Research at CornellOffice of the Vice Provost for Research

Collaborative ApproachWorld-Class Facilities

THE REPORT

Jason Koski/CU

Robert Barker/CU

02 Cornell’s Total Research Expenditures

02 Ranking Cornell Nationally

02 Ranking Cornell in New York

03 Funding Cornell’s Research

03 Expending Research Dollars

04 Aggregating Excellence

05 A Review of Selected Faculty Research

14 Cornell’s Colleges and Divisions

15 Selected Books by Cornell Faculty

24 ARRA’s Impact

25 More Notables

27 Faculty Honors and Distinctions

29 Transferring Technology

31 Crossing Disciplines:Selected Research Centers at Cornell

In this Report

“”

We recognize that Cornell has excellentstrengths across the campus—and it’s exciting.

– Robert A. Buhrman

The Report—formerly the Annual Report—from the Office of the Vice Provost for Research is a review of faculty research and scholarshipfrom across the campus and a collection of research statistics. It incorporates FY 2008 and FY 2009 research expenditures.

October 2010

RobertBarker/CU

Aggregating ExcellenceTHE FOUNDATION OFCORNELL’S PREEMINENCE IN RESEARCH

The basis of Cornell’sleadership in research is acommitment to excellencein diverse and collaborativeresearch. Cornell’s amazing

breadth of research includes large-scale projectsthat will help improve the well-being of ournational and global societies, smaller ingen-ious projects that will lead to breakthroughs inmany areas, and scholarly work that supportsand enhances the spirit of humanity.

To continue to lead, we must also continueto renew our faculty. Our excellent cadre ofyoung faculty who won many national awardsover the past year, including a notable numberof National Science Foundation Early CareerDevelopment awards, strongly confirms thesuccess of Cornell’s recent efforts at renewal.

Cornell faculty continue to increase theuniversity’s external funding for top-flightresearch and to secure our leadership positionin academic research. In FY 2009 Cornellwas second among the nation’s researchuniversities in total National ScienceFoundation (NSF) research funding. Prior tothe American Recovery and Reinvestment Act(ARRA) stimulus funding, Cornell had a 5percent increase in research funding on theIthaca campus for FY 2009, with a markedincrease in nonprofit and foundation funding.A Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s awardof $26.8 million established a Cornell global

partnership to fight stem rust, a lethal wheatdisease that threatens global food security. TheNSF’s renewal and increase in funding forthe National Nanotechnology InfrastructureNetwork (NNIN) for the next five years con-firms the impact of this network led by Cornell.

By the end of 2009, Cornell researchers onthe Ithaca and New York City campuses hadreceived more than $140 million in stimulusfunding, garnering exceptional success acrossareas with the immediate potential to addresssome of the nation’s urgent needs. We received$17.5 million from the Department of Energy,along with additional funds from New YorkState, for an Energy Frontier Research Center:the Energy Materials Center at Cornell (EMC2).Cornell’s Ithaca campus and Weill CornellMedical College, partnering with the Universityof Buffalo, received $13 million from theNational Cancer Institute to fund the Centerfor the Microenvironment and Metastasis,which brings physicians and engineerstogether to gain a deeper understanding ofthe complexity of cancer. NSF’s yearlongreview of the Cornell High Energy Synchro-tron Source and Energy Recovery Linac R&Dprogram culminated in NSF’s National ScienceBoard approving up to $125 million in fundingfor CHESS and ERL over the next four years.

Cornell continues to lead in research andtechnology development, including advancedmaterials, computer and information sciences,and nanoscience and nanotechnology—which are rapidly evolving fields that are

now playing a fast-growing role in medicaltechnology. Cornell leads in research onpersonal decision making and lifestyle inhuman health, including such issues as obesityand smoking, which extract steep personaland societal costs. The impact of Cornell’swork in genomics touches on all areas of thelife sciences. Analysis of genetic informationthat was unattainable 10 years ago—nowavailable at ever-decreasing costs—is yieldingknowledge and insights that will reshapebiology in coming decades.

ENDORSING EXCELLENCEWe recognize that Cornell has excellentstrengths across the campus—and it’s exciting.We want to support all of our strengths,based on our ability to make strategic invest-ments and attain external resources in areaswhere available; advance in areas whereCornell has strong potential; and excel inareas of current strength. By recognizing andsupporting excellence, Cornell has been, andstill is, at the forefront of trends where wecan make significant contributions to meetingsocietal needs and enriching humanity. I aimto extend our support of excellence and toensure, to the extent possible, that Cornellfaculty have the facilities, particularly sharedfacilities, and tools they need to excel.

tacticsand actions that will enhance ourresearch productivity and enableCornell to excel in emerging, break-through areas defined by the faculty;

mechanismsby which new initiatives of the facultywith the prospect of expandingCornell’s research leadership, yieldinga strong impact, and winning externalfunding in the appropriate areas canbe addressed, as they as they emerge;

a way to usethe resources we have—which arelimited—as effectively and efficientlyas possible, taking our best practicesin organizing shared facilities, admin-istrating research, and stimulating andsupporting interdisciplinary initiativesand implementing these successfullyand appropriately across campus; and

a strategyto identify Cornell’s best areas anddetermine how to make those areaseven better, without detracting fromother areas.

As we look toward Cornell’s future, our vision for Cornell research is straightforward.We want the Cornell research enterprise to have

TO REIMAGINE

Robert A. BuhrmanSenior Vice Provost for Research

Photo: Frank DiMeo

THE REPORT

Ranking Cornell Nationally

BY RESEARCH EXPENDITURES FY 2008

1 Johns Hopkins University* $1,680,927

2 University of California, San Francisco 885,182

3 University of Wisconsin, Madison 881,777

4 University of Michigan 876,390

5 University of California, Los Angeles 871,478

6 University of California, San Diego 842,027

7 Duke University 766,906

8 University of Washington 765,135

9 University of Pennsylvania 708,244

10 Ohio State University 702,592

11 Pennsylvania State University 701,130

12 Stanford University 688,225

13 University of Minnesota 682,662

14 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 659,626

15 Cornell University 653,996

in thousands

Ranking Cornell in New York

BY RESEARCH EXPENDITURES FY 2008

1 Cornell University $653,996

2 Columbia University 548,704

3 University of Rochester 375,218

4 SUNY, Buffalo 338,300

5 New York University 310,699

6 Mount Sinai School of Medicine 296,380

7 SUNY, Albany 270,414

8 SUNY, Stony Brook 252,745

9 Rockefeller University 247,505

10 Yeshiva University 197,311

in thousands

$687,431FY 2009

34.2%ENDOWED COLLEGES$235,248

35.6%CONTRACT COLLEGES

$244,777

30.2%MEDICAL COLLEGE

$207,406

35.5%ENDOWED COLLEGES$237,432

34.6%CONTRACT COLLEGES

$231,314

29.9%MEDICAL COLLEGE

$199,481

$668,227FY 2008

in thousands

in thousands

Source: Cornell University, Sponsored Financial Services

THE REPORT

Cornell’s TotalResearch Expenditures

* Johns Hopkins University includes the Applied Physics Laboratory, with $845,396 in total R&D expenditures.

