning Party: Arterial Network Date: 5-7 March 2007 Associated project: Conference Report Website: http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/docs/arterial_conference_report_en.pdf Summary: This report of the Arterial Network Conference titled 'Vitalising African Cultural Assets' covered aspects relating to African cultural assets, African cultural sector, UNESCO's Convention, economic sustainability, arts and culture management and capacity building, cultural cooperation and exchange, lobbying and organisation building, funding as well as proposals for practical projects to address some of the key challenges. The report serves as a basis for planning, networking and action to address the primary themes and issues emanating form the conference. Key Words: Arterial Network, cultural assets, Goiree Island, Senegal, African cultural sector, UNESCO, economic sustainability, arts and culture management, cultural cooperation, funding Title: Economic sustainability in African Culture Sector Author: Brickhill, Paul
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Commissioning Party: Presented at the Arterial Network conference, 'Revitalising Africa's assets'. Date: 2007 Associated project: Arterial Network Summary: This short discussion presented at the Arterial Conference 'Revitalising Africa's Assets' asks questions about what fuels the growth of the cultural sector in Africa, what the main markets are, are new markets emerging, etc. It notes that the creative sector is not accorded economic status equivalent to other industries and is rather framed by intrinsic social value resulting in arts practitioners arguing that homegrown culture which drives intellectual and social synergy in the continent is massively under-valued. Key Words: economic sustainability, African cultural sector, growth, markets, social value, artistic heritage, production and distribution capacity, publishing, music recording, film distribution Title: Culture - what culture? Author: Guchu, Wander Commissioning Party: Arterial News Vol2 No 2 Date: Mar-07 Associated project: Arterial Network Title: Start small, think big Author: Mbewe, Nebat Commissioning Party: Arterial Network Date: Mar-07 Associated project: Arterial News Vol 2 no 4 Key Words: Mass media, coverage, arts journalism, SABC, editorial Title: Concept Note Author: African Union Commissioning Party: African Union Date: Apr-07 Associated project: The Second Session of AU Conference of Ministers of Culture (CAMC2) Website: www.african-union.org Summary: This concept note highlights the objectives of the roundtable 'Strengthening Partnership between African Cultural Institutions and the African Union' and the Conference of Ministers of Culture (19-23 October 2008) and sets up the precedents for the meeting, the agenda as well as the expected outcomes, in particular the African Cultural Policy Framework. Key Words: Africa, African Union, African Cultural Policy Framework, Cultural Institutions, Partnership Title: The Power of Culture: Master Plan African Art Sector on the way Author: Unknown Date: Apr-07 Website: http://www.powerofculture.nl/en/current/2007/april/arterial.html Title: Capacity building for cultural enterprise Date: 2007 Website: http://www.defsa.org.za/2007conference/documents/papers/JackieGuille.pdf
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Summary: This photo document presentation focuses on the 25 bilateral focus countries (16 of which are in Sub Saharan Africa) eligible for DelPHI funding and highlights the need to develop capacity for cultural enterprises in many of these countries. Using vivid photos of craft projects throughout the region and UNESCO programmes the document showcases existing craft enterprise development in the region. Key Words: UNESCO, photo gallery, craft enterprises, cultural enterprise, income generation, DelPHI funding. Title: African Film Industry needs Better Training to Survive Author: Mbewe, Nebat Commissioning Party: Arterial Network Date: Mar-07 Associated project: Arterial News Vol 1 No 1 Title: Introducing MASA (Market for African Performing Arts) Author: MASA Commissioning Party: MASA Date: 2007 Associated project: Website: http://www.masa.francophonie.org/english/presentation/presentation.htm Summary: MASA was created in 1993 by the Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie to promote African artists and their works and incorporate them into international distribution channels. It is a Pan African project. This note introduces the work of Masa. Key Words: MASA, Francophonie, Pan African, African artists Title: Visual arts in Africa: plagued by a litany of problems & obstacle Author: Owoo, John Commissioning Party: Arterial Network Date: Mar-07 Associated project: Arterial News Vol 2 no 6 Website: http://www.imagineafrica.org/files/Arterial_Conference_Report.pdf
2008 Title: Creative Industries: the under-utilized African resources Author: Demilew, Abiy Commissioning Party: Creative Africa Website Date: 2008 Associated project: on Creative Africa website Website: http://www.creative-africa.org/creative-africa_2008/index.php?option=com_c Summary: This commissioned piece reflects on the inability of Africa to respond creatively and effectively with the global creative economy resulting in an under-utilization of Africa's resources and the potential for the impoverishment of the cultural heritage of African countries. It highlights the establishment of the Accra Group in Ghana in April 2008 as a mechanism both to mobilise creative sector stakeholders in each national context and as a starting point for the implementation of the Nairobi Plan of Action.
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Key Words: Accra Group, Ghana, creative economy, cultural heritage, Africa, African countries, Nairobi Plan of Action Title: Culture, a lever for development in Africa Author: UNESCO Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 2008 Associated project: Meeting Debate in Culture, economy, regional integration Website: http://appablog.wordpress.com/2008/12/12/culture-economy-regional-integration-cult..
2009 Title: The African Cinema doesn’t exist Author: Ondega, Ogova Commissioning Party: The Power of Culture Web site Date: Feb-09 Website: http://www.powerofculture.nl/en/current/2009/february/fespaco Summary: This short piece laments the lack of a 'film industry' in Africa despite the many films produced in Africa. The problems facing the development of 'African cinema' are highlighted with a particular emphasis on the role of France. Key Words: African cinema, France, film industry,
Unknown date Title: Africa and transnational cultural industries Author: Perman, Tony Associated project: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Website: http://www.afrst.uiuc.edu Summary: This short paper from the Outreach Program of the Centre for African Studies reflects on the impact of globalisation on the cultural industries of the poorer countries of Africa. Key Words: Africa, cultural industries, globalisation, Outreach Programme of the Centre for African Studies Title: Africa: Media research is still a problem: Blind leading the Blind Author: Koenderman, Tony Summary: This short piece reflects on the problems of media research in pan-African advertising. This is largely as a result of the wave of deregulation and privatisation which fostered the emergence of dozens of commercial broadcasters on the African continent. Very little credible audience research accompanies their sales pitches. This makes selling advertising very difficult. The paper looks at the work of the Pan African Media Research Organisation (PAMRO) as well as the All Media and Product survey in South Africa, Zambia, Kenya, Namibia and Ghana. Key Words: media research, Africa, All Media and Product survey, South Africa, Zambia, Kenya, Namibia, Ghana, Pamro, TV Africa, advertisers, commercial broadcasters
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Title: African Cultural Policy Resources Author: OCPA Commissioning Party: OCPA Website Website: http://ocpa.irmo.hr/resources/index-en.html Summary: This website lists African regional and local cultural policies as well as links to other relevant documentation, such as working papers, reports, conclusions and recommendations. Many agencies and institutions are covered including the AU, UNESCO, Culturelink resources, Foundations, African Regional and Sub-regional Organisations, African Regional and National Cultural Institutions, Other International and Regional Organisations, Cooperation Ministries and Agencies, Networks and Research Centres, Non-Governmental Organisations, Museums. African Cultural Policy Documents are listed according to year 1989-2007. African Cultural Policy References are listed according to agency/ institution such as the AU, UNESCO or according to Project, Events, Publications, Press Reviews, News and Listings. Key Words: African cultural policies, AU, UNESCO, Culturelink resources, foundations, African organisations, African institutions, national cultural institutions, international organisations, cooperation ministries, agencies, networks, research centres, non-governmental organisations, museums. African cultural policy documents, African cultural policy references, project, events, publications, press reviews, news, listings. Title: Project Archives Author: The Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity Commissioning Party: UNESCO Associated project: Web listing of projects relating to arts, culture, entrepreneurship in Africa Website: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31471&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC Title: African Cinema Author: TransAfrica Forum Commissioning Party: TransAfrica Forum Associated project: Issue brief Website: www.transafricaforum.org Summary: This short piece on African cinema gives a history to the emergence of the film industry in Africa and the production obstacles faces by African filmmakers. The piece looks at finance, production and distribution in African cinema and the dependence on Europe. The importance of the FESPACO fund is highlighted to encourage African filmmakers to take charge of the direction of the industry as well as the development of partnerships across borders. Key Words: African cinema, Africa, production, finance, distribution, Fespaco, fund, partnerships, Europe
Developing Countries Documents
Title: Putting Culture First: Commonwealth perspectives on culture and development Author: Commonwealth Foundation Commissioning Party: Commonwealth Foundation Date: 01-Nov-08
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Associated project: Commonwealth Foundation Summary: Putting Culture First is the product of consultation with representatives from government, civil society and the culture and development sectors across the Commonwealth, carried out during 2008. It acknowledges the lack of recognition given by the Commonwealth to the links between culture and development. The booklet highlights 7 key connections between culture and development: the creative economy and sustainable livelihoods, cultural policy and the 2005 UNESCO convention, Culture as a tool for development, as a process for development, cultural expression and negotiating identifies, culture, crisis and repression as well as rights and culture. Key Words: Culture, developing countries, commonwealth foundation, UNESCO convention, culture and development, Title: The cultural industries and development Author: Pagniet, Geraldine Commissioning Party: ACP Date: 2002 Associated project: in The Courier ACP-EU no 194 September - October, 2002 Website: http://ec.europa.eu/development/body/publicatins/courier/courier194/en/en-042-ni.pdf Summary: This article outlines the emergence of cultural industries in the ACP countries and proposes conditions under which they could flourish and generate development. Key Words: ACP, cultural industries, development, UNESCO, cultural services, copyright-based cultural industries Title: Globalization , creative industries and economy development: policy challenges for Developing Countries Author: Kozul-Wright, Zeljka Commissioning Party: UNCTAD Date: June 4, 2003 Associated project: UNCTAD and UN Partners Summary: The paper covers topics ranging from globalisation and new perspectives for culture, the definition of creative industries with a particular focus on the music industry in developing countries. Production and trade as well as opportunities and policy challenges for the music industry are considered. Mechanisms to upgrade creative industries, managing cultural trade, institution building for creative industries in developing countries as well as the need for a global cultural pact are discussed. In conclusion the paper assesses the flexibility that developing countries have to carry out independent policy initiatives in support of their domestic creative industries in the light of the global trading regime. Key Words: Unctad, music industry, developing countries, creative industries, global trading regime, Trips agreement, globalisation Title: Creative Industries and Development Author: UNCTAD Commissioning Party: UNCTAD Date: 04-Jun-04 Associated project: For 11th session, Sao Paulo, 13-18 June 2004 Website: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdxibpd13_en.pdf Summary: This 14 page report provides information on the state of the creative industries in developing countries in the light of its success in developed countries. Domestic policy
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weaknesses and global systemic biases are the two reasons for the marginal nature of creative industries in the world economy. The advantage to developing countries however is that creativity is deeply embedded in every country's cultural context such that with effective nurturing, these sources of creativity can open up new opportunities for developing countries to increase their shares of world trade and leap frog into new areas of wealth creation. Key Words: UNCTAD, creative industries, development, creativity, developing countries, trade Title: High level panel on creative industries Author: UNCTAD Commissioning Party: UNCTAD Date: 04-Jun-04 Associated project: For 11th session, Sao Paulo, 13-18 June 2004 Website: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs Summary: In 2004 a high level panel on creative industries comprising more than 40 eminent artists and experts from the cultural community, industry, academia, international organisations and civil society met in Sao Paola focused on the developing countries. A key concern was the inability of the developing countries to benefit from the employment expansion, value creation and technological upgrading associated with the creative industries and the need for policy intervention to facilitate market access. Key Words: High level panel, UNCTAD, Sao Paola, creative industries, developing countries, value creation, employment expansion, technological upgrading, market access Title: Creative industries and developing countries: voice, choice and economic growth. . Author: Barrowclough, Diana and Kozul-Wright, Zeljka, (eds.) Commissioning Party: UNCTAD Date: 2008 Associated project: UNCTAD and UN Website: www.unctad.org Summary: This book covers information relating to creative industries in developing countries and the impact these industries have on economic growth. Key Words: Developing countries, creative industries, economic growth, UNCTAD, Barrowclough, Kozul-Wright Title: High level panel on the creative economy and industries for development Author: UNCTAD Commissioning Party: UNCTAD Date: 14-15 January 2008 Associated project: As a pre UNCTAD X11 event in Geneva 14-15 January 2008. Website: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdxiibpd4_en.pdf Summary: In 2008 a high level panel on the creative economy and industries met in Geneva as a precursor to the 12th Session of UNCTAD held in Accra, Ghana. It focussed on the developing countries. The meeting discussed policy strategies, multilateral processes, national experiences, assessment tools and areas for international cooperation aimed at enhancing creative capacities in developing countries. Six themes were debated from policy options, trade gains, and intellectual property rights, cultural policies to capacity building and capturing trade and economic data. Key Words: Creative industries, developing countries, UNCTAD, high level panel, creative economy, trade figures and economic indictors, cross cutting policy
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Title: Creative Economy Report 2008: the challenge of assessing the creative economy: towards informed policy-making Author: United Nations Commissioning Party: UNCTAD Date: 2008 Associated project: UNCTAD and UN partners Website: http://www.unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=9750&intItemID=2068&lang=1 Summary: The so called "Creative economy" is an evolving concept based on the potential of "creative assets" to generate socio-economic growth and development, in a globalized world increasingly dominated by images, sounds, texts and symbols. At the heart of the creative economy lie the creative industries. Loosely defined, the creative industries are at the crossroads of arts, culture, business and technology and use intellectual capital as their primary input. Today’s creative industries range from folk art, festivals, music, books, newspapers, paintings, sculptures and performing arts to more technology-intensive subsectors such as the film industry, TV and radio broadcasting, digital animation and video games, and more service-oriented fields such as architectural and advertising services. The Creative Economy Report 2008 – the challenge of assessing the creative economy towards informed policy-making is the first comprehensive study to present the United Nations perspective on this emerging topic. This policy-oriented analysis is intended to facilitate a better understanding of the key issues underlying the emerging creative economy at national and international levels. It brings together contributions from five United Nations organizations, namely UNCTAD, UNDP UNESCO, WIPO and the International Trade Centre (ITC), in a joint endeavour to enhance policy coherence and international action in this area. The development dimension is the guiding principle of this Report which aims to assist developing countries to harness their creative economies and to maximize trade and development gains by recognizing the creative economy as a feasible development option for linking economic, technological, social and cultural development objectives of our contemporary society. It does this by discussing concepts, methodologies and the structure of the creative economy; sharing evidence-based analysis confirming that the creative industries constitute a new dynamic sector in international trade and suggesting directions for policy strategies. The statistical annex presents first-hand trade data and pioneering analysis of international trade flows of creative goods and services in world markets. The 350-pages Report recognizes that creativity and human talent are fast becoming powerful engines for economic growth and development, and calls for the adoption of effective cross-cutting mechanisms and concerted inter-ministerial policy action. Developing countries around the world can find ways to optimize the potential of the creative economy for generating economic growth, job creation and export earnings while at the same time promoting social inclusion, cultural diversity and human development. Key Words: creative economy, creative industries, feasible development option, cross-cutting mechanisms, statistics, cultural trade data, definitions, concepts, models, methodologies. Title: Cultural Diversity and the impact of globalization Author: Joffe, A et al Commissioning Party: HSRC, South Africa Date: 2003 Associated project: Paper prepared for the DAC, South Africa (via the HSRC) as a position paper for Developing Countries for the International Network on Cultural Policy Website: http://www.incp-ripc.org
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Summary: The paper takes as its point of departure the work of the International Network on Cultural Policy (INCP). The perspective taken in this paper is that of a developing country isolating both what the development priorities are as well as the status of cultural sectors in developing countries and how these interact. Specific focus is given to the cultural sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Having identified these it offers proposals for an instrument that would enhance the ability of developing countries to realise their cultural policy objectives. Key Words: Cultural diversity, globalisation, developing country, cultural industries, sub-Saharan Africa, SADC, trade, development, post-colonial societies, intellectual property rights, instrument, UNESCO, HSRC, cultural policy, heritage, music, film, craft, visual arts, publishing, cultural industries. Title: ICT in Developing Countries Author: Parliamentary office on science and technology Date: Mar-06 Associated project: Postnote No 261 Website: www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_offices/post/pubs2006.cfm Summary: The benefits of ICT is not being realised in developing countries. A particular focus on Africa is provided with examples from Mali, Zimbabwe, Senegal, Sub Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, Egypt and Tanzania. Technological developments and changes in the way new ICT are used can assist in bridging the 'digital divide'. The importance of NEPAD and the Commission for Africa are highlighted. Key Words: ICT, Developing Countries, Sub Saharan Africa, Africa, technology, digital divide, Tanzania, ICT4D
East Africa Documents
Title: East Africa in a frenzy of Film Festivals Author: Artsmatters.info Commissioning Party: Art Matters Date: 2005 Website: http://www.artmatters.info/frenzy.htm Summary: This short news piece announces that Uganda hosts an international film festival ahead of the Zanzibar International Film Festival and the African Cine Week of Nairobi. The festival is about cultural showcasing rather than a film market. Kampala is carving a niche in documentary films. Speakers include Mathia Diawara, an authority on African cinema as well as Dommie Yambo Odotte on the relationship between broadcasting and film production in East Africa. Key Words: Uganda, film, Zanzibar, East Africa, film festivals, FESPACO, Kampala, Manthi Diawara, African Cinema
SADC
Title: Southern African Development Community Sector of Culture and Information Policies, Priorities and Strategies
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Author: SADC Commissioning Party: SADC Date: May-98 Website: http://www.teledata.mz/sadccult/poling.htm Title: Establishment of the SADC Culture Trust Fund Author: SADC Commissioning Party: SADC Date: 30 April - 5 May 2001 Associated project: in Culturelink. 12 (34) August 2001, pages 29-31. Zagreb, Croatia Website: http://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1239810OW533K.13436&profile=liball&uri=search=SL~!Southern%20African%20Development%20Community%20Culture%20Trust%20Fund.&menu=search&submenu=subtab103&source=~!silibraries#focus Title: Protocol on culture, information and sport Author: SADC Commissioning Party: SADC Date: 26/07/2002 Associated project: SADC Website: http://www.tralac.org/scripts/content.php?id=437 Summary: This SADC Protocol was developed in the spirit of regional integration and co-operation to develop and implement policies and programmes in the areas of Culture, Sport and Information, to pool resources, to enhance regional identity in diversity and to ensure the right of access to information and participation in culture and sport. A number of articles deal with all aspects of culture, cultural industries, cultural heritage, festivals, copyright and neighbouring rights and language policy. Key Words: SADC protocol on Sport, Culture and Information, cultural industries, diversity, copyright, festivals, regional integration Title: The production of culture: towards a creative region Author: Joffe, A Commissioning Party: Presentation to INCD Date: 2002 Associated project: A synthesis of the bigger ILO project on culture in SADC Website: www.incd.net/Media/ILOPresentation.ppt Summary: This presentation summarises the ILO study on cultural sector's impact on small business and job creation in the SADC region coordinated by Avril Joffe. The presentation assesses the state of the cultural sector in the SADC region and analyses its importance to the region. Areas covered with examples from the SADC region across the music, visual and performing arts, ethno-tourism, film and video industries, include definitions of the cultural industries in Africa, tangible vs. intangible heritage, coordination and integration, cross border integration, funding for cultural events, international recognition vs. poor local acclaim, censorship and piracy, the role of government, markets, infrastructure, festivals and events, the leakage of talent, corporate support, coordinating bodies, the second or parallel economy, technology and telecommunications, training and development, spatial and geographic concerns, institutional frameworks and copyright and intellectual property.
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Key Words: Creative region, SADC, cultural, cultural industries, tangible product, intangible product, copyright, music, film, craft, visual arts, performing arts, video, ethno-tourism Title: The visual arts and crafts sector: promoting the cultural sector through job creation and small enterprise development in the SADC countries Author: The Trinity Session Commissioning Party: ILO Date: 2003 Associated project: For the ILO series on Upgrading in small enterprise clusters and global value chains Website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/empent/empent.Portal?p_lang=EN&p_prog=S&p_category=PUB&p_mode=PROD&p_lang=EN&p_type=WP Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harnesses local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. For this reason ILO commissioned a field research in the Visual Arts and Crafts Sector to provide more detailed information and case studies of culture enterprises in the SADC region, with an eye toward providing policy prescriptions that would help ameliorate the major constraints preventing the growth of small enterprises. Key Words: visual arts, crafts, value chain, entrepreneurship, job creation, small business development, skills, heritage, talent, globalisation, SADC, culture enterprises, policy Title: The Ethno-tourism industry: promoting the cultural sector through job creation and small enterprise development in the SADC countries Author: Bolnick, Steven Commissioning Party: ILO Date: 2003 Associated project: For the ILO series on Upgrading in small enterprise clusters and global value chains Website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/empent/empent.Portal?p_lang=EN&p_prog=S&p_category=PUB&p_mode=PROD&p_lang=EN&p_type=WP Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harnesses local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. For this reason ILO commissioned a field research in the Ethno-Tourism sector to provide more detailed information and case studies of culture enterprises in the SADC region, with an eye toward providing policy prescriptions that would help ameliorate the major constraints preventing the growth of small enterprises. The term Ethno-tourism is a term describing any excursion, which focuses on the works of humans rather than nature, and attempts to give the tourist an understanding of the lifestyles of local people. This has also been referred to as '‘indigenous tourism'’.
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Key Words: ethno-tourism, value chain, entrepreneurship, job creation, small business development, skills, heritage, talent, globalisation, SADC, culture enterprises, policy Title: The film and video industry: promoting the cultural sector through job creation and small enterprise development in the SADC countries Author: Joffe, A and Jacklin, N Commissioning Party: ILO Date: 2003 Associated project: For the ILO series on Upgrading in small enterprise clusters and global value chains Website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/empent/empent.Portal?p_lang=EN&p_prog=S&p_category=PUB&p_mode=PROD&p_lang=EN&p_type=WP Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harnesses local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. For this reason ILO commissioned a field research in the Film and Video Sector to provide more detailed information and case studies of culture enterprises in the SADC region, with an eye toward providing policy prescriptions that would help ameliorate the major constraints preventing the growth of small enterprises. Key Words: film and video industry, value chain, entrepreneurship, job creation, small business development, skills, heritage, talent, globalisation, SADC, culture enterprises, policy Title: The Music industry: promoting the cultural sector through job creation and small enterprise development in the SADC countries Author: Ambert, Cecile Commissioning Party: ILO Date: 2003 Associated project: For the ILO series on Upgrading in small enterprise clusters and global value chains Website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/empent/empent.Portal?p_lang=EN&p_prog=S&p_category=PUB&p_mode=PROD&p_lang=EN&p_type=WP Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harnesses local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. For this reason ILO commissioned a field research in the Music Sector to provide more detailed information and case studies of culture enterprises in the SADC region, with an eye toward providing policy prescriptions that would help ameliorate the major constraints preventing the growth of small enterprises. Key Words: music industry, value chain, entrepreneurship, job creation, small business development, skills, heritage, talent, globalisation, SADC, culture enterprises, policy
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Title: The Performing Arts and Dance: promoting the Cultural sector through job creation and small enterprise development in the SADC countries Author: Lebethe, A Commissioning Party: ILO Date: 2003 Associated project: For the ILO series on Upgrading in small enterprise clusters and global value chains Website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/empent/empent.Portal?p_lang=EN&p_prog=S&p_category=PUB&p_mode=PROD&p_lang=EN&p_type=WP Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harnesses local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. For this reason ILO commissioned a field research in the Performing Arts and Dance sector to provide more detailed information and case studies of culture enterprises in the SADC region, with an eye toward providing policy prescriptions that would help ameliorate the major constraints preventing the growth of small enterprises. Key Words: performing arts, dance, industry, value chain, entrepreneurship, job creation, small business development, skills, heritage, talent, globalisation, SADC, culture enterprises, policy Title: Piracy campaign Author: SAFACT Commissioning Party: South Africa.info – gateway to the nation Date: 15 April 08 Website: http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/media/dvd-piracy-190506.htm Summary: This short report highlights new anti-piracy programmes to persuade the audience that buying pirated material is not a good idea. South Africa’s Anti-Piracy Foundation has developed an initiative in which fake pirated DVDs are given to vendors at street corners. The buyer only realises they are fake when they play the DVD when a message appears saying: “Thank you for buying this DVD. Your R40 has been donated to the Anti Piracy Foundation. Piracy is a crime.” Key Words: Piracy, DVDs, fake, anti-piracy, South Africa
West Africa
Title: World Bank study of Ivory Coast, Senegal and Mali Author: Ouest Afrique Economie Commissioning Party: Ouest Afrique Economie Date: 2003 Website: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCEERD/Resources/CWI_music_industry_in_Africa_synopsis.pdf Title: Geographies de L'industrie musicale hip hop en Afrique de l'Ouest
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Author: Mbaye, Jenny Commissioning Party: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Quebec Date: 6 -7th May 2008 Associated project: Collègue international “Arts, territoires et nouvelle économie culturelle. La culture, un atout incontournable du développement urbain et régional? 76eme congres de L'ACFAS Summary: The objective of this communication is to explore political, cultural and economic geographies of the industry of music hip hop and to analyse its potential contribution in the development of the urban territory. Leaning on the example of the Dakar hip hop 'dakaroise' – crossroads of West Africa Hip Hop–, this article considers musical industry hip hop as a trans-local phenomenon linked to the economic and social development of the urban region. Aesthetics of today’s globalized culture; this music seems to establish itself as a concrete implement of claim and to represent a common answer of West African youth to the political and social deterioration of their locality. Key Words: West Africa, hip hop, music, Dakar, urban, youth, music industry, urban geography, cultural development, entrepreneurship. Title: West African Hip Hop: A transnational social movement Author: Mbaye, Jenny Commissioning Party: Private Date: 16-22 June 2008 Associated project: Aegis Cortona summer school in African studies, Cortona, Tuscany, 16-22 June 2008 Summary: This paper examines the links between hip hop music, cultural entrepreneurship and social change in two West African urban regions: Dakar and Ouagadougou. Among musical genres, Hip Hop has contributed to the vitality of the music industry and social change amongst the youth in the last 20 years. Hip hop music is presented as a cultural economy with the potential to socially empower West African youth via the creation of organisational and cultural forms that contribute to sustainable urban development. The players in this sector are both entrepreneurs and political actors. Key Words: West Africa, hip hop, music, Dakar, urban, youth, Ouagadougou, music industry, entrepreneurship Title: AURA (*) or some political production of hip hop music Author: Mbaye, Jenny Commissioning Party: Private Summary: For the last twenty years, Hip Hop in West Africa, among the few musical genres common to the whole region, has considerably contributed to the vitality of the local musical sector as well as to social change among the West African youth. Hip hop music has asserted itself through the articulation of new socio-cultural and ideologico-political perspectives. Drawing the nowadays globalised geographies of Hip Hop and its musical expression, this article suggests an analysis of the political production of hip hop musical from the West African collective, AURA. The mobilisation of those hip hop actors thus illustrates the application of the differential politics and the politics of difference inscribed in this musical genre in West Africa. Key Words: Hip Hop; AURA; political production; West Africa; rap music
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Botswana
Title: National Policy on Culture Author: Republic of Botswana Commissioning Party: Republic of Botswana Date: 2002 Website: http://www.gov.bw/docs/national_policy_on_culture_v2.pdf Summary: This is Botswana’s cultural policy adopted in 2002. It provides a vision for 2016 and touches on all areas relevant to culture such as identity, preservation, cooperation, tourism, environment, language, gender, children, and cultural sectors. Key Words: Botswana, vision 2016, policy on culture, cultural identify, preservation, cultural cooperation, tourism, environment, language, gender, children, sectors Title: Botswana conference focuses on strengthening the cultural industries Author: International Intellectual Property Institute Commissioning Party: IIPI Date: 2006 Associated project: IIPI Website: http://www.iipi.org/nav_newsroom/detail.asp?itemID-145 Summary: Text summarises the 3 day conference in Botswana on 'Establishing a National Collecting Society and Strengthening the Cultural Industries'. The workshop included an overview of Botswana copyright law and a discussion of trademarkers in the music industry, The Botswana Musicians Union explored the necessary ingredients for building artist based organisations, introduction to the local music industry of issues such as licensing mechanisms and deal terms, tips on breaking into various markets and how to protect musical works from international copyright thieves. Key Words: Botswana, copyright, cultural industries, musicians union, international copyright thieves Title: Culture and Peace: The Search for Indicators Author: Mazonde, I.N Commissioning Party: OCPA and Interarts Date: 2006 (undated) Associated project: University of Botswana Website: http://ocpa.irmo.hr/activities/meetings/maputo2006/Workshop_Final_Report-en.pdf Summary: This paper discusses conflict resolution and peace building from the perspective of culture. Cultural indices are presented as useful in the development framework of understanding conflict. Key Words: Cultural indicators, conflict, Africa
DRC
Title: Feux de Brazza: Rapport de la troisième édition Author: Unknown Date: 2008 Associated project: Festival populaire des musiques traditionnelles
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Summary: This French Language word document outlines the origins, process and impact of the Traditional Music Festival held in the DRC in 2008. Key Words: Feux de Brazza, DRC, traditional music, festival
Ghana
Title: Database for Cultural Initiative in Ghana: cultural industries/ enterprise Author: Cultural Industries Support Project (CISP) Commissioning Party: Cultural Industries Support Project Date: 2008 Website: http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/privatecontent/File/CISP%20Ghana/CISP%20DATABASE%20PHASE%201%20REPORT%20_2_(1).pdf Summary: Report on the findings of the Cultural Initiatives (Cis) survey phase one project conducted in 10 administrative regions of Ghana covering the background of cultural practitioners, materials, tools, production, labour, marketing and financial details of the cultural enterprises. Key Words: Database, cultural initiatives, Ghana, administrative regions, cultural practitioners, cultural enterprises, phase one, report Title: Music Awards 2001: Making Ghanaian music exportable Author: Collins, John Date: 2001 Associated project: Music Awards 2001 Paper Website: https://www.scientific-african.org/scholars/jcollins/collins/files/bib16/at_download, Summary: The paper covers the two markets for Ghanaian popular music: the internal market recorded fro the local market and the World music market. The latter has in the last 5 years been the fastest growing sector of the American music industry representing approximately 14% of the annual global record/cd sales. The paper explores the success of World music artists such as Youssou N'Dour, Salif Keita and Ali Faka Toure, Angelique Kidjo, Fela Kuti and Papa Wemba and Kanda Bongo Man. Details of the Ghanaian music sector by genre are explored as well as the lack of local role model musicians. The problem of taxes. The paper provides concrete proposals for Ghana to support its live commercial music and entertainment sector. Key Words: Ghana, music industry, West Africa, world music, Seligman Title: The Ghanaian experience Author: Collins, John Commissioning Party: World Bank Date: 2001 Associated project: Workshop on the development of the music industry in Africa, sponsored by the World Bank and the Policy Sciences Centre, Inc, Washington, DC Website: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/intceerd/resources/cwi_music_industry_in_africa_synopsis.pdf
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Summary: This presentation deals with the current structure and function of the music industry sector in 6 countries in terms of copyright legislation, collection society institutions, music unions and technology. It highlights the potential for music performances for tourism and domestic sales by focusing on Ghana as a case study. Finally it assesses the pros and cons of music piracy and policy options. Key Words: Ghana, music industry, West Africa, collection society institutions, music unions, technology, piracy, copyright legislation, World Bank
Kenya
Title: Consultative forum on arts and culture in Kenya Author: British Council Commissioning Party: British Council Date: 2005 Associated project: All Africa Arts Consultation Forum Summary: This report documents a meeting organised by the British Council in Nairobi as one of ten organised in Africa as part of the All Africa Arts Consultation Forum. The report assesses the ascendant and dominant art forms in Kenya, the notable trends and development over the past few years, the influences on the Kenyan arts and culture sector as well as priorities for support from the British Council. Key Words: British Council, Kenya, arts, creative industries, All Africa Arts Consultation Forum Title: Colonisation of Kenyan screens kills filmmakers, drives others into exile Author: Artmatters Commissioning Party: Art Matters Date: 2005 Associated project: Artmatters news Website: http://www/artmatters.info/film/colonisation.htm Summary: This news piece reflects on a debate about local content on Kenyan television and radio stations. The local content call has the support of the Kenyan Union of Journalists, artists and the independent audio visual sector but not that of the Nation Media Group which says it is 'a slap in the face of liberalisation'. Key Words: Kenya, film, local television and radio stations, local content, broadcasting, foreign programmes Title: Kenyans make low budget films Author: Art matters Commissioning Party: Art Matters Associated project: Art Matters Website: http://artmatters.info/film3.htm Summary: This news piece reflects on the ability of Kenyan filmmakers to make films despite lack of funds, poor economy and a deficient promotion and distribution network. The example of the film The Green Card is used to elaborate on a partnership with the private sector that resulted in a low budget film shot in under 21 days. Key Words: Kenya, Film, low budget, goodwill, The Green Card
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Mali
Title: Les rencontres Africaines de la Photographie, Bamako 2005 Author: Mercier, Jeanne Commissioning Party: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) Date: juin, 2006 Website: http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=evenement&no=62 Summary: The report documents the history of photography in Africa and how photographers have captured the people, their environment and their rituals through this medium. The report attempts to provide a measurement of the impact of the biennale in Africa across mass media. Key Words: Mali, Bamako, Photography Title: EU project in the cultural sector in Mali Author: Culture and creativity: vectors for development Commissioning Party: culture-dev.eu website Date: 2009 Associated project: EU project in the cultural sector in Africa Website: http://www.culture-dev.eu/documentation-generale/Culture-Dev.eu-mali_culture-ndomo_fr.pdf Summary: This webpage summary provides information on projects in specific countries outlining the context, the objectives and the impacts of these projects. This focus of this page is: Ndomo: L'école d'initiation et l'histoire d'un succès Key Words: EU, Mali, cultural projects, development
Namibia
Title: Creating a cultural policy for Namibia Author: Mans, Minette E Date: May 1 2000 Associated project: Arts Education Policy Review Website: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-64151059.html Summary: This article outlines the importance of a national cultural policy for Namibia. Mans describes how the policy was developed and discusses the purpose of a cultural policy and the concerns and recommendations for the implementation of the policy. Key Words: art education, cultural awareness, culture, dance education, education policy, elementary secondary education, fine arts, foreign arts, foreign countries, music education, public policy, theatre arts Title: Namibia Intellectual Property Conference - Supporting Culture Based Industries Author: IIPI Date: November 15-17, 2006 Associated project: Website: http://www.iipi.org/Conferences/Namibia_IP_Conference/Agenda.asp
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Summary: This conference was dedicated to the role of intellectual property in supporting culture based industries. The website offers links to authors as well as their presentations. Topics discussed and presented include copyright, trademarks and geographic indications for SMMEs, marketing of handicrafts, the role of IP in marketing creative assets, cultural counterfeiting, traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expression and creative industries, Namibia’s copyright provisions, enforcement of trademarks or geographic indications. Key Words: IP, cultural industry, creative industries, intellectual property, marketing, handicraft, Namibia, traditional knowledge, enforcement, geographic indications, trademarks
Nigeria
Title: Nigeria 'Nobody knows tomorrow' Author: Nwandiko, Emeka Commissioning Party: New African Date: May 2006 Associated project: New African Website: http://mountainrunner.us/2006/06/nigeria_nobody_.html Summary: This news article speaks about the growth of Nollywood and its portrayal of and the impact on Africa culture. Nigerian films are well received in Africa and are far cheaper than the American movies they are displacing. Key Words: Nigeria, Nollywood, African culture, Nigerian films, film industry Title: The Obasanjo years: motion without movement for arts, entertainment Author: Abodunrin, Akintayo Commissioning Party: Private Date: Tuesday 22nd May, 2007 Associated project: Nigerian Tribune Website: http://www.tribune.com.ng/22052007/arts.html Summary: This news piece appraises the arts and entertainment sector during the eight years of the Obasanjo government. He concludes that the benefits for the sector are ambivalent. The author argues that the sector survived mainly on the patronage of corporate concerns and the resilience of stakeholders. Key Words: Obasanjo, arts and entertainment sector, Nigerian, filmmakers, corporate support, stakeholders Title: Empowering the black creative class Author: Aina, Yetunde Commissioning Party: Jadeas Trust Date: Mar-07 Associated project: Jadeas Trust Website: www.jadeastrust.org Summary: This article looks at how 'blackness' remains an important defining factor and its impact or potential impact on the fortunes of the black creative class worldwide. In this light, the Black Heritage City project is assessed for its ability to put Lagos on the international radar as a creative city.
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Key Words: Black, Nigeria, Lagos, Creative Economy, creative city, Jadeas Trust, Black Heritage City, black creative class Title: A movie industry in search of investors Author: Special correspondent, Lagos Commissioning Party: All Africa.com Date: June 19, 2001 Associated project: All Africa.com Website: http://allafrica.com/stories/200106190023.html Summary: This short piece reflects on a two day summit on motion picture content and distribution in Lagos which posed two questions: What would an authentically Nigerian film be like? What’s the best way to distribute it to ensure maximum returns of the producers or investors? Players in the Nigerian film industry, such as Ola Balogun, Tony Osagie Abulu and Zik Zulu Okafor, are quoted. Key Words: Nigeria, movies, movie industry, Lagos, culture, film Title: The Nigerian Film Industry Author: Various Commissioning Party: Africa Update Newsletter Date: Spring 2004 Associated project: Africa Update Vol.X1, Issue 2 (Spring 2004) Website: http://www.ccsu.edu/afstudy/upd11-2.html Summary: This special edition of Africa Update Newsletter focuses on the Nigerian Film Industry with contributions from Dr Gloria Emeagwali, Tayo Aderinokun, Femi Odugbemi, Toyin Akinosho and Jahman Anikulapo from CORA and Ayele Bekerie. The edition discusses the prolific output of Nigerian screen writers and producers from papers produced for the 50th Art Stampede Session of the Committee for Relevant Art (CORA) held in Nigeria in 2004. The economics of Nigerian film, art and business is the subject of Tayo Aderinokun's paper while Femi Odugbemi (President of Independent Television Producers of Nigeria) starts off his paper with what the President said 'Film as national patrimony' to argue for a new political consensus for a vibrant film industry. Key Words: Nigeria, film industry, art and business, economics, Screen writers, producers, Nigerian cinema, CORA Title: Reinventing Nollywood: the role of the mafia in the development of the Nigerian Film Industry Author: Aina, Yetunde Commissioning Party: Private Date: Nov-08 Associated project: Creative Clusters 2008, London, UK Summary: This presentation provides an overview of the origins and development of Nollywood, the significance of the development, the impact of this creative economy on Lagos and the role of the mafia. The particular issue of distribution and piracy is the focus of this assessment. Key Words: Nigeria, film, distribution, piracy, mafia, black people Title: Nigerians market their country through film Author: Artmatters
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Commissioning Party: Art Matters Website: http://www.artmatters.info/nigeria1.htm Summary: This artmatters piece discusses the straight-to-video model of the Nigerian film industry. Key Words: Nigeria, straight-to-video, audiovisual, films Title: The Nigerian video industry as an example of import substitution Author: Kunzler, D Website: www.suz.unizh.ch/khenzler/grey/bergen1.pdf Summary: This paper argues that the Nigerian video industry is an example of import substitution and assesses why it is that the videos are so popular across the region. The paper analyses the tree production centres in Nigeria with an economic perspective on the video production, the overall economic importance of the Nigerian video industry as well as attempting a basic approach to evaluate the relevance of Nigerian videos outside Nigeria. Key Words: Nigeria, video industry, import substitution, motion picture, FESPACO, Ghana, cinema industry, videos, popular culture, oil boom Title: National Information Technology Policy, "Use It": Chapter 11: Arts, Culture and Tourism Author: Nigerian government Commissioning Party: Nigerian Government Website: http://www.nitda.gov.ng/document/nigeriaitpolicy.pdf Summary: Chapter 11 deals with Arts, Culture and Tourism and how it needs to be used to project a positive image of Nigeria's arts and culture and creative wealth. The particular focus is on safeguarding manuscripts and preserving cultural artefacts, promoting Nigerian cultural heritage on the digital superhighway, promote business and tourist activities and generate revenue as well as enable Nigerians to become providers of internet content on the web. Key Words: ICT, Nigeria, policy statement, culture, cultural heritage, digital, internet
Senegal
Title: Etude - Diagnostic du secteur de la culture Author: Tambadou, Moustapha (Ministère de la Culture) Date: 1999 Summary: This private paper reviews the status of culture and cultural industries and provides an assessment of the sector. Its focus is on the economics and finance of the cultural sector. Key Words: Senegal, Dakar, Minister, Plan of Action, Diagnostic, culture, cultural industries Title: Employment generation and Trade Expansion in Creative Industries: the case of the film, video and broadcast industry in Senegal Author: Joffe, A with research input from Abdoul Sow Commissioning Party: ILO Date: January 30th 2004 Associated project: As part of the proposal by ILO, UNCTAD and UNESCO to the ACP Secretariat to conduct a project on creative industries
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Summary: This paper was commissioned as a case study for the ILO in its partnership with UNESCO and UNCTAD to make a case to the ACP secretariat to support further research into the creative industries in the ACP group of countries. An associated study was prepared for UNCTAD on the Music Industry in Senegal (see Pratt, A). The paper considers the role of film, video and broadcasting industries in development countries and compares the case of Francophone and Anglophone African countries in their support to the film, video and broadcast industry. It concentrates the bulk of the paper to the case of Senegal and evaluates the film and television value chain in Senegal to assess where blockages are located; it assesses the state of training in this sector in Senegal and the role and benefit of coordinating bodies and agencies active in the region. Finally the paper makes recommendations relating to human and cultural capital development, business and industry development, domestic and export market development and regulation and legislation. It concludes by comparing various periods in Senegal’s history and the impact they had on the development of the film, video and broadcasting industry. Key Words: Employment generation, trade expansion, creative industries, film, video and broadcast industry, Senegal, ILO, film and television value chain Title: The Music Industry in Senegal: the potential for economy development Author: Pratt, Andy with research input from Biram N'deck Ndiaye Commissioning Party: UNCTAD Date: 11-Mar-04 Associated project: As part of the proposal by ILO, UNCTAD and UNESCO to the ACP Secretariat to conduct a project on creative industries Website: www.lse.ac.uk/collections/geography/andenvironment/whossho/profiles/pratt/pdf/senegal.pdf Summary: This report reviews the music industry in Senegal, assesses the contribution it makes to the economy, explores the impact it could have on the national economy and makes recommendations to achieve this. The paper explores the potential structural, regulatory and institutional challenges that Senegal faces if it is to achieve the further development of its music industry. Key Words: Senegal, Dakar, Minister, Music, music industry, cultural industries, UNCTAD Title: OCPA and Interacts Experts meeting on Research Priorities Author: OCPA, Interarts Commissioning Party: OCPA Date: 16-17 November 2005 Associated project: Meeting convened in Dakar by OCPA, the Interacts Foundation (Barcelona, Spain) with the support of the Spanish Ministry of Culture on the occasion of the INCD meeting convened in co-operation with the Senegalese Coalition for Cultural Diversity and the Senegalese Coalition of Socio-Economic Actors. Website: http://ocpa.irmo.hr/activities/meetings/dakar2005/Experts_Meeting_Final_Report_2005-en.pdf Summary: This meeting of experts was a follow up to the meeting on cultural indicators and assessed the documents produced by the task force. The meeting identified priority themes as well as projects for cooperation in 2006-2008, identified the partners and funding bodies and drafted a research agenda with associated guidelines. This agenda includes culture and peace, culture and health, culture and poverty, traditional governance and an African Cultural Report. Key Words: cultural indicators, OCPS, 2006-2008, research agenda, Africa. Culture
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South Africa
General Websites HRSC – www.hsrcpress.ac.za DACST – http://www.dacst.gov.za/arts_culture/cutlure/industries/index.htm DAC – http://www.dac.gov.za/ DFA – http://www.dfa/gov.za/docs/speeches South Africa – http://www.southafrica.info/ Cultural Observatory – http://www.culturalobservatory.org.za Media Advertising, Print, Packaging and Publishing Sector Education and Training Authority – http://www.mappp-seta.co.za/archives.htm National Film and Video Foundation – http://www.nfvf.co.za Gauteng Film Commission – http://www.gautengfilm.org.za Western Cape Film Commission – http://www.capefilmcommission.co.za Durban Film Office – http://www.durbanfilmoffice.com Moshito Music Market and Conference – http://www.moshito.co.za Gauteng Arts and Culture – http://www.srac.co.za SA’s Music Information Portal – http://www.mio.co.za YFM radio station – http://www.yfm.co.za Cape Craft and Design Institute – http://www.capecraftanddesign.org.za Craft Council – http://www.craftcouncil.co.za South African music – http://www.music.org.za Visual Arts Network South Africa – http://www.vansa.co.za/resources _________________________________________________________
1998 Title: Creative South Africa Author: The Cultural Strategy Group Commissioning Party: DACST Date: November 1998 Country: South Africa Website: http://www.dacst.gov.za/arts_culture/culture/industries/index.htm
Summary: Creative South Africa primarily aimed at National Government. The report seeks to make the case that a flourishing cultural industry sector in South Africa will become a powerful means of defining South Africa’s distinctiveness and growth within the emerging global economy. Creative South Africa is also aimed at the levels of government (provincial and local) as well as the cultural industries themselves. The report seeks to stimulate dialogue between government, industry organisations, businesses and no-governmental organisations around future strategies for growth in the cultural industries. _________________________________________________________
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2000 Title: Profile 2000 Author: Price Coopers Waterhouse Commissioning Party: Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) Date: 2000 Summary: The purpose of the study is to document and describe the history of the South African Film Industry and to chart current initiatives that are impacting on the sector and make recommendations to government regarding the development of the sector. Recommendations include meeting the industry’s capital requirement needs; improving and reviewing fund allocation resources and allocation mechanisms; developing an internationally competitive skills base; and developing a comprehensive marketing strategy, SMME development strategy and audience development strategy. Title: European Union South Africa Film Symposium Author: National Film and Video Foundation Commissioning Party: National Film and Video Foundation Date: November 2000 Summary: The purpose of the film symposium was to come up with strategies on how to develop and sustain robust co-production and co-operation between the EU member states and South Africa. The film symposium included presentations from different stakeholders from the Netherlands, UK, France, Sweden and South Africa. The symposium found common points from the need for a film friendly government; the need for Incentives and Levies to be investigated; for Audience Development, Training and Development and Benchmarking; the need for more opportunities for South African films to be distributed and exhibited and for more communication between the NFVF and the industry _________________________________________________________
2001 Title: The Adult Arts and Culture and Arts and Culture Sponsorship Market in South Africa Author: BMI-Sport Info Commissioning Party: Business Arts South Africa (BASA), the National Arts Council of South Africa (NAC) and the Arts and Culture Trust (ACT) Date: October 2001 Associated project: BASA Website: http://www.basa.co.za/pdfs/1MUSICfinal.pdf Summary: The purpose of the study was to provide a market report on the consumptive behaviours of adult South Africans and also to assess the degree to which sponsorship from the private sector impacts on consumptive behaviour. The study also aimed to quantify sponsorship of and expenditure on the arts and culture in the country. 1 950 face-to-face interviews based on a structured questionnaire with adult South Africans from across the country were conducted. In addition, 270 companies were interviewed across a range of industry sectors. Music was found to be most closely associated with the phrase arts and culture in the minds of adults, with dancing, painting, artworks, theatre, craft, festivals and film/movies following. 72% of adults believe that government should continue to sponsor the arts, especially music and festivals.
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Title: The South African Music Industry Author: KPMG Commissioning party: KPMG Media and Entertainment Date: 2001 Website: http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=70494 Summary: The report presents a useful insight to the facts and trends within both the global and South African music industry. It also looks at the future potential of the industry. Findings relate in particularly to global and local trends. For example the report states that despite the decline in the South African music industry, the South African music has increased its market share to 23% of total sales by value during 2000 or 38% of total unit sales. The South African music industry faces substantial challenges in overcoming its current decline. In the future stakeholders will be grappling with local content quotas and ‘needle time’ as they search for an integrated strategy to drive the development of the industry. The report highlights the internet as a new distribution channel for music content. Today’s technology allows musicians to record and edit material inexpensively and to distribute and promote it over the Internet. It also allows them to test consumers’ reactions to their music, build an audience for their recorded performances, and even distribute their products entirely in the market space. _________________________________________________________
2002 Title: A survey of research outputs for the South African Music, Craft, Film and Television and publishing sectors between 1997 and 2002 Author: Unknown Commissioning Party: HSRC Cultural Observatory Date: 2002 Associated project: HSRC Cultural Observatory Website: www.culturalobservatory.org.za/ Summary: This document provides an overview of research conducted in South Africa in the creative industries. Most of this research is unpublished, commissioned by the DAC, and the purpose is to define and assess a previously under-researched area and provide a way forward for government and the players in the cultural sectors. The document lists the reports by sector and argue that the CIGS reports (Cultural Industry Growth Strategy reflected in the Creative South Africa report) are the founding and most important of these. The purpose of this document is to introduce the reader to what has been done thus far. Key Words: South Africa, research, cultural sector, 1997-2002, DAC, CIGS, music, craft, film and television, publishing Title: National Craft Imbizo Workshop Final Report Author: Monica Newton Commissioning Party: Department of Arts and Culture Date: November 2002 Associated project: Beautiful Things Exhibition Summary: The report comprised the proceedings of an evaluation workshop hosted by the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) at Eduworld Modderfontein on 28 & 29 November 2002. The objective of the workshop was to evaluate the success of the National Craft Imbizo 2002
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and Beautiful Things Exhibition linked to the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in September 2002. The objectives of the National Craft Imbizo, a partnership project between the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC), the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the provincial arts and culture departments are to broaden market opportunities; create awareness of the craft sector and achievements to date; provide an avenue for direct sales to the public; and provide documented and tested strategies for the implementation of National Craft Imbizo exhibitions. _________________________________________________________
2003 Title: Driving the Creative Industries in the Western Cape Author: Sean Kristarfor and Meshal Budhram Commissioning party: The Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town Date: November 2003 Associated project: MBA Programme Study Website: http://www.designindaba.com/advocacy/downloads/Driving.pdf Summary: The report investigates the literature and reviews existing studies regarding the concept called Creative Industries. A mapping study is conducted to understand the opportunities and characteristics of the individual industries and to provide an overview of the combined sub-set of creative industries. The economic impact assessment calculates the impact that the creative industries have on the South African economy, and this report concludes with evidence to support development of specific industries in the creative industries sub-set. It is also intended to assist in understanding and guiding the economic and social development of the creative industries sector in the Cape Peninsula, as well as to contribute towards the understanding and growth of the Creative Industries in South Africa. Findings include a lack of awareness of the Creative Industries; lack of understanding of the Creative Industries, lack of promotion of the Creative Industries; lack of education in the Creative Industries; the Creative Industries are crucial for competition within the knowledge-based economy; the insufficient data to effectively quantify the Creative Industries Title: Measuring Culture – developments globally to inform what we do locally Author: Avril Joffe, CAJ Commissioning party: HSRC and DAC Date: February 2003 Associated Project: Establishment of Cultural Observatory by HSRC on behalf of DAC Summary: The study looks at the developments globally to inform what should be done locally in the South African context. The report is a contribution to developing a statistical framework for prospective South African Cultural Observatory. The collection of cultural data is a relatively new phenomenon which dates to the two world cultural reports published by UNESCO in 1998 and 2000 and the establishment by UNESCO of an institute for statistics based in Montreal, Canada. This new institution generated indicates on culture and development, argued for cultural indicators as a tool for policy dialogue and guidance and developed an international framework for both quantitative and qualitative data. UNESCO published a study in 2000 on International Flows of selected cultural goods 1980-1988 that updates two previous studies (1986 and 1992). As countries have developed their capacity to generate statistics a new problem has emerged of too much data. Hence the Australian statistical organisation is
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questioning, for each statistic collected, ‘do we need it’ and ‘what will we be using it for’. Statistics are found to be useful as they tell us both the extent of cultural diversity in society and the strength of each of the cultural sectors. This assists the argument that ‘the arts economy is a significant contributor of the country’s economy’, that the ‘arts are important for self-respect as a nation’ and that ‘public sector patronage could encourage the arts to contribute to economic growth’. Most cultural data is collected under the following categories: creation, production, distribution, consumption and preservation. UNESCO’s framework for cultural statistics (FCS) published in 1986 uses the following categories: cultural heritage, printed matter and literature, music, performing arts, audio media, audio-visual media, socio-cultural activities, sports and games, environment and nature. The cultural statistics collection methods and experience in the following systems are reviewed: Australia, Canada, Finland, Philippines, France and Italy. Title: National Skills and Resources Audit 2003 Author: CreateSA Commissioning Party: CreateSA Date: 27 November 2003 Associated project: CreateSA Summary: The purpose of the study was to establish the labour market dynamics of the creative industries in South Africa, and to assess skills needs and shortages to inform skills development programmes. A survey sample conducted in two phases of 1059 enterprises/ organisations across sub-sectors comprising the creative industries. The postal and face-to-face survey was supplemented with 16 case studies. Key findings relate to enterprises. These are predominantly small and micro-enterprises, started after 2000, reporting turnover of less than R50 000 per annum. The primary challenges facing enterprises are alternative funding sources, keeping abreast of technological changes, market development, training and product development. Research & Development and technology are important tools for competitive production and service provision. Communication and information gathering are critical raw materials for production and services, with the news media playing a major role in information provision. Title: The Kwaito nation: an industry analysis Author: Yired Commissioning Party: YFM, South Africa Date: 2003 Website: http://www.mio.co.za Summary: The report aims to provide South Africa’s aspirant music stars with a sense that music is in fact a business that requires hard work and skills to make a success. In a series of mini case studies the report shows the multiple careers one can have in the music industry – from musician to businessperson. Key Words: music, business, skills, success, careers, businessperson, musician, stars, case studies Title: Strategic Recommendations for Industry Development (Discussion Guide) Author: Kaiser Associates Economic Development Practice Commissioning party: CCDI Date: July 2003 Associated Project: CCDI Export Development Pilot Programme
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Website: http://www.capecraftanddesign.org.za/research_folder/htm/niche/index.htm?6925d11c91e4ee8ac7ad3c1412e300c6=6713d13ca89078444f643390000d631c Summary: This report outlines the processes and results of the Market Research portion of the integrated Export Development Pilot Programme run by the Cape Craft & Design Institute (Mar – Sep 2003). Market Research Partners Kaiser Associates were contracted to investigate and report on local craft sector challenges and opportunities and two potential niche markets, namely the Soft Furnishings & Home Textiles UK / USA Market and the Fashion / Costume Jewellery – UK Market. Outcomes include two user-friendly export market guides, a local craft sector analysis and a comprehensive Strategy Discussion Guide. Title: “The Economics of Culture and Cultural Statistics in South Africa” Author: Haroon Bhorat and Mei-Chi Liou Commissioning Party: Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town Date: 2003 Associated project: HSRC Cultural Observatory Website: http://www.culturalobservatory.org.za/pdf_files/econ_of_culture.pdf Summary: The stated purpose of the study is to define culture and explore arguments as to why culture is important. The study also touches in cultural characteristics that positively or negatively impact on economic growth. A critique of the Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) research is also presented. The authors argue that economists have finally come to realise the importance of culture of the ability to influence the lives of people and economies. The authors set out to gather and analysis exist cultural statistics, recognising that cultural research is new and under developed in South Africa, a problem shared with other developing nations. They note that the cultural industries are difficult to define; in addition it is difficult to measure and quantity activities. The only national dataset that exist is contained with the Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) report, However the narrow scope of focus (4 sectors); the lack of statistical data making reliable estimates of size and economic contribution impossible and the inconsistency of data across all sectors, however the value of certain industry specific datasets is noted. Title: Workshop Report of the Free State Provincial Craft Conference Author: Monica Newton Commissioning Party: Free State Department of Sport, Arts, Culture, Science and Technology Date: 28 & 29 October 2003 Summary: The objective of the workshop was to Inform crafters of services and opportunities presented by various stakeholders in the craft sector; discuss issues, problems and opportunities currently facing the sector in the province and agree to the roles and functions of a Provincial Craft Body and appoint an interim steering committee to take the process of establishing the body forward.
Title: The Crafts and Visual Arts in the SADC Region Author: The Trinity Session Commissioning party: ILO Date: 2003
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Associated project: Promoting the Culture through Job Creation and Small Enterprise Development in SADC Countries Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harnesses local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. For this reason ILO commissioned a field research to provide more detailed information and case studies of culture enterprises in the SADC region, with an eye toward providing policy prescriptions that would help ameliorate the major constraints preventing the growth of small enterprises.
Title: The South African Music Industry Author: Karl Gostner, YFM Commissioning party: NAB Date: 2003 Summary: This report reviews previous documents written for the music industry and in parallel looks at the trends and problem analysis in the sector. In 2002 world music sales declined by 7%. The 2002 decline continued the declining trend that started 7 years previously in 1995, that was partially offset by growth in 2000. The global music industry has been in the doldrums since mid-1990s as the CD replacement cycle came to an end and has experienced little real growth since 1995. The International Federation of Phonographic Industries (IFPI 2003a) attributes the decline to piracy, competition from DVD and video gaming and economic uncertainty. The report identified Top 10 genres that people are interested in South Africa. The number of adults interested in those genres was the basis for the ranking, resulting in gospel emerging as the country’s most popular genre. Kwaito, a relative new kid on the block as the genre beat all other genres including the globally popular formats of rock and pop into second place. Rock and Pop only makes it into 11th spot in the SA context. The author assets that there is much to be hopeful about such as the changing income distribution within South Africa which he says, holds considerable promise for the industry as black South Africans’ ability to purchase music increases; and changing patterns of social interaction which both allow for increasingly common experiences that are in turn reflected in music. Title: The Ethno-Tourism Author: Steven Bolnick Commissioning party: ILO Date: 2003 Associated project: Promoting the Culture through Job Creation and Small Development in SADC Countries Summary: The research explored the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harness local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. The term Ethno-tourism is a term describing any excursion, which focuses on the works of humans rather than nature, and attempts to give the tourist an understanding of the lifestyles of local people. This has also been referred to as '‘indigenous tourism'’.
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Title: The Performing Arts and Dance Author: Annabell Lebethe Commissioning party: ILO Date: 2003 Associated project: Promoting the Culture Sector through Creation and Small Enterprise Development in SADC Countries Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the promotion of cultural entrepreneurship that harnesses local talents, skills and heritage may be especially resistant to the competitive pressures of globalisation and may provide innovative possibilities for boosting incomes and generating quality employment in a sector that is normally overlooked by policy-makers or addressed with piecemeal and traditional approaches. For this reason ILO commissioned a field research to provide more detailed information and case studies of culture enterprises in the SADC region, with an eye toward providing policy prescriptions that would help ameliorate the major constraints preventing the growth of small enterprises.
Title: ‘Protecting our cultural capital: A research plan for the Heritage Sector Author: Harriet Deacon, Sephai Mngqolo and Sandra Prosalendis Commissioning Party: HRSC: Social Cohesion and Integration Research Programme Date: 2003 Associated project: Cultural Observatory at the HRSC commissioned by DAC. Website: http://www.hsrcpress.ac/full_title_info.asp?id=2024 Summary: The HSRC commissioned this report to form the basis of a colloquium on heritage issues organised by the HRSC on 31 March 2003. The paper also formed part of the wider project of the then DACST around issues of cultural diversity and globalisation, cultural industries and the establishment of a cultural observatory and the use of community arts centres. The paper outlines the major achievements in the heritage sector since 1994 and lists persistent challenges. Institutions such as museums, archives and heritage resources agencies mandated to manage and protect a special subset of this broad cultural heritage that the authors call ‘cultural capital’. The Heritage Sector is managed through specific legislation. The NHRA protects places and objects that are of cultural significance. The National Archives of SA Act of 1996 protects public records; The World Heritage Convention Act of 1999 protects and identifies world heritage sites; Cultural Institutions Act of 1998 protects national museums and the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1999 and provincial planning legislation intersects with heritage sector. The National Heritage Council Act was approved in 1999 but not yet implemented. Title: Cultural Industries Sector Author: Cultural Industries Core Team Commissioning Party: Western Cape Government Date: 2003 Associated project: Input paper into Micro-economic Strategy for the Western Cape Website: http://www.amts.co.za/cultural.pdf Summary: This input paper represents a dipstick trends analysis of the South African cultural industries in the Western Cape. It reviews current and previous cultural industry strategic initiatives in relation to the terms of reference of the Advanced manufacturing and logistics technology strategy.
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Key Words: Western Cape, South Africa, cultural industries, Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Technology Strategy, strategic initiatives.
2004 Title: Quantitative Data Collection for Mappp-Seta Sector Skills Plan (SSP) Author: Khulisa Management Services and Eve Gray and Associates Commissioning Party: Mappp-Seta Date: 3rd August 2004 Associated project: Mappp-Seta sector skills plan Summary: The study provides information required by the SETA to develop its Sector Skills Plan (SSP) such as the sector profile of the members of the SETA; training and skills development needs in the sector as well as the capacity of training service providers to effectively address the skills development needs in the sector Title: MAPPP-SETA ‘Sector Skills Plan’ Author: Mappp-Seta (authored by Monica Newton) Commissioning Party: Mappp-Seta Date: August 2004 Associated project: Mappp-Seta sector skills plan per sector Summary: To develop the second sector skills plan (SSP) for the Mappp-Seta. The SSP represents a profile informed by a variety of issues, from industrial outputs to drivers of change. It aligns the demand to the supply of skills. Key findings are: small organisations dominate the sector with 47.5% employing between 5-49 staff members and 26.6% employing between 50-99. Over 4700 are freelancers, small or micro businesses. 50% of the companies have a payroll of between .5m – 5million. Only 7,847 (out of 29,000) will receive training, most will be white and half the companies conduct internal training. There are few barriers to entry with only the advertising sector believing that training provision meets the needs of the market. Clerks, technicians and associated professionals receive the bulk of training as to white women. Skills needs across the sectors are disparate but creative, technical; management, innovation and entrepreneurship are required for particularly black and women entrants. Most employees are technicians and associated professionals, plant and machine operators and assemblers. Half have matric and many have diploma or degree. There is no turnover problem, HIV/Aids is limited as a problem with the biggest challenge to skill development time and funds. New entrants, skills gaps, career progression, women and disabled and overcoming institutional failure which limit the supply of skills. Main skill areas are generic business; information technology; creative and technical skills; soft skills (communication) and management skills. Title: Beads Sub-Sector Study Author: ECI Africa Commissioning party: Tourism Enterprise Project (TEP) and the Department of Trade and Industries (the DTI) Date: March 2004 Summary: The Beads sub-sector study report intended to show how the sub-sector is structured, where it is heading, the forces that are driving the changes in the sub-sector, and the activities and roles that can be best played to reinvigorate the sector. Particular focus was
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paid to roles that strengthen the MSE growth within the sub-sector. Bead working skills are in abundance in the target population of women in rural communities. The labour intensity nature of beadwork lends itself to creating more employment in rural areas. There are gaps to be filled with producer groups, which can be fee based business development services. Exceptional KZN beadwork brand recognition nationally and internationally. This can be leveraged to increase market access for bead products. Most of the constraints present opportunities for designing and implementing solutions. Markets, cash flow, training and government policies were considered with the key focus being input supply, design, providing working capital, access to international exhibitions, training in literacy and basic business skills and the provision of market information. Title: CERAMIC Sub-sector Study Author: ECI Africa Commissioning party: TEP and DTI Date: March 2004 Summary: The ceramic sub-sector study report intended to show how the sub-sector is structured, where it is heading, the forces that are driving the changes in the sub-sector, and the activities and roles that can be best played to reinvigorate the sector. Particular focus was paid to roles that strengthen the MSE growth within the sub-sector. Positive factors supporting the ceramic sector as well as constraints are identified with key recommendations focusing on design, working capital and training.
Title: Grass Sub-Sector Study Author: ECI Africa Commissioning party: TEP & DTI Date: March 2004 Summary: The objective of the research was to show how the sub-sector is structured, the forces that are driving or hindering changes in the sub-sector, and the roles and activities that are required to reinvigorate the sector. Particular focus was given to what was needed to strengthen the Micro Small Enterprise growth within the sub-sector, as this is one of the ultimate goals for the craft sector across South Africa. The analysis provided insights into the driving forces, the points of leverage, the roles of different participants and the range of business services that support the sector. There are many factors that constrain the growth of the grass weaving sub-sector, as well as many constraints facing MSEs. Most of the constraints present opportunities for designing and implementing solutions. Title: Wireware Subsector Study Author: ECI Africa Commissioning party: Tourism Enterprise Programme & DTI Date: March 2004 Summary: The wireware sub-sector study report intended to show how the sub-sector is structured, where it is heading, the forces that are driving the changes in the sub-sector, and the activities and roles that can be best played to reinvigorate the sector. Particular focus was paid to roles that strengthen the MSE growth within the sub-sector. Recommendations include those for small business development, retail, production facilities and vacation work programmes.