Source: National Science Foundation

Note: Research expenditures of $12,586 for Cornell’s National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) are

reported separately and are not included in the above NSF amounts. Nonscience and Engineering research

expenditures of $1,645 are not included in the above NSF amounts.

Funding Cornell’s Research

BY DOLLARS EXPENDED FY 2009 FY 2008

Total Federal Sources $383,246 $377,896

Sponsored Research 375,118 368,540

Appropriated Research 8,128 9,356

Total Nonfederal Sources 304,185 290,331

Sponsored Research 132,160 111,829

State & Local Governments 25,917 20,449

Corporations & Trade Associations 27,715 25,947

Foundations 36,066 25,996

Nonprofit Organizations* 41,913 37,919

All Others 548 1,518

Appropriated Research 172,025 178,502

Cornell Support** 117,888 123,476

New York State 54,137 55,026

Federal Agencies

DHHS Department of Health & Human Services $192,485 $190,792

NSF National Science Foundation 115,067 116,000

DOD Department of Defense 19,759 16,428

USDA Department of Agriculture 17,204 16,227

NASA National Aeronautics & Space Administration*** 10,538 10,599

DOE Department of Energy 9,519 7,195

AID Agency for International Development 2,213 2,822

All Others 8,332 8,476

* Includes sub-awards of federal funds from other universities, national labs, nongovernment organizations, etc.** Consistent with NSF reporting guidelines, university support includes institutional cost sharing, GRA tuitionfellowships, university seed research grants, unrecovered facilities and administrative costs, and organized research allocation of NYS-funded employee benefits.

*** NASA includes JPL funds under subcontract.Source: Cornell University, Sponsored Financial Services Discrepancies may occur due to rounding.

in thousands

Expending Research Dollars

BY DISCIPLINES FY 2009 FY 2008

Medical Sciences $256,605 $247,623

Biology 102,407 98,354

Multidisciplinary 57,187 58,542

Agriculture 57,158 49,543

Physics 42,055 45,730

Astronomy 29,412 26,892

Chemistry 20,858 20,526

Computer Sciences 17,744 19,935

Electrical Engineering 17,387 15,975

Economics 14,333 5,540

Institutional & College Research Support* 13,413 10,724

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering 9,362 7,835

Sociology 9,257 9,918

Mechanical Engineering 6,890 7,758

Civil Engineering 6,207 6,912

Earth Sciences 5,884 6,158

Chemical Engineering 5,706 5,083

Mathematical Sciences 4,603 5,250

Psychology 4,941 4,243

Bioengineering & Biomedical Engineering 4,206 2,755

Humanities 916 756

Political Sciences 632 359

Communication, Journalism, & Library Sciences 185 1,300

Oceanography 96 270

Other Social Sciences 74

Law 51 90

Business & Management 17 9,985

Visual & Performing Arts 9

* Expenses incurred at the administrative unit level in support of research.Disciplines are defined by the National Science Foundation.Source: Cornell University, Office of Sponsored AccountingDiscrepancies may occur due to rounding.

in thousands

Photo: Jason Koski/CU

Forming Earth’s Crust

Christopher Andronicos,Earth and AtmosphericSciences, and research col-leagues puzzled over the

conditions that create granulite, a key com-ponent of the Earth’s crust. Granulite formsfrom moving, molten rock at a wide range ofdepths, but a narrow range of temperatures.The Cornell team created a mathematicalcomputer model of the formation of granulitethat explains how granulite is instead formedas the molten rock migrates upward throughthe crust.

How Big a Bacterium?

Esther R. Angert,Microbiology, and herresearch team showed howthe unusually large size of

the bacterium Epulopiscium sp.—roughlythe size of a grain of salt—may be due to itsability to copy its genome tens of thousandsof times. The bacterium lives in the gut ofsurgeonfish. Prior to this study, other bacteriahave been known to generate multiple copiesof their genomes, but only as many as a few

hundred. The researchers are interested inhow the process emerged in surgeonfish andhow it may affect the organism’s biology.

Fish–Speak

Andrew H. Bass, Neurobiologyand Behavior, and hisresearch group found thatthe neural network behind

sound production in vertebrates can be tracedbacked to the hums and grunts of fish. Cornellresearchers mapped the developing brain cellsin newly hatched larvae of the midshipmanfish, a species known for the loud hummingsounds adult males generate with their swimbladders to attract females to their nests. Theycompared this system to the neural circuitrybehind vocalizations of amphibians, birds,reptiles, and mammals, including primates.They discovered that the complexity of net-works varies, but the fundamental attributesare the same. The findings put human speechand the social communications of all verte-brates into evolutionary context.

Intra-Arterial versus Intravenous

John A. Boockvar, NeurologicalSurgery, Howard Riina, Neuro-logical Surgery/Neurology/Radiology, Weill CornellMedical College, and col-leagues performed the world’sfirst intra-arterial (IA) cerebralinfusion of Avastin (beva-

cizumab) directly into a patient's malignantbrain tumor. This novel intra-arterial tech-nique, combining the latest in drug treatmentand a revolutionary delivery procedure, mayexpose the cancer to higher doses of the drug

therapy, sparing the patient common sideeffects of receiving the drug intravenouslythroughout the body.

Emotions and Memories

Charles Brainerd and ValerieReyna, Human Development,led a study on how nega-tive events result in morefalse memories than neutralevents. The researchersfound that negative eventsactually distort memory.

People may not remember the details of whathappened to them, but they remember thatthe incident was negative, and this allowsthem to fill in the blanks with memories ofnegative events that did not happen. Theresearch will influence understandings aboutthe accuracy of legal testimony in criminalcases and how interviews and interrogationsin violent cases should be conducted.

Apples on the Fast Track

Susan K. Brown,Horticultural Sciences,Geneva, tracked new Cornellapple selections at 30 New

York orchards to determine their commercialviability. The aim is to fast track grower test-ing of 42 advanced apple-breeding selections.Brown’s expectation of identifying two new

5 / Collaborative Approach. World-Class Facilities.