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Title: KZN Craft Sub-sector Study Author: ECI Africa Commissioning party: Tourism Enterprise Programme and DTI Date: April 2004 Summary: The objective of this study was to design a focused growth strategy for the craft sector in KZN; identifying necessary facilitative activities and business services which will lead to job creation, increased income for the micro small enterprises and increased competitiveness of the KZN sector. The study was based on the sub-sector analysis methodology, which derives all its recommendations on services that promote enterprise growth by identifying and understanding the sources of economic growth in a sector. The KZN craft sector is a highly innovative and dynamic informal industry comprised of a number of diverse sub sectors. Title: Moshito ‘04 Author: Moshito Music Conference & Exhibition Commissioning party: Moshito Music Conference & Exhibition Date: February 2004 Summary: The purpose of the Moshito document was to report on the proceedings of the Moshito ’04 conference, which took place at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg in 2004. Title: The Music Industry Author: Zodwa Moatlhodi Commissioning Party: MAPPP-SETA Date: July 2004 Associated project: MAPPP-SETA Sector Skills Plan Summary: The music industry in South Africa is a relatively big sector with different role players and genres of music. The purpose of this research was to obtain information on trends that are impacting on the industry as well as the direction the industry is taking in terms of growth. The interviewees were given a questionnaire to respond to, followed by face to face interview that helped to clarify issues raised in the questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of both quantitative as well as qualitative questions, which when addressed would identify the current trends, the growth rate of the music industry as well as highlight other key issues that impact on the music industry. Seven individuals representing various musicians, a record company, union and music societies who are all committed to the growth and development of the South African Music Industry were interviewed. Title: Feasibility Study of the South African Animation sector Author: Yoliswa Koyo Laballo (Anamazing Workshop) Commissioning party: Department of Communications Date: March 2004 Summary: The study was to assess the viability of the animation sector in South Africa. It is envisaged that this study will help the department achieve the following broad goals. Stimulate and promote innovation in design and production of animation products through appropriate technologies, techniques, and training, Develop core knowledge and a skill base for animation through accredited training programmes, Increase the quality, quantity and range of national as well as regional animation products including culturally relevant programmes, Bridge the digital
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divide through creating capacity and technical know how in the field of animation and be a point of reference for continued technological animation in the region. Title: Film and Video Sector Author: Avril Joffe, CAJ Commissioning party: MAPPP-SETA Date: July 2004 Associated project: MAPPP-SETA Sector Skills Plan Summary: The Sector Skills Plan for the Film and Video Sector, one of the sectors of the Film and Electronic Media Chamber addressed the trends, the value chain and the important issues facing this sector and meant to help inform the MAPPP-SETA’s strategy. The SSP focused on the profile of the Film and Video industry, the value chain and the important issues facing the sector in the next 5 years as they relate to training and support for the sector. CAJ was able to draw a quantitative picture of their sub-sectors from documentation produced by these organisations. The rest of the work consisted of analytic evaluation of the sector’s profile, value chain, economic logic, SWOT analysis, social trends and future projections.
Title: TV and Radio Broadcasting
Author: Avril Joffe and Zodwa Moatlhodi Commissioning party: MAPPP-SETA Date: July 2004 Associated project: MAPPP-SETA Sector Skills Plan Summary: The TV and Broadcasting report provided information for the Broadcasting sector (TV and Radio) which contributed towards the overall Sector Skills Plan for the Film and Electronic Media Sector. The report addressed the trends, the value chain, the profile of the sector and the important issues facing this sector which helped inform the MAPPP-Seta’s strategy. Radio Broadcasting is perceived as a small industry with very skilled people. Therefore the report focussed on the profile of the Broadcasting Sector (both TV and Radio), the value chain and the important issues facing the sector in the following five years as they relate to training and support for the sector. Title: Multimedia Animation Sub-Sector Author: Dr. Roseline Ntshingila-Khosa Commissioning party: Ntshingila-Khosa and Associates Date: July 2004 Associated project: MAPPP-SETA Sector Skills Plan Summary: The purpose of the qualitative review was to investigate and identify current and future skills needs and articulate skills gaps that may exist within the sub-sector. The result of the research was to provide the necessary information for the development of the Sector Skills Plan for 2005-2009. Recommendations including conducting an audit of current education and training provision in the sector and examination of the quality of training is required, developing workshops for the processes of accessing Learnership, collaborating with the DTI to simplify the processes of accessing the incentives provided by DTI to the industry and facilitating the development of unit standards such as one in 2D, 3D and stop-frame at NQF Level 6. In addition it was felt that support should be given to train assessors and develop assessment guides.
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Title: Funding for the Creative Industries; Film and Electronic Media Author: Dr Roseline Ntshilinga-Khosa and Avril Joffe Commissioning party: Ntshingila-Khosa and Associates Date: July 2004 Associated project: MAPPP-SETA Sector Skills Plan Summary: The objective of this report was to contribute towards the development of the Sector Skills Profile for the MAPPP-SETA. The report focused on funding provided by national government, provincial governments, public private partnerships as well as international donors. Respondents were representatives of various government departments and donors. Interviews were conducted either face-to-face or telephonically depending on the availability and location of interviewees. Additional information was obtained from reports, Internet, and commissioned studies.
Title: Qualitative Research for Mappp Seta Sector Skills Plan: the publishing sub-sector Author: Eve Gray and Associates Commissioning party: Mappp Seta Date: 25 July 2004 Summary: The purpose of the study was to investigate and identify current and future skills needs and to articulate skills gaps that may exist within the Print Media, Publishing, Printing and packaging sub-sectors of MAPPP SETA. The results of the research were used to provide much needed information for the development of the Sector Skills Plan for 2005-2009. Publishing is a vitally important strategic industry from 2 related perspectives: as a cultural industry and as a knowledge industry. Publishing falls within the overlap of the two domains of culture (the expression of culture in text and image) and trade (the reproduction, packaging, distribution, marketing and sale of these products of cultural expression).SA has a self-sustaining publishing industry that can supply the needs of the educational system at all levels. Title: The Advertising Industry’s skill needs Author: Avril Joffe, Roseline Ntshilinga-Khosa and Lee Walters Commissioning party: Ntshingila-Khosa and Associations Date: July 2004 Associated project: MAPPP-SETA Skills Plan Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate issues relevant to the National Skills Development Strategy within the context of the internal and external environment of advertising in South Africa. The qualitative review was designed to reflect on trends in the sector as well as critical issues facing the industry from transformation to skills, from accreditation to learnerships, from large players to SMMEs, from policy and regulation to performance in the market place and from HIV/AIDS to innovative ideas. Title: Design Sub-Sector
Author: Dr Roseline Ntshingila-Khosa Commissioning party: Ntshingila-Khosa and Associates Date: July 2004 Associated project: MAPPP-SETA Skills Plan Summary: This report provided information on three aspects; fashion design, craft design and graphic design. Findings and recommendations were dealt with separately for each sub-sector as the sectors are very different and operate differently. Areas such as training provision and key drivers of change overlap across the sectors. The purpose of this qualitative review was to
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investigate and identify current and future skills needs and articulate skills gaps that may exist within the sub-sector. The results of the research will provide the necessary information for the development of the Sector Skills Plan for 2005-2009. A key finding was that in South Africa, the potential of the fashion design has not yet been tapped. There is no available data in the country about the economic profile and significance of the sector. Available data is only based on a study, which was conducted on the creative industries in the Western Cape. Title: Moshito ‘04 Author: Moshito Music Conference & Exhibition Commissioning Party: Moshito Music Conference & Exhibition Date: February 2004 Associated project: Moshito Conference Summary: The purpose of the Moshito document was to report on the proceedings of the Moshito ’04 conference, which took place at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg in 2004. Key Words: Moshito, proceedings, conference, Johannesburg, South Africa _________________________________________________________
2005 Title: Future Foundations: An Integrated Human Resource Development Strategy Author: CreateSA Commissioning Party: Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) Date: 31 March 2005 Associated project: Creative industry development in the DAC Summary: The purpose of the study was to develop an integrated human resource development strategy for the creative industries that would co-ordinate the activities of stakeholders in the sector, ensure that all groups are appropriately targeted and promote a shared understanding of the needs. It is important to note the project allied its research objectives with a broader empowerment programme that trained 20 researchers from across the country to collect and collate the information used for the study. Findings relate to the three specific target groups for human resource development; the value of culture and of arts education and training; general human resource issues in the South African creative industries. The research informed a number of broad strategic recommendations relating to research, policy review, coordination, representative structures, standards and qualifications frameworks; development of cultural practitioners including trainers and teachers, formalization of education and training in the sector, development and retention of cultural managers, creating linkages between schools and the arts community as well as increasing opportunities for life long learning across the education and training spectrum. Key words: integrated human resource development, strategy, creative industries, researchers, training, cultural, practitioners, education, manager, arts community Title: ‘Beyond Planning to Action’: Film and TV Sector Development Strategy
Author: Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) (Jane Corden and Richard Phillips) Commissioning Party: DTI: Trade and Investment South Africa; Chief Directorate: Customised Sector Programmes Date: June 2005
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Associated project: Customised Sector Programmes (CSP) of the DTI. Summary: To outline the DTI sector development strategy for increasing competitiveness, exports and investments as well as employment and equity in the film and TV sector as one of the priority sectors of SA. The report provides a situational analysis of the sector both locally and internationally with the aim of inspiring and reinvigorating the sector that suffered by ‘strategy fatigue’. The report builds on previous strategic papers developed by DAC, IDC, PWC, NFVF, Mappp-Seta and DOC. Extensive industry consultation focusing on key areas such as skills development, audience development, financing, co-ordination, export and marketing, equity/ BEE, international and domestic intelligence and competitiveness were undertaken. In addition an analysis of global opportunities and challenges with respect to this industry were explored. The report identifies an integrated set of interventions with the strategic vision of SA becoming the lead producer of film and TV content from Africa and the middle east watched by the world by 2014. Key Words: DTI, sector development strategy, film, TV, content, producer, Africa, South Africa, DAC, IDC, PWC, NFVF, Mappp-Seta, DOC, financing, audience development, export, skills, BEE Title: ‘Beyond Planning to Action’: Craft Sector Development Strategy Author: Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) (Erica Elk) Commission Party: DTI: Trade and Investment South Africa; Chief Directorate: Date: 2005 Associated Project: Customised Sector Programmes (CSP) of the DTI. Webstie: http://www.capecraftanddesign.org.za/research_folder/pdf/dti_cust.pdf Summary: This DTI sector development strategy for Craft outlines a key action programme relating to craft manufacturing, enterprise development, research and development, craft hubs and market development and access. It provides a comprehensive overview of the status quo of the craft industry in South Africa and focusing on strategies for increasing competiveness, exports and investments as well as employment and equity in this priority sector for South Africa. Each key focus area requires joint action and consultation between government and stakeholders. The document also provides a review of trends and developments in the international craft industry.
Key words: DTI, craft, manufacturing, craft hubs, marketing, enterprise, development, research, competiveness, exports, investments, stakeholders, government, international, industry. Title: Creative Industries Sector Scoping Author: Monica Newton Commissioning Party: City of Johannesburg: Economic Development Unit Date: 30 June 2005 Associated project: Johannesburg Film Incubator, Johannesburg Performing Arts Incubator, and Johannesburg Music Market Summary: The purpose of the study was to locate the Creative Industries Sector in Johannesburg within the broader economic development strategy of the City and the Joburg 2030 strategy. In addition, the study culminated in recommendations for initiatives and projects to promote the economic contribution of the sector to the city’s economy. Developments such as the training projects of the Mappp-Seta, poverty alleviation projects, market development projects, the culturally oriented Blue IQ projects and the Alexandra Urban Renewal Project were identified has having a positive impact on the creative sector.
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Title: Soweto Blues: Jazz, popular music, and politics in South Africa Author: Ansell, Gwen Commissioning Party: Private Date: 2005 Summary: This book illustrates the relationship between jazz and the anti apartheid movement in South Africa from the early politics of resistance, illegal performance spaces, the global reach of musicians such as Hugh Masekela and Miriam Makeba as well as the post-apartheid experiences of the national broadcasting and music recording industry. Ansell provides an overview of the ongoing links between African and American styles of music. Key Words: music industry, Western Cape, South Africa, digital distribution, government intervention Title: Developing Audiences for Joburg Live Arts
Author: Freedthinkers Commissioning party: City of Joburg Date: June 2005 Summary: The objective of Developing Audiences for Joburg Arts is market development. A question that arises is ‘How can the City of Joburg contribute to a thriving live arts industry in Joburg by being a catalyst in attracting and developing audiences?’ The first research conducted was titled ‘Joburg Live Arts Marketing Project – Research on International Trends’ and identified what is happening in the Live Arts internationally with regard to attracting and retaining new audiences. The outcomes of the report offered insight into global best practices and focused on the UK, USA, Australia, France, Brazil and Burkina Faso. Case studies were selected that shed light on new trends in audience development worldwide. The second report ‘Developing Audiences for Joburg Live Arts’ provides feedback and way forward to CoJ on what needs to be considered. Key Words: Joburg, live arts, marketing, industry, best practice, UK, USA, Australia, France, Brazil, Burkina Faso
Title: Proposal for an African Music market Author: André Le Roux Commissioning Party: Ochre Communication Date: July 2005 Associated project: City of Joburg Economic Development Unit’s Sector Strategies for Cultural Sector Summary: The purpose of the study is to investigate the feasibility of a Music Market and to explore potential relationships and partnerships between the City of Joburg and South African Music Cooperation Initiative (SAMICI) and the National Music Conference and Exhibition (MOSHITO). The benefits to the City of Johannesburg include local economic development, gateway to Africa possibilities and building the city’s image. The next phase of the work of the COJ with MOSHITO and SAMICI will be the development of a business plan for the Music Market. Title: Consultative forum on arts and culture in South Africa Author: British Council Commissioning Party: British Council Date: 08-Sep-05
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Associated project: All Africa Arts Consultation Forum Summary: This report documents a meeting organised by the British Council in South Africa as one of ten organised in Africa as part of the All Africa Arts Consultation Forum. The report assessed the dominant art forms in South Africa and considered the notable trends and developments in the sector. The meeting considered the nature of support required by the arts sector for growth and influence as well as the specific role of the British Council in this support Key Words: British Council, South Africa, creative industries, arts, All Africa Arts Consultative Forum Title: A Benevolent Fund for Artists Author: CAJ Commissioning Party: Arts and Culture Trust, South Africa Date: 2005 Associated project: DAC Summary: The investigation into a benevolent fund was an initiative of the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) as part of their programme to “develop the arts and building a caring society” to address some of the problems which confront artists in South Africa. The research was conducted to inform a strategy dedicated to the creation and implementation of a Benevolent Fund for practitioners in the arts and culture sector. The report argues that a Benevolent Fund would address market failure by providing a support structure for cultural workers, artists and practitioners considered vulnerable by the Department of Labour. Key Words: Benevolent fund, artists, South Africa, best practice, international experience, social security, welfare, funding, arts and culture practitioners, Department of Labour, Department of Arts and Culture Title: Driving a regional sector development programme: Lessons from the Western Cape: 1999-2005 Author: Gwynne-Evans, N Commissioning Party: WESTGRO, South Africa Date: June 20 2005 Associated project: Western Cape economic development Website: http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/Research_Units/DPRU/DPRUConference2006/Papers/Driving_a_regional_sector_developmentGwynn-Evans.pdf Summary: The report provides an overview of the regional sector development strategy adopted by the Western Cape Department of Economic Development and the lessons gained over the 6 years of its implementation. This has been influenced by the broad literature around economic clusters and an approach implemented that is captured in the document “A Collaborative Approach to regional sector development”. Creative industries covered include film and craft. This paper outlines the process and lessons gained from the programme over the past six years. These constitute the views of the writer who was responsible for driving the sector strategy in the period reviewed and intimately involved in the establishment and development of a number of sector bodies. Key Words: Regional sector development strategy, creative industries, Western Cape, film, craft. Title: Creative sector research in South Africa: research sources, key institutions and annotated bibliography of the cultural sector in South Africa
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Author: CAJ Commissioning Party: British Council Date: 2005 Associated project: Prepared for the fist phase of the Creative Mapping study for the British Council Summary: This report by CAJ was commissioned by the British Council as an initial contribution to their longer term creative mapping project in South Africa. It highlights all research undertaken in South Africa in the period 1994-2005 relating to cultural policy, creative industries and heritage. The report contains a short summary of each document in a standardised format highlighting research methodology, key findings, recommendations and gaps in research. Key Words: Creative industries, culture, policy, South Africa, heritage, research Title: Cultural Industries, arts, culture and creative arts: Towards an understanding of the current nature and scope of the creative industries in the Western Cape Author: Van Graan, Mike Commissioning Party: WESTGRO, South Africa Date: 2005 Associated project: Westgro, Cape Gateway Website: www.capegateway.gov.za/other/2005/11/final_first_paper_cultural_industries_printing.pdf Summary: This report was written as part of a wider research process commissioned by the Department of Economic Development and Tourism in the Western Cape to assess the potential impact of the creative industries within the provincial economy. The report provides a broad overview of the current status quo of the creative industries as highlighting possible policy and strategic interventions that would result in the Western Cape becoming the centre of the creative industries in South Africa. Key Words: Economic development, tourism, Western Cape, Creative Industries, centre, creative arts _________________________________________________________
2006 Title: In South Africa, crafts revival boosts exports Author: International Trade Forum Commissioning Party: International Trade Forum Date: Oct-06 Associated project: Interview with Tembeka Nkamba-van Wyk, Talking Beads Academy Website: http://www.tradeforum.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/626/in_South_Africa_craft_revival Summary: This interview highlights the work of a South African business woman in exposing locally made handicrafts and protecting local craft traditions for the benefit of crafters and tourists alike. The business created is now exporting and employing thousands of women in rural areas with training and medical care provided. The Talking Beads Academy was begun in 1997and is working towards a mobile training unit to provide women in remote rural areas with supplies of beads and designs. Key Words: South Africa, crafts, Talking Beads Academy, rural women, training, business skills, exports, tourism
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Title: Proposed Strategy on Engendering the Accelerated and Shared Growth Imitative (ASGI-SA) Author: DTI Commissioning Party: DAC Date: Jan-06 Associated project: South Africa's Strategy on Engendering the Accelerated and Shared Growth Imitative (ASGI-SA) Website: http://www.thedti.gov.za/sawen/ASGISAPROPOSEDSTRATEGY06.pdf Summary: This document highlights amongst others the role of the creative industries in facilitating the economic empowerment of women especially through rural women engaged in the craft sector. It provides one of the arguments for why the South African government provides support to the craft sector. Key Words: South Africa, craft, women, ASGI-SA, empowerment, second economy Title: Hisses and whistles': A baseline study into arts coverage in the South African mass media Author: Media Monitoring Project & Open Research Commissioning Party: Media monitoring project and open research Date: Mar-06 Website: http://www.mediamonitoringafrica.org/index.php/resources/entry/hisses_and_whistles_a_baseline_study_into_arts_coverage_in_the_sa_mass_medi/ Summary: The report presents findings of arts coverage, advertising and publicity in the mass media in South Africa. Key findings relate to percentage of space allocated to arts and entertainment content in newspaper supplements, which art genres dominate, nature of arts coverage, the differences between coverage of local and international artists as well as journalism and the role of the national broadcaster. Key Words: arts, advertising, publicity, mass media, South Africa, entertainment, newspapers, broadcaster, artists Title: Parliamentary Media Briefing Economic Cluster 11 Author: DAC Commissioning Party: DAC Date: 10-Feb-06 Associated project: Briefing for parliament Website: http://www.dac.gov.za/media_release/10Geb06.htm Summary: This parliamentary media briefing focuses on the interventions relating to Arts, Culture and Heritage during 2006/7. The DAC's programme of action is described, the budget associated as well as the purpose of each set of activities. Key Words: South Africa, arts and culture, policy review, heritage _________________________________________________________
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2007 Title: Cultural Industries, arts, culture and creative arts: Second Paper: Policy recommendations and Interventions Author: Van Graan, Mike Commissioning Party: WESTGRO, South Africa Date: 2007 Associated project: MEDS process, Western Cape Website: http://www.hivos.nl/english/english/arterial/background_materials Summary: This paper provides recommendations based on research undertaken in the first phase of the MEDS process focusing on the creative industries in the Western Cape. It focuses on a few key initiatives to advance the sector. It provides a summary of the overview of the creative industry in the Western Cape, general economic arguments in support of the creative industry sector, highlights the challenges facing the sector and outlines the proposed strategies that the Western Cape provincial government could implement to support the sector. Key Words: MEDS, Western Cape, creative industries, strategy, policy, government Title: Arts and Culture Policy Review Author: DAC Commissioning Party: DAC Date: 2007 Associated project: SA government review of policy Website: http://www.dac.gov.za/projects/policy%20Review/background%20document.doc Summary: This policy review was commissioned in the broader context of the 10 years of the new ANC government. The documents covers 7 chapters: background, legal framework for arts, culture and heritage, contribution of the arts and culture to the economy, the role of arts and culture continentally and internationally, review of human resources, research and development needs of the arts and culture sector, the role of arts and culture in social development as well as review of the arts and culture funding and financing model. Key Words: South Africa, arts and culture, policy review, heritage Title: Film: Analysis needed to make policy decisions Author: Cultural Observatory, South Africa Commissioning Party: Cultural Observatory, South Africa Date: accessed 23/05/07 Associated project: Prepared by Howard Thomas as part of a broader research project to develop an interactive website on the creative industries in South Africa. Numerous inputs were provided to stimulate debate on the best way to collect data. Website: http://www.culturealobservatory.org.za/_tv_ana.html Summary: Investigates the main sources for cultural analyses such as the ILO, UNESCO, Canadian, UK, Australian and Irish film industries as well as EU documents on film and ICT structures. A list of the information needed to analyse the film sector is provided. A critique of the problem tree analysis is provided as well as the problems attached to data collected from players in the sector. Key Words: Film, South Africa, policy, information, problem tree Title: Bush Radio's CREW project: growing with media education
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Author: Louw, Adrian Commissioning Party: UNESCO Date: 21-22 June 2007 Associated project: Paper presented at the French Commission for UNESCO meeting in partnership with the French Ministry of Education and the Council of Europe at the Centre de Conferences Internationals, Paris, France Website: http://www.ncrf.org.za/sa-community-radio-present-paper-at-unesco-media-education… Summary: Bush Radio was asked to present a paper and a meeting organised by the French Commission for UNESCO. The title was Media Education: Advances, Obstacles and new Trends since Grunwald; Towards a scale of change? The radio station based in the Cape Flats has as its mission 'to ensure that communities, who have been denied access to resources, take part in producing ethical, creative and responsible radio that encourages them to communicate with each other, to take part in decisions that affect their lives, and to celebrate their own cultures'. The paper reflects on the CREW project (Children's Radio Education Workshop) which started in 1996 to give young people a voice in media. Key Words: South Africa, community radio, UNESCO, media education, bush radio Title: Final Report on the Micro-economic Development Strategy for the Music Industry in the Western Cape Author: Ansell, Gwen, Barnard, Helen and Barnard, Phillippa Commissioning Party: Department of Economic Development and Tourism, Western Cape Provincial Government Date: Nov-07 Associated project: MEDS reports, Western Cape Economic Development Summary: This report documents the music industry in the Western Cape focusing on the context and local performance, development drivers, the need for and role of government intervention, tourism and the digital opportunities in the industry. The bulk of the recommendations focus on this latter area arguing that digitisation leads to differentiated product niches and the rise of smaller players which both favour the Western Cape region. Other recommendations relate to digital inclusion, supporting a credible industry body as well as developing skills amongst a diverse body of role players. Key Words: Western Cape, South Africa, government intervention, tourism, digital opportunities, music industry, product niches, smaller players _________________________________________________________
2008 Title: Sampling Music Author: Melandowitz, Hugh Commissioning Party: Moshito Date: 2008 Associated project: Moshito Conference Summary: This presentation from Moshito '08 deals with ownership of copyright in music its commercial exploitation. The question it poses is whether the sampling of music could constitute an infringement of copyright. The answer is that any infringement of the moral right is
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an infringement of copyright and that therefore even if a very small portion of the song is to be used the person must obtain authorisation. Key Words: Moshito, copyright, sampling, music, moral rights, authorisation, infringement Title: South African Music Hub Author: Masokoane, Glenn Commissioning Party: DAC, South Africa Date: 2008 Associated project: Moshito Conference Summary: The DAC's presentation to Moshito '08 outlines the motivation for the establishment of a music hub including music recording facilities for emergent talent and young musicians. The motivation includes state of the art music production hub, target market of the second economy, strategic black economic empowerment, total value chain offering, heritage centre and space for music organisations. Key Words: DAC, Moshito, Music, second economy, recording studios, emergent talent Title: Making Cultural Policy Work Author: Commonwealth Foundation Commissioning Party: Commonwealth Foundation Date: 19-May-08 Associated project: Consultation held in partnership with South African Coalition for Cultural Diversity and Department of Arts and Culture, Samro House Website: http://www.commonwealthfoundation.com/uploads/fckeditor/00000088_Making%20Culture%20Work%20for%20Development.pdf Summary: This summary report reflects on the consultation between government and civil society organisations in South Africa held by the Commonwealth Foundation in partnership with the South African coalition for Cultural Diversity (SACCD) and the DAC. This discussion was the second in a series of Commonwealth Foundation consultations on different aspects of culture, cultural policy and development. Key questions discussed include the success of South Africa's cultural policies for the creative sectors and for development; the extent of implementation of UNESCO's Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and the possibility of sharing the South African experience and approach to culture regionally and globally. The findings feed directly into the Foundation's research project, Putting Culture First available at www.commonwealthfoundation.com/culturediversity/research Key Words: South African Coalition for Cultural Diversity, DAC, South Africa, cultural policy, civil society, Commonwealth Foundation Title: Speech to Moshito Author: Wakashe, T Commissioning Party: Moshito Date: 2008 Associated project: Moshito Conference Summary: The speech by the Director General of Arts and Culture focuses on copyright, indigenous knowledge protection as well as various programmes initiated by Government to support the music industry. These include 'Taking SA Music to the World and the development of a music studio for the second economy music sector
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Key Words: DAC, Moshito, Music industry, government programmes, copyright, indigenous knowledge protection, music studio, second economy Title: Music policy discussion document Author: SABC Commissioning Party: Moshito Date: 2008 Associated project: Moshito conference Summary: The SABC's presentation to Moshito '08 outlines the music policy they have developed. It includes its purpose, the scope, policy changes that it envisages as well as roles and responsibilities. Key Words: SABC, South Africa, music policy, music compilation, pay for play, music rights, indigenous music Title: Music Qualifications: Are music education institutions/ qualifications responding to the changing and growing needs of the music industry? Author: Feenstra, Marianne Commissioning Party: Moshito Date: 2008 Associated project: Moshito Conference Summary: This presentation from Moshito '08 is a hard hitting account of what is wrong with the whole music education institution and qualification system. The conclusion is that neither SAQA management nor anyone else in the system has thought through the process of the generation of a qualification and the effect of its implementation and that SAQA, the DOE and CHE are simply maintaining the status quo Key Words: music, education, qualification, SAQA, DOE, CHE, needs Title: Mappp-Seta Sector Skills Plan 2009/2010 Author: CAJ Commissioning Party: Mappp-Seta Date: 2008 Summary: This paper provides an overview of the creative industries in South Africa identifies key characteristics and outlines critical challenges and opportunities for its growth. Particular focus is given to the nature of supply and demand for skills and the role of government as a key investor in the creative industries. The report includes a review of industrial and occupational profile, sector specific dynamics, employment patterns and trends, scarce and critical skills as well as small business and entrepreneurial opportunities. Creative industry sectors covered in this report include: print media, publishing, visual arts, crafts, advertising, film and electronic media, music, design, performing arts and dance. Key Words: Mappp-Seta, creative industries, creative economy, supply and demand of skills, role of government, CAJ, 2009/2010, industrial and occupational profile, sector specific dynamics, employment patterns and trends, scarce and critical skills, small business and entrepreneurial opportunities, print media, publishing, visual arts, crafts, advertising, film and electronic media, music, design, performing arts and dance. _________________________________________________________
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2009 Title: Producing creative content: skills and economic challenges in the South African Creative Industries Author: CAJ Commissioning Party: HSRC, South Africa Date: 2009 Associated project: Skills and economic challenges in the ASGI-SA sectors Website: www.hsrcpress.org.za Summary: This paper provides an overview of the creative industries in South Africa identifies key characteristics and outlines critical challenges and opportunities for its growth. Particular focus is given to the nature of supply and demand for skills and the role of government as a key investor in the creative industries. Key Words: HSRC, CAJ, Creative industries, creative economy, supply and demand of skills, role of government Title: Mike van Graan website Author: Van Graan, Mike Commissioning Party: Mike van Graan Date: Various Associated project: Website: http://www.mikevangraan.co.za/recent-articles-papers Summary: Mike van Graan's website carries his personal reflections and views on the state of the arts, culture and creative industries in South Africa. Key Words: Mike van Graan, culture, arts, creative industries, government, Title: Centre for Jazz and Popular Music (CJPM) University of Natal Author: Brubeck, Darius Commissioning Party: Private Associated project: Cambridge Journals Website: http://journals.cambridge.org Summary: This overview of the Centre for Jazz and Popular Music based at the University of Natal reflects on its intention to become a 'micro-mini' version of the Smithsonian Institute (Washington D.C.). It notes that research on South African jazz and popular music is a low priority at present. The centre is providing teaching, study, research, preservation and performances of popular music and jazz and suggests establishing an endowment to support the range of ad hoc projects coming to the centre. Key Words: Jazz, popular music, endowment, projects, University of Natal, Smithsonian Institute, Brubeck, Darius Title: VANSA Author: Visual Arts Network of South Africa Commissioning Party: VANSA Date: All Associated project: VANSA Website: http://www.vansa.co.za/resources Summary: This website regularly carries articles on the state of the visual arts sector in South Africa.
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Key Words: South Africa, visual arts, website Title: Artthrob: Contemporary art in South Africa Author: Artthrob Commissioning Party: Artthrob Date: All Associated project: Artthrob Website: http://www.artthrob.co.za/ Summary: This website has regular articles and special features on the arts in South Africa, on art and social development etc. Articles are archived and can be easily searched. Key Words: Art, culture, South Africa, visual arts, social development
Tanzania documents
Title: Balancing Culture and Conservation through Enterprise Author: USAID Commissioning Party: USAID Date: 2004 Associated project: Story on Website about Tanzania Website: http://africastories.usaid.gov/search_details.cfm?storyID=228&countryID=26§or … Summary: The Naisho Women's Group established the Esilalei Cultural Boma in 1999 to bring tourist dollars to their villages and, at the same time, preserve their local culture and alleviate gender inequality and poverty. A lack of business knowledge resulted in limited success. This USAID article shows how their support altered the fortunes of the Naisho group. Key Words: Naisho, Cultural village, USAID, business knowledge Title: Consultative forum on arts and culture in Tanzania Author: British Council Commissioning Party: British Council Date: 19-Sep-05 Associated project: All Africa Arts Consultation Forum Summary: This report documents a meeting organised by the British Council in Dar es Salaam as one of ten organised in Africa as part of the All Africa Arts Consultation Forum. The report assesses the ascendant and dominant art forms in Tanzania, the notable trends and development over the past few years, the influences on the Tanzanian arts and culture sector as well as priorities for support from the British Council. Key Words: British Council, Tanzania, arts, culture, creative industries, development, All Africa
Uganda
Title: Uganda-based initiative to promote African and Asian filmmaking Author: Artmatters Commissioning Party: Art Matters Date: 2004
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Website: http://www.artmatters.info/mira.htm; http://www.mashada.com/forums/405142-post1.html Summary: This news piece highlights the establishment of an annual filmmaker’s laboratory in Uganda to promote African and Asian filmmaking with the support and writer and producer Mira Nair. Key Words: film laboratory, African film, Asian filmmaking, Mira Nair, Uganda, Kampala Title: The national ICT master plan and E-government network feasibility study in Uganda Author: Mega-Tech Commissioning Party: Internet Governance for Development Date: August, 11 2006 Associated project: Women of Uganda Network Website: http://wougnet/org.ICTpolicy/ug/ugictpolicy.html Summary: This paper highlights the importance of ICT for development. The scope of Uganda's National ICT Policy Framework covers information as a resource for development, mechanisms for accessing information, and ICT as an industry, including e-business, software development and manufacturing. The policy looks at various categories of information from different sectors, essentially aimed at empowering people to improve their living conditions. The sectors include: health, education, agriculture, energy, environment, business, and science & technology. Key Words: ICP, Uganda, living conditions, policy, feasibility Title: Survey of Content and Audiences of Video Halls in Uganda 2005-2006 Author: Marshfield, Katerina and van Oosterhout, Michiel Commissioning Party: Uganda International Film Festival Date: Jan-07 Website: www.uiff.org Summary: The report documents the network of over 2000 video halls in Uganda known as 'Bibandas' which function as local cinemas and general audiovisual entertainment venues. The report analyses the content shown as well as the audience and facilities. Key Words: Uganda, video, halls, cinema, audiovisual, entertainment, venues, Bibandas
Zambia
Title: Enhancing Marketing Skills for Artists and Artisans Author: Ballyn, John Commissioning Party: ILO Date: 2-4 October 2002 Associated project: AN ITC conference paper prepared for the National Workshop organised by the ILO 'Enterprise Development and Employment in the Cultural Sector in Zambia; national and local strategies: Website: http://www.intracen.org/CreativeIndustries/conference_papers.pdf Summary: This paper looks at the distinctions in business practice for artists and artisans in the sectors of visual arts and crafts in order to develop improved marketing practices for both. The paper explores the market influences on the visual arts and craft products as well as the
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needs for artists and artisans such as investment in design and marketing, training in design and marketing, provision of design and marketing services as well as business support needs. Key Words: Marketing skills, artists, artisans, Zambia, ILO, ITC, Ballyn, Lusaka Title: An Action research on Small Enterprise Development and Job Creation in the Cultural Sector Author: Moyo, Dixon Commissioning Party: ILO Date: Jul-02 Associated project: ILO research and workshop in Zambia Summary: This report produced for the ILO as part of the Seed study on the role of the cultural sector in contributing to job creation and small business development in the SADC region focuses the spotlight on Zambia by exploring four cultural subsectors, namely music, ethno tourism, crafts and dance in Zambia. The report investigates the development process of these sectors, the successes and constraints in the area of small enterprise development and job creation in all the value chains and proposes various interventions/ recommendations for action. Key Words: Zambia, cultural sector, small enterprise development, job creation, ILO, Zambian labour market, national arts council Title: Disbursement of donor funds - Shining example from Zambia Author: Owoo, John Commissioning Party: Arterial Network Date: Mar-07 Associated project: Arterial News Vol 2 No 5, Revitalising African Cultural Assets Website: http://www.dccd.dk/dccd/cku.nsf/images/senart/$file/shinning+example+from+zambia+by+john+owoo.pdf Summary: This news article showcases the Zambian experience of disabusing 1.28 million Euros for the cultural sector development programme. This grant forms part of European Union funds. The Zambian experience was shared at the three day workshop on Goiree Island in Senegal called ‘Revitalising African Cultural Assets’ by Mulenga Kapwepwe. Key Words: Zambia, funds, EU, cultural, development, African, assets, Goiree Island, Mulenga Kapwepwe Title: Ceremony! Celebrating Zambia's Cultural Heritage Author: Guhrs, Tamara, D'elbee, Francois and Kapwepwe, Mulenga Commissioning Party: Celtel Zambia and Seka (Sensitisation and Education through Kunda Arts) Date: 2009 Associated project: Seka Educational Theatre Website: http://www.seka-educational-theatre.com/ceremony-book.htm Summary: This book showcases indigenous rituals, traditional ceremonies and cultural practices in Zambia including the arts, dances, songs, crafts and artefacts produced for them and passed down through generations. It also highlights the traditional educational methods, leadership systems, ethical values and indigenous technologies associated with these ceremonies. The book celebrates Zambia, Zambian people and the fact that tradition co-exists
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with modernisation and how they feed one another. Chapters include impressions (photos and text) from each of the 7 provinces of Zambia. Key Words: Ceremonies, cultural heritage, Zambia, Title: Zambia's ICT policy finally launched Author: Mushinga, Gloria Date: 2007 Website: http://www.thewip.net/contributors/2007/04/zambia_s_ict_policy_finally_la.html Summary: This is a news piece about the launch of the National Information and Communications Technologies (ICT's) Policy in Zambia. The purpose of the policy is to bridge the digital divide amongst Zambians by 2030. Key Words: Zambia, ICT, policy, National Information and Communications Technology, VOIP, internet Title: Country report on the status of copyright and neighbouring rights in Zambia Author: Shakarongo, Brian Chengela Commissioning Party: WIPO Date: 17-19 July 2002 Associated project: Presented at WIPO symposium, Lilongwe, Malawi
Zimbabwe
Title: Intellectual Property Rights, Copyright and Development Policy in a Developing Country: Options For Sub Saharan African Countries Author: Professor E.S Nwauche
Date: 30th
of July 2003 Associated project: Paper presented to the Copyright Workshop at Zimbabwe International Book Fair Website: www.kopinor.org/content/download/1777/13422/file/zibf.pdf Summary: This paper argues that a development oriented strong copyright protection is fundamental to the economic and technological advancement of Sub Saharan African countries (SSA) and synthesizes such a policy. Key Words: IP, Sub Saharan Africa, copyright, protection, economy, technology, policy Title: Zimbabwe arts focus group meeting Author: British Council Commissioning Party: British Council Date: 26-Sep-05 Associated project: All Africa Consultative Forum Summary: This report documents a meeting organised by the British Council in Zimbabwe as one of ten organised in Africa as part of the All Africa Arts Consultation Forum. The specific aims of the Zimbabwe meeting were to start a strong network of arts contacts in Africa and to generate ideas for Africa-wide projects for funding Key Words: Zimbabwe, creative industries, network, arts, funding Title: Narrative and ideology: 50 years of filmmaking in Zimbabwe
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Author: Hungwe, Kedmon Nyasha Commissioning Party: Private Date: 2005 Associated project: in Media, culture and society, Vol 27, no 1, 83-99 Website: http://mcs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/27/1/83 Summary: This article reviews film-making in the period 1948-2000 when the country was going through the transition to an independent nation. It assesses how the political governance crisis of the later 1990s undermined prospects for this sector. Of general interest are the insights provided by the article into the problems and prospects of African countries as global players in the production of media. Key Words: African cinema, African Script Development Fund, Central African Film Unit, Neria, Sithengi, Southern African Film Festival
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wor
k C
onfe
renc
e R
epor
t A
frica
20
07
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
ocpa
.irm
o.hr
/reso
urce
s/do
cs/a
rteria
l_co
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_rep
ort_
en.p
df
Art
mat
ters
C
olon
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ion
of
Ken
yan
scre
ens
kills
film
mak
ers,
dr
ives
oth
ers
into
ex
ile
Art
Mat
ters
N
ews
Ken
ya
2005
fil
m
http
://w
ww
/artm
atte
rs.in
fo/fi
lm/c
olon
isat
ion.
htm
Art
mat
ters
N
iger
ians
mar
ket
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r cou
ntry
th
roug
h fil
m
Art
Mat
ters
Nig
eria
film
ht
tp://
ww
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ters
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/nig
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mat
ters
U
gand
a-ba
sed
initi
ativ
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pr
omot
e A
fric
an
and
Asi
an
film
mak
ing
Art
Mat
ters
Uga
nda
fil
m
http
://w
ww
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atte
rs.in
fo/m
ira.h
tm
Art
smat
ters
.in
fo
Eas
t Afri
can
in a
fre
nzy
of F
ilm
Fest
ival
s
Art
Mat
ters
Eas
t Afri
ca
2005
fil
m
http
://w
ww
.artm
atte
rs.in
fo/fr
enzy
.htm
Art
thro
b
Artt
hrob
: C
onte
mpo
rary
art
in S
outh
Afr
ica
Artt
hrob
W
ebsi
te
Sou
th A
frica
al
l vi
sual
art
http
://w
ww
.artt
hrob
.co.
za/
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
136
of 2
92
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
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pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Avr
il Jo
ffe,
C
AJ
Mea
surin
g C
ultu
re –
de
velo
pmen
ts
glob
ally
to in
form
w
hat w
e do
lo
cally
HS
RC
and
D
AC
E
stab
lishm
ent
of C
ultu
ral
Obs
erva
tory
by
HS
RC
on
beha
lf of
DA
C
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Bal
lyn
, Jo
hn
E
nhan
cing
M
arke
ting
Ski
lls
for A
rtist
s an
d A
rtisa
ns
ILO
A
N IT
C
conf
eren
ce
pape
r pre
pare
d fo
r th
e N
atio
nal
Wor
ksho
p or
gani
sed
by
the
ILO
'E
nter
pris
e D
evel
opm
ent
and
Em
ploy
men
t in
the
Cul
tura
l S
ecto
r in
Zam
bia;
na
tiona
l and
lo
cal s
trat
egie
s:
Zam
bia
2002
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
ht
tp://
ww
w.in
trace
n.or
g/C
reat
iveI
ndus
tries
/con
fere
nce_
pape
rs.
Bar
row
clo
ug
h, D
ian
a an
d
Ko
zul-
Wri
gh
t,
Zel
jka,
(ed
s.)
Cre
ativ
e in
dust
ries
and
deve
lopi
ng
coun
tries
: voi
ce,
choi
ce a
nd
econ
omic
gro
wth
. .
UN
CTA
D
Rou
tledg
e D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2008
C
ross
-cut
ting
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
137
of 2
92
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
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pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
BM
I-S
po
rt
Info
The
Adu
lt A
rts
and
Cul
ture
and
A
rts a
nd C
ultu
re
Spo
nsor
ship
M
arke
t in
Sou
th
Afri
ca
Bus
ines
s A
rts S
outh
A
frica
(B
AS
A),
the
Nat
iona
l Arts
C
ounc
il of
S
outh
Afri
ca
(NA
C)
and
the
Arts
and
C
ultu
re T
rust
(A
CT)
2001
fu
ndin
g an
d sp
onso
rshi
p
Bo
lnic
k,
Ste
ven
The
Eth
no-
tour
ism
indu
stry
: pr
omot
ing
the
cultu
ral s
ecto
r th
roug
h jo
b cr
eatio
n an
d sm
all e
nter
pris
e de
velo
pmen
t in
the
SA
DC
co
untri
es
ILO
P
rom
otin
g cu
lture
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l bu
sine
ss
deve
lopm
ent i
n S
AD
C
coun
tries
pu
blis
hed
in th
e se
ries
on
Upg
radi
ng in
sm
all e
nter
pris
e cl
uste
rs a
nd
Glo
bal v
alue
C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
Eth
no-to
uris
m
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
empe
nt/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=EN
&p_
pro
g=S
&p_
cate
gory
=PU
B&
p_m
ode=
PR
OD
&p_
lang
=EN
&p_
typ
e=W
P
Bre
reto
n,
Kir
a
Gui
de to
Pan
-A
frica
n cu
ltura
l m
arke
ts,
prof
essi
onal
ne
twor
ks a
nd
rese
arch
re
sour
ces
Afri
can
Mar
ketp
lace
In
c, C
ultu
ral
Eng
inee
ring,
In
c.
Afri
can
Mar
ketp
lace
In
c, C
ultu
ral
Eng
inee
ring,
In
c.
Afri
ca
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
://w
ww
.cul
tura
leng
inee
ring.
com
/upl
oadf
iles/
AM
P_C
E%
20G
UID
E.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
138
of 2
92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
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pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Bri
ckh
ill,
Pau
l
Eco
nom
ic
sust
aina
bilit
y in
A
frica
n C
ultu
re
Sec
tor
Pre
sent
ed a
t th
e A
rteria
l N
etw
ork
conf
eren
ce,
'Rev
italis
ing
Afri
ca's
as
sets
'.
Arte
rial
Net
wor
k A
frica
20
07
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Bri
ckh
ill,
Pau
l
Und
er-r
ated
Arts
U
nkno
wn
Mag
azin
e fo
r D
evel
opm
ent
and
Coo
pera
tion
Afri
ca
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
://w
ww
.inw
ent.o
rg/E
+Z/c
onte
nt/a
rchi
ve-e
ng/1
2-20
05/tr
ibun
e_ar
t4.h
tml
Bri
tish
C
ou
nci
l
Con
sulta
tive
foru
m o
n ar
ts a
nd
cultu
re in
Ken
ya
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
A
ll A
frica
Arts
C
onsu
ltatio
n F
orum
Ken
ya
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
Bri
tish
C
ou
nci
l
Con
sulta
tive
foru
m o
n ar
ts a
nd
cultu
re in
Ta
nzan
ia
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
A
ll A
frica
Arts
C
onsu
ltatio
n F
orum
Tanz
ania
20
05
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Bri
tish
C
ou
nci
l
Con
sulta
tive
foru
m o
n ar
ts a
nd
cultu
re in
Sou
th
Afri
ca
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
A
ll A
frica
Arts
C
onsu
ltatio
n F
orum
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Bri
tish
C
ou
nci
l
Zim
babw
e ar
ts
focu
s gr
oup
mee
ting
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
P
repa
red
for
the
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
Zim
babw
e 20
05
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
139
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
on
ing
Ag
ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Bru
bec
k,
Dar
ius
Cen
tre fo
r Jaz
z an
d P
opul
ar
Mus
ic (C
JPM
) U
nive
rsity
of
Nat
al
Priv
ate
in C
ambr
idge
Jo
urna
ls
Sou
th A
frica
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
jour
nals
.cam
brid
ge.o
rg
CA
J A
Ben
evol
ent
Fund
for A
rtist
s A
rts a
nd
Cul
ture
Tr
ust,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
CA
J P
rodu
cing
cr
eativ
e co
nten
t: sk
ills
and
econ
omic
ch
alle
nges
in th
e S
outh
Afri
can
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
HS
RC
, S
outh
Afri
ca
prep
ared
for
the
HS
RC
in
2007
Sou
th A
frica
20
09
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g w
ww
.hsr
cpre
ss.o
rg.z
a
CA
J C
reat
ive
sect
or
rese
arch
in S
outh
A
frica
: res
earc
h so
urce
s, k
ey
inst
itutio
ns a
nd
anno
tate
d bi
blio
grap
hy o
f th
e cu
ltura
l sec
tor
in S
outh
Afr
ica
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
P
repa
red
for
the
fist p
hase
of
the
crea
tive
map
ping
stu
dy
for
the
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
Res
earc
h re
sour
ces
Ch
am, M
bye
Th
e D
ynam
ics
of
Afri
can
Film
mak
ing
UN
ES
CO
U
NE
SC
O's
W
orld
Cul
ture
R
epor
t 200
0:
Cul
tura
l di
vers
ity,
conf
lict a
nd
plur
alis
m
Afri
ca
fil
m
Cit
y o
f Jo
han
nes
bu
Jobu
rg C
reat
ive
Indu
stry
Sec
tor
City
of
Joha
nnes
bur
Pre
pare
d by
M
onic
a N
ewto
n S
outh
Afri
ca
2003
in
dica
tors
and
m
easu
rem
ent
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
140
of 2
92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
rg
Sco
ping
g
Co
llin
s,
Joh
n
Mus
ic A
war
ds
2001
: Mak
ing
Gha
naia
n m
usic
ex
porta
ble
M
usic
Aw
ards
20
01 P
aper
G
hana
20
01
Mus
ic
http
s://w
ww
.sci
entif
ic-
afric
an.o
rg/s
chol
ars/
jcol
lins/
colli
ns/fi
les/
bib1
6/at
_dow
nloa
d,
Co
llin
s,
Joh
n
The
Gha
naia
n ex
perie
nce
Wor
ld B
ank
Wor
ksho
p on
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
mus
ic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca,
spon
sore
d by
th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d th
e P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre, I
nc,
Was
hing
ton,
D
C
Gha
na
2001
M
usic
ht
tp://
site
reso
urce
s.w
orld
bank
.org
/intc
eerd
/reso
urce
s/cw
i_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
afric
a_sy
nops
is.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
141
of 2
92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Co
mm
on
we
alth
F
ou
nd
atio
n
Mak
ing
Cul
tura
l P
olic
y W
ork
C
omm
onw
eal
th
Foun
datio
n
Con
sulta
tion
held
in
partn
ersh
ip w
ith
Sou
th A
fric
an
Coa
litio
n fo
r C
ultu
ral
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
rts a
nd
Cul
ture
, Sam
ro
Hou
se
Sou
th A
frica
20
08
polic
y ht
tp://
ww
w.c
omm
onw
ealth
foun
datio
n.co
m/u
ploa
ds/fc
kedi
tor/0
000
0088
_Mak
ing%
20C
ultu
re%
20W
ork%
20fo
r%20
Dev
elop
men
t.p
df
Co
mm
on
we
alth
F
ou
nd
atio
n
Put
ting
Cul
ture
Fi
rst:
Com
mon
wea
lth
pers
pect
ives
on
cultu
re a
nd
deve
lopm
ent
Com
mon
we
alth
Fo
unda
tion
Com
mon
wea
lth
Fou
ndat
ion
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s 20
08
cros
s cu
tting
Cre
ate
SA
S
kills
and
R
esou
rces
Aud
it
Map
pp-S
eta,
S
outh
Afri
ca
Pre
pare
d fo
r C
reat
e S
A, a
pr
ojec
t of t
he
Map
pp-S
eta
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
indi
cato
rs a
nd
mea
sure
men
t
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
142
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
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pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
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ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Cre
ateS
A
Nat
iona
l Ski
lls
and
Res
ourc
es
Aud
it 20
03
Cre
ateS
A
Cre
ateS
A
20
03
indi
cato
rs a
nd
mea
sure
men
t
Cre
ateS
A
Futu
re
Foun
datio
ns: A
n In
tegr
ated
H
uman
Res
ourc
e D
evel
opm
ent
Stra
tegy
Dep
artm
ent
of A
rts a
nd
Cul
ture
(D
AC
)
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
Cu
ltu
ral
Ind
ust
ries
C
ore
Tea
m
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries
Sec
tor
Wes
tern
C
ape
Gov
ernm
ent
Inpu
t pap
er in
to
Mic
ro-e
cono
mic
S
trate
gy fo
r the
W
este
rn C
ape
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
ww
w.a
mts
.co.
za/c
ultu
ral.p
df
Cu
ltu
ral
Ind
ust
ries
Dat
abas
e fo
r C
ultu
ral I
nitia
tive
in G
hana
: cul
tura
l
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries
Sup
port
G
hana
20
08
data
base
s
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
143
of 2
92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
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pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Su
pp
ort
P
roje
ct
(CIS
P)
indu
strie
s/
ente
rpris
e P
roje
ct
Cu
ltu
ral
Ob
serv
ato
ry, S
ou
th
Afr
ica
Film
: Ana
lysi
s ne
eded
to m
ake
polic
y de
cisi
ons
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry,
Sou
th A
frica
Pre
pare
d by
H
owar
d T
hom
as a
s pa
rt of
a b
road
er
rese
arch
pr
ojec
t to
deve
lop
an
inte
ract
ive
web
site
on
the
crea
tive
indu
strie
s in
S
outh
Afr
ica.
N
umer
ous
inpu
ts w
ere
prov
ided
to
stim
ulat
e de
bate
on
the
best
way
to
colle
ct d
ata.
Sou
th A
frica
20
07
Film
ht
tp://
ww
w.c
ultu
real
obse
rvat
ory.
org.
za/_
tv_a
na.h
tml
DA
C
Arts
and
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site
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A
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frica
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age
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and
ra
Title
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ctin
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ltura
l ca
pita
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re
sear
ch p
lan
for
the
Her
itage
S
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Com
mis
sion
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Par
ty:
HR
SC
: S
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and
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ocia
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proj
ect:
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tura
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bser
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RS
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sion
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AC
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Sou
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frica
20
03
herit
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Dem
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Cre
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dust
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the
unde
r-ut
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frica
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org/
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afric
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dex.
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l Net
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frica
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TI.
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frica
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05
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frica
20
03
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cato
rs a
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2004
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Wha
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eria
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009
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
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ent
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pos
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ciat
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ject
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Imita
tive
(AS
GI-
SA
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row
th
Imita
tive
(AS
GI-
SA
)
EC
I Afr
ica
Bea
ds S
ub-
Sec
tor S
tudy
To
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m
Ent
erpr
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Pro
ject
(T
EP
) and
th
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epar
tmen
t of
Tra
de a
nd
Indu
strie
s (th
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TI)
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
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rafts
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ica
CE
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MIC
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-se
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and
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Sou
th A
frica
20
04
arts
and
cra
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EC
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ica
Gra
ss S
ub-
Sec
tor S
tudy
TE
P &
DTI
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
arts
and
cra
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eria
l Net
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k’s
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ive
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e T
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omm
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ent
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pos
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ject
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tere
st
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EC
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Wire
war
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ubse
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nter
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amm
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outh
Afri
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2004
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ica
KZN
Cra
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ub-
sect
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tudy
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me
and
DTI
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
ar
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Gra
y an
d
Ass
oci
ates
Title
: Qua
litat
ive
Res
earc
h fo
r M
appp
Set
a S
ecto
r Ski
lls
Pla
n: th
e pu
blis
hing
sub
-se
ctor
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
Map
pp S
eta
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
pu
blis
hing
Fee
nst
ra,
Mar
ian
ne
Mus
ic
Qua
lific
atio
ns:
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mus
ic
educ
atio
n in
stitu
tions
/ qu
alifi
catio
ns
resp
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ng to
the
chan
ging
and
gr
owin
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of
the
mus
ic
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hito
S
outh
Afr
ica
Sou
th A
frica
20
08
Mus
ic
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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©
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009
P
age
148
of 2
92
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e T
itle
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omm
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ject
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Are
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tere
st
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site
Fre
edth
inke
rs
Dev
elop
ing
Aud
ienc
es fo
r Jo
burg
Liv
e A
rts
City
of
Jobu
rg
S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
liv
e ar
ts
Go
stn
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Kar
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The
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99
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FM
Y
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outh
A
frica
Sou
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frica
20
05
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Go
stn
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Kar
l (Y
FM
)
Title
: The
Sou
th
Afri
can
Mus
ic
Indu
stry
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
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Gra
y, E
ve
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lishi
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A
frica
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tern
atio
nal
Net
wor
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ultu
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Div
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ty
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INC
D
Afri
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A
frica
, pub
lishi
ng
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l Net
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k’s
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he C
reat
ive
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009
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age
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Are
a of
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tere
st
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site
Gu
chu
, W
and
er
Cul
ture
- w
hat
cultu
re?
A
rteria
l N
etw
ork
Arte
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Vol
2 N
o 2
Afri
ca
2007
C
ross
-cut
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Gu
hrs
, T
amar
a,
D'e
lbee
, F
ran
cois
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wep
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ule
ng
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Cel
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ting
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bia'
s C
ultu
ral
Her
itage
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tel
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bia
and
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ensi
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and
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catio
n th
roug
h K
unda
Arts
)
Za
mbi
a 20
09
herit
age
Gw
ynn
e-E
van
s, N
Driv
ing
a re
gion
al
sect
or
deve
lopm
ent
prog
ram
me:
Le
sson
s fro
m th
e W
este
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ape:
19
99-2
005
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STG
RO
, S
outh
Afri
ca
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
Har
oo
n
Bh
ora
t an
d
Mei
-Ch
i Lio
u
“The
Eco
nom
ics
of C
ultu
re a
nd
Cul
tura
l Sta
tistic
s in
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th A
fric
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Dev
elop
men
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icy
Res
earc
h U
nit,
Uni
vers
ity o
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ape
Tow
n
HS
RC
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
indi
cato
rs a
nd
mea
sure
men
t w
ww
.cul
tura
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erva
tory
.org
.za/
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files
/eco
n_of
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Art
eria
l Net
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k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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009
P
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150
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e T
itle
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omm
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on
ing
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ent
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pos
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pro
ject
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ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
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site
Har
riet
D
eaco
n,
Sep
hai
M
ng
qo
lo
and
San
dra
P
rosa
len
dis
‘Pro
tect
ing
our
cultu
ral c
apita
l: A
re
sear
ch p
lan
for
the
Her
itage
S
ecto
r
Soc
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Coh
esio
n an
d In
tegr
atio
n R
esea
rch
Pro
gram
me
Cul
tura
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bser
vato
ry a
t th
e H
RS
C
com
mis
sion
ed
by D
AC
.
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
herit
age
http
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ww
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Nar
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film
mak
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ate
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edia
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lture
and
so
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ol 2
7,
no 1
, 83-
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05
film
IFM
, Un
esco
M
usic
ians
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oper
ativ
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ne
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odel
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lopi
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frica
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usic
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UN
ES
CO
Afri
ca
2004
M
usic
IIPI
Nam
ibia
In
telle
ctua
l P
rope
rty
Con
fere
nce
- S
uppo
rting
C
ultu
re B
ased
In
dust
ries
IIPI
N
amib
ia
2006
In
telle
ctua
l pro
perty
rig
hts
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
151
of 2
92
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e T
itle
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omm
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on
ing
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ent
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pos
e/
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ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
IIPI
Wes
t Afri
ca a
nd
Inte
llect
ual
Pro
perty
: Pol
icy
Prio
ritie
s to
Fo
ster
Eco
nom
ic
Gro
wth
, Pub
lic
Hea
lth a
nd
Cul
ture
IIPI
W
est A
frica
20
04
Inte
llect
ual p
rope
rty
right
s
INC
D
Stre
ngth
enin
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cal C
reat
ive
Indu
strie
s an
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evel
opin
g C
ultu
ral C
apac
ity
for P
over
ty
Alle
viat
ion:
R
oadm
ap fo
r the
IN
CD
Inte
rnat
iona
l N
etw
ork
for
Cul
tura
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iver
sity
A
frica
20
05
Cro
ss-c
uttin
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Inte
rnat
ion
al
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llect
ual
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rop
erty
In
stit
ute
Bot
swan
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nfer
ence
fo
cuse
s on
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reng
then
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the
cultu
ral i
ndus
tries
IIPI
Run
by
the
IIPI
Bot
swan
a 20
06
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
ww
w.ii
pi.o
rg/n
av_n
ewsr
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/det
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tem
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Inte
rnat
ion
al
Tra
de
Fo
rum
In S
outh
Afri
ca,
craf
ts re
viva
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osts
exp
orts
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tr
ade
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um
Inte
rvie
w w
ith
Tem
beka
N
kam
ba-v
an
Wyk
, Tal
king
B
eads
A
cade
my
Sou
th A
frica
20
06
arts
and
cra
fts
http
://w
ww
.trad
efor
um.o
rg/n
ews/
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tory
.php
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/626
/in_S
outh
_Afri
ca_c
raft_
revi
val
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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©
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J, 2
009
P
age
152
of 2
92
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
on
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Ag
ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
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pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Joff
e, A
Th
e pr
oduc
tion
of
cultu
re: t
owar
ds a
cr
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gion
ILO
P
rese
ntat
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to
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D
Sou
th A
frica
20
02
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ss-c
uttin
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ww
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.net
/Med
ia/IL
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rese
ntat
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ppt
Joff
e, A
Th
e S
ecto
r Ski
lls
Pla
n: F
ilm a
nd
Tele
visi
on
Map
pp-S
eta,
S
outh
Afri
ca
A re
sear
ch
repo
rt pr
epar
ed
for
the
Map
pp-
Set
a
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
film
Joff
e, A
an
d
Jack
lin, N
The
film
and
vi
deo
indu
stry
: pr
omot
ing
the
cultu
ral s
ecto
r th
roug
h jo
b cr
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n an
d sm
all e
nter
pris
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pmen
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SA
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on U
pgra
ding
in
smal
l ent
erpr
ise
clus
ters
and
G
loba
l val
ue
Cha
ins,
ILO
SA
DC
20
03
film
ht
tp://
ww
w.il
o.or
g/dy
n/em
pent
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pent
.Por
tal?
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ng=E
N&
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UB
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ng=E
N&
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Joff
e, A
et
al
Cul
tura
l Div
ersi
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and
the
impa
ct o
f gl
obal
izat
ion
HS
RC
, S
outh
Afri
ca
Pap
er p
repa
red
for
the
DA
C,
Sou
th A
fric
a (v
ia th
e H
SR
C)
as a
pos
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pa
per f
or
Dev
elop
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Cou
ntrie
s fo
r th
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tern
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nal
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s 20
03
cultu
ral d
iver
sity
ht
tp://
ww
w.in
cp-r
ipc.
org
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
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ject
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ntr
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ear
Are
a of
In
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st
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site
Net
wor
k on
C
ultu
ral P
olic
y
Joff
e, A
wit
h
rese
arch
in
pu
t fr
om
A
bd
ou
l So
w
Em
ploy
men
t ge
nera
tion
and
Trad
e E
xpan
sion
in
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries:
the
case
of t
he fi
lm,
vide
o an
d br
oadc
ast
indu
stry
in
Sen
egal
ILO
P
repa
red
for
the
ILO
S
eneg
al
2004
fil
m
Joff
e, A
vril
&
Nts
hili
ng
a-K
ho
sa,
Ro
selin
e &
W
alte
rs, L
ee
Title
: The
A
dver
tisin
g In
dust
ry’s
ski
ll ne
eds
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
nd
Ass
ocia
tions
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
kills
Pla
n
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
adve
rtisi
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Joff
e, A
vril
(CA
J)
Title
: Film
and
V
ideo
Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
MA
PP
P-
SE
TA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls
Pla
n
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
film
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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154
of 2
92
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itle
C
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pro
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Cou
ntr
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Are
a of
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tere
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site
Joff
e, A
vril
and
M
oat
lho
di,
Zo
dw
a
Title
: TV
and
R
adio
B
road
cast
ing
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
MA
PP
P-
SE
TA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls
Pla
n
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
Film
Kai
ser
Ass
oci
ates
E
con
om
ic
Dev
elo
pm
ent
Pra
ctic
e
Stra
tegi
c R
ecom
men
datio
ns
for I
ndus
try
Dev
elop
men
t (D
iscu
ssio
n G
uide
)
CC
DI
S
outh
Afri
ca
2003
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
Kar
iuki
, Jo
hn
Con
trove
rsy
dogs
aw
ard
win
ning
A
frica
n Fi
lms
Afri
ca
fil
m
Kh
ulis
a M
anag
emen
t S
ervi
ces
and
Eve
G
ray
and
A
sso
ciat
es
Qua
ntita
tive
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n fo
r M
appp
-Set
a S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan
(SS
P)
Map
pp-S
eta
Map
pp-S
eta
sect
or s
kills
pl
an
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
cros
s cu
tting
Ko
end
erm
an, T
on
y
Afri
ca: M
edia
re
sear
ch is
stil
l a
prob
lem
: Blin
d le
adin
g th
e B
lind
Priv
ate
A
frica
U
nkno
wn
Res
earc
h re
sour
ces
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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nom
y in
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ca
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J, 2
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on
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ent
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e/
asso
ciat
ed
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ject
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ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
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site
Ko
vacs
, M
ate,
OC
PA
Cre
ativ
e ec
onom
y an
d po
verty
er
adic
atio
n in
A
frica
: prin
cipl
es
and
real
ities
OC
PA
Afri
ca
2007
cr
oss
cutti
ng
Ko
zul-
Wri
gh
t,
Zel
jka
Glo
baliz
atio
n ,
crea
tive
indu
strie
s an
d ec
onom
y de
velo
pmen
t: po
licy
chal
leng
es
for D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
UN
CTA
D
Unc
tad
and
UN
pa
rtner
s D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
KP
MG
Ti
tle: T
he S
outh
A
frica
n M
usic
In
dust
ry
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
KP
MG
M
edia
and
E
nter
tain
me
nt
S
outh
Afri
ca
2001
m
usic
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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156
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92
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C
omm
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on
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ent
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pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Kri
star
for,
S
ean
an
d
Bu
dh
ram
, M
esh
al
Driv
ing
the
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
in th
e W
este
rn C
ape
The
Gra
duat
e S
choo
l of
Bus
ines
s,
Uni
vers
ity o
f C
ape
Tow
n
MB
A
Pro
gram
me
Stu
dy
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
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w.d
esig
nind
aba.
com
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ocac
y/do
wnl
oads
/Driv
ing.
Kro
mb
erg
, S
teve
Pub
lishi
ng in
A
frica
H
SR
C,
Sou
th A
frica
P
art o
f the
H
SR
C r
esea
rch
team
for
DA
CS
T to
es
tabl
ish
a cu
ltura
l ob
serv
ator
y
Afri
ca
2004
pu
blis
hing
Ku
nzl
er, D
Th
e N
iger
ian
vide
o in
dust
ry a
s an
exa
mpl
e of
im
port
subs
titut
ion
Nig
eria
film
w
ww
.suz
.uni
zh.c
h/kh
enzl
er/g
rey/
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en1.
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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nom
y in
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ca
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e T
itle
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ing
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ent
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pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
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ject
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ntr
y Y
ear
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st
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site
Lab
allo
, Y
olis
wa
Ko
yo
(An
amaz
ing
W
ork
sho
p)
Title
: Fea
sibi
lity
Stu
dy o
f the
S
outh
Afri
can
Ani
mat
ion
sect
or
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
Dep
artm
ent
of
Com
mun
icat
ion
s
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
an
imat
ion
Le
Ro
ux,
A
nd
ré
Title
: Pro
posa
l for
an
Afri
can
Mus
ic
mar
ket
Com
mis
sion
ing
Par
ty:
Och
re
Com
mun
icat
ion
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
City
of
Jobu
rg
Eco
nom
ic
Dev
elop
men
t U
nit’s
Sec
tor
Stra
tegi
es fo
r C
ultu
ral S
ecto
r
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
mus
ic
Leb
eth
e, A
Th
e P
erfo
rmin
g A
rts a
nd D
ance
: pr
omot
ing
the
Cul
tura
l sec
tor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l ent
erpr
ise
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e S
AD
C
coun
tries
ILO
S
erie
s on
'U
pgra
ding
in
Sm
all
Ent
erpr
ise
Clu
ster
s an
d G
loba
l Val
ue
Cha
ins'
, ILO
SA
DC
20
03
perfo
rmin
g ar
ts a
nd
danc
e ht
tp://
ww
w.il
o.or
g/dy
n/em
pent
/em
pent
.Por
tal?
p_la
ng=E
N&
p_p
rog=
S&
p_ca
tego
ry=P
UB
&p_
mod
e=P
RO
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ng=E
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WP
Lo
uw
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dri
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Bus
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adio
's
CR
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pro
ject
: gr
owin
g w
ith
med
ia e
duca
tion
UN
ES
CO
P
aper
pr
esen
ted
at
the
Fren
ch
Com
mis
sion
for
UN
ES
CO
m
eetin
g in
pa
rtner
ship
with
th
e Fr
ench
M
inis
try
of
Sou
th A
frica
20
07
mus
ic
http
://w
ww
.ncr
f.org
.za/
sa-c
omm
unity
-rad
io-p
rese
nt-p
aper
-at-
unes
co-m
edia
-edu
catio
n…
Art
eria
l Net
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k’s
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aphy
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ive
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009
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ear
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Edu
catio
n an
d th
e C
ounc
il of
E
urop
e at
the
Cen
tre d
e C
onfe
renc
es
Inte
rnat
inal
es,
Par
is, F
ranc
e
M.