THE REPORT

A Review of SelectedFaculty Research

JasonKoski/CU

varieties with the potential for commercial-ization has been realized. In the spring of2010, two new Cornell varieties, developed byBrown, were licensed exclusively to a NewYork grower owned company.

A New Maize Genetics Map

Edward S. Buckler, PlantBreeding and Genetics, andresearch colleagues identi-fied thousands of diverse

genes in genetically inaccessible parts of themaize genome and created the first map ofhaplotypes—sets of linked gene variantsknown as alletes. The lines selected for studyincluded a cross-section of maize varietiesused for breeding, representing worldwidediversity. The haplotype map will helpresearchers and breeders to develop molecularmarkers and create new tools—previously outof reach—to improve maize varieties.

A Vaccine for Johne’s Disease

Yung-Fu Chang, PopulationMedicine and DiagnosticSciences, and research col-leagues developed a vaccine

for Johne’s disease, which results in annuallosses of $220 to $250 million for the U.S.dairy industry. The contagious, chronic, andunusually fatal bacterial infection—caused bythe Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratu-berculosis—primarily infects cattle, sheep,goats, and farm-raised deer, elk, lamas,alpaca, bison, and zoological wildlife.Changes in management practices were pre-viously the only way to prevent the disease.

Observing Single Catalytic Events

Peng Chen, Chemistry andChemical Biology, andresearch group developeda microscopic method for

observing the behavior of single nanoparticles

of a catalyst, down to the resolution of singlecatalytic events. They showed that some nano-particles in a batch carry out their reactionsdifferently and that each nanoparticle changesthe speed of its catalytic reaction over time—and they measured the time scale. Nanoparticlesprovide a larger surface area to speed reactions,and in some cases, materials that are not cat-alytic in bulk become so at the nanoscale.Nanocatalysts therefore hold promise for suchapplications as fuel cells and pollutant removal.

Superconductivity at RoomTemperature?

J. C. Séamus Davis, Physics,and his research team tooknew measurements revealingthat high-temperature super-

conductors may have the potential to go evenhigher. These findings raise the possibility ofcreating room-temperature superconductors orsuperconductors that will work with conven-tional refrigeration. Superconductors conductelectricity with zero resistance—but only whencooled to very low temperatures. Recentlydeveloped materials called cuprates, consistingof copper oxide doped with other elements,superconduct up to temperatures as high as150 Kelvins (-123˚C or -253˚F). Such materi-als could lead to far more efficient electricgenerators, lossless power transmission, andother energy-saving applications.

A New Genetic Engineering Technique

Matthew DeLisa, Chemicaland BiomolecularEngineering invented anew genetic engineering

technique—a protein readout method for cells.The technique will allow researchers to createand catalog disease-specific antibodies in thelab, revolutionizing antibody-based drugtreatments for such diseases as Alzheimer’sand cancer. Inspired by nature, the methodencompasses efficient readout of protein-to-protein interactions within cells. An Ithaca-based biotechnology company, Vybion Inc.,

negotiated an exclusive license with Cornell touse the technology, which the company is nowapplying to its in-house drug developmentand related projects.

Switching Off

Scott D. Emr, Weill Institutefor Cell and MolecularBiology, and his collaboratorsprovided a new insight into

how receptors on cell surfaces turn off signalsfrom the cell’s environment, a vital contribu-tion to cell functions such as growth, division,and death. Their findings will improve under-standing of cancer, AIDS, neurodegenerativedisorders, and other illnesses, because suchdiseases can result when receptors go awryby failing to turn off, a function known asdown-regulation.

Light Moves Molecules

David Erickson, Mechanicaland Aerospace Engineering,Michal Lipson, Electrical andComputer Engineering, and

research colleagues demonstrated that a beamof light can trap and move particles, includingDNA molecules, as small as 75 nanometers indiameter. This application of optofluidics—usingthe pressure of light to move and manipulatebiological molecules—could overcome theobstacle of moving materials at the nanoscale.A tiny biological sample could be carriedthrough microscopic channels for processing.The research may lead to scientific break-throughs such as a lab on a chip; a portable,fast-acting detector for disease organisms orfood-borne pathogens; and rapid DNA sequencing.

Stress and Cognitive Development

Gary W. Evans, Design andEnvironmental Analysis, andresearch staff confirmed thatthe chronic stress of growing

up in poverty can physiologically impact chil-dren’s brains. It can impair their workingmemory and diminish their ability to developlanguage, reading, and problem-solving skills.The study is the first to tie cognitive develop-ment to physiological stress in children living

Photos: Esther Angert; Robert Barker/CU; CU; Gabriela Depine; Aleksandr Kalininskiy; Jason Koski/CU; Jhinhwan Lee; John Novembre/UCLA; University Photography; Provided / 6

in impoverished environments. Their findingssuggest that government policies and programsthat aim to reduce the income-performancegap should also consider the chronic stresschildren experience at home.

Night Vision, an Evolutionary Quirk

Barbara L. Finlay, Psychology,and research colleaguesdetermined that an evolu-tionary mechanism shows

how important changes in primates’ brainstructures evolve. The researchers reportedthat evolution appears to proceed throughsimple genetic changes that affect the timing

of development in brain regions. Minor dif-ferences in the timing of cell proliferationcan explain the large differences found in theeyes of two species of monkeys—owl monkeysand capuchin monkeys—evolving from acommon ancestor. They studied the develop-ing eyes of these species of monkeys duringembryonic growth for insight into hownocturnal owl monkeys develop retinaswith many more rod cells than cones, whilecapuchin monkeys, which are active duringthe day, develop more cone cells than rods.

Cancer Cell Growth in 3-D

Claudia Fischbach-Teschl,Biomedical Engineering,demonstrated that a previouslyunderestimated protein secreted

by cancer cells could be key in allowing cancerto grow and spread. Fischbach-Teschl and herresearch team studied the behavior of cancer cellsgrown in two and three dimensions. They looked

at how cancer cells, binding to the material thatsurrounds them—called the extracellular matrix—regulate the secretion of proteins called angio-genic factors. These proteins allow tumors todevelop blood-vessel networks and metastasize.

An Ultrafast Oscilloscope

Alexander Gaeta, Appliedand Engineering Physics,Michal Lipson, Electrical andComputer Engineering, and

research colleagues created an ultrafast oscil-loscope that can plot the waveform of anoptical signal with a resolution of less than atrillionth of a second. Although some currentmethods can measure such brief waveformsby averaging many repeating events, the newoscilloscope can capture events that happen onlyonce in a while. Applications include analyzingintermittent glitches in fiber-optic communi-cations and observing such fast-moving eventsas chemical reactions and laser fusion.

7 / Collaborative Approach. World-Class Facilities.