Fra
nci
sco
d
’Alm
eid
a et
M
me
Mar
ie
Lis
e A
llem
an,
Les
indu
strie
s cu
lture
lles
des
pays
du
Sud
: en
jeux
du
proj
et
de c
onve
ntio
n in
tern
atio
nale
sur
la
div
ersi
té
cultu
relle
Ass
ocia
tion
Cul
ture
et
déve
lopp
emen
t
Ass
ocia
tion
Cul
ture
et
déve
lopp
emen
t
Afri
ca
2004
C
ross
-cut
ting
Mak
ots
i, R
uth
Exp
andi
ng th
e bo
ok tr
ade
acro
ss A
frica
: a
stud
y of
cur
rent
ba
rrie
rs a
nd
futu
re p
oten
tial
Ass
ocia
tion
for t
he
Dev
elop
men
t of
Edu
catio
n in
A
frica
Ass
ocia
tion
for
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
in
Afri
ca, i
n co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith th
e A
frica
n P
ublis
hers
' N
etw
ork,
O
xfor
d, U
K
Afri
ca
1999
bo
oks
Man
s,
Min
ette
E
Cre
atin
g a
cultu
ral p
olic
y fo
r N
amib
ia
A
rts E
duca
tion
Pol
icy
Rev
iew
N
amib
ia
2000
po
licy
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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nom
y in
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©
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J, 2
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ent
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ciat
ed
pro
ject
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ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Map
pp
-Set
a (a
uth
ore
d b
y M
on
ica
New
ton
)
MA
PP
P-S
ET
A
‘Sec
tor
Ski
lls
Pla
n’
Map
pp-S
eta
Map
pp-S
eta
sect
or s
kills
pl
an p
er s
ecto
r
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Mar
shfi
eld
, K
ater
ina
and
va
n
Oo
ster
ho
ut,
M
ich
iel
Sur
vey
of
Con
tent
and
A
udie
nces
of
Vid
eo H
alls
in
Uga
nda
2005
-20
06
Uga
nda
Inte
rnat
iona
l Fi
lm F
estiv
al
Uga
nda
Uga
nda
2007
U
gand
a w
ww
.uiff
.org
MA
SA
In
trodu
cing
M
AS
A (M
arke
t for
A
frica
n P
erfo
rmin
g A
rts)
MA
SA
P
rese
ntat
ion
A
frica
20
07
perfo
rmin
g ar
ts a
nd
danc
e ht
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org/
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len
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th A
frica
n M
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Hub
D
AC
, Sou
th
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ca
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2008
M
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
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liogr
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ive
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nom
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ntr
y Y
ear
Are
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st
Web
site
Mat
suu
ra,
Ko
ich
iro
UN
ES
CO
: C
ultu
re,
Inte
grat
ion
and
Afri
can
Ren
aiss
ance
UN
ES
CO
A
ddre
ss o
n th
e oc
casi
on o
f the
C
onfe
renc
e of
M
inis
ters
of
Cul
ture
of t
he
Afri
ca U
nion
Afri
ca
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
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esdo
c.un
esco
.org
/imag
es/0
014/
0142
7/14
2796
e.pd
f
Maz
on
de,
I N
C
ultu
re a
nd
Pea
ce: t
he
Sea
rch
for
Indi
cato
rs
Inte
rnat
iona
l N
etw
ork
for
Cul
tura
l D
iver
sity
Pre
sent
ed a
t th
e IN
CD
m
eetin
g in
C
ape
Tow
n,
Aut
hor f
rom
U
nive
rsity
of
Bot
swan
a
Afri
ca
2002
in
dica
tors
&
mea
sure
men
t
Maz
on
de,
I.N
C
ultu
re a
nd
Pea
ce: T
he
Sea
rch
for
Indi
cato
rs
OC
PA
and
In
tera
rts
Uni
vers
ity o
f B
otsw
ana
Bot
swan
a 20
06
indi
cato
rs &
m
easu
rem
ent
http
://oc
pa.ir
mo.
hr/a
ctiv
ities
/mee
tings
/map
uto2
006/
Wor
ksho
p_Fi
nal_
Rep
ort-e
n.pd
f
Mb
aye,
Je
nn
y
Géo
grap
hies
de
L'in
dust
rie
mus
ical
e hi
p ho
p en
Afri
que
de
l'Oue
st
Inst
itut
Nat
iona
l de
la
Rec
herc
he
Sci
entif
ique
(IN
RS
) -
Qué
bec
Col
logu
e in
tern
atio
nal
“Arts
, ter
ritoi
res
et n
ouve
lle
écon
omie
cu
lture
lle. L
a cu
lture
, un
atou
t in
cont
ourn
able
du
dé
velo
ppem
ent
urba
in e
t ré
gion
al?
76em
e co
ngre
s de
L'A
CFA
S
Wes
t Afri
ca
2008
m
usic
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
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y in
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ject
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ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
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st
Web
site
Mb
aye,
Je
nn
y
Wes
t Afri
can
Hip
H
op: A
tra
nsna
tiona
l so
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mov
emen
t
Priv
ate
Aeg
is c
orto
na
sum
mer
sch
ool
in A
frica
n st
udie
s,
Cor
tona
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ne 2
008
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t Afri
ca
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M
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Je
nn
y
AU
RA
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me
polit
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oduc
tion
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mus
ic
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est A
frica
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ic
Mb
ewe,
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ebat
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can
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In
dust
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eeds
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ette
r Tra
inin
g to
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urvi
ve
Arte
rial
Net
wor
k A
rteria
l New
s V
ol 1
No
1 A
frica
20
07
film
Mb
ewe,
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ebat
Sta
rt sm
all,
thin
k bi
g A
rteria
l N
etw
ork
Arte
rial N
ews
Vol
2 n
o 4
Afri
ca
2007
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ross
-cut
ting
Med
ia
Mo
nit
ori
ng
P
roje
ct &
O
pen
R
esea
rch
His
ses
and
whi
stle
s': A
ba
selin
e st
udy
into
arts
co
vera
ge in
the
Sou
th A
frica
n m
ass
med
ia
Med
ia
mon
itorin
g pr
ojec
t and
op
en
rese
arch
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2006
m
edia
Meg
a-T
ech
Th
e na
tiona
l IC
T m
aste
r pla
n an
d E
-gov
ernm
ent
netw
ork
feas
ibili
ty
stud
y in
Uga
nda
Uga
nda
2006
IC
T ht
tp://
wou
gnet
/org
.ICTp
olic
y/ug
/ugi
ctpo
licy.
htm
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
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Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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162
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92
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itle
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omm
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on
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pro
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ntr
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ear
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a of
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tere
st
Web
site
Mel
and
ow
itz
, Hu
gh
Sam
plin
g M
usic
M
oshi
to
Sou
th A
fric
a S
outh
Afri
ca
2008
M
usic
Mer
cier
, Je
ann
e
Les
renc
ontre
s A
frica
ines
de
la
Pho
togr
aphi
e,
Bam
ako
2005
Eco
le d
es
Hau
tes
Etu
des
en
Sci
ence
s S
ocia
les
(EH
ES
S)
Bam
ako,
Mal
i M
ali
2006
vi
sual
art
Mo
atlh
od
i, Z
od
wa
Title
: The
Mus
ic
Indu
stry
C
omm
issi
oni
ng P
arty
: M
AP
PP
-S
ETA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls
Pla
n
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
Mus
ic
Mo
nic
a N
ewto
n
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
Sec
tor
Sco
ping
City
of
Joha
nnes
bur
g: E
cono
mic
D
evel
opm
ent U
nit
Joha
nnes
burg
F
ilm In
cuba
tor,
Joha
nnes
burg
P
erfo
rmin
g A
rts
Incu
bato
r, an
d Jo
hann
esbu
rg
Mus
ic M
arke
t
Sou
th A
frica
20
05
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Mo
nic
a N
ewto
n
Wor
ksho
p R
epor
t of
the
Free
Sta
te
Pro
vinc
ial C
raft
Con
fere
nce
Free
Sta
te
Dep
artm
ent
of S
port,
A
rts, C
ultu
re,
Sci
ence
and
Te
chno
logy
S
outh
Afri
ca
2003
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
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Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
163
of 2
92
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e T
itle
C
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Pur
pos
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pro
ject
Cou
ntr
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ear
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tere
st
Web
site
Mo
nic
a N
ewto
n
Nat
iona
l Cra
ft Im
bizo
Wor
ksho
p Fi
nal R
epor
t
Dep
artm
ent
of A
rts a
nd
Cul
ture
Bea
utifu
l T
hing
s E
xhib
ition
Sou
th A
frica
20
02
arts
and
cra
fts
Mo
shit
o
Mu
sic
Co
nfe
ren
ce
& E
xhib
itio
n
Title
: Mos
hito
‘04
C
omm
issi
oni
ng p
arty
: M
oshi
to
Mus
ic
Con
fere
nce
& E
xhib
ition
S
outh
Afri
ca
2004
m
usic
Mo
yo, D
ixo
n
An
Act
ion
rese
arch
on
Sm
all E
nter
pris
e D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Job
Cre
atio
n in
th
e C
ultu
ral
Sec
tor
ILO
Zam
bia
2002
cr
oss
cutti
ng
Mth
and
o,
Mar
tin
an
d
Kip
eja,
L
auri
an
The
Tanz
ania
n Fi
lm V
alue
Cha
in
Stu
dy R
epor
t
Zanz
ibar
In
tern
atio
nal
Film
Fes
tival
(Z
IFF)
Pre
pare
d fro
th
e ZI
FF,
Fes
tival
of t
he
Dho
w
Cou
ntrie
s
Tanz
ania
20
07
film
ht
tp://
ww
w.z
iff.o
r.tz/
soko
filam
.htm
Mu
shin
ga,
G
lori
a
Zam
bia'
s IC
T po
licy
final
ly
laun
ched
Zam
bia
2007
IC
T ht
tp://
ww
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/200
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bia_
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eria
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liogr
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
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ca
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CA
J, 2
009
P
age
164
of 2
92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
on
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Ag
ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
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pro
ject
Cou
ntr
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ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Nat
ion
al
Co
mm
issi
on
o
n C
ult
ure
, G
han
a
Nat
iona
l C
onfe
renc
e on
C
ultu
re a
nd
NE
PA
D
Nat
iona
l C
omm
issi
on
on C
ultu
re
A
frica
20
06
cros
s cu
tting
ht
tp://
ww
w.g
hana
cultu
re.g
ov.g
h/in
des1
/php
?lin
kid=
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arch
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id=1
59&
page
=1&
adat
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ion
al
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an
d
Vid
eo
Fo
un
dat
ion
Title
: Eur
opea
n U
nion
Sou
th
Afri
ca F
ilm
Sym
posi
um
Com
mis
sion
ing
Par
ty:
Nat
iona
l Film
an
d V
ideo
Fo
unda
tion
S
outh
Afri
ca
2000
fil
m
Nig
eria
n
go
vern
men
t
Nat
iona
l In
form
atio
n Te
chno
logy
P
olic
y, "
Use
It":
Cha
pter
11:
Arts
, C
ultu
re a
nd
Tour
ism
Nig
eria
n G
over
nmen
t
Nig
eria
ICT
http
://w
ww
.nitd
a.go
v.ng
/doc
umen
t/nig
eria
itpol
icy.
Nts
hili
ng
a-K
ho
sa,
Ro
selin
e an
d J
off
e,
Avr
il
Title
: Fun
ding
for
the
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries;
Film
an
d E
lect
roni
c M
edia
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
nd
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls
Pla
n
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
fund
ing
and
spon
sors
hip
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
165
of 2
92
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
on
ing
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ent
Pur
pos
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pro
ject
Cou
ntr
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ear
Are
a of
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tere
st
Web
site
Nts
hin
gila
-K
ho
sa,
Ro
selin
e
Title
: Des
ign
Sub
-Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
nd
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
kills
Pla
n
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
Des
ign
Nts
hin
gila
-K
ho
sa,
Ro
selin
e
Title
: Mul
timed
ia
Ani
mat
ion
Sub
-S
ecto
r
Com
mis
sion
ing
par
ty:
Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
nd
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls
Pla
n
Sou
th A
frica
20
04
anim
atio
n
Nw
and
iko
, E
mek
a
Nig
eria
'Nob
ody
know
s to
mor
row
' N
ew A
frica
n N
ew A
fric
an
Nig
eria
20
06
cros
s cu
tting
ht
tp://
mou
ntai
nrun
ner.u
s/20
06/0
6/ni
geria
_nob
ody_
.htm
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Art
eria
l Net
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k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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009
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age
166
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92
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
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ent
Pur
pos
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pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
OC
PA
A
frica
n C
ultu
ral
Pol
icy
Res
ourc
es
Web
site
Afri
ca
R
esea
rch
reso
urce
s ht
tp://
ocpa
.irm
o.hr
/reso
urce
s/in
dex-
en.h
tml
OC
PA
C
ompe
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efer
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D
ocum
ents
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Cul
tura
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icie
s in
Afri
ca
OC
PA
P
ublis
hed
in
coop
erat
ion
with
UN
ES
CO
Moz
ambi
que
2006
R
esea
rch
reso
urce
s
OC
PA
C
ultu
ral
Indi
cato
rs: V
iew
s fro
m A
frica
OC
PA
D
rafte
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the
Tas
k Fo
rce
on
Cul
tura
l In
dica
tors
of
Hum
an
Dev
elop
men
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Afri
ca fo
r pr
esen
tatio
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th
e C
ongr
ess
of
Cul
tura
l Rig
hts
and
Hum
an
deve
lopm
ent
unde
r the
au
spic
es o
f the
F
orum
B
arce
lona
, M
ozam
biqu
e
Afri
ca
2004
in
dica
tors
&
mea
sure
men
t ht
tp://
ww
w.c
ultu
ralri
ghts
.net
/des
carg
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rets
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OC
PA
M
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e on
cu
ltura
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icat
ors
OC
PA
M
eetin
g Ta
sk
forc
e, N
airo
bi
Afri
ca
2005
in
dica
tors
&
mea
sure
men
t
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
167
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
on
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Ag
ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
OC
PA
, In
tera
rts
OC
PA
and
In
tera
cts
Exp
erts
m
eetin
g on
R
esea
rch
Prio
ritie
s
OC
PA
M
eetin
g co
nven
ed in
D
akar
by
OC
PA
, the
In
tera
cts
Fou
ndat
ion
(Bar
celo
na,
Spa
in) w
ith th
e su
ppor
t of t
he
Spa
nish
M
inis
try
of
Cul
ture
on
the
occa
sion
of t
he
INC
D m
eetin
g co
nven
ed in
co-
oper
atio
n w
ith
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Sen
egal
ese
Coa
litio
n fo
r C
ultu
ral
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
the
Sen
egal
ese
Coa
litio
n of
S
ocio
-E
cono
mic
A
ctor
s.
Sen
egal
20
05
Res
earc
h re
sour
ces
http
://oc
pa.ir
mo.
hr/a
ctiv
ities
/mee
tings
/dak
ar20
05/E
xper
ts_M
eetin
g_F
inal
_Rep
ort_
2005
-en.
On
deg
a,
Og
ova
The
Afr
ican
C
inem
a do
esn’
t ex
ist
The
Pow
er
of C
ultu
re
Web
site
Afri
ca
Afri
ca
2009
fil
m
http
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ww
.pow
erof
cultu
re.n
l/en/
curr
ent/2
009/
febr
uary
/fesp
aco
Org
anis
atio
n o
f A
fric
an
Un
ity/
U
NE
SC
O
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries
for
deve
lopm
ent i
n A
frica
: Dak
ar
Pla
n of
Act
ion
AU
/UN
ES
CO
Afri
ca
1992
C
ross
-cut
ting
Ou
est
Afr
iqu
e
Wor
ld B
ank
stud
y of
Ivor
y C
oast
, S
eneg
al a
nd M
ali
Oue
st
Afri
que
Eco
nom
ie
W
est A
frica
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
site
reso
urce
s.w
orld
bank
.org
/INTC
EE
RD
/Res
ourc
es/C
WI
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ic_i
ndus
try_i
n_A
frica
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s.pd
f
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
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e T
itle
C
omm
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on
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ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
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ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Eco
no
mie
Ow
oo
, Jo
hn
D
isbu
rsem
ent o
f do
nor f
unds
- S
hini
ng e
xam
ple
from
Zam
bia
Arte
rial
Net
wor
k A
rteria
l New
s V
ol 2
No
5 Za
mbi
a 20
07
fund
ing
and
spon
sors
hip
Ow
oo
, Jo
hn
V
isua
l art
s in
A
frica
: pla
gued
by
a li
tany
of
prob
lem
s &
ob
stac
le
Arte
rial
Net
wor
k A
rteria
l New
s V
ol 2
no
6 A
frica
20
07
visu
al a
rt
Pag
nie
t,
Ger
ald
ine
The
cultu
ral
indu
strie
s an
d de
velo
pmen
t
AC
P
in T
he C
ourie
r A
CP
-EU
no
194
Sep
tem
ber
- O
ctob
er, 2
002
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s 20
02
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
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urop
a.eu
/dev
elop
men
t/bod
y/pu
blic
atin
s/co
urie
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rier
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n-04
2-ni
Par
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enta
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off
ice
on
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ce a
nd
te
chn
olo
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ICT
in
Dev
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Cou
ntrie
s
P
ostn
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No
261
Dev
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Cou
ntrie
s 20
06
ICT
ww
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post
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s200
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m
Per
man
, T
on
y
Afri
ca a
nd
trans
natio
nal
cultu
ral i
ndus
tries
U
nive
rstiy
of
Illin
ois,
Urb
ana-
Cha
mpa
ign
Afri
ca
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
http
://w
ww
.afrs
t.uiu
c.ed
u
Pra
tt, A
nd
y w
ith
re
sear
ch
inp
ut
fro
m
Bir
am
N'd
eck
Nd
iaye
The
Mus
ic
Indu
stry
in
Sen
egal
: the
po
tent
ial f
or
econ
omy
deve
lopm
ent
UN
CTA
D
Rep
ort
prep
ared
for
UN
CTA
D
Sen
egal
20
04
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ic
ww
w.ls
e.ac
.uk/
colle
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aphy
/and
envi
ronm
ent/w
hoss
ho/
prof
iles/
prat
t/pdf
/sen
egal
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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itle
C
omm
issi
on
ing
Ag
ent
Pur
pos
e/
asso
ciat
ed
pro
ject
Cou
ntr
y Y
ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Pri
ceW
ater
ho
use
Co
op
ers
Title
: Pro
file
2000
C
omm
issi
oni
ng P
arty
: D
epar
tmen
t of
Arts
and
C
ultu
re
(DA
C)
S
outh
Afri
ca
2000
fil
m
Rep
ub
lic o
f B
ots
wan
a
Nat
iona
l Pol
icy
on C
ultu
re
Rep
ublic
of
Bot
swan
a P
olic
y B
otsw
ana
2001
C
ross
-cut
ting
SA
BC
M
usic
pol
icy
disc
ussi
on
docu
men
t
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afr
ica
Sou
th A
frica
20
08
mus
ic
SA
DC
E
stab
lishm
ent o
f th
e S
AD
C C
ultu
re
Trus
t Fun
d
SA
DC
SA
DC
20
01
fund
ing
and
spon
sors
hip
SA
DC
P
roto
col o
n cu
lture
, in
form
atio
n an
d sp
ort
SA
DC
S
AD
C
SA
DC
20
02
polic
y ht
tp://
ww
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.org
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.php
?id=
437
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ntr
y Y
ear
Are
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st
Web
site
SA
DC
S
outh
ern
Afri
can
Dev
elop
men
t C
omm
unity
S
ecto
r of C
ultu
re
and
Info
rmat
ion
Pol
icie
s, P
riorit
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Str
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SA
DC
SA
DC
19
98
Cro
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uttin
g ht
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leda
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z/sa
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SA
DC
/UN
CT
AD
Jo
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Dev
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ing
Cou
ntrie
s be
com
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a gl
obal
pla
yer:
Opp
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nitie
s in
th
e m
usic
in
dust
ry
SA
DC
D
ocum
ent
prep
ared
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on
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inis
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, In
form
atio
n an
d S
ports
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DC
)
SA
DC
20
00
mus
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FA
CT
P
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cam
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AFA
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C
m
usic
ht
tp://
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RE
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PO
VE
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N IN
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FRIC
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re
view
of t
he
cultu
ral
effe
ctiv
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s of
P
over
ty
Red
uctio
n S
trate
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t and
C
entra
l Afri
ca
Inte
rnat
iona
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etw
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Cul
tura
l D
iver
sity
A re
port
prep
ared
for
the
Con
fere
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on A
frica
n C
ultu
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can
Mus
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Indu
stry
Wor
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e de
velo
pmen
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an,
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or
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can
Mus
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Wor
ld B
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p on
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
mus
ic
indu
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in
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ca,
spon
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d by
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t's th
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e m
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dust
ry in
Afri
ca
Wor
ld B
ank
Wor
ksho
p on
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
mus
ic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca,
spon
sore
d by
th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d th
e P
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y S
cien
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tre, I
nc,
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C
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ca.c
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velo
pmen
t
UN
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CO
P
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ted
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ican
R
egio
nal A
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catio
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onfe
renc
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lizab
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ca
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bad
ou
, M
ou
stap
ha
(Min
iste
re
de
la
Cu
ltu
re)
Etu
de -
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gnos
tic d
u se
cteu
r de
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nges
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w v
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ES
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U
NE
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O
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ca
2005
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usic
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ww
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sco.
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ishi
ng
Th
e D
evel
op
men
t R
esea
rch
G
rou
p o
n
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rnat
ion
al
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de
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ksho
p on
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deve
lopm
ent o
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e m
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ry in
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ca
Wor
ld B
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mar
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n_A
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f
Th
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lob
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l D
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pmen
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Uni
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pr
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CTA
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Cre
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R
egio
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ross
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ting
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ES
CO
R
egio
nal F
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ns
Cre
ativ
e E
cono
my
Rep
ort
2008
: the
ch
alle
nge
of
asse
ssin
g th
e cr
eativ
e ec
onom
y:
tow
ards
info
rmed
po
licy-
mak
ing
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
U
ncta
d an
d U
N
partn
ers
Dev
elop
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Cou
ntrie
s 20
08
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g
Un
ited
N
atio
ns
ICT
T
askf
orc
e
Mea
surin
g IC
T:
the
glob
al s
tatu
s of
ICT
indi
cato
rs
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
P
artn
ersh
ip o
n M
easu
ring
ICT
for
Dev
elop
men
t
Wor
ld
2005
IC
T
Un
kno
wn
Fe
ux d
e B
razz
a:
Rap
port
de la
tro
isiè
me
éditi
on
Unk
now
n
DR
C
pe
rform
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arts
, mus
ic
Un
kno
wn
Zi
mba
bwe
: C
ultu
ral
exch
ange
Unk
now
n
Zim
babw
e 20
08
Zim
babw
e, c
ross
cu
tting
Un
kno
wn
Th
e P
ower
of
Cul
ture
: Mas
ter
Pla
n A
frica
n A
rt S
ecto
r on
the
way
Unk
now
n
Afri
ca
2007
cr
oss-
cutti
ng
http
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ww
.pow
erof
cultu
re.n
l/en/
curr
ent/2
007/
april
/arte
rial.h
tml
Un
kno
wn
H
erita
ge: W
ho
owns
indi
geno
us
know
ledg
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Unk
now
n
Afri
ca
he
ritag
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Un
kno
wn
A
sur
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of
rese
arch
out
puts
fo
r the
Sou
th
Afri
can
Mus
ic,
Cra
ft, F
ilm a
nd
Tele
visi
on a
nd
publ
ishi
ng
sect
ors
betw
een
1997
and
200
2
HS
RC
C
ultu
ral
Obs
erva
tory
HS
RC
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
Sou
th A
frica
20
02
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g w
ww
.cul
tura
lobs
erva
tory
.org
.za/
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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Eco
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J, 2
009
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
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ent
Pur
pos
e/
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ciat
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pro
ject
Cou
ntr
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ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Un
win
, Tim
P
artn
ersh
ips
in
Dev
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men
t P
ract
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E
vide
nce
from
m
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stak
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ract
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in
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Uni
ted
Nat
ions
U
nite
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atio
ns
Wor
ld S
umm
it on
the
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rmat
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Soc
iety
Afri
ca
2005
IC
T
US
AID
B
alan
cing
Cul
ture
an
d C
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ion
thro
ugh
Ent
erpr
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US
AID
S
tory
on
Web
site
abo
ut
Tan
zani
a
Tanz
ania
20
04
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
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asto
ries.
usai
d.go
v/se
arch
_det
ails
.cfm
?sto
ryID
=228
&co
untry
ID=2
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…
Van
Gra
an,
Mik
e
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries,
arts
, cu
lture
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cr
eativ
e ar
ts:
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an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
th
e cu
rren
t nat
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scop
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the
crea
tive
indu
strie
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wes
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, S
outh
Afr
ica
S
outh
Afri
ca
C
ross
-cut
ting
Van
Gra
an,
Mik
e
Cul
tura
l In
dust
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arts
, cu
lture
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cr
eativ
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ts:
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enda
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STG
RO
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outh
Afri
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ME
DS
pro
cess
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este
rn C
ape
Sou
th A
frica
20
07
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ht
tp://
ww
w.h
ivos
.nl/e
nglis
h/en
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raan
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te
Mik
e va
n G
raan
W
ebsi
te
Sou
th A
frica
al
l C
ross
-cut
ting
http
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ww
.mik
evan
graa
n.co
.za/
rece
nt-a
rticl
es-p
aper
s
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
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CA
J, 2
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C
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pro
ject
Cou
ntr
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ear
Are
a of
In
tere
st
Web
site
Var
iou
s Th
e N
iger
ian
Film
In
dust
ry
Afri
ca
Upd
ate
New
slet
ter
Afri
ca U
pdat
e V
ol.X
1, Is
sue
2 (S
prin
g 20
04)
Nig
eria
20
04
film
ht
tp://
ww
w.c
csu.
edu/
afst
udy/
upd1
1-2.
htm
l
Vis
ual
Art
s N
etw
ork
of
So
uth
Afr
ica
VA
NS
A
VA
NS
A
Web
site
S
outh
Afri
ca
all
visu
al a
rt ht
tp://
ww
w.v
ansa
.co.
za/re
sour
ces
Wak
ash
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S
peec
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M
oshi
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Mos
hito
S
outh
Afr
ica
Sou
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frica
20
08
mus
ic
Yir
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The
Kw
aito
na
tion:
an
indu
stry
ana
lysi
s
YFM
, Sou
th
Afri
ca
Unp
ublis
hed
- su
mm
ary
avai
labl
e at
M
IO
Sou
th A
frica
20
03
mus
ic
http
://w
ww
/mio
.co.
za
Un
kno
wn
C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
for c
ultu
ral
ente
rpris
e
Afri
ca
unkn
own
cros
s-cu
tting
ht
tp://
ww
w.d
efsa
.org
.za/
2007
conf
eren
ce/d
ocum
ents
/pap
ers/
Jack
ieG
uille
Un
kno
wn
C
ultu
re e
t cr
éatio
n: u
ne
certa
ine
visi
on d
u dé
velo
ppen
t
Mal
i un
know
n vi
sual
arts
ht
tp://
ww
w.c
ultu
re-d
ev.e
u/es
pace
-pre
sse/
cultu
re-d
ev.e
u-m
aner
visi
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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181
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92
List
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ocum
ents
by
CO
UN
TR
Y
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
AC
P-E
U
Par
tner
ship
A
gree
men
t A
CP
S
igne
d in
C
OTO
NO
U
AC
P
2000
cr
oss
cutti
ng
hard
AC
P G
roup
D
akar
Dec
lara
tion
on
the
Pro
mot
ion
of A
CP
C
ultu
res
and
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries
AC
P
A
CP
20
03
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ha
rd
http
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ww
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sec.
org/
acpf
estiv
al/a
cp83
0060
3_D
akar
_Dec
lara
tion_
e.pd
f
AC
P G
roup
P
rom
otio
n of
Cul
tura
l in
dust
ries/
Reg
iona
l co
oper
atio
n in
the
field
of c
ultu
re: r
epor
t on
the
mai
n co
nclu
sion
s
AC
P
Tech
nica
l mee
ting
1st m
eetin
g of
AC
P
Min
iste
rs o
f Cul
ture
, W
orki
ng G
roup
11
AC
P
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
182
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92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
AC
P S
ecre
taria
t H
andb
ook
on
AC
P
Cul
tura
l Ind
ustri
es
AC
P
Dra
wn
up b
y C
caw
a / C
acao
for t
he
Sec
reta
riat o
f the
A
CP
AC
P
2006
In
dica
tors
&
mea
sure
men
t so
ft/ p
df
http
://w
ww
.acp
film
s.eu
/file
adm
in/fi
chie
rs/fo
rmul
aire
_et
_ann
exes
/EN
/Han
dboo
k_A
CP
_cul
tura
l_in
dust
ries.
Org
anis
atio
n of
Afri
can
Uni
ty/
UN
ES
CO
C
ultu
ral I
ndus
tries
for
deve
lopm
ent i
n A
frica
: Dak
ar P
lan
of
Act
ion
AU
/UN
ES
CO
Afr
ica
1992
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
Mak
otsi
, Rut
h E
xpan
ding
the
book
tra
de a
cros
s A
frica
: a
stud
y of
cur
rent
ba
rrie
rs a
nd fu
ture
po
tent
ial
Ass
ocia
tion
for t
he
Dev
elop
men
t of
Edu
catio
n in
Afr
ica
Ass
ocia
tion
for t
he
deve
lopm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
in A
frica
, in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith
the
Afri
can
Pub
lishe
rs' N
etw
ork,
O
xfor
d, U
K
Afr
ica
1999
bo
oks
soft
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enlib
rary
.org
/b/O
L224
6073
2M/E
xpan
ding
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book
-trad
e-ac
ross
-Afri
ca
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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183
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92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Cha
m, M
bye
The
Dyn
amic
s of
A
frica
n Fi
lmm
akin
g U
NE
SC
O
UN
ES
CO
's W
orld
C
ultu
re R
epor
t 200
0:
Cul
tura
l div
ersi
ty,
conf
lict a
nd p
lura
lism
Afr
ica
2000
fil
m
hard
Sith
ole,
Jab
ulan
i C
ultu
re c
an p
lay
a ke
y ro
le in
regi
onal
in
tegr
atio
n
Afr
ica
2000
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.s
ardc
.net
/edi
tori
al/s
anf/2
000/
Iss2
3/N
f2.h
tml
UN
ES
CO
R
egio
nal c
onsu
ltatio
n on
cul
tura
l ind
ustri
es
in A
frica
UN
ES
CO
C
oton
ou
Afr
ica
2000
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
184
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
UN
ES
CO
R
egio
nal F
orum
on
cultu
ral i
ndus
trie
s in
A
frica
UN
ES
CO
O
rgan
ised
by
Bre
da
at A
BO
ME
Y, B
enin
A
fric
a 20
00
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g ha
rd
http
//ww
w.d
akar
.une
sco.
org/
new
s/en
/en_
0008
14_c
utl
ure.
shtm
l
Sel
igm
an, G
Lo
cal r
eper
toire
hits
ne
w h
eigh
ts to
do
min
ate
wor
ld m
usic
m
arke
t in
Afri
can
Mus
ic In
dust
ry
Wor
ld B
ank
Pap
er p
rese
nted
at
the
wor
ksho
p on
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
m
usic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca, W
orld
Ban
k an
d P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre, I
nc,
Was
hing
ton,
DC
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
w
ord,
inte
rnet
ht
tp://
site
reso
urce
s.w
orld
ban
k.or
g/in
tcee
rd/re
sour
ces/
cwi_
mus
ic_i
ndus
try_i
n_af
rica
_syn
opsi
s.pd
f
Sel
igm
an, G
eorg
e Th
e M
arke
t for
A
frica
n M
usic
W
orld
Ban
k W
orks
hop
on th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
he
mus
ic in
dust
ry in
A
frica
, spo
nsor
ed b
y th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d th
e P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre, I
nc,
Was
hing
ton,
DC
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
w
ord,
inte
rnet
ht
tp://
site
reso
urce
s.w
orld
ban
k.or
g/in
tcee
rd/re
sour
ces/
cwi_
mus
ic_i
ndus
try_i
n_af
rica
_syn
opsi
s.pd
f
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Sen
. Am
arty
a W
hat's
the
use
of
mus
ic?
The
role
of
the
mus
ic in
dust
ry in
A
frica
Wor
ld B
ank
Wor
ksho
p on
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
m
usic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca, s
pons
ored
by
the
Wor
ld B
ank
and
the
Pol
icy
Sci
ence
s C
entre
, Inc
, W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
w
ord,
inte
rnet
ht
tp://
site
reso
urce
s.w
orld
ban
k.or
g/in
tcee
rd/re
sour
ces/
cwi_
mus
ic_i
ndus
try_i
n_af
rica
_syn
opsi
s.pd
f
Stru
mpf
, Mitc
hel
Info
rmal
mus
ic
train
ing
in e
arly
ch
ildho
od m
usic
al
deve
lopm
ent
UN
ES
CO
P
aper
pre
sent
ed a
t th
e A
frica
n R
egio
nal
Arts
Edu
catio
n C
onfe
renc
e in
por
t E
lizab
eth,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
ha
rd
The
Dev
elop
men
t Res
earc
h G
roup
on
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de
Wor
ksho
p on
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
m
usic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca
Wor
ld B
ank
Par
ticip
ants
incl
ude
Am
arty
a S
en, P
aul
Col
lier,
J M
icha
el
Fing
er, F
rank
Pen
na,
Dav
id S
arye
k,
Ger
ard
Sel
igm
an,
John
Col
lins,
C
oenr
aad
Vis
ser,
Jero
me
Rei
chm
an,
Phi
l Har
dy, S
cott
Bur
nett,
Kei
th
Mas
kus
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
pd
f ht
tp://
site
reso
urce
s.w
orld
ban
k.or
g/IN
TCE
ER
D/R
esou
rces
/CW
I_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
Afri
ca_s
ynop
sis.