BoockvarLab/WCMC

THE REPORT

Price and the Perception of Quality

Ori Heffetz, Johnson GraduateSchool of Management, andresearch colleagues testedthe link between price and

consumer perceptions of quality in two food-related experiments. Contrary to previousstudies, they found that higher prices did notcause the predicted higher demand for theproducts, but instead decreased demand.Although more expensive products may gen-erate more positive consumer regard, the higherprice tags discourage consumers from buyingthem. The study anchors economics to real-world situations, rather than relying just onabstract theoretical models to explain howmoney moves—a study in behavioral economics.

ASL Cell Phones

Sheila S. Hemami, Electricaland Computer Engineering,and research colleagues cre-ated cell phones that allow

deaf people to communicate in sign languagethe same way hearing people use phones totalk. The technology allows deaf people unfet-tered communication in their native language.The researchers—the Mobile American SignLanguage (ASL) team—designed the videocompression software so that ASL users cansend clear, understandable video over existingbandwidth networks. Twenty-five deaf peoplehave received the first phone prototypes.

The Mating Duet

Ronald R. Hoy, Neurobiologyand Behavior, Laura C.Harrington, Entomology, andtheir research teams discov-ered how male and femalemosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)interact acoustically witheach other when they are

within a few centimeters’ hearing distance.They create a harmonic duet around 1,200hertz, a multiple of their wing-beat frequencies,

just before mating. The frequency is muchhigher than what was thought to be theupper hearing limit of the mosquito. Thisstudy is also the first to show definitivelythat female mosquitoes are not deaf. Thefindings will lead to new and better ways tocontrol the mosquito population in areasplagued by yellow and dengue fevers.

From Flickr to Online TravelGuidebook

Daniel P. Huttenlocher,Computing and InformationScience, David A. Lifka,Cornell Center for AdvancedComputing, and their collab-orators developed a newclassification method forlarge-scale collections of

digital images. They downloaded and ana-lyzed nearly 35 million Flickr photos takenby more than 300,000 photographers fromaround the world. Their method provides apractical and automatic way to organize,label, and summarize collections at this scale.It could lead to an online travel guidebookthat can identify the best sites to visit on avacation. The research also generated statis-tics on the world’s most photographed citiesand landmarks, including New York City,London, San Francisco, the Eiffel Tower, andTrafalgar Square. The researchers used asupercomputer at the Cornell Center forAdvanced Computing (CAC).

Targeting an Enzyme for CurbingAlzheimer’s Disease

Costantino Iadecola,Neurology and Neuroscience,Weill Cornell Medical College,and research colleagues

demonstrated that curbing harmful processesin the brain’s vasculature set off by the enzymeNADPH oxidase may reverse some of thecognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’sdisease. After the enzyme was geneticallyswitched off, mice with a type of dementia

that mimics Alzheimer’s regained importantcognitive abilities. Identifying the enzyme’srole in dementia could translate into a newdrug target for Alzheimer’s disease in humans.

Spillover Effect in Teaching

C. Kirabo Jackson, Industrialand Labor Relations, andresearch colleagues confirmedthat teachers improve their

performance when the quality of their col-leagues improves. The team analyzed 11 yearsof data on North Carolina schoolchildren,focusing on mathematics and adding test-scoredata for students in third through fifth gradeswith the same teacher for all of their coreacademic subjects. Offering some of the firstevidence of a spillover effect in teaching, thestudy has implications for the national debateon merit-pay plans for teachers and schoolstaffing practices. If teachers learn from theirpeers and the effects are significant, as thisstudy suggests, then incentive systems shouldaim to foster the spillover effect.

The Language of Design

Jan Jennings, Design andEnvironmental Analysis, andan interdisciplinary group ofcolleagues produced the first

searchable, online database for contemporarydesign with imagery from actual buildings.They invented a naming practice—a vocabulary—for students to use in design. Interior designerscan now name a dramatic staircase in the lobbyof a luxury hotel, for example, or two similarchairs situated side by side in a large space.Having names for specific interior designfeatures allows researchers to isolate issuesrelated to them, such as their sustainability,for study. The project—Interior ArchetypesResearch and Teaching Project (Intypes)—was13 years in the making.

JasonK

oski/CU

Photos: Robert Barker/CU; Boockvar Lab/WCMC; Centro Nacional de Primata, Ananindeua, Brazil; CU; Lindsay France/CU; Jason Koski/CU; University Photography; Provided / 8

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9 / Collaborative Approach. World-Class Facilities.

Marker for Breast Cancer Metastasis

Joan G. Jones, Pathology, WeillCornell Medical College, andfellow researchers identifieda new marker for breast

cancer metastasis. The marker, a group ofthree cell types together called tumormicroenvironment of metastasis (TMEM), isassociated with the development of distantorgan metastasis via the bloodstream—themost common cause of death from breastcancer. A tissue test for metastatic risk couldalleviate concerns about cancer spreading andlimit the use of toxic and costly measures likeradiation and chemotherapy. This discoverycould change the way breast cancer is treated.

Innovations Preferred Early

Sheryl E. Kimes and RohitVerma, Hotel Administrationcompared 11 technologiescommonly used in restaurantsand found that restaurantcustomers prefer virtualmenus with nutritionalinformation as the most

valuable technology, followed closely byonline reservations, kiosks for ordering, andpagers for table management. After linkingthe 11 technologies to five dining stages, theresearchers showed that customers are morecomfortable with early dining-stage tech-nologies, such as virtual menus and pagers.They recommend restaurateurs urgecustomers to try new technologies whenthey are introduced.

Tracking the News Cycle

Jon M. Kleinberg, ComputerScience, and his researchgroup used online versionsof mainstream media and

news blogs to analyze the way emerging newsstories rise and fall in popularity. Tracking atotal of 90 million articles—one of the largestanalyses anywhere of online news—over the

three-month period prior to the 2008 presi-dential election, they were able to measurethe temporal dynamics of the news. Theyfound that stories rise to prominence slowlythen die quickly in mainstream media, whilein the blogosphere, stories rise in popularityvery quickly and remain current longer. Theirwork suggests that the news cycle is a realphenomenon that can be measured, ratherthan merely a way to describe the readership’sperception of media activity.

Cardiac Stem Cells

Michael I. Kotlikoff,Biomedical Sciences, and hisresearch colleagues isolatedand purified mouse heart

stem cells, settling scientific disagreementover the existence of cardiac stem cells.Using their method, researchers can nowstudy factors that control the fate of suchcells. This research will lead to a betterunderstanding of whether genes can spurheart stem cells to differentiate fully intonew cells after a heart attack.

Computer, Observe and Find

Hod Lipson, Mechanical andAerospace Engineering, andresearch team taught a com-puter with no prior scientific

knowledge to find regularities in the naturalworld representing natural laws. They testedtheir algorithm on simple mechanical systems—a spring-loaded linear oscillator, a singlependulum, and a double pendulum—but alsobelieve it could be applied to more complexsystems, ranging from biology to cosmology.This computer algorithm will expedite routineelectronic data analysis, helping scientists tofocus quickly on the interesting phenomenaand interpret their meaning.

A Cloaking Device

Michal Lipson, Electrical andComputer Engineering, andher research team built adevice that can make bumps

in a flat surface appear invisible. Althoughdevices that bend microwaves around smallobjects have been previously demonstrated,

this is the first cloaking device to work atoptical frequencies. The illusion is only effectiveat the nanoscale now, but the basic principlecould eventually be scaled up for military andcommunications applications. The team used asilicon wafer as the base for a reflector about30 microns long with a 5-micron-wide bump inthe middle, placing an array of vertical siliconposts, each 50 nanometers in diameter, infront of the reflector.

Pinpointing Genes

John T. Lis, MolecularBiology and Genetics, andresearch colleagues devel-oped a new technique that

takes a snapshot of all the locations on thehuman genome where RNA polymerasesactively transcribe genes. The method providesa new and highly sensitive way to pinpointall the active and silent genes in the humangenome. The researchers also discovered—counter to the previous understanding thatRNA polymerases read DNA in one direction—that polymerases travel in the both directions.

Apples and More

Rui Hai Liu, Food Science,and his collaborators pub-lished six studies during2008–2009 showing how

apples and other fruits and vegetables canhelp prevent breast cancer. In the latest study,the team reported that fresh apple extractssignificantly inhibit the size of mammarytumors in rats, with the effect increasing withthe dose. These studies highlight the key roleof phytochemicals known as phenolics orflavonoids—which are found in apples andother fruits and vegetables—and add to thegrowing evidence of the health benefits ofeating more fruits and vegetables.

Photos: Robert Barker/CU; CU; Frank DiMeo; Kleinberg group; Jason Koski/CU; University Photography; Provided

THE REPORT

FrankDiMeo

Laser of the ERL (Energy Recovery Linac) prototype:It creates the initial electron beam to be accelerated

11 / Collaborative Approach. World-Class Facilities.

DNA for Nanocircuits

Dan Luo, Biological andEnvironmental Engineering,Christopher Umbach,Materials Science and

Engineering, David Muller, Applied andEngineering Physics, and their research teamscreated thin sheets of gold nanoparticles heldtogether by tangled, hairlike strands of DNA—suspended, free-standing sheets of goldnanoparticles 20 nanometers thick. Theresearchers demonstrated easy control of thesheets’ mechanical properties by changingthe lengths of the DNA or the distancebetween nanoparticles. The work may haveapplications in thin transistors and otherelectronic devices.

World’s Thinnest Balloon

Paul L. McEuen, Physics,Jiwoong Park, Chemistryand Chemical Biology, andresearch colleagues used alump of graphite, a piece ofScotch tape, and a siliconwafer to create the world’sthinnest balloon, one atom

thick. It is strong enough to contain gasesunder several atmospheres of pressure withoutpopping. This balloon-like membrane is ultra-strong, leakproof, and impermeable to evennimble helium atoms. The research could leadto a variety of new technologies, from novelways to image biological materials in solutionto techniques for studying the movement ofatoms or ions through microscopic holes.

Birds Immortalized

Todd McGrain, Art, immor-talized the extinct passengerpigeon and four otherextinct North American bird

species—the Carolina parakeet, great auk,Labrador duck, and heath hen—in his work.One of six invited artists, he exhibited his“Lost Bird Project” at the Third RochesterBiennial at the University of Rochester’sMemorial Art Gallery (MAG). The projectincludes five large, smooth-surfaced bronzesculptures, each more than six feet tall andweighing up to 700 pounds, and a correspon-ding series of somber ink-and-pencil drawingsintended to maintain the memory of thesespecies. The MAG acquired a passenger pigeonsculpture by McGrain, which is installed onthe gallery’s front lawn.

Racial Discrimination and Stress

Anthony D. Ong, HumanDevelopment, and hisresearch colleagues showedhow and to what effect

chronic racial discrimination erodes mentalhealth. Their study revealed that a combinationof two mechanisms—chronic exposure toracial prejudice leading to more experiencesof daily discrimination, and the accumulationof daily negative events across variousdomains of life, from family and friendsto health and finances—cause AfricanAmericans to have poorer mental health.They may have daily symptoms of depres-sion, anxiety, and negative moods, withfewer resources to cope with the resultingstress. The study is one of the first to look atthe underlying mechanisms by which racialdiscrimination affects the daily mental healthof African Americans.

Nursing Home Violence

Karl A. Pillemer, HumanDevelopment, Mark S. Lachs,Medicine, Weill CornellMedical College, and theircollaborators confirmed thataggression and violencebetween nursing home resi-dents is a prevalent and

serious problem. In one of their studies at alarge urban nursing home, the researchers

found 35 different types of physical and ver-bal abuse between residents. Screaming wasthe most common form of aggression, fol-lowed by physical violence, such as pushingand punching. This kind of aggression canhave serious consequences for both aggressorsand victims, but there are few proven solu-tions to prevent it. Future research will seekto address the problem by identifying riskfactors and preventive measures.

Causing Obesity

Ling Qi, NutritionalSciences, and his researchteam discovered how tworelated proteins and their

functions in a molecular pathway are key tocreating obesity-causing fat cells. Targetingthese proteins, known as IRE1alpha and XBP1,may lead to therapeutic strategies for treatingobesity. This research is the first to show thatthe endoplasmic reticulum—the organellewhere new proteins are made and folded, andthen transported out for use by the cell—andthe IRE1alpha-XBP1 pathway are involvedin the genesis of fat cells. Although lack ofphysical activity and overeating can cause oraggravate obesity, genetic mutations can alsocause the condition.

Moving from Antibiotics toAnti-infectives

Luis Quadri, Microbiologyand Immunology, WeillCornell Medical College, andresearch colleagues, seeking

to combat multidrug-resistant infectious diseasessuch as tuberculosis and leprosy, developedthe first inhibitor of a key small moleculefrom Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which

THE REPORT

destroys the human host’s defenses, and M.leprae, which damages the host’s cells duringinfection. This work proves in principle thatthe virulence of bacteria cultured in the labcan be inhibited. The next step is to explorewhether the inhibitor can stop pathogensfrom multiplying in a mouse, curtailing thehost’s infection. The researchers are lookingto move beyond anti-microbials such asantibiotics, which kill bacteria directly, toanti-infectives that may have no effectagainst the pathogen in the test tube butcompromise its ability to infect and spreadin the host.