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
186
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Tshi
kuku
, Kab
eya
Cul
ture
, E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
and
Dev
elop
men
t in
Afri
ca
CR
DI/I
DR
C,
UN
ES
CO
P
aper
pre
sent
ed to
th
e In
tern
atio
nal
Con
fere
nce
on th
e C
ultu
ral A
ppro
ach
to
Dev
elop
men
t in
Afri
ca, S
eneg
al b
y P
rof T
shik
uku
from
In
stitu
t de
Rec
herc
hes
Eco
nom
oniq
ues
et
Soc
iale
s (IR
ES
) U
nive
rsite
de
Kin
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2001
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2003
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n, K
ira
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2003
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ross
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rnet
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CA
J, 2
009
P
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187
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92
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itle
C
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tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Ald
en, C
hris
Fo
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tern
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2004
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Afr
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2004
M
usic
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
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Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
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reat
ive
Eco
nom
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©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
188
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92
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itle
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gen
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ou
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ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Kro
mbe
rg, S
teve
P
ublis
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in A
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H
SR
C, S
outh
A
fric
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art o
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HS
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re
sear
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am fo
r D
AC
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to e
stab
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a cu
ltura
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serv
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y
Afr
ica
2004
pu
blis
hing
ha
rd
M. F
ranc
isco
d’A
lmei
da e
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me
Mar
ie L
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Alle
man
,
Les
indu
strie
s cu
lture
lles
des
pays
du
Sud
: en
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du
proj
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le s
ur la
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ultu
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et
dév
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pem
ent
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Cul
ture
et
dév
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ent
Afr
ica
2004
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ross
-cut
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OC
PA
C
ultu
ral I
ndic
ator
s:
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from
Afri
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OC
PA
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rafte
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the
Task
Fo
rce
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ultu
ral
Indi
cato
rs o
f Hum
an
Dev
elop
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ca fo
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esen
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the
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gres
s of
Cul
tura
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ight
s an
d H
uman
de
velo
pmen
t und
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the
ausp
ices
of t
he
Foru
m B
arce
lona
, M
ozam
biqu
e
Afr
ica
2004
in
dica
tors
&
mea
sure
men
t ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.cul
tura
lrigh
ts.n
et/d
esca
rgas
/dre
ts_c
ultu
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80.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
189
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92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Afri
can
Uni
on
Nai
robi
Pla
n of
Act
ion
for C
ultu
ral I
ndus
tries
in
Afri
ca
Afr
ican
Uni
on
Ken
ya
Afr
ica
2005
C
ross
-cut
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ww
w.a
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-uni
on.o
rg
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khill
, Pau
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nder
-rat
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agaz
ine
for
Dev
elop
men
t and
C
oope
ratio
n
Afr
ica
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.in
wen
t.org
/E+Z
/co
nten
t/arc
hive
-eng
/12-
2005
/trib
une_
art4
.htm
l
Dig
iArts
, UN
ES
CO
W
hat i
s D
igita
l Arts
in
Afri
ca?
UN
ES
CO
U
NE
SC
O
Kno
wle
dge
Por
tal
Afr
ica
2005
di
gita
l arts
no
t fou
nd
http
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rtal.u
nesc
o.or
g/cu
ltur
e/en
/ev.
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=243
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Art
eria
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wor
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
190
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92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Mat
suur
a, K
oich
iro
UN
ES
CO
: Cul
ture
, In
tegr
atio
n an
d A
frica
n R
enai
ssan
ce
UN
ES
CO
A
ddre
ss o
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e oc
casi
on o
f the
C
onfe
renc
e of
M
inis
ters
of C
ultu
re
of th
e A
frica
Uni
on
Afr
ica
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
ht
tp://
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doc.
unes
co.o
rg/i
mag
es/0
014/
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7/14
2796
e.pd
f
Tche
bwa,
M
Afri
can
mus
ic: n
ew
chal
leng
es, n
ew
voca
tions
UN
ES
CO
U
NE
SC
O
Afr
ica
2005
m
usic
B
ook
ww
w.u
nesc
o.or
g/pu
blis
hing
The
Glo
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llian
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ultu
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iver
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In
terv
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with
Gas
ton
Kab
ore
UN
ES
CO
U
NE
SC
O
Afr
ica
2005
fil
m
hard
ht
tp://
porta
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eria
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wor
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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©
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age
191
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itle
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omm
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gen
t P
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ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Afri
can
Uni
on
Cha
rter f
or A
fric
an
Cul
tura
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aiss
ance
A
fric
an U
nion
S
ixth
Ord
inar
y S
essi
on o
f the
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ssem
bly,
hel
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K
harto
um, S
udan
Afr
ica
2006
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ross
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Afri
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Uni
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Cul
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, Int
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and
Afr
ican
R
enai
ssan
ce: A
ide
Mem
oire
Afr
ican
Uni
on
Firs
t Pan
Afri
can
Cul
tura
l Con
gres
s or
gani
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by th
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frica
n U
nion
Afr
ica
2006
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ross
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/pan
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Mem
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.doc
Afri
can
Uni
on
The
Pro
mot
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and
Pro
tect
ion
of A
frica
's
Cul
tura
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duct
s:
Adv
ocac
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tate
men
t
Afr
ican
Uni
on
Adv
ocac
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tate
men
t A
fric
a 20
06
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g pd
f, in
tern
et
http
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ww
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/Sha
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k’s
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aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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gen
t P
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ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Cul
ture
, Gha
na
Nat
iona
l Con
fere
nce
on C
ultu
re a
nd
NE
PA
D
Nat
iona
l C
omm
issi
on o
n C
ultu
re
A
fric
a 20
06
cros
s cu
tting
ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.gha
nacu
lture
.go
v.gh
/inde
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OC
PA
C
ompe
ndiu
m o
f R
efer
ence
D
ocum
ents
for
Cul
tura
l Pol
icie
s in
A
frica
OC
PA
P
ublis
hed
in
coop
erat
ion
with
U
NE
SC
O
Afr
ica
2006
R
esea
rch
reso
urce
s no
t yet
re
ceiv
ed
http
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pa.ir
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6.pd
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Sag
nia,
Bur
ama
CU
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RE
AN
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PO
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A
LLE
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N IN
A
FRIC
A: A
revi
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ltura
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fect
iven
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of
Pov
erty
Red
uctio
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trate
gy P
aper
s in
W
est a
nd C
entra
l A
frica
Inte
rnat
iona
l N
etw
ork
for
Cul
tura
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ersi
ty
A re
port
pre
pare
d fo
r th
e C
onfe
renc
e on
A
frica
n C
ultu
ral
Sec
tor D
evel
opm
ent,
Goi
ree
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nd, D
akar
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al, 5
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arch
20
07
Afr
ica
2006
C
ross
-cut
ting
soft
http
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ww
.hiv
ox.n
l/eng
lish/
engl
ish/
arte
rial/b
ackg
roun
d-m
ater
ials
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
Eco
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onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Arte
rial C
onfe
renc
e Th
e A
rteria
l C
onfe
renc
e:
Vita
lisin
g A
frica
n cu
ltura
l ass
ets
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k C
onfe
renc
e R
epor
t A
fric
a 20
07
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g pd
f ht
tp://
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.irm
o.hr
/reso
urc
es/d
ocs/
arte
rial_
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ce_
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Bric
khill
, Pau
l E
cono
mic
su
stai
nabi
lity
in
Afri
can
Cul
ture
S
ecto
r
Pre
sent
ed a
t the
A
rter
ial N
etw
ork
conf
eren
ce,
'Rev
italis
ing
Afr
ica'
s as
sets
'.
Arte
rial N
etw
ork
Afr
ica
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
inte
rnet
Guc
hu, W
ande
r C
ultu
re -
wha
t cu
lture
? A
rter
ial N
etw
ork
Arte
rial N
ews
Vol
2 N
o 2
Afr
ica
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
Eco
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C
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gen
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ose/
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soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Kov
acs,
Mat
e, O
CP
A
Cre
ativ
e ec
onom
y an
d po
verty
er
adic
atio
n in
Afri
ca:
prin
cipl
es a
nd
real
ities
OC
PA
Afr
ica
2007
cr
oss
cutti
ng
hard
MA
SA
In
trodu
cing
MA
SA
(M
arke
t for
Afri
can
Per
form
ing
Arts
)
MA
SA
P
rese
ntat
ion
Afr
ica
2007
pe
rform
ing
arts
an
d da
nce
hard
ht
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asa.
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ish/
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enta
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tion.
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Mbe
we,
Neb
at
Sta
rt sm
all,
thin
k bi
g A
rteria
l Net
wor
k A
rteria
l New
s V
ol 2
no
4
Afr
ica
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
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reat
ive
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ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
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tor
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ent
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Mbe
we,
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can
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stry
ne
eds
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ter
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k A
rteria
l New
s V
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N
o 1
Afr
ica
2007
fil
m
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ohn
Vis
ual a
rts in
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ca:
plag
ued
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ny o
f pr
oble
ms
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bsta
cle
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k A
rteria
l New
s V
ol 2
no
6
Afr
ica
2007
vi
sual
art
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l_C
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renc
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y A
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tra
nsna
tiona
l cul
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nive
rsity
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is,
Urb
ana-
Cha
mpa
ign
Afr
ica
2007
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ross
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ting
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ht
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l Net
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ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
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Not
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Cre
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Afri
ca
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fric
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08
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UN
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M
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W
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Cre
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w.a
fricu
lture
s.co
m/p
hp/in
dex.
php?
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2
Man
s, M
inet
te E
C
reat
ing
a cu
ltura
l po
licy
for N
amib
ia
A
rts E
duca
tion
Pol
icy
Rev
iew
N
amib
ia
2000
po
licy
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
207
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92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
IIPI
Nam
ibia
Inte
llect
ual
Pro
pert
y C
onfe
renc
e - S
uppo
rting
Cul
ture
B
ased
Indu
strie
s
IIPI
N
amib
ia
2006
In
telle
ctua
l pr
oper
ty ri
ghts
ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.iipi
.org
/Con
fere
nces
/Nam
ibia
_IP
_Con
fere
nce/
Age
nda.
asp
Spe
cial
cor
resp
onde
nt, L
agos
A
mov
ie in
dust
ry in
se
arch
of i
nves
tors
A
ll A
frica
.com
al
lafri
ca.c
om
Nig
eria
20
01
Film
ha
rd
http
://al
lafri
ca.c
om/s
torie
s/2
0010
6190
023.
htm
l
Var
ious
Th
e N
iger
ian
Film
In
dust
ry
Afr
ica
Upd
ate
New
slet
ter
Afri
ca U
pdat
e V
ol.X
1, Is
sue
2 (S
prin
g 20
04)
Nig
eria
20
04
film
in
tern
et
http
://w
ww
.ccs
u.ed
u/af
stud
y/up
d11-
2.ht
ml
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
208
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Nw
andi
ko, E
mek
a N
iger
ia 'N
obod
y kn
ows
tom
orro
w'
New
Afri
can
New
Afr
ican
N
iger
ia
2006
cr
oss
cutti
ng
hard
ht
tp://
mou
ntai
nrun
ner.u
s/2
006/
06/n
iger
ia_n
obod
y_.h
tm
l
Abo
dunr
in, A
kint
ayo
The
Oba
sanj
o ye
ars:
m
otio
n w
ithou
t m
ovem
ent f
or a
rts,
ente
rtain
men
t
Priv
ate
Nig
eria
n Tr
ibun
e N
iger
ia
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
, int
erne
t ht
tp://
ww
w.tr
ibun
e.co
m.n
g/22
0520
07/a
rts.h
tml
Ain
a, Y
etun
de
Em
pow
erin
g th
e bl
ack
crea
tive
clas
s Ja
deas
Tru
st
N
iger
ia
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
w
ww
.jade
astru
st.o
rg
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
209
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Artm
atte
rs
Nig
eria
ns m
arke
t th
eir c
ount
ry th
roug
h fil
m
Art
Mat
ters
Nig
eria
20
07
film
in
tern
et
http
://w
ww
.artm
atte
rs.in
fo/n
iger
ia1.
htm
Ain
a, Y
etun
de
Rei
nven
ting
Nol
lyw
ood:
the
role
of
the
maf
ia in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
N
iger
ian
Film
In
dust
ry
Priv
ate
Cre
ativ
e C
lust
ers
2008
, Lon
don,
UK
N
iger
ia
2008
fil
m
ppt
Kun
zler
, D
The
Nig
eria
n vi
deo
indu
stry
as
an
exam
ple
of im
port
subs
titut
ion
Nig
eria
film
pd
f w
ww
.suz
.uni
zh.c
h/kh
enzl
er/g
rey/
berg
en1.
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
210
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Nig
eria
n go
vern
men
t N
atio
nal I
nfor
mat
ion
Tech
nolo
gy P
olic
y,
"Use
It":
Cha
pter
11:
A
rts, C
ultu
re a
nd
Tour
ism
Nig
eria
n G
over
nmen
t
Nig
eria
ICT
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.n
itda.
gov.
ng/d
ocu
men
t/nig
eria
itpol
icy.
SA
DC
S
outh
ern
Afri
can
Dev
elop
men
t C
omm
unity
Sec
tor o
f C
ultu
re a
nd
Info
rmat
ion
Pol
icie
s,
Prio
ritie
s an
d S
trate
gies
SA
DC
SA
DC
19
98
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g so
ft ht
tp://
ww
w.te
leda
ta.m
z/sa
dcc
ult/p
olin
g.ht
m
SA
DC
/UN
CTA
D J
oint
Pro
ject
D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
beco
min
g a
glob
al
play
er: O
ppor
tuni
ties
in th
e m
usic
indu
stry
SA
DC
D
ocum
ent p
repa
red
for t
he IX
Ses
sion
of
Min
iste
rs o
f Cul
ture
, In
form
atio
n an
d S
ports
(S
AD
C)
SA
DC
20
00
mus
ic
soft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
211
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
SA
DC
E
stab
lishm
ent o
f the
S
AD
C C
ultu
re T
rust
Fu
nd
SA
DC
SA
DC
20
01
fund
ing
and
spon
sors
hip
hard
Joffe
, A
The
prod
uctio
n of
cu
lture
: tow
ards
a
crea
tive
regi
on
ILO
P
rese
ntat
ion
to IN
CD
S
AD
C
2002
C
ross
-cut
ting
Har
d w
ww
.incd
.net
/Med
ia/IL
OP
res
enta
tion.
ppt
SA
DC
P
roto
col o
n cu
lture
, in
form
atio
n an
d sp
ort
SA
DC
S
AD
C
SA
DC
20
02
polic
y ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.tral
ac.o
rg/s
crip
ts/
cont
ent.p
hp?i
d=43
7
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
212
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Am
bert,
Cec
ile
The
Mus
ic in
dust
ry :
prom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l se
ctor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l en
terp
rise
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
Fo
r the
ser
ies
on
Upg
radi
ng in
sm
all
ente
rpris
e cl
uste
rs
and
Glo
bal v
alue
C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
Mus
ic
Sof
t ht
tp://
ww
w.il
o.or
g/dy
n/em
pen
t/em
pent
.Por
tal?
p_la
ng=
EN
&p_
prog
=S&
p_ca
tego
ry=P
UB
&p_
mod
e=P
RO
D&
p_la
ng=E
N&
p_ty
pe=W
P
Bol
nick
, Ste
ven
The
Eth
no-to
uris
m
indu
stry
: pro
mot
ing
the
cultu
ral s
ecto
r th
roug
h jo
b cr
eatio
n an
d sm
all e
nter
pris
e de
velo
pmen
t in
the
SA
DC
cou
ntrie
s
ILO
P
rom
otin
g cu
lture
th
roug
h jo
b cr
eatio
n an
d sm
all b
usin
ess
deve
lopm
ent i
n S
AD
C c
ount
ries
publ
ishe
d in
the
serie
s on
Upg
radi
ng
in s
mal
l ent
erpr
ise
clus
ters
and
Glo
bal
valu
e C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
Eth
no-to
uris
m
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.il
o.or
g/dy
n/em
pen
t/em
pent
.Por
tal?
p_la
ng=
EN
&p_
prog
=S&
p_ca
tego
ry=P
UB
&p_
mod
e=P
RO
D&
p_la
ng=E
N&
p_ty
pe=W
P
Joffe
, A a
nd J
ackl
in, N
Th
e fil
m a
nd v
ideo
in
dust
ry: p
rom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l sec
tor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l ent
erpr
ise
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
Fo
r the
ser
ies
on
Upg
radi
ng in
sm
all
ente
rpris
e cl
uste
rs
and
Glo
bal v
alue
C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
film
H
ard
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
emp
ent/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=E
N&
p_pr
og=S
&p_
cate
gory
=PU
B&
p_m
ode=
PR
OD
&p_
lang
=EN
&p_
type
=WP
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
213
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Lebe
the,
A
The
Per
form
ing
Arts
an
d D
ance
: pr
omot
ing
the
Cul
tura
l sec
tor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l ent
erpr
ise
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
S
erie
s on
'Upg
radi
ng
in S
mal
l Ent
erpr
ise
Clu
ster
s an
d G
loba
l V
alue
Cha
ins'
, ILO
SA
DC
20
03
perfo
rmin
g ar
ts
and
danc
e ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
emp
ent/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=E
N&
p_pr
og=S
&p_
cate
gory
=PU
B&
p_m
ode=
PR
OD
&p_
lang
=EN
&p_
type
=WP
The
Trin
ity S
essi
on
The
vis
ual a
rts a
nd
craf
ts s
ecto
r:
prom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l se
ctor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l en
terp
rise
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
Fo
r the
ILO
ser
ies
on
Upg
radi
ng in
sm
all
ente
rpris
e cl
uste
rs
and
glob
al v
alue
ch
ains
SA
DC
20
03
arts
and
cra
fts
soft
http
://w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
emp
ent/e
mpe
nt.P
orta
l?p_
lang
=E
N&
p_pr
og=S
&p_
cate
gory
=PU
B&
p_m
ode=
PR
OD
&p_
lang
=EN
&p_
type
=WP
SA
FAC
T
Pira
cy c
ampa
ign
SA
FAC
T
SA
DC
20
08
mus
ic
soft
http
://w
ww
.sou
thaf
rica.
info
/es
s_in
fo/s
a_gl
ance
/med
ia/
dvd-
pira
cy-1
9050
6.ht
m
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
214
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Tam
bado
u, M
oust
apha
(M
inis
tere
de
la C
ultu
re)
Etu
de -
Dia
gnos
tic d
u se
cteu
r de
la c
ultu
re
S
eneg
al
Sen
egal
19
99
Cro
ss-c
uttin
g H
ard:
co
nfid
entia
l
Joffe
, A w
ith re
sear
ch in
put
from
Abd
oul S
ow
Em
ploy
men
t ge
nera
tion
and
Trad
e E
xpan
sion
in
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries:
th
e ca
se o
f the
film
, vi
deo
and
broa
dcas
t in
dust
ry in
Sen
egal
ILO
P
repa
red
for t
he IL
O
Sen
egal
20
04
film
ha
rd, p
df
Pra
tt, A
ndy
with
rese
arch
in
put f
rom
Bira
m N
'dec
k N
diay
e
The
Mus
ic In
dust
ry in
S
eneg
al: t
he p
oten
tial
for e
cono
my
deve
lopm
ent
UN
CTA
D
Rep
ort p
repa
red
for
UN
CTA
D
Sen
egal
20
04
mus
ic
soft
ww
w.ls
e.ac
.uk/
colle
ctio
ns/g
eogr
aphy
/and
envi
ronm
ent/
who
ssho
/pro
files
/pra
tt/pd
f/sen
egal
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
215
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
OC
PA
, In
tera
rts
OC
PA
and
Inte
ract
s E
xper
ts m
eetin
g on
R
esea
rch
Prio
ritie
s
OC
PA
M
eetin
g co
nven
ed in
D
akar
by
OC
PA
, the
In
tera
cts
Foun
datio
n (B
arce
lona
, Spa
in)
with
the
supp
ort o
f th
e S
pani
sh M
inis
try
of C
ultu
re o
n th
e oc
casi
on o
f the
INC
D
mee
ting
conv
ened
in
co-o
pera
tion
with
the
Sen
egal
ese
Coa
litio
n fo
r Cul
tura
l Div
ersi
ty
and
the
Sen
egal
ese
Coa
litio
n of
Soc
io-
Eco
nom
ic A
ctor
s.
Sen
egal
20
05
Res
earc
h re
sour
ces
Har
d ht
tp://
ocpa
.irm
o.hr
/act
iviti
es/m
eetin
gs/d
akar
2005
/Exp
erts
_Mee
ting_
Fina
l_R
epor
t_20
05-e
n.pd
f
DA
CS
T C
reat
ive
Sou
th A
frica
D
AC
ST
Pre
pare
d by
the
Cul
tura
l Stra
tegy
G
roup
So
uth
A
fric
a
1988
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.d
acst
.gov
.za/
art
s_cu
lture
/cul
ture
/indu
strie
s/in
dex.
htm
Nat
iona
l Film
and
Vid
eo
Foun
datio
n Ti
tle: E
urop
ean
Uni
on
Sou
th A
frica
Film
S
ympo
sium
Com
mis
sion
ing
Par
ty: N
atio
nal F
ilm
and
Vid
eo
Foun
datio
n
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2000
fil
m
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
216
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Pric
eWat
erho
useC
oope
rs
Title
: Pro
file
2000
C
omm
issi
onin
g P
arty
: Dep
artm
ent
of A
rts a
nd C
ultu
re
(DA
C)
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2000
fil
m
hard
BM
I-Spo
rt In
fo
The
Adu
lt A
rts a
nd
Cul
ture
and
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and
C
ultu
re S
pons
orsh
ip
Mar
ket i
n S
outh
A
frica
Bus
ines
s A
rts
Sou
th A
frica
(B
AS
A),
the
Nat
iona
l Arts
C
ounc
il of
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th
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ica
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C)
and
the
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ultu
re T
rust
(AC
T)
S
ou
th
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ica
2001
fu
ndin
g an
d sp
onso
rshi
p ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.bas
a.co
.za/
pdfs
/1M
US
ICfin
al.p
df
KP
MG
Ti
tle: T
he S
outh
A
frica
n M
usic
In
dust
ry
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: KP
MG
Med
ia
and
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erta
inm
ent
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2001
m
usic
ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.info
.gov
.za/
view
/Dow
nloa
dFile
Act
ion?
id=7
049
4
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
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tor
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um
ent
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ica
New
ton
Nat
iona
l Cra
ft Im
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orks
hop
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epor
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artm
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f Arts
an
d C
ultu
re
Bea
utifu
l Thi
ngs
Exh
ibiti
on
So
uth
A
fric
a
2002
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
so
ft
Unk
now
n A
sur
vey
of re
sear
ch
outp
uts
for t
he S
outh
A
frica
n M
usic
, Cra
ft,
Film
and
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evis
ion
and
publ
ishi
ng
sect
ors
betw
een
1997
and
200
2
HS
RC
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
HS
RC
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
So
uth
A
fric
a
2002
C
ross
-cut
ting
Wor
d w
ww
.cul
tura
lobs
erva
tory
.or
g.za
/
Avr
il Jo
ffe, C
AJ
Mea
surin
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ultu
re –
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pmen
ts
glob
ally
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hat w
e do
loca
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RC
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C
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
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tura
l Obs
erva
tory
by
HS
RC
on
beha
lf of
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C
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uth
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fric
a
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ross
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ting
hard
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e T
itle
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omm
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t P
urp
ose/
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soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
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tor
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um
ent
Web
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Cre
ateS
A
Nat
iona
l Ski
lls a
nd
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ourc
es A
udit
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ateS
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ateS
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So
uth
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fric
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in
dica
tors
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easu
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tura
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ustri
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ore
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ultu
ral I
ndus
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ecto
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este
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ape
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ent
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t pap
er in
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ro-e
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mic
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trate
gy fo
r the
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este
rn C
ape
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uth
A
fric
a
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
Wor
d ht
tp://
ww
w.a
mts
.co.
za/c
ultu
ral.p
df
Har
oon
Bho
rat a
nd M
ei-C
hi
Liou
“T
he E
cono
mic
s of
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ultu
re a
nd C
ultu
ral
Sta
tistic
s in
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th
Afri
ca”
Dev
elop
men
t P
olic
y R
esea
rch
Uni
t, U
nive
rsity
of
Cap
e T
own
HS
RC
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry
So
uth
A
fric
a
2003
in
dica
tors
and
m
easu
rem
ent
wor
d w
ww
.cul
tura
lobs
erva
tory
.or
g.za
_file
s/ec
on_o
f_cu
ltur
e.pd
f
Art
eria
l Net
wor
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he C
reat
ive
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e T
itle
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omm
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onin
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t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Har
riet D
eaco
n, S
epha
i M
ngqo
lo a
nd S
andr
a P
rosa
lend
is
‘Pro
tect
ing
our
cultu
ral c
apita
l: A
re
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ch p
lan
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he
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itage
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tor
Soc
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ohes
ion
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earc
h P
rogr
amm
e
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tura
l Obs
erva
tory
at
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SC
co
mm
issi
oned
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C.
So
uth
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fric
a
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he
ritag
e ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.hsr
cpre
ss.a
c/fu
ll_t
itle_
info
.asp
?id=
2024
Kai
ser A
ssoc
iate
s E
cono
mic
D
evel
opm
ent P
ract
ice
Stra
tegi
c R
ecom
men
datio
ns
for I
ndus
try
Dev
elop
men
t (D
iscu
ssio
n G
uide
)
CC
DI
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2003
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
so
ft ht
tp://
ww
w.c
apec
rafta
ndde
sign
.org
.za/
rese
arch
_fol
der
/htm
/nic
he/in
dex.
htm
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Kris
tarfo
r, S
ean
and
Bud
hram
, Mes
hal
Driv
ing
the
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
in th
e W
este
rn C
ape
The
Gra
duat
e S
choo
l of B
usin
ess,
U
nive
rsity
of C
ape
Tow
n
MB
A P
rogr
amm
e S
tudy
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2003
C
ross
-cut
ting
Pap
er
http
://w
ww
.des
igni
ndab
a.c
om/a
dvoc
acy/
dow
nloa
ds/D
rivin
g.pd
f
Art
eria
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k’s
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ive
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Mon
ica
New
ton
Wor
ksho
p R
epor
t of
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vinc
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raft
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artm
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port,
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cien
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ou
th
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ica
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ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
so
ft
Yire
d Th
e K
wai
to n
atio
n: a
n in
dust
ry a
naly
sis
YF
M, S
outh
Afri
ca
Unp
ublis
hed
So
uth
A
fric
a
2003
m
usic
ha
rd
http
://w
ww
/mio
.co.
za
EC
I Afri
ca
Bea
ds S
ub-S
ecto
r S
tudy
To
uris
m E
nter
pris
e P
roje
ct (
TEP
) and
th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Trad
e an
d In
dust
ries
(the
DTI
)
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2004
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
ha
rd
Art
eria
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he C
reat
ive
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nom
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009
P
age
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
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Web
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EC
I Afri
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CE
RA
MIC
Sub
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ctor
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TEP
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uth
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fric
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ar
ts a
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rafts
ha
rd
EC
I Afri
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Gra
ss S
ub-S
ecto
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tudy
TE
P &
DTI
So
uth
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fric
a
2004
ar
ts a
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rafts
ha
rd
EC
I Afri
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e S
ubse
ctor
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tudy
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m E
nter
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rogr
amm
e &
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uth
A
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rafts
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rd
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eria
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ive
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e T
itle
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omm
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onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
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soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
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tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
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EC
I Afri
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KZN
Cra
ft S
ub-s
ecto
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tudy
To
uris
m E
nter
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rogr
amm
e an
d D
TI
S
ou
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Afr
ica
2004
ar
ts a
nd c
rafts
ha
rd
Eve
Gra
y an
d A
ssoc
iate
s Ti
tle: Q
ualit
ativ
e R
esea
rch
for M
appp
S
eta
Sec
tor S
kills
P
lan:
the
publ
ishi
ng
sub-
sect
or
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: Map
pp S
eta
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2004
pu
blis
hing
ha
rd
Joffe
, Avr
il &
Nts
hilin
ga-
Kho
sa,
Ros
elin
e &
Wal
ters
, Le
e
Title
: The
Adv
ertis
ing
Indu
stry
’s s
kill
need
s C
omm
issi
onin
g pa
rty: N
tshi
ngila
-K
hosa
and
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ssoc
iatio
ns
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ocia
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proj
ect:
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PP
P-S
ETA
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lls
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n
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uth
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fric
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ad
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ft
Art
eria
l Net
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ive
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y in
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ca
©
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J, 2
009
P
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223
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92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Joffe
, Avr
il (C
AJ)
T
itle:
Film
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eo
Sec
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Com
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sion
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party
: MA
PP
P-
SE
TA
Ass
ocia
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ect:
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P-S
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ecto
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lls P
lan
So
uth
A
fric
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2004
fil
m
soft
Joffe
, Avr
il an
d M
oatlh
odi,
Zodw
a Ti
tle: T
V a
nd R
adio
B
road
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PP
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SE
TA
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ocia
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ETA
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ecto
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lls P
lan
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uth
A
fric
a
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Fi
lm
soft
Khu
lisa
Man
agem
ent
Ser
vice
s an
d E
ve G
ray
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Ass
ocia
tes
Qua
ntita
tive
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n fo
r Map
pp-
Set
a S
ecto
r Ski
lls
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n (S
SP
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eta
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pp-S
eta
sect
or
skill
s pl
an
So
uth
A
fric
a
2004
cr
oss
cutti
ng
soft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
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J, 2
009
P
age
224
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92
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e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Laba
llo, Y
olis
wa
Koy
o
(Ana
maz
ing
Wor
ksho
p)
Title
: Fea
sibi
lity
Stu
dy o
f the
Sou
th
Afri
can
Ani
mat
ion
sect
or
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mis
sion
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party
: Dep
artm
ent
of C
omm
unic
atio
ns
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ou
th
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ica
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imat
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hard
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pp-S
eta
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hore
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onic
a N
ewto
n)
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PP
P-S
ETA
‘S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan’
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appp
-Set
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appp
-Set
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ctor
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ills
plan
per
sec
tor
So
uth
A
fric
a
2004
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
Moa
tlhod
i, Z
odw
a T
itle:
The
Mus
ic
Indu
stry
C
omm
issi
onin
g P
arty
: MA
PP
P-
SE
TA
Ass
ocia
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ect:
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PP
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ETA
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ecto
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lan
So
uth
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fric
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M
usic
so
ft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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nom
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J, 2
009
P
age
225
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
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tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Mos
hito
Mus
ic C
onfe
renc
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E
xhib
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Ti
tle: M
oshi
to ‘0
4 C
omm
issi
onin
g pa
rty: M
oshi
to
Mus
ic C
onfe
renc
e &
Exh
ibiti
on
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2004
m
usic
ha
rd
Nts
hilin
ga-K
hosa
, Ros
elin
e an
d Jo
ffe, A
vril
Title
: Fun
ding
for t
he
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries;
Fi
lm a
nd E
lect
roni
c M
edia
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
nd
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ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan
So
uth
A
fric
a
2004
fu
ndin
g an
d sp
onso
rshi
p so
ft
Nts
hing
ila-K
hosa
, Ros
elin
e Ti
tle: M
ultim
edia
A
nim
atio
n S
ub-
Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
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party
: Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
nd
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
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PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan
So
uth
A
fric
a
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an
imat
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soft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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nom
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ca
©
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J, 2
009
P
age
226
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Nts
hing
ila-K
hosa
, Ros
elin
e Ti
tle: D
esig
n S
ub-
Sec
tor
Com
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: Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
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ocia
tes
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ocia
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ect:
MA
PP
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lls
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uth
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esig
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ft
Ans
ell,
Gw
en
Sow
eto
Blu
es: J
azz,
po
pula
r mus
ic, a
nd
polit
ics
in S
outh
A
frica
Priv
ate
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2005
m
usic
B
ook
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
Con
sulta
tive
foru
m
on a
rts a
nd c
ultu
re in
S
outh
Afri
ca
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
All
Afri
ca A
rts
Con
sulta
tion
Foru
m
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
Sof
t, w
ord
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
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009
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227
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e T
itle
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omm
issi
onin
g A
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t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
CA
J A
Ben
evol
ent F
und
for A
rtist
s A
rts
and
Cul
ture
Tr
ust,
Sou
th A
frica
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
wor
d
CA
J C
reat
ive
sect
or
rese
arch
in S
outh
A
frica
: res
earc
h so
urce
s, k
ey
inst
itutio
ns a
nd
anno
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d bi
blio
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hy o
f the
cu
ltura
l sec
tor
in
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th A
frica
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
Pre
pare
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r the
fist
ph
ase
of th
e cr
eativ
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appi
ng s
tudy
for
the
Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
R
esea
rch
reso
urce
s pd
f
Cre
ateS
A
Futu
re F
ound
atio
ns:
An
Inte
grat
ed H
uman
R
esou
rce
Dev
elop
men
t S
trate
gy
Dep
artm
ent o
f Arts
an
d C
ultu
re (D
AC
)
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
228
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92
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C
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gen
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urp
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soci
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pro
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C
ou
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ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tra
de a
nd
Indu
stry
(DT
I) (E
rica
Elk
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lann
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Act
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and
TV
S
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men
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DTI
: Tra
de a
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Inve
stm
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outh
A
fric
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hief
D
irect
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Cus
tom
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Sec
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Pro
gram
mes
Cus
tom
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Sec
tor
Pro
gram
mes
(CS
P)
of th
e D
TI.
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
cr
aft
hard
/ int
erne
t ht
tp://
ww
w.c
apec
rafta
ndde
sign
.org
.za/
rese
arch
_fol
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/dti_
cust
Dep
artm
ent o
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de a
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stry
(DT
I) (J
ane
Cor
den
and
Ric
hard
Phi
llips
)
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ond
Pla
nnin
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A
ctio
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ilm a
nd T
V
Sec
tor D
evel
opm
ent
Stra
tegy
DT
I: T
rade
and
In
vest
men
t Sou
th
Afr
ica;
Chi
ef
Dire
ctor
ate:
C
usto
mis
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ecto
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amm
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Cus
tom
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Sec
tor
Pro
gram
mes
(CS
P)
of th
e D
TI.
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
fil
m
hard
Free
dthi
nker
s D
evel
opin
g A
udie
nces
for J
obur
g Li
ve A
rts
City
of J
obur
g
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
liv
e ar
ts
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
229
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Gw
ynne
-Eva
ns, N
D
rivin
g a
regi
onal
se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t pr
ogra
mm
e: L
esso
ns
from
the
Wes
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ape:
199
9-20
05
WE
STG
RO
, Sou
th
Afr
ica
Sou
th A
frica
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
hard
Le R
oux,
And
ré
Title
: Pro
posa
l for
an
Afri
can
Mus
ic m
arke
t C
omm
issi
onin
g P
arty
: Och
re
Com
mun
icat
ion
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
City
of J
obur
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cono
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D
evel
opm
ent U
nit’s
S
ecto
r Stra
tegi
es fo
r C
ultu
ral S
ecto
r
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
m
usic
ha
rd
Mon
ica
New
ton
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries
Sec
tor S
copi
ng
City
of
Joha
nnes
burg
: E
cono
mic
D
evel
opm
ent U
nit
Joha
nnes
burg
Film
In
cuba
tor,
Joha
nnes
burg
P
erfo
rmin
g A
rts
Incu
bato
r, an
d Jo
hann
esbu
rg M
usic
M
arke
t
So
uth
A
fric
a
2005
C
ross
-cut
ting
soft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
230
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Van
Gra
an, M
ike
Cul
tura
l Ind
ustri
es,
arts
, cul
ture
and
cr
eativ
e ar
ts:
Tow
ards
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
curr
ent n
atur
e an
d sc
ope
of th
e cr
eativ
e in
dust
ries
in th
e w
este
rn c
ape
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STG
RO
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th
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ica
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2005
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ross
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ww
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apeg
atew
ay.g
ov.z
a/ot
her/2
005/
11/fi
nal_
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_pa
per_
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C
Par
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edia
B
riefin
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lust
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DA
C
Brie
fing
for
parli
amen
t S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2006
po
licy
inte
rnet
ht
tp://
ww
w.d
ac.g
ov.z
a/m
edia
_rel
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/10G
eb06
.htm
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P
ropo
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Stra
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ende
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hare
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row
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ende
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the
Acc
eler
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hare
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row
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Imita
tive
(AS
GI-S
A)
So
uth
A
fric
a
2006
C
ross
-cut
ting
inte
rnet
ht
tp://
ww
w.th
edti.
gov.
za/s
aw
en/A
SG
ISA
PR
OP
OS
ED
STR
ATE
GY
06.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
Eco
nom
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
231
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
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ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de F
orum
In
Sou
th A
frica
, cra
fts
revi
val b
oost
s ex
ports
In
tern
atio
nal T
rade
Fo
rum
In
terv
iew
with
Te
mbe
ka N
kam
ba-
van
Wyk
, Tal
king
B
eads
Aca
dem
y
So
uth
A
fric
a
2006
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ts a
nd c
rafts
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tern
et
http
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um.o
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s/fu
llsto
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hp/a
id/6
26/i
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val
Med
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onito
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Pro
ject
&
Ope
n R
esea
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His
ses
and
whi
stle
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A b
asel
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stud
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to
arts
cov
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Sou
th A
frica
n m
ass
med
ia
Med
ia m
onito
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proj
ect a
nd o
pen
rese
arch
Sou
th A
frica
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2006
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edia
S
oft,
wor
d
Ans
ell,
Gw
en, B
arna
rd, H
elen
an
d B
arna
rd, P
hilli
ppa
Fina
l Rep
ort o
n th
e M
icro
-eco
nom
ic
Dev
elop
men
t S
trate
gy fo
r the
M
usic
Indu
stry
in th
e W
este
rn C
ape
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
cono
mic
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Tour
ism
, Wes
tern
C
ape
Pro
vinc
ial
Gov
ernm
ent
Sou
th A
frica
S
ou
th
Afr
ica
2007
M
usic
ha
rd
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
232
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Cul
tura
l Obs
erva
tory
, Sou
th
Afri
ca
Film
: Ana
lysi
s ne
eded
to m
ake
polic
y de
cisi
ons
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry, S
outh
A
fric
a
Pre
pare
d by
How
ard
Thom
as a
s pa
rt of
a
broa
der
rese
arch
pr
ojec
t to
deve
lop
an
inte
ract
ive
web
site
on
the
crea
tive
indu
strie
s in
Sou
th
Afri
ca. N
umer
ous
inpu
ts w
ere
prov
ided
to
stim
ulat
e de
bate
on
the
best
way
to
colle
ct d
ata.
So
uth
A
fric
a
2007
Fi
lm
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.c
ultu
real
obse
rvat
ory.
org.
za/_
tv_a
na.h
tml
DA
C
Arts
and
Cul
ture
P
olic
y R
evie
w
DA
C
SA
gov
ernm
ent
revi
ew o
f pol
icy
So
uth
A
fric
a
2007
po
licy
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.d
ac.g
ov.z
a/pr
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olic
y%20
Rev
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/bac
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RE
W
proj
ect:
grow
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with
m
edia
edu
catio
n
UN
ES
CO
P
aper
pre
sent
ed a
t th
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ench
C
omm
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on fo
r U
NE
SC
O m
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pa
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ship
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Fren
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inis
try o
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the
Cou
ncil
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urop
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th
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entre
de
Con
fere
nces
In
tern
atin
ales
, Par
is,
Fran
ce
So
uth
A
fric
a
2007
m
usic
so
ft ht
tp://
ww
w.n
crf.o
rg.z
a/sa
-co
mm
unity
-rad
io-p
rese
nt-
pape
r-at
-une
sco-
med
ia-
educ
atio
n…
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
233
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Van
Gra
an, M
ike
Cul
tura
l Ind
ustri
es,
arts
, cul
ture
and
cr
eativ
e ar
ts: S
econ
d P
aper
: Pol
icy
reco
mm
enda
tions
an
d In
terv
entio
ns
WE
STG
RO
, Sou
th
Afr
ica
ME
DS
pro
cess
, W
este
rn C
ape
So
uth
A
fric
a
2007
C
ross
-cut
ting
soft
http
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ww
.hiv
os.n
l/eng
lish/
engl
ish/
arte
rial/b
ackg
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ater
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CA
J M
appp
-Set
a S
ecto
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Pla
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09/2
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pp-S
eta
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pp-S
eta
sect
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ou
th
Afr
ica
2008
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ross
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ound
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n M
akin
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Pol
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Fo
unda
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Con
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partn
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Sou
th A
frica
n C
oalit
ion
for C
ultu
ral
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Dep
artm
ent o
f Arts
an
d C
ultu
re, S
amro
H
ouse
So
uth
A
fric
a
2008
po
licy
http
://w
ww
.com
mon
wea
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ound
atio
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ploa
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eria
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wor
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liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
234
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
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soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Feen
stra
, Mar
iann
e M
usic
Qua
lific
atio
ns:
Are
mus
ic e
duca
tion
inst
itutio
ns/
qual
ifica
tions
re
spon
ding
to th
e ch
angi
ng a
nd
grow
ing
need
s of
the
mus
ic in
dust
ry?
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
So
uth
A
fric
a
2008
M
usic
ha
rd
Mas
okoa
ne, G
lenn
S
outh
Afri
can
Mus
ic
Hub
D
AC
, Sou
th A
frica
S
outh
Afri
ca
So
uth
A
fric
a
2008
M
usic
ha
rd
Mel
ando
witz
, Hug
h S
ampl
ing
Mus
ic
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
So
uth
A
fric
a
2008
M
usic
so
ft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
235
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
t P
urp
ose/
as
soci
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pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
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ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
SA
BC
M
usic
pol
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disc
ussi
on d
ocum
ent
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
So
uth
A
fric
a
2008
m
usic
so
ft
Wak
ashe
, T
Spe
ech
to M
oshi
to
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
So
uth
A
fric
a
2008
m
usic
ha
rd
CA
J P
rodu
cing
cre
ativ
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nten
t: sk
ills
and
econ
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cha
lleng
es
in th
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outh
Afri
can
Cre
ativ
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dust
ries
HS
RC
, Sou
th
Afr
ica
prep
ared
for t
he
HS
RC
in 2
007
So
uth
A
fric
a
2009
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ross
-cut
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hard
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ww
.hsr
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rg.z
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eria
l Net
wor
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Bib
liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
Eco
nom
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ca
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J, 2
009
P
age
236
of 2
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itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
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urp
ose/
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soci
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pro
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C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Artt
hrob
A
rtthr
ob:
Con
tem
pora
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rt in
S
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Afri
ca
Art
thro
b W
ebsi
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So
uth
A
fric
a
all
visu
al a
rt in
tern
et
http
://w
ww
.artt
hrob
.co.
za/
Van
Gra
an, M
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Mik
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Mik
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raan
W
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So
uth
A
fric
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all
Cro
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tern
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.mik
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Vis
ual A
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outh
A
frica
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AN
SA
V
AN
SA
W
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So
uth
A
fric
a
all
visu
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rt in
tern
et
http
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ww
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sa.c
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/res
ourc
es
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
237
of 2
92
Nam
e T
itle
C
omm
issi
onin
g A
gen
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urp
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as
soci
ated
pro
ject
C
ou
ntr
y Y
ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Bru
beck
, Dar
ius
Cen
tre fo
r Jaz
z an
d P
opul
ar M
usic
(C
JPM
) Uni
vers
ity o
f N
atal
Priv
ate
in C
ambr
idge
Jo
urna
ls
So
uth
A
fric
a
C
ross
-cut
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not f
ound
ht
tp://
jour
nals
.cam
brid
ge.o
rg
Gos
tner
, Kar
l (Y
FM)
The
Sou
th A
frica
n M
usic
Indu
stry
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AB
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2005
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ian
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Pre
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, Fes
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of t
he
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ount
ries
Tan
zan
ia
2007
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m
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Mat
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Web
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2003
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ross
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Bib
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ou
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Doc
um
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Web
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Mba
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G
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2008
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itle
C
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ou
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Doc
um
ent
Web
site
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lyn,
Joh
n E
nhan
cing
Mar
ketin
g S
kills
for A
rtis
ts a
nd
Arti
sans
ILO
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N IT
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onfe
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iona
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orks
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ILO
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tura
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loca
l str
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bia
20
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bia
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gen
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um
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Web
site
Mus
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a, G
loria
Za
mbi
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Z
amb
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2007
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amb
ia
2009
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ritag
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C
ou
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ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Nw
auch
e, E
.S.
Inte
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ual P
rope
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Rig
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Cou
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: Opt
ions
For
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aper
pre
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2003
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ww
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.org
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3422
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Cou
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g B
ritis
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ounc
il P
repa
red
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Brit
ish
Cou
ncil
Zim
bab
we
2005
C
ross
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Har
d
Hun
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mon
Nya
sha
Nar
rativ
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gy: 5
0 ye
ars
of
film
mak
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in
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Priv
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in M
edia
, cul
ture
and
so
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ol 2
7, n
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83
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Zim
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we
2005
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m
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List
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Nam
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C
oun
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Dat
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ear
Sec
tor
Doc
um
ent
Web
site
Joffe
, Avr
il &
Nts
hilin
ga-
Kho
sa,
Ros
elin
e &
Wal
ters
, Le
e
Title
: The
Adv
ertis
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Indu
stry
’s s
kill
need
s C
omm
issi
onin
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rty: N
tshi
ngila
-K
hosa
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A
ssoc
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Ass
ocia
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proj
ect:
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PP
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Ski
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Pla
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Sou
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fric
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ate:
Jul
y 20
04
2004
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soft
Laba
llo, Y
olis
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maz
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Title
: Fea
sibi
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Stu
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Sou
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Afri
can
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sect
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Com
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sion
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party
: Dep
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unic
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S
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Afr
ica
Dat
e: M
arch
20
04
2004
an
imat
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ha
rd
Nts
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ila-K
hosa
, Ros
elin
e Ti
tle: M
ultim
edia
A
nim
atio
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ub-
Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
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party
: Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
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Ass
ocia
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Ass
ocia
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proj
ect:
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PP
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S
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lls P
lan
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jul
y 20
04
2004
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ft
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lyn,
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N IT
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orks
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ent a
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tura
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tor i
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mbi
a; n
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nd
loca
l str
ateg
ies:
Zam
bia
2-4
Oct
ober
20
02
2002
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ts a
nd
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hard
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w.in
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Cre
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The
Trin
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2003
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03-J
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pr
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val b
oost
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ports
In
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Fo
rum
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terv
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van
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dem
y
Sou
th A
fric
a 06
-Oct
20
06
arts
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craf
ts
inte
rnet
ht
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Art
eria
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wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
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reat
ive
Eco
nom
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009
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age
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otsi
, Rut
h E
xpan
ding
the
book
tra
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cros
s A
frica
: a
stud
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cur
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ba
rrie
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po
tent
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Ass
ocia
tion
for t
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Dev
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men
t of
Edu
catio
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Ass
ocia
tion
for t
he
deve
lopm
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f E
duca
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in A
frica
, in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith
the
Afri
can
Pub
lishe
rs' N
etw
ork,
O
xfor
d, U
K
Afri
ca
1999
19
99
bo
oks
so
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tp://
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L224
6073
2M/E
xpa
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acro
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men
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DTI
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outh
A
fric
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hief
D
irect
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tom
ised
Sec
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Pro
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mes
Cus
tom
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Sec
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Pro
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mes
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of th
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TI.
Sou
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fric
a 05
-May
20
05
craf
t ha
rd/ i
nter
net
http
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pecr
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sign
.org
.za/
rese
arch
_fol
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/dti_
cust
.pd
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Dem
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, Abi
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reat
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Indu
strie
s:
the
unde
r-ut
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frica
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sour
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Cre
ativ
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fric
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ebsi
te
on C
reat
ive
Afri
ca
web
site
A
frica
20
08
2008
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oss
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gree
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P
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00
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ss
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eria
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wor
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Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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CA
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Moy
o, D
ixon
A
n A
ctio
n re
sear
ch
on S
mal
l Ent
erpr
ise
Dev
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men
t and
Jo
b C
reat
ion
in th
e C
ultu
ral S
ecto
r
ILO
Zam
bia
02-J
ul
2002
cr
oss
cu
ttin
g
hard
Khu
lisa
Man
agem
ent
Ser
vice
s an
d E
ve G
ray
and
Ass
ocia
tes
Qua
ntita
tive
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n fo
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pp-
Set
a S
ecto
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Pla
n (S
SP
)
Map
pp-S
eta
Map
pp-S
eta
sect
or
skill
s pl
an
Sou
th A
fric
a 3rd
Aug
ust
2004
20
04
cro
ss
cutt
ing
soft
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Cul
ture
, Gha
na
Nat
iona
l Con
fere
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on C
ultu
re a
nd
NE
PA
D
Nat
iona
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omm
issi
on o
n C
ultu
re
A
frica
18
/05/
2006
20
06
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ss
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acul
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andi
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mek
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iger
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obod
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can
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Afr
ican
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iger
ia
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ar
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oss
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hard
ht
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wor
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Bib
liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
Eco
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y in
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Kov
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Mat
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CP
A
Cre
ativ
e ec
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d po
verty
er
adic
atio
n in
Afri
ca:
prin
cipl
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nd
real
ities
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PA
Afri
ca
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pr-0
7 20
07
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ss
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wea
lth F
ound
atio
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uttin
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ultu
re F
irst:
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mon
wea
lth
pers
pect
ives
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cultu
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deve
lopm
ent
Com
mon
wea
lth
Foun
datio
n C
omm
onw
ealth
Fo
unda
tion
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elop
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ntrie
s 01
-Nov
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2008
cr
oss
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k
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ive
Sou
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frica
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AC
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roup
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fric
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ov-8
8 19
88
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ss-
cutt
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hard
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acs
t.gov
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s_cu
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/cul
tur
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ries
/inde
x.ht
m
Org
anis
atio
n of
Afri
can
Uni
ty/
UN
ES
CO
C
ultu
ral I
ndus
tries
for
deve
lopm
ent i
n A
frica
: Dak
ar P
lan
of
Act
ion
AU
/UN
ES
CO
Afri
ca
Jun-
92
1992
C
ross
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ttin
g
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
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ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
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CA
J, 2
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P
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SA
DC
S
outh
ern
Afri
can
Dev
elop
men
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omm
unity
Sec
tor o
f C
ultu
re a
nd
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trate
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SA
DC
SA
DC
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ay-9
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98
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ss-
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olin
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bado
u, M
oust
apha
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inis
tere
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de -
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gnos
tic d
u se
cteu
r de
la c
ultu
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eneg
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19
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1999
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ross
-cu
ttin
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Har
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iden
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Jab
ulan
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ultu
re c
an p
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tegr
atio
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Afri
ca
15-D
ec-0
0 20
00
Cro
ss-
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hard
ht
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w.s
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anf/2
000/
Iss
23/N
f2.h
tml
UN
ES
CO
R
egio
nal c
onsu
ltatio
n on
cul
tura
l ind
ustri
es
in A
frica
UN
ES
CO
C
oton
ou
Afri
ca
5-8
th
Sep
tem
ber
2000
2000
C
ross
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ttin
g
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
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he C
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ive
Eco
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J, 2
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UN
ES
CO
R
egio
nal F
orum
on
cultu
ral i
ndus
trie
s in
A
frica
UN
ES
CO
O
rgan
ised
by
Bre
da
at A
BO
ME
Y, B
enin
A
frica
4t
h -
9th
Sep
tem
ber
2000
2000
C
ross
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ttin
g
hard
ht
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ww
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kar.u
nesc
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n_0
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tlur
e.sh
tml
Tshi
kuku
, Kab
eya
Cul
ture
, E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
and
Dev
elop
men
t in
Afri
ca
CR
DI/I
DR
C,
UN
ES
CO
P
aper
pre
sent
ed to
th
e In
tern
atio
nal
Con
fere
nce
on th
e C
ultu
ral A
ppro
ach
to
Dev
elop
men
t in
Afri
ca, S
eneg
al b
y P
rof T
shik
uku
from
In
stitu
t de
Rec
herc
hes
Eco
nom
oniq
ues
et
Soc
iale
s (IR
ES
) U
nive
rsite
de
Kin
shas
a
Afri
ca
10-1
4 D
ecem
ber
2001
2001
C
ross
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ttin
g
http
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pan1
.un
.org
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doc/
grou
ps/p
ubl
ic/d
ocum
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/id
ep/u
npan
0033
49.p
df
Rep
ublic
of B
otsw
ana
Nat
iona
l Pol
icy
on
Cul
ture
R
epub
lic o
f B
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ana
Pol
icy
Bot
swan
a 02
-Apr
20
02
Cro
ss-
cutt
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http
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s/na
tio
nal_
polic
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Pag
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aldi
ne
The
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tura
l in
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ries
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deve
lopm
ent
AC
P
in T
he C
ourie
r AC
P-
EU
no
194
Sep
tem
ber -
O
ctob
er, 2
002
Dev
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ing
Cou
ntrie
s 20
02
2002
C
ross
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ttin
g
hard
ht
tp://
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uro
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u/de
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ublic
atin
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r/cou
rier1
94/
en/e
n-04
2-ni
Art
eria
l Net
wor
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Bib
liogr
aphy
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reat
ive
Eco
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J, 2
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The
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uctio
n of
cu
lture
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ards
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crea
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regi
on
ILO
P
rese
ntat
ion
to IN
CD
S
AD
C
2002
20
02
Cro
ss-
cutt
ing
Har
d w
ww
.incd
.net
/Med
ia/IL
OP
res
enta
tion.
ppt
Unk
now
n A
sur
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of re
sear
ch
outp
uts
for t
he S
outh
A
frica
n M
usic
, Cra
ft,
Film
and
Tel
evis
ion
and
publ
ishi
ng
sect
ors
betw
een
1997
and
200
2
HS
RC
Cul
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bser
vato
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HS
RC
Cul
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vato
ry
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
02
2002
C
ross
-cu
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Wor
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ww
.cul
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akar
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Pro
mot
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CP
C
ultu
res
and
Cul
tura
l In
dust
ries
AC
P
A
CP
20
-Jun
-03
2003
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ross
-cu
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g
hard
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cp83
0060
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_Dec
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roup
P
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Cul
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dust
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Reg
iona
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the
field
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the
mai
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Tech
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Min
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11
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P
18-J
un-0
3 20
03
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ss-
cutt
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eria
l Net
wor
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Bib
liogr
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reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
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CA
J, 2
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P
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Bre
reto
n, K
ira
Gui
de to
Pan
-Afri
can
cultu
ral m
arke
ts,
prof
essi
onal
net
wor
ks
and
rese
arch
re
sour
ces
Afr
ican
M
arke
tpla
ce In
c,
Cul
tura
l E
ngin
eerin
g, In
c.
Afri
can
Mar
ketp
lace
In
c, C
ultu
ral
Eng
inee
ring,
Inc.
Afri
ca
May
, 200
3 20
03
Cro
ss-
cutt
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inte
rnet
ht
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ultu
rale
ngin
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com
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P_
CE
%20
GU
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Koz
ul-W
right
, Zel
jka
Glo
baliz
atio
n ,
crea
tive
indu
strie
s an
d ec
onom
y de
velo
pmen
t: po
licy
chal
leng
es fo
r D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
UN
CTA
D
Unc
tad
and
UN
pa
rtner
s D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
June
4,
2003
20
03
Cro
ss-
cutt
ing
hard
Avr
il Jo
ffe, C
AJ
Mea
surin
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ultu
re –
de
velo
pmen
ts
glob
ally
to in
form
w
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loca
lly
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C
Est
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hmen
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Cul
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DA
C
Sou
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-Feb
20
03
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ustri
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Team
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ultu
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tries
S
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este
rn C
ape
Gov
ernm
ent
Inpu
t pap
er in
to
Mic
ro-e
cono
mic
S
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W
este
rn C
ape
Sou
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fric
a 20
03
2003
C
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ttin
g
Wor
d ht
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za/c
ult
ural
Art
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l Net
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e W
este
rn C
ape
The
Gra
duat
e S
choo
l of B
usin
ess,
U
nive
rsity
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ape
Tow
n
MB
A P
rogr
amm
e S
tudy
S
outh
Afr
ica
03-N
ov
2003
C
ross
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ttin
g
Pap
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ww
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inda
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om
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/Dri
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Oue
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friqu
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Ban
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of
Ivor
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, Sen
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an
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ali
Oue
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friqu
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cono
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03
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frica
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M. F
ranc
isco
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lmei
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me
Mar
ie L
ise
Alle
man
,
Les
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s cu
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lles
des
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du
Sud
: en
jeux
du
proj
et d
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nven
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inte
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le s
ur la
di
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ultu
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et
dév
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pem
ent
Afri
ca
04-A
ug
2004
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ross
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UN
CTA
D
Cre
ativ
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NC
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ssio
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Sao
Pau
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3-18
Ju
ne 2
004
Dev
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Cou
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CTA
D
Hig
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vel p
anel
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Cou
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Ben
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frica
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fric
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2005
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05
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20
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20
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Van
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Cul
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cr
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fric
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nion
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Mem
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gani
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on
The
Pro
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Adv
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men
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frica
06
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Sec
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al, 5
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07
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06-O
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Inte
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l Int
elle
ctua
l P
rope
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Bot
swan
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fo
cuse
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trie
s
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Run
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IIPI
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swan
a 20
06
2006
C
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ttin
g
inte
rnet
ht
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P
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sed
Stra
tegy
on
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ende
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the
Acc
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ated
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S
hare
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row
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tive
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GI-S
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DA
C
Sou
th A
frica
's
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on
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ende
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the
Acc
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and
S
hare
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row
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(AS
GI-S
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Sou
th A
fric
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06
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ss-
cutt
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inte
rnet
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tp://
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aw
en/A
SG
ISA
PR
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OS
ED
STR
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GY
06.
Arte
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onfe
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rteria
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onfe
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Vita
lisin
g A
frica
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ltura
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
k C
onfe
renc
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epor
t A
frica
5-
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arch
20
07
2007
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ross
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ttin
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ces
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s/ar
teri
al_c
onfe
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port_
en.
Bric
khill
, Pau
l E
cono
mic
su
stai
nabi
lity
in
Afri
can
Cul
ture
S
ecto
r
Pre
sent
ed a
t the
A
rter
ial N
etw
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conf
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ce,
'Rev
italis
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Afr
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s as
sets
'.
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etw
ork
Afri
ca
2007
20
07
Cro
ss-
cutt
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
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Eco
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J, 2
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Guc
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ande
r C
ultu
re -
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lture
? A
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etw
ork
Arte
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ews
Vol
2 N
o 2
Afri
ca
07-M
ar
2007
C
ross
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ttin
g
Mbe
we,
Neb
at
Sta
rt sm
all,
thin
k bi
g A
rteria
l Net
wor
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l New
s V
ol 2
no
4
Afri
ca
07-M
ar
2007
C
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Per
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tra
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l in
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U
nive
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Urb
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Cha
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Afri
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Cro
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kint
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t m
ovem
ent f
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rts,
ente
rtain
men
t
Priv
ate
Nig
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n Tr
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e N
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Tues
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Ain
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st
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iger
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07-M
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C
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Van
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Cul
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arts
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aper
: Pol
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WE
STG
RO
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DS
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este
rn C
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th A
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07
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ross
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ttin
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vos.
nl/e
nglis
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nglis
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teri
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ackg
roun
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ater
ials
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can
Uni
on
Con
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Not
e A
frica
n U
nion
Th
e S
econ
d S
essi
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U C
onfe
renc
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MC
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UN
ES
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C
ultu
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leve
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pmen
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ES
CO
M
eetin
g D
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ultu
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gh, D
iana
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ozul
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eljk
a, (e
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C
reat
ive
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strie
s an
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co
untri
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nom
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CTA
D
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tledg
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opin
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ount
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2008
20
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D
Hig
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-15
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2008
.
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Janu
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2008
2008
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ross
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Dev
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Cou
ntrie
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08
2008
C
ross
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for t
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Eco
nom
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J M
appp
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a S
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kills
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or
skill
s pl
an p
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outh
Afr
ica
2008
20
08
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ss-
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hard
CA
J P
rodu
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cre
ativ
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nten
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ills
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econ
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cha
lleng
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in th
e S
outh
Afri
can
Cre
ativ
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ries
HS
RC
, Sou
th
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007
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raan
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raan
W
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fric
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ario
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all
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ss-
cutt
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inte
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.co.
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cent
-ar
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org.
za/2
007
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
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CA
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Bru
beck
, Dar
ius
Cen
tre fo
r Jaz
z an
d P
opul
ar M
usic
(C
JPM
) Uni
vers
ity o
f N
atal
Priv
ate
in C
ambr
idge
Jo
urna
ls
Sou
th A
fric
a
C
ross
-cu
ttin
g
not f
ound
ht
tp://
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nals
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brid
ge.o
rg
Joffe
, A e
t al
Cul
tura
l Div
ersi
ty a
nd
the
impa
ct o
f gl
obal
izat
ion
HS
RC
, Sou
th
Afr
ica
Pap
er p
repa
red
for
the
DA
C, S
outh
A
frica
(via
the
HS
RC
) as
a p
ositi
on
pape
r for
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s fo
r the
In
tern
atio
nal N
etw
ork
on C
ultu
ral P
olic
y
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s 20
03
2003
cu
ltu
ral
div
ersi
ty
soft
http
://w
ww
.incp
-rip
c.or
g
Cul
tura
l Ind
ustri
es S
uppo
rt P
roje
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ISP
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atab
ase
for C
ultu
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Initi
ativ
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Gha
na:
cultu
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ndus
trie
s/
ente
rpris
e
Cul
tura
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ustri
es
Sup
port
Pro
ject
Gha
na
2008
20
08
dat
abas
es
hard
ht
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Title
: Des
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Sub
-S
ecto
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omm
issi
onin
g pa
rty: N
tshi
ngila
-K
hosa
and
A
ssoc
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s
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
Ski
lls
Pla
n
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jul
y 20
04
2004
D
esig
n
soft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
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©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
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Dig
iArts
, UN
ES
CO
W
hat i
s D
igita
l Arts
in
Afri
ca?
UN
ES
CO
U
NE
SC
O
Kno
wle
dge
Por
tal
Afri
ca
2005
20
05
dig
ital
art
s no
t fou
nd
http
://po
rtal.u
nesc
o.or
g/cu
ltu
re/e
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=243
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Bol
nick
, Ste
ven
The
Eth
no-to
uris
m
indu
stry
: pro
mot
ing
the
cultu
ral s
ecto
r th
roug
h jo
b cr
eatio
n an
d sm
all e
nter
pris
e de
velo
pmen
t in
the
SA
DC
cou
ntrie
s
ILO
P
rom
otin
g cu
lture
th
roug
h jo
b cr
eatio
n an
d sm
all b
usin
ess
deve
lopm
ent i
n S
AD
C c
ount
ries
publ
ishe
d in
the
serie
s on
Upg
radi
ng
in s
mal
l ent
erpr
ise
clus
ters
and
Glo
bal
valu
e C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
2003
E
thn
o-
tou
rism
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.il
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rg/d
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m, M
bye
The
Dyn
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s of
A
frica
n Fi
lmm
akin
g U
NE
SC
O
UN
ES
CO
's W
orld
C
ultu
re R
epor
t 200
0:
Cul
tura
l div
ersi
ty,
conf
lict a
nd p
lura
lism
Afri
ca
20
00
film
ha
rd
Nat
iona
l Film
and
Vid
eo
Foun
datio
n Ti
tle: E
urop
ean
Uni
on
Sou
th A
frica
Film
S
ympo
sium
Com
mis
sion
ing
Par
ty: N
atio
nal F
ilm
and
Vid
eo
Foun
datio
n
S
outh
Afr
ica
Dat
e:
Nov
embe
r 20
00
2000
fi
lm
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
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Pric
eWat
erho
useC
oope
rs
Title
: Pro
file
2000
C
omm
issi
onin
g P
arty
: Dep
artm
ent
of A
rts a
nd C
ultu
re
(DA
C)
S
outh
Afr
ica
Dat
e: 2
000
2000
fi
lm
hard
Spe
cial
cor
resp
onde
nt, L
agos
A
mov
ie in
dust
ry in
se
arch
of i
nves
tors
A
ll A
frica
.com
al
lafri
ca.c
om
Nig
eria
Ju
ne 1
9,
2001
20
01
Film
ha
rd
http
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lafri
ca.c
om/s
torie
s/20
0106
1900
23.
htm
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Joffe
, A a
nd J
ackl
in, N
Th
e fil
m a
nd v
ideo
in
dust
ry: p
rom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l sec
tor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l ent
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ise
deve
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ent i
n th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
Fo
r the
ser
ies
on
Upg
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ng in
sm
all
ente
rpris
e cl
uste
rs
and
Glo
bal v
alue
C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
2003
fi
lm
Har
d ht
tp://
ww
w.il
o.o
rg/d
yn/e
mp
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mpe
nt.P
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=E
N&
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P
Var
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Th
e N
iger
ian
Film
In
dust
ry
Afr
ica
Upd
ate
New
slet
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Afri
ca U
pdat
e V
ol.X
1, Is
sue
2 (S
prin
g 20
04)
Nig
eria
S
prin
g 20
04
2004
fi
lm
inte
rnet
ht
tp://
ww
w.c
csu
.edu
/afs
tud
y/up
d11-
2.ht
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Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
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Joffe
, A w
ith re
sear
ch in
put
from
Abd
oul S
ow
Em
ploy
men
t ge
nera
tion
and
Trad
e E
xpan
sion
in
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries:
th
e ca
se o
f the
film
, vi
deo
and
broa
dcas
t in
dust
ry in
Sen
egal
ILO
P
repa
red
for t
he IL
O
Sen
egal
Ja
nuar
y 30
th 2
004
2004
fi
lm
hard
Joffe
, Avr
il (C
AJ)
T
itle:
Film
and
Vid
eo
Sec
tor
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: MA
PP
P-
SE
TA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jul
y 20
04
2004
fi
lm
soft
Joffe
, Avr
il an
d M
oatlh
odi,
Zodw
a Ti
tle: T
V a
nd R
adio
B
road
cast
ing
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: MA
PP
P-
SE
TA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jul
y 20
04
2004
F
ilm
soft
Artm
atte
rs
Uga
nda-
base
d in
itiat
ive
to p
rom
ote
Afri
can
and
Asi
an
film
mak
ing
Art
Mat
ters
P
ostin
g U
gand
a un
know
n 20
04
film
ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.art
mat
ters
.info
/m
ira.h
tm
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
270
of 2
92
The
Glo
bal A
llian
ce fo
r C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
In
terv
iew
with
Gas
ton
Kab
ore
UN
ES
CO
U
NE
SC
O
Afri
ca
acce
ssed
20
05/1
1/10
20
05
film
ha
rd
http
://po
rtal.u
nesc
o/or
g/cu
ltu
re/e
n/ev
/ph
p- UR
L_ID
=269
89U
RL_
DO
=D
O_T
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&
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Arts
mat
ters
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E
ast A
frica
in a
fre
nzy
of F
ilm
Fest
ival
s
Art
Mat
ters
Eas
t Afri
ca
unkn
own
2005
fi
lm
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.a
rtm
atte
rs.in
fo/fr
enzy
.htm
Artm
atte
rs
Col
onis
atio
n of
K
enya
n sc
reen
s ki
lls
film
mak
ers,
driv
es
othe
rs in
to e
xile
Art
Mat
ters
N
ews
Ken
ya
unkn
own
2005
fi
lm
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w/a
rtm
atte
rs.in
fo/fi
lm/c
olon
isat
ion.
htm
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tra
de a
nd
Indu
stry
(DT
I) (J
ane
Cor
den
and
Ric
hard
Phi
llips
)
‘Bey
ond
Pla
nnin
g to
A
ctio
n’: F
ilm a
nd T
V
Sec
tor D
evel
opm
ent
Stra
tegy
DT
I: T
rade
and
In
vest
men
t Sou
th
Afr
ica;
Chi
ef
Dire
ctor
ate:
C
usto
mis
ed S
ecto
r P
rogr
amm
es
Cus
tom
ised
Sec
tor
Pro
gram
mes
(CS
P)
of th
e D
TI.