The Allergy-Cancer Connection

Paul W. Sherman,Neurobiology and Behavior,and his research teamdemonstrated that allergy

symptoms, such as sneezing, coughing, anditching, may prevent cancer. After buildingthe most comprehensive database yet avail-able on allergies and cancers, the researchersanalyzed 646 studies published over the past50 years. They believe that allergy symptomsmay help protect against cancer by sheddingforeign particles from the body—particularlycolon, skin, bladder, mouth, throat, uterusand cervix, lung and gastrointestinal tractcancer, which are cancers in organs that inter-face with the external environment. Some ofthe particles eliminated in this fashion mightbe carcinogenic or carry carcinogens.

A Commission and a GrammyNomination

Roberto Sierra, Music,received a commission tocompose the inauguralwork for the Sphinx

Commissioning Consortium. The consortiumis an alliance of 12 American orchestras—including the Baltimore, Cincinnati, Detroit,and Philadelphia symphony orchestras—established to encourage major compositionsby black and Latino composers. Sierra’sorchestral work, Carnaval, is featured in therepertoire of each consortium member for the2009–10 season. Sierra was also nominatedfor a Grammy Award in the ContemporaryClassical Composition category for his MissaLatina “Pro Pace.” Commissioned by theNational Symphony Orchestra in 2006, the

mass was recorded by the MilwaukeeSymphony Orchestra and Chorus, with con-ductor Andreas Delfs and soloists Heidi GrantMurphy and Nathaniel Webster. The CD wasreleased in May 2009 on the Naxos label.

First Synthetic Tree

Abraham D. Stroock,Chemical and BiomolecularEngineering, and membersof his research team devel-

oped the first synthetic tree, using a slab ofhydrogel with nanometer-scale pores, thatmimics the flow of water inside plants. The

device is an embedded microsensor thatmeasures real-time water stress in livingplants. The sensor could help vintners meas-ure water stress in grapevines, which affectsthe quality of wine grapes. The technologyalso has implications for manufacturing, foodprocessing, and electronics.

Stem Cells: Fruit Fly versus Mouse

Tudorita Tumbar, MolecularBiology and Genetics, andresearch colleagues foundthat some stem cells in

mice behave differently than in fruit flies

Photos: Jonathan Alden; Robert Barker/CU ; Michael Campolongo/Luo Labs; CU; Lindsay France/CU; Jason Koski/CU; Amelia Panico; Rachel Philipson; Ling Qi; University Photography; WCMC / 12

RebeccaMiller

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(Drosophila), where most of the pioneeringstem cell research has been done. In fruitflies,normal adult stem cells generate two daughtercells: one becomes another stem cell, and theother becomes a differentiated cell with afixed number of cell divisions left in its life.In adult mice, the researchers, using newgenetic tools, found that daughter cells of ahair follicle can both become either stemcells or differentiated cells. Among the firststudies to consider how dividing stem cellschoose their fate in undamaged mouse tis-sues, this research implies that previouslyheld assumptions about stem cell behavior inmammals may not be applicable to stem cellsin all organ systems.

Autism and Environmental Triggers

Michael Waldman,Johnson Graduate Schoolof Management, SeanNicholson, Policy Analysisand Management, andresearch colleagues showedthat autism rates are higherin counties with higher rain-

fall in the states of Washington, Oregon, andCalifornia than in drier parts of the states.Although rainfall itself may not directly leadto autism, the research results strongly suggest

an environmental trigger correlated withprecipitation. The researchers propose that badweather causes children to be indoors, wherethey may be exposed to other triggers thatcombine with a genetic vulnerability leading toautism. They also theorize that autism-triggeringchemicals in the upper atmosphere fall toearth with rainfall or that increased rainfallpromotes weed and insect population growth,prompting the use of pesticides, which somestudies suggest may trigger autism.

Unzipping Single DNA Molecules

Michelle D. Wang, Physics,John T. Lis, MolecularBiology and Genetics, andresearch colleagues gained

new insight into how genes are packed andexpressed within cells. By unzipping each DNAdouble helix through a nucleosome using anoptical trap—a technique developed in Wang’slab—they unwrapped strands of DNA from theirhistone cores, observing with near–base pair

accuracy the interactions that took place alongthe way. In their search to understand whathappens during the unwrapping process, theresearchers have performed the first direct, pre-cise measurements of histone-DNA interactions.

Calories and The Joy of Cooking

Brian C. Wansink, AppliedEconomics and Management,and his research teamexamined 18 recipes pub-

lished continuously since 1936 in The Joy ofCooking, discovering that the average caloriesper serving increased by 63 percent. Theaverage number of calories per recipe in 1936,when the cookbook was first published, was2,124—about 268 calories per serving. By 2006,the average number of calories per recipe was3,052—about 436 calories per serving. Therecipes ranged from macaroni and cheese,beef stroganoff, Spanish rice, and goulash tobrownies, sugar cookies, and apple pie. Theresearchers attribute the calorie increases tochanges in serving size and in ingredients—usually increases in fat and sugar.

From Cornell Dots to Nanolaser

Ulrich B. Wiesner, MaterialsScience and Engineering,and research colleaguesmodified nanoparticles

known as Cornell dots to make the world’ssmallest laser reported to date, and the firstoperating in visible light wavelengths. Thedevice could be incorporated into microchipsto serve as a light source for photonic circuitsand may also have applications in sensors,solar collectors, and biomedicine. Usingnanoparticles 44 nanometers wide, the deviceholds significant promise for future technologiesrequiring miniaturization.

Cornell Center for Materials Research 7th Microscopy Image Contest Winner in the First Place Category:Postdoc Jingguo Shen, Kaust-Cornell Center for Energy and Sustainability. Image: Polymer nanoparticles showing“cross-linking” cores. Instrument: TEM:FEI12 (materials). Advisor: Lynden A. Archer, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering.

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

College of Architecture, Art, and Planning

College of Arts and Sciences

College of Engineering

College of Human Ecology

College of Veterinary Medicine

Division of Nutritional Sciences

Faculty of Computing and Information Science

Graduate School

Johnson Graduate School of Management

Law School

School of Continuing Education and Summer Sessions

School of Hotel Administration

School of Industrial and Labor Relations

Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical

Sciences (New York City)

Weill Cornell Medical College (New York City)

Cornell’s Collegesand Divisions

JasonKoski/CU

THE REPORT

The GI Bill: The New Deal for Veterans(OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Glenn C. Altschuler, American Studies,and Stuart M. Blumin, History (emeritus)

The authors tell the story of the G.I. Bill and itsimpact on American life. They show how an unlikelycoalition emerged to shape and pass the bill, bring-ing together New Deal Democrats and conservativeswho had opposed Roosevelt's social-welfare agenda.The bill provided for job training, unemploymentcompensation, housing loans, and tuition assistance,

allowing millions of Americans social mobility. The results included atransformation of the modern university.

Mars 3-D: A Rover’s Eye View of theRed Planet (STERLING, 2008)

by James F. Bell, Astronomy

The book showcases 120 intriguing 3-D and colorimages of Mars shot by the two robotic geologists,Spirit and Opportunity, that have been roaming theRed Planet since 2004. Rocks, craters, valleys, andother geologic configurations that define the terrainof Mars bring us as close as we can currently get tosetting foot on the planet. The text—compelling andaccessible—reveals the thrill of each discovery.

Blume and Steiker’s Death Penalty Stories(FOUNDATION PRESS, 2009)

by John H. Blume, Law, (with Jordon M. Steiker)

The authors give detailed accounts of the mostimportant capital cases in American law. They pres-ent comprehensive coverage of the canonical cases,such as Furman v. Georgia, Gregg v. Georgia, Penryv. Lynaugh, and others, along with in-depth analy-sis of cases involving core death penalty issues,including representation, protections for the inno-cent, and execution methods.

The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics(PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2008)

by Lawrence E. Blume, ed., Economics,(with Steven Durlauf)

This 7,680-page, eight-volume work, and its newonline version, is the first revision of this standardwork in 21 years. It has 1,850 articles by more than1,500 eminent economists, including 25 Nobel Prizewinners. The work is the leading reference in the field.

The Encompassing City: Streetscapesin Early Modern Art and Culture(MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2008)

by Stuart M. Blumin, History (emeritus)

Blumin examines the history of the streetscape—theview of a city’s streets, squares, canals, buildings,and people—a new artistic genre that emerged inthe early modern era. He traces earlier forms ofurban representation in European art into the growthof the streetscape genre in Italy and the LowCountries during the middle years of the seven-

teenth century. He explores the genre through the eighteenth century,including its appeal to such artists as Canaletto, Bernardo Bellotto,Francesco Guardi, and Giovanni Battista Pirannesi.

Rural Retirement Migration (SPRINGER, 2008)

by David L. Brown and Nina Glasgow,Development Sociology

This book examines the challenges and opportunitiespresented by migration at older ages both for suc-cessful aging and for community development in theUnited States. Brown and Glasgow pay particularattention to the process by which older in-migrantsbecome socially integrated into their new communities.They conclude that retirees or older people—sometimescalled “grey gold”—who move to rural areas often

have a positive impact on local economies, but can also have negativeeffects, such as driving up housing prices.

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Selected Books byCornell Faculty

RobertBarker/CU

THE REPORT

Left of Karl Marx: The Political Lifeof Black Communist Claudia Jones(DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2008)

by Carole Boyce Davies, Africana Studiesand Research Center

Davies examines the activism, writing, and legacy ofClaudia Jones (1915–64), an Afro-Caribbean radicalintellectual and dedicated communist whose activismexpanded Marxism-Leninism to incorporate genderand race. Jones was born in Trinidad, lived in NewYork for 30 years, and was deported and given

asylum by Great Britain after the United States prosecuted her as acommunist. Exploring the FBI files on Jones, the author contraststheir record of her life with Jones’ own narration. Jones is buried inLondon’s Highgate Cemetery to the left of Karl Marx. The book wonthe 2008 Letitia Woods Brown Book Award.

The Mathematics of Sex: How Biology andSociety Conspire to Limit Talented Womenand Girls (OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Stephen J. Ceci and Wendy M. Williams,Human Development

The authors propose three key explanations for thelack of women in math-intensive careers—innateability, social and cultural biases, and women’sinterests. Examining research in endocrinology,economics, sociology, education, genetics, andpsychology, they conclude that the imbalance of

women in math-oriented fields is due to choices women are compelledto make in our society, and not to sex differences in mathematicaland spatial ability or current biases.

Computing the Mind: How the Mind Works(OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2008)

by Shimon J. Edelman, Psychology

Edelman presents a computational account of theentire spectrum of cognitive phenomena that con-stitutes the mind, beginning with sentience. Heidentifies computation as the common denominatorin the emerging answers to questions such as these:What does it mean to be a mind? How is the mind

related to the brain? How are minds shaped by their embodiment andenvironment? What are the principles behind cognitive functions suchas perception, memory, language, thought, and consciousness? Thebook is accessible, yet unified and rigorous, and supported by evi-dence ranging from neurobiology to computer science.

Educating Scholars: Doctoral Education inthe Humanities (PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Industrial and LaborRelations, (with Harriet Zuckerman, Jeffrey A.Groen, and Sharon M. Brucker)

In 1991 the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation launchedthe Graduate Education Initiative (GEI), the largesteffort ever undertaken to improve doctoral programsin the humanities and related social sciences. Thisbook reports on GEI’s success in reducing attritionand time to degree, the positive changes implement-ed by specific graduate programs, and the manychallenges still to be addressed. This is the only

book to focus exclusively on the current state of doctoral educationin the humanities.

Funny Words in Plautine Comedy(OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Michael S. Fontaine, Classics

This examination of the comedies of Plautus, Rome’searliest extant poet, acclaimed by ancient critics forhis mastery of language and jokes, shows that manyof Plautus’ jokes and puns were misunderstood inantiquity, and that with them the names and identitiesof familiar characters were misconceived. Fontainealso explores Plautine language, style, psychology,coherence of characterization, and irony.

Washed with Sun: Landscapeand the Making of White South Africa(UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PRESS, 2008)

by Jeremy Foster, Landscape Architecture

Foster explores how the influence of painting, travelwriting, photography, and architecture helped toconstruct white national identity in early twentiethcentury South Africa. He examines how the construc-tion of a shared, romanticized landscape perceivedas inseparable from “being South African,” helpedforge the imagined community of white South Africa.

This multidisciplinary study connects South Africa’s defining nationalcharacteristics—political turmoil and natural beauty—to achieve aninnovative history.