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jun
e 20
05
2005
fi
lm
hard
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
271
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92
Hun
gwe,
Ked
mon
Nya
sha
Nar
rativ
e an
d id
eolo
gy: 5
0 ye
ars
of
film
mak
ing
in
Zim
babw
e
Priv
ate
in M
edia
, cul
ture
and
so
ciet
y, V
ol 2
7, n
o 1,
83
-99
Zim
babw
e 20
05
2005
fi
lm
hard
ht
tp://
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.sa
gepu
b.co
m/c
gi/c
onte
nt/a
bst
ract
/27/
1/83
Mbe
we,
Neb
at
Afri
can
Film
Indu
stry
ne
eds
Bet
ter
Trai
ning
to
Sur
vive
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k A
rteria
l New
s V
ol 1
N
o 1
Afri
ca
07-M
ar
2007
fi
lm
Art
mat
ters
K
enya
ns m
ake
low
bu
dget
film
s A
rt M
atte
rs
K
enya
un
know
n 20
07
Film
so
ft ht
tp://
artm
atte
rs.in
fo/fi
lm3.
htm
Artm
atte
rs
Nig
eria
ns m
arke
t th
eir c
ount
ry th
roug
h fil
m
Art
Mat
ters
Nig
eria
un
know
n 20
07
film
in
tern
et
http
://w
ww
.art
mat
ters
.info
/nig
eria
1.ht
m
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
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©
CA
J, 2
009
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Cul
tura
l Obs
erva
tory
, Sou
th
Afri
ca
Film
: Ana
lysi
s ne
eded
to m
ake
polic
y de
cisi
ons
Cul
tura
l O
bser
vato
ry, S
outh
A
fric
a
Pre
pare
d by
How
ard
Thom
as a
s pa
rt of
a
broa
der
rese
arch
pr
ojec
t to
deve
lop
an
inte
ract
ive
web
site
on
the
crea
tive
indu
strie
s in
Sou
th
Afri
ca. N
umer
ous
inpu
ts w
ere
prov
ided
to
stim
ulat
e de
bate
on
the
best
way
to
colle
ct d
ata.
Sou
th A
fric
a ac
cess
ed
23/0
5/07
20
07
Film
ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.cu
lture
alob
serv
ator
y.or
g.za
/_tv
_ana
.htm
l
Mth
ando
, Mar
tin a
nd K
ipej
a,
Laur
ian
The
Tanz
ania
n Fi
lm
Val
ue C
hain
Stu
dy
Rep
ort
Zanz
ibar
In
tern
atio
nal F
ilm
Fest
ival
(ZIF
F)
Pre
pare
d fro
the
ZIFF
, Fes
tival
of t
he
Dho
w C
ount
ries
Tanz
ania
07
-Oct
20
07
film
pd
f ht
tp://
ww
w.z
iff.o
r.tz/
soko
fila
m.h
tm
Ain
a, Y
etun
de
Rei
nven
ting
Nol
lyw
ood:
the
role
of
the
maf
ia in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
N
iger
ian
Film
In
dust
ry
Priv
ate
Cre
ativ
e C
lust
ers
2008
, Lon
don,
UK
N
iger
ia
08-N
ov
2008
fi
lm
ppt
Ond
ega,
Ogo
va
The
Afri
can
Cin
ema
does
n’t e
xist
Th
e P
ower
of
Cul
ture
Web
site
A
frica
A
frica
09
-Feb
20
09
film
ht
ml
http
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ww
.po
wer
ofcu
lture
.nl
/en/
curr
ent/
2009
/febr
uary
/fesp
aco
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
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Tran
sAfri
ca F
orum
A
frica
n C
inem
a T
rans
Afr
ica
Foru
m
Issu
e br
ief
Afri
ca
unkn
own
fi
lm
hard
w
ww
.tran
safri
cafo
rum
.org
Kun
zler
, D
The
Nig
eria
n vi
deo
indu
stry
as
an
exam
ple
of im
port
subs
titut
ion
Nig
eria
un
know
n
film
pd
f w
ww
.suz
.uni
zh.
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henz
ler
/gre
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stab
lishm
ent o
f the
S
AD
C C
ultu
re T
rust
Fu
nd
SA
DC
SA
DC
30
Apr
il - 5
M
ay 2
001
2001
fu
nd
ing
an
d
spo
nso
rsh
ip
hard
BM
I-Spo
rt In
fo
The
Adu
lt A
rts a
nd
Cul
ture
and
Arts
and
C
ultu
re S
pons
orsh
ip
Mar
ket i
n S
outh
A
frica
Bus
ines
s A
rts
Sou
th A
frica
(B
AS
A),
the
Nat
iona
l Arts
C
ounc
il of
Sou
th
Afr
ica
(NA
C)
and
the
Arts
and
C
ultu
re T
rust
(AC
T)
S
outh
Afr
ica
01-O
ct
2001
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nd
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spo
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hard
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asa
.co.
za/p
dfs/
1MU
SIC
final
.pd
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Art
eria
l Net
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k’s
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aphy
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ive
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009
P
age
274
of 2
92
Nts
hilin
ga-K
hosa
, Ros
elin
e an
d Jo
ffe, A
vril
Title
: Fun
ding
for t
he
Cre
ativ
e In
dust
ries;
Fi
lm a
nd E
lect
roni
c M
edia
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: Nts
hing
ila-
Kho
sa a
nd
Ass
ocia
tes
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jul
y 20
04
2004
fu
nd
ing
an
d
spo
nso
rsh
ip
soft
Ow
oo, J
ohn
Dis
burs
emen
t of
dono
r fun
ds -
Shi
ning
ex
ampl
e fro
m Z
ambi
a
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k A
rteria
l New
s V
ol 2
N
o 5
Zam
bia
07-M
ar
2007
fu
nd
ing
an
d
spo
nso
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ip
http
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ww
.dc
cd.d
k/dc
cd/c
ku.
nsf/i
mag
es/
sena
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hinn
ing+
exa
mpl
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m+z
ambi
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+jo
hn+o
woo
Har
riet D
eaco
n, S
epha
i M
ngqo
lo a
nd S
andr
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rosa
lend
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‘Pro
tect
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our
cultu
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apita
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re
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lan
for t
he
Her
itage
Sec
tor
Soc
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and
Inte
grat
ion
Res
earc
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rogr
amm
e
Cul
tura
l Obs
erva
tory
at
the
HR
SC
co
mm
issi
oned
by
DA
C.
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
03
2003
h
erit
age
hard
ht
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ww
w.h
src
pres
s.ac
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fo.a
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Guh
rs, T
amar
a, D
'elb
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Fran
cois
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Kap
wep
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M
ulen
ga
Cer
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y!
Cel
ebra
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Zam
bia'
s C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge
Cel
tel Z
ambi
a an
d S
eka
(Sen
sitis
atio
n an
d E
duca
tion
thro
ugh
Kun
da
Art
s)
Za
mbi
a 20
09
2009
h
erit
age
book
ht
tp://
ww
w.s
eka
-ed
ucat
iona
l-th
eatre
.com
/cer
emon
y-bo
ok.h
tm
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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ive
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nom
y in
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009
P
age
275
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92
Ald
en, C
hris
Fo
r mos
t Afri
cans
, In
tern
et a
cces
s is
lit
tle m
ore
than
a p
ipe
drea
m
Onl
ine
Jour
nalis
m
Rev
iew
O
nlin
e Jo
urna
lism
R
evie
w
Afri
ca
2004
20
04
ICT
so
ft ht
tp://
ww
w.o
jr.o
rg/o
jr/w
orkp
lace
/107
1092
68.p
hp
Par
liam
enta
ry o
ffice
on
scie
nce
and
tech
nolo
gy
ICT
in D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
P
ostn
ote
No
261
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s 06
-Mar
20
06
ICT
pd
f w
ww
.par
liam
ent.u
k/pa
rlia
men
tary
_offi
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gand
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ust,
11
2006
20
06
ICT
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rd
http
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ug/u
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Mus
hing
a, G
loria
Za
mbi
a's
ICT
polic
y fin
ally
laun
ched
Za
mbi
a 20
07
2007
IC
T
hard
ht
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ww
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.net
/con
trib
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s/20
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04/z
ambi
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_ict
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fina
lly_l
a.ht
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eria
l Net
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ive
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009
P
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276
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92
Nig
eria
n go
vern
men
t N
atio
nal I
nfor
mat
ion
Tech
nolo
gy P
olic
y,
"Use
It":
Cha
pter
11:
A
rts, C
ultu
re a
nd
Tour
ism
Nig
eria
n G
over
nmen
t
Nig
eria
IC
T
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.n
itda
.gov
.ng/
docu
men
t/nig
eri
aitp
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y.pd
f
OC
PA
C
ultu
ral I
ndic
ator
s:
Vie
ws
from
Afri
ca
OC
PA
D
rafte
d by
the
Task
Fo
rce
on C
ultu
ral
Indi
cato
rs o
f Hum
an
Dev
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men
t in
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ca fo
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gres
s of
Cul
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ight
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d H
uman
de
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pmen
t und
er
the
ausp
ices
of t
he
Foru
m B
arce
lona
, M
ozam
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Afri
ca
Mar
ch/
Aug
ust
2004
2004
in
dic
ato
rs
&
mea
sure
men
t
hard
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Dra
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up b
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caw
a / C
acao
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Sec
reta
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f the
A
CP
AC
P
2006
20
06
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icat
ors
&
m
easu
rem
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soft/
ht
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cpf
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eu/fi
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onde
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C
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: Th
e S
earc
h fo
r In
dica
tors
OC
PA
and
In
tera
rts,
Inte
rnat
iona
l N
etw
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for
Cul
tura
l Div
ersi
ty
Uni
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ity o
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P
rese
nted
at t
he
INC
D m
eetin
g in
C
ape
Tow
n, A
utho
r fro
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nive
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of
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Bot
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02, 2
006
2006
in
dic
ato
rs
&
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sure
men
t
wor
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.irm
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uto2
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nal_
Rep
ort-
en.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
277
of 2
92
Cre
ateS
A
Nat
iona
l Ski
lls a
nd
Res
ourc
es A
udit
2003
Cre
ateS
A
Cre
ateS
A
Sou
th A
fric
a 27
-Nov
-03
2003
in
dic
ato
rs
and
m
easu
rem
ent
hard
Har
oon
Bho
rat a
nd M
ei-C
hi
Liou
“T
he E
cono
mic
s of
C
ultu
re a
nd C
ultu
ral
Sta
tistic
s in
Sou
th
Afri
ca”
Dev
elop
men
t P
olic
y R
esea
rch
Uni
t, U
nive
rsity
of
Cap
e T
own
HS
RC
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tura
l O
bser
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ry
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
03
2003
in
dic
ato
rs
and
m
easu
rem
ent
wor
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ww
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tura
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serv
ator
y.o
rg.z
a/pd
f_fil
es/
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cul
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karo
ngo,
Bria
n C
heng
ela
Cou
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repo
rt o
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e st
atus
of c
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an
d ne
ighb
ourin
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hts
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ambi
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WIP
O
Pre
sent
ed a
t WIP
O
sym
posi
um,
Lilo
ngw
e, M
alaw
i
Zam
bia
17-1
9 Ju
ly
2002
20
02
Inte
llect
ual
p
rop
erty
ri
gh
ts
not f
ound
w
ww
.wip
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t/ed
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ased
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strie
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N
amib
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Nov
embe
r 15
-17,
200
6 20
06
Inte
llect
ual
p
rop
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ri
gh
ts
hard
ht
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pi.o
rg/C
onfe
ren
ces/
Nam
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_IP
_Con
fere
nce/
Age
nda.
asp
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ive
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009
P
age
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92
Free
dthi
nker
s D
evel
opin
g A
udie
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for J
obur
g Li
ve A
rts
City
of J
obur
g
Sou
th A
fric
a 05
-Jun
20
05
live
arts
ha
rd
Med
ia M
onito
ring
Pro
ject
&
Ope
n R
esea
rch
His
ses
and
whi
stle
s':
A b
asel
ine
stud
y in
to
arts
cov
erag
e in
the
Sou
th A
frica
n m
ass
med
ia
Med
ia m
onito
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proj
ect a
nd o
pen
rese
arch
Sou
th A
frica
S
outh
Afr
ica
06-M
ar
2006
m
edia
S
oft,
wor
d
SA
DC
/UN
CTA
D J
oint
Pro
ject
D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
beco
min
g a
glob
al
play
er: O
ppor
tuni
ties
in th
e m
usic
indu
stry
SA
DC
D
ocum
ent p
repa
red
for t
he IX
Ses
sion
of
Min
iste
rs o
f Cul
ture
, In
form
atio
n an
d S
ports
(S
AD
C)
SA
DC
15
th M
ay
2000
20
00
mu
sic
soft
Sel
igm
an, G
Lo
cal r
eper
toire
hits
ne
w h
eigh
ts to
do
min
ate
wor
ld m
usic
m
arke
t in
Afri
can
Mus
ic In
dust
ry
Wor
ld B
ank
Pap
er p
rese
nted
at
the
wor
ksho
p on
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
m
usic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca, W
orld
Ban
k an
d P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre, I
nc,
Was
hing
ton,
DC
Afri
ca
June
20-
21
June
200
1 20
01
mu
sic
wor
d, in
tern
et
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldb
ank.
org/
intc
eer
d/re
sour
ces
/cw
i_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
afric
a_sy
nops
is.p
df
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
279
of 2
92
Sel
igm
an, G
eorg
e Th
e M
arke
t for
A
frica
n M
usic
W
orld
Ban
k W
orks
hop
on th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
he
mus
ic in
dust
ry in
A
frica
, spo
nsor
ed b
y th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d th
e P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre, I
nc,
Was
hing
ton,
DC
Afri
ca
June
20-
21.
2001
20
01
mu
sic
wor
d, in
tern
et
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldb
ank.
org/
intc
eer
d/re
sour
ces
/cw
i_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
afric
a_sy
nops
is.p
df
Sen
. Am
arty
a W
hat's
the
use
of
mus
ic?
The
role
of
the
mus
ic in
dust
ry in
A
frica
Wor
ld B
ank
Wor
ksho
p on
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
m
usic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca, s
pons
ored
by
the
Wor
ld B
ank
and
the
Pol
icy
Sci
ence
s C
entre
, Inc
, W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C
Afri
ca
June
20-
21.
2001
20
01
mu
sic
wor
d, in
tern
et
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldb
ank.
org/
intc
eer
d/re
sour
ces
/cw
i_m
usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
afric
a_sy
nops
is.p
df
Stru
mpf
, Mitc
hel
Info
rmal
mus
ic
train
ing
in e
arly
ch
ildho
od m
usic
al
deve
lopm
ent
UN
ES
CO
P
aper
pre
sent
ed a
t th
e A
frica
n R
egio
nal
Arts
Edu
catio
n C
onfe
renc
e in
por
t E
lizab
eth,
Sou
th
Afri
ca
Afri
ca
24-3
0 Ju
ne
2001
20
01
mu
sic
hard
The
Dev
elop
men
t Res
earc
h G
roup
on
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de
Wor
ksho
p on
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
m
usic
indu
stry
in
Afri
ca
Wor
ld B
ank
Par
ticip
ants
incl
ude
Am
arty
a S
en, P
aul
Col
lier,
J M
icha
el
Fing
er, F
rank
Pen
na,
Dav
id S
arye
k,
Ger
ard
Sel
igm
an,
John
Col
lins,
C
oenr
aad
Vis
ser,
Jero
me
Rei
chm
an,
Phi
l Har
dy, S
cott
Bur
nett,
Kei
th
Mas
kus
Afri
ca
20-2
1 Ju
ne
2001
20
01
mu
sic
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldb
ank.
org/
INTC
EE
RD
/Res
ourc
es/C
WI_
mu
sic_
indu
stry
_in_
Afri
ca_s
ynop
sis.
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
280
of 2
92
Col
lins,
Joh
n M
usic
Aw
ards
200
1:
Mak
ing
Gha
naia
n m
usic
exp
orta
ble
M
usic
Aw
ards
200
1 P
aper
G
hana
20
01
2001
M
usi
c pd
f ht
tps:
//ww
w.s
cien
tific
-af
rican
.org
/sc
hola
rs/jc
ollin
s/c
ollin
s/fil
es/b
ib1
6/at
_dow
nloa
d,
Col
lins,
Joh
n Th
e G
hana
ian
expe
rienc
e W
orld
Ban
k W
orks
hop
on th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
he
mus
ic in
dust
ry in
A
frica
, spo
nsor
ed b
y th
e W
orld
Ban
k an
d th
e P
olic
y S
cien
ces
Cen
tre, I
nc,
Was
hing
ton,
DC
Gha
na
2001
20
01
Mu
sic
wor
d, in
tern
et
http
://si
tere
sour
ces.
wor
ldb
ank.
org/
intc
eer
d/re
sour
ces
/cw
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usic
_ind
ustry
_in_
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a_sy
nops
is.p
df
KP
MG
Ti
tle: T
he S
outh
A
frica
n M
usic
In
dust
ry
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: KP
MG
Med
ia
and
Ent
erta
inm
ent
S
outh
Afr
ica
Dat
e: 2
001
2001
m
usi
c ha
rd
http
://w
ww
.inf
o.go
v.za
/vie
w/D
ownl
oadF
ileA
ctio
n?id
=704
94
Am
bert,
Cec
ile
The
Mus
ic in
dust
ry :
prom
otin
g th
e cu
ltura
l se
ctor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l en
terp
rise
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
Fo
r the
ser
ies
on
Upg
radi
ng in
sm
all
ente
rpris
e cl
uste
rs
and
Glo
bal v
alue
C
hain
s, IL
O
SA
DC
20
03
2003
M
usi
c S
oft
http
://w
ww
.ilo
.org
/dyn
/em
pen
t/em
pent
.Por
tal?
p_la
ng=
EN
&p_
prog
=S
&p_
cate
gor
y=P
UB
&p_
mod
e=P
RO
D&
p_la
ng=E
N&
p_t
ype=
WP
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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ca
©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
281
of 2
92
Yire
d Th
e K
wai
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outh
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03
2003
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.za
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nter
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ca
04-J
un
2004
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usi
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ES
CO
Afri
ca
04-N
ov
2004
M
usi
c ha
rd
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
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tt, A
ndy
with
rese
arch
in
put f
rom
Bira
m N
'dec
k N
diay
e
The
Mus
ic In
dust
ry in
S
eneg
al: t
he p
oten
tial
for e
cono
my
deve
lopm
ent
UN
CTA
D
Rep
ort p
repa
red
for
UN
CTA
D
Sen
egal
11
-Mar
-04
2004
m
usi
c so
ft w
ww
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ac.u
k/co
llect
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es/p
ratt/
pdf/
sene
gal.p
df
Moa
tlhod
i, Z
odw
a T
itle:
The
Mus
ic
Indu
stry
C
omm
issi
onin
g P
arty
: MA
PP
P-
SE
TA
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
MA
PP
P-S
ETA
S
ecto
r Ski
lls P
lan
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jul
y 20
04
2004
M
usi
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hito
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onfe
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E
xhib
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tle: M
oshi
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rty: M
oshi
to
Mus
ic C
onfe
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ibiti
on
S
outh
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ica
Dat
e:
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uary
20
04
2004
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usi
c ha
rd
Tche
bwa,
M
Afri
can
mus
ic: n
ew
chal
leng
es, n
ew
voca
tions
UN
ES
CO
U
NE
SC
O
Afri
ca
2005
20
05
mu
sic
Boo
k w
ww
.une
sco.
org/
publ
ishi
ng
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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CA
J, 2
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P
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Ans
ell,
Gw
en
Sow
eto
Blu
es: J
azz,
po
pula
r mus
ic, a
nd
polit
ics
in S
outh
A
frica
Priv
ate
S
outh
Afr
ica
20
05
mu
sic
Boo
k
Le R
oux,
And
ré
Title
: Pro
posa
l for
an
Afri
can
Mus
ic m
arke
t C
omm
issi
onin
g P
arty
: Och
re
Com
mun
icat
ion
Ass
ocia
ted
proj
ect:
City
of J
obur
g E
cono
mic
D
evel
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ent U
nit’s
S
ecto
r Stra
tegi
es fo
r C
ultu
ral S
ecto
r
Sou
th A
fric
a D
ate:
Jul
y 20
05
2005
m
usi
c ha
rd
Ans
ell,
Gw
en, B
arna
rd, H
elen
an
d B
arna
rd, P
hilli
ppa
Fina
l Rep
ort o
n th
e M
icro
-eco
nom
ic
Dev
elop
men
t S
trate
gy fo
r the
M
usic
Indu
stry
in th
e W
este
rn C
ape
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
cono
mic
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Tour
ism
, Wes
tern
C
ape
Pro
vinc
ial
Gov
ernm
ent
Sou
th A
frica
S
outh
Afr
ica
07-N
ov
2007
M
usi
c ha
rd
Louw
, Adr
ian
Bus
h R
adio
's C
RE
W
proj
ect:
grow
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edia
edu
catio
n
UN
ES
CO
P
aper
pre
sent
ed a
t th
e Fr
ench
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omm
issi
on fo
r U
NE
SC
O m
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rtner
ship
with
the
Fren
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inis
try o
f E
duca
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and
the
Cou
ncil
of E
urop
e at
th
e C
entre
de
Con
fere
nces
In
tern
atin
ales
, Par
is,
Fran
ce
Sou
th A
fric
a 21
-22
June
20
07
2007
m
usi
c so
ft ht
tp://
ww
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crf.
org.
za/s
a-co
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unity
-ra
dio-
pres
ent-
pape
r-at
-un
esco
-m
edia
-ed
ucat
ion…
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
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©
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J, 2
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P
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SA
FAC
T
Pira
cy c
ampa
ign
SA
FAC
T
SA
DC
2008
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usi
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tp://
ww
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Feen
stra
, Mar
iann
e M
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Qua
lific
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ns:
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inst
itutio
ns/
qual
ifica
tions
re
spon
ding
to th
e ch
angi
ng a
nd
grow
ing
need
s of
the
mus
ic in
dust
ry?
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
08
2008
M
usi
c ha
rd
Mas
okoa
ne, G
lenn
S
outh
Afri
can
Mus
ic
Hub
D
AC
, Sou
th A
frica
S
outh
Afri
ca
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
08
2008
M
usi
c ha
rd
Mel
ando
witz
, Hug
h S
ampl
ing
Mus
ic
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
08
2008
M
usi
c so
ft
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
for t
he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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©
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SA
BC
M
usic
pol
icy
disc
ussi
on d
ocum
ent
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
08
2008
m
usi
c so
ft
Wak
ashe
, T
Spe
ech
to M
oshi
to
Mos
hito
S
outh
Afri
ca
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
08
2008
m
usi
c ha
rd
Mba
ye, J
enny
G
eogr
aphi
es d
e L'
indu
strie
mus
ical
e hi
p ho
p en
Afri
que
de
l'Oue
st
Inst
itut N
atio
nal d
e la
Rec
herc
he
Sci
entif
ique
(IN
RS
) - Q
uebe
c
Col
logu
e in
tern
atio
nal “
Arts
, te
rrito
ires
et n
ouve
lle
écon
omie
cul
ture
lle.
La c
ultu
re, u
n at
out
inco
ntou
rnab
le d
u dé
velo
ppem
ent
urba
in e
t rég
iona
l?
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e co
ngre
s de
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AC
FAS
Wes
t Afr
ica
6 -7
th M
ay
2008
20
08
mu
sic
Sof
t, w
ord
Mba
ye, J
enny
W
est A
frica
n H
ip
Hop
: A tr
ansn
atio
nal
soci
al m
ovem
ent
Priv
ate
Aeg
is c
orto
na
sum
mer
sch
ool i
n A
frica
n st
udie
s,
Cor
tona
, Tus
cany
, 16
-22
June
200
8
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t Afr
ica
16-2
2 Ju
ne
2008
20
08
Mu
sic
Sof
t, w
ord
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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©
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J, 2
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Gos
tner
, Kar
l (Y
FM)
The
Sou
th A
fric
an
Mus
ic In
dust
ry
NA
B
S
outh
Afr
ica
mu
sic
hard
Mba
ye, J
enny
A
UR
A (*
) or
som
e po
litic
al p
rodu
ctio
n of
hi
p ho
p m
usic
Priv
ate
W
est A
fric
a ?
M
usi
c S
oft,
wor
d
Lebe
the,
A
The
Per
form
ing
Arts
an
d D
ance
: pr
omot
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the
Cul
tura
l sec
tor
thro
ugh
job
crea
tion
and
smal
l ent
erpr
ise
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e S
AD
C c
ount
ries
ILO
S
erie
s on
'Upg
radi
ng
in S
mal
l Ent
erpr
ise
Clu
ster
s an
d G
loba
l V
alue
Cha
ins'
, ILO
SA
DC
20
03
2003
p
erfo
rmin
g
arts
an
d
dan
ce
hard
ht
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ww
w.il
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rg/d
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MA
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trodu
cing
MA
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arke
t for
Afri
can
Per
form
ing
Arts
)
MA
SA
P
rese
ntat
ion
Afri
ca
2007
20
07
per
form
ing
ar
ts a
nd
d
ance
hard
ht
tp://
ww
w.m
asa.
franc
oph
onie
.org
/eng
lish
/pre
sent
ati
on/p
rese
ntat
ion
.htm
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
Bib
liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
Afri
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©
CA
J, 2
009
P
age
287
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92
Unk
now
n Fe
ux d
e B
razz
a:
Rap
port
de la
tro
isiè
me
éditi
on
Unk
now
n Fe
stiv
al p
opul
aire
de
s m
usiq
ues
tradi
tionn
elle
s
DR
C
2008
20
08
per
form
ing
ar
ts, m
usi
c
wor
d no
ne
Man
s, M
inet
te E
C
reat
ing
a cu
ltura
l po
licy
for N
amib
ia
A
rts E
duca
tion
Pol
icy
Rev
iew
N
amib
ia
May
1 2
000
2000
p
olic
y ha
rd
SA
DC
P
roto
col o
n cu
lture
, in
form
atio
n an
d sp
ort
SA
DC
S
AD
C
SA
DC
26
/07/
2002
20
02
po
licy
hard
ht
tp://
ww
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ala
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g/sc
ripts
/con
tent
.php
?id
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C
Par
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ry M
edia
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riefin
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lust
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C
Brie
fing
for
parli
amen
t S
outh
Afr
ica
10-F
eb-0
6 20
06
po
licy
inte
rnet
ht
tp://
ww
w.d
ac.
gov.
za/m
edi
a_re
leas
e/10
Geb
06.h
tm
Art
eria
l Net
wor
k’s
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liogr
aphy
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he C
reat
ive
Eco
nom
y in
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DA
C
Arts
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Cul
ture
P
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y R
evie
w
DA
C
SA
gov
ernm
ent
revi
ew o
f pol
icy
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
07
2007
po
licy
hard
ht
tp://
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w.d
ac.
gov.
za/p
roj
ects
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icy%
20R
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ackg
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d%20
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t.doc
Com
mon
wea
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n M
akin
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ral
Pol
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Wor
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omm
onw
ealth
Fo
unda
tion
Con
sulta
tion
held
in
partn
ersh
ip w
ith
Sou
th A
frica
n C
oalit
ion
for C
ultu
ral
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Dep
artm
ent o
f Arts
an
d C
ultu
re, S
amro
H
ouse
Sou
th A
fric
a 19
-May
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2008
po
licy
http
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ww
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onw
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com
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A
frica
n B
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Col
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ive
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the
Dag
Ham
mar
skjo
ld
Foun
datio
n
Sch
olar
ly p
ublis
hing
in
Afri
ca
Afri
ca
02-J
ul
2003
pu
blis
hing
Kro
mbe
rg, S
teve
P
ublis
hing
in A
frica
H
SR
C, S
outh
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fric
a P
art o
f the
HS
RC
re
sear
ch te
am fo
r D
AC
ST
to e
stab
lish
a cu
ltura
l ob
serv
ator
y
Afri
ca
2004
20
04
publ
ishi
ng
hard
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eria
l Net
wor
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iate
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esea
rch
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appp
S
eta
Sec
tor S
kills
P
lan:
the
publ
ishi
ng
sub-
sect
or
Com
mis
sion
ing
party
: Map
pp S
eta
S
outh
Afr
ica
Dat
e: 2
5 Ju
ly 2
004
2004
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blis
hing
ha
rd
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PA
, In
tera
rts
OC
PA
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Inte
ract
s E
xper
ts m
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g on
R
esea
rch
Prio
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OC
PA
M
eetin
g co
nven
ed in
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PA
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tera
cts
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n (B
arce
lona
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in)
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ort o
f th
e S
pani
sh M
inis
try
of C
ultu
re o
n th
e oc
casi
on o
f the
INC
D
mee
ting
conv
ened
in
co-o
pera
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Sen
egal
ese
Coa
litio
n fo
r Cul
tura
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ersi
ty
and
the
Sen
egal
ese
Coa
litio
n of
Soc
io-
Eco
nom
ic A
ctor
s.
Sen
egal
16
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Nov
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r 20
05
2005
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esea
rch
reso
urce
s H
ard
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pa.ir
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h so
urce
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ey
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ns a
nd
anno
tate
d bi
blio
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hy o
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ltura
l sec
tor
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th A
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Brit
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ncil
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d fo
r the
fist
ph
ase
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e cr
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e m
appi
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Cou
ncil
Sou
th A
fric
a 20
05
2005
R
esea
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reso
urce
s pd
f
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l Net
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k’s
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he C
reat
ive
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ompe
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efer
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ents
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l Pol
icie
s in
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frica
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PA
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ublis
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NE
SC
O
Afri
ca
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earc
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ate
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frica
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reso
urce
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rd
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A
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ultu
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dex-
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ultu
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Afri
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Res
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Art
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l Net
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l New
s V
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Artt
hrob
A
rtthr
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Con
tem
pora
ry a
rt in
S
outh
Afri
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Art
thro
b W
ebsi
te
Sou
th A
fric
a va
rious
al
l vi
sual
art
in
tern
et
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b.co
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Art
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l Net
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k’s
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etw
ork
of S
outh
A
frica
V
AN
SA
V
AN
SA
W
ebsi
te
Sou
th A
fric
a V
ario
us
all
visu
al a
rt in
tern
et
http
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ww
.va
nsa.
co.z
a/re
sou
rces
Nw
auch
e, E
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Inte
llect
ual P
rope
rty
Rig
hts,
Cop
yrig
ht a
nd
Dev
elop
men
t Pol
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in a
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntry
: Opt
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For
S
ub S
ahar
an A
frica
n C
ount
ries
P
aper
pre
sent
ed to
th
e C
opyr
ight
W
orks
hop
at
Zim
babw
e In
tern
atio
nal B
ook
Fair
Zim
babw
e 30
th o
f Jul
y 20
03
2003
inte
rnet
w
ww
.kop
inor
.or
g/co
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nloa
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