The Economic Naturalist’s Field Guide:Common Sense Principles for TroubledTimes (BASIC BOOKS, 2009)

by Robert H. Frank, Johnson Graduate Schoolof Management

In this compilation of essays previously published inthe New York Times, now thematically grouped, theauthor discusses large-scale policy decisions on reg-ulation, tax policy, and health care, as well as personaldecisions on paying for food and gasoline and even

how we choose to love. When confronted with economic choices—andalmost every choice people make is economic—self-interest alone doesnot explain our decisions. The author suggests that context shapesevery decision, consistent with human weaknesses, as put forth by

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models of the emerging field of behavioral economics. The bookpresents revealing insights about our pocketbooks, policies, andpersonal happiness.

The Nightingales of Troy (NORTON, 2008)

by Alice Fulton, English

Fulton’s first work of fiction, a collection of 10linked short stories, tracks the lives of four genera-tions of women from Troy, New York. The first storyin the collection, “Queen Wintergreen,” set in 1908,was inspired by the search to know her great grand-mother. Subsequent stories are spaced a decadeapart. “In Happy Dust” is about a young motherwith a wasting disease and about to give birth, whofinds relief in a mysterious potion given to her by

a fallen nun. In “The Real Eleanor Rigby,” a girl infatuated with theBeatles and Herman Melville resolves to give the Beatles a first editionof Typee, but is upstaged by her domineering mother. Reviewersdescribe the collection as scintillating, surprising, pleasurable, andstealthily affecting.

The Norton Anthology of Drama (NORTON, 2008)

by J. Ellen Gainor, ed., Theatre, Film, and Dance,(with Stanton Garner and Martin Puchner)

This is the first major drama anthology in the Nortonseries. It contains 65 plays, some unavailable in anyother drama anthology, by ancient Greek to leadingcontemporary playwrights. The two-volume work is acomprehensive collection, with each volume providinga 50-page critical introduction for students andgeneral readers, annotated play texts, informativehead notes that introduce each play, and illustrations.

Through a Classical Eye: Transcultural andTranshistorical Visions in Medieval English,Italian, and Latin Literature in Honour ofWinthrop Wetherbee(UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS, 2009)

by Andrew S. Galloway, ed., English,(with R. F. Yeager)

This collection of essays demonstrates strategies forstudying transcultural and transhistorical works ofthe late medieval period and examines the overlapof medieval literature and culture in English, Italian,

and Latin sources. Winthrop Wetherbee, who the collection honors,made groundbreaking contributions to this area of study. Providingkey insight into medieval literature and culture, the book advancesWetherbee’s legacy and the field of medieval literary studies.

Senescence: Processes in Plants (WILEY, 2007)

by Susheng Gan, ed., Horticulture

The book summarizes recent progress in the physiology,biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology,genomics, proteomics, and biotechnology of plantsenescence, which has a tremendous impact on agri-culture. For example, leaf senescence limits crop yieldand biomass production and contributes substantiallyto postharvest loss in vegetable and ornamentalcrops during transportation and on store shelves.The volume begins with a chapter on terminology

and current knowledge of mitotic senescence in plants; later chaptersexamine the development of new biotechnologies for manipulatingthe senescence processes of fruit and leaves.

Criminal Law Conversations(OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Stephen P. Garvey, ed., Law, (with PaulRobinson and Kimberly Ferzan)

This authoritative overview of contemporary criminallaw debates in the United States is a collection ofscholarly papers assembled using an innovative,interactive method of nominations and commentaryby the nation’s top legal scholars. Every leadingscholar in the field participated. The book provides

insight into the most fundamental and provocative questions in moderncriminal law.

American Juries: The Verdict (PROMETHEUS, 2007)

by Valerie Hans, Law, (with Neil Vidmar)

The authors have produced a comprehensive workthat reviews more than 50 years of empiricalresearch on civil and criminal juries. Placing thejury system in its historical and contemporary con-texts, the authors give the stories behind importanttrials and answer critical questions: How do juriesmake decisions? What roles do jury consultants playin influencing trial outcomes? Can juries understand

complex expert testimony? The researchers conclude that, for themost part, the jury system works.

The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and EthnicDisparities Persist (RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION, 2008)

by David R. Harris, ed., Sociology(with Ann Chih Lin)

The editors present a collection of articles by a mul-tidisciplinary group of 15 prominent scholars thatexplore why racial and ethnic differences continue tolead to socioeconomic disadvantage. The analysisuncovers a series of complex mechanisms that connectpoverty and race. Articles are categorized under three

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topics: group identity and group outcomes; nonracial explanations forracial disparities in poverty; and policy, race, and poverty.

Biocultural Diversity and Indigenous Waysof Knowing: Human Ecology in the Arctic(UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY PRESS, 2009)

by Karim-Aly S. Kassam, Natural Resources

The peoples of the circumpolar arctic figureprominently in issues of biological diversity of lifeand human cultural diversity. In this empirical andtheoretical work, Kassam traces the synthesisbetween culture and biology, using human ecologyas a conceptual and analytical framework. He usesthree case studies illustrating how subsistence hunting

and gathering remain essential to both cultural diversity and humansurvival—research done in partnership with indigenous northern com-munities. The book covers climate change, indigenous knowledge, andthe impact of natural resource extraction.

Civilizations in World Politics: Plural andPluralist Perspectives (ROUTLEDGE, 2009)

by Peter J. Katzenstein, ed., Government

The book examines the cultural dimension ofinternational politics, providing an account of therelevance of cultural categories for analyzing worldpolitics. The existence of plural and pluralist civi-lizations is reflected in transcivilizational engagements,intercivilizational encounters, and occasionally incivilizational clashes. The book consists of sixcase studies by experts in their fields. It combines

contemporary and historical perspectives, while addressing the civi-lizational politics of America, Europe, China, Japan, India, and theIslamic Middle East.

History and Its Limits: Human, Animal,Violence (CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Dominick C. LaCapra, History/ComparativeLiterature

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THE REPORT

JasonKoski/CU

THE REPORT

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LaCapra examines the relations among intellectualhistory, cultural history, and critical theory, as heinvestigates the recent rise of “practice theory” andprobes the limitations of prevailing forms of humanismand anthropocentrism. He focuses on understandingevents and experiences involving violence and vic-timization, and explores how historians treat and aresimultaneously implicated in the traumatic processes

they attempt to represent. The book also investigates violence’s impacton various types of writing, establishes a distinctive role for critical theory,and questions the long-standing quest for a decisive criterion separatingthe human from the animal.

Judicial Transformations: The RightsRevolution in the Courts of Europe(OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Mitchel Lasser, Law

Lasser tells the story of the rights revolution—anexplosion of fundamental rights in all areas of law—in Europe. The book, grounded in comparative law andpolitical science, provides an important contributionto understanding the current dynamics of Europeanjudiciaries and the extent of the impact of transna-tional law on domestic legal culture.

Castle: A Novel (GRAYWOLF PRESS, 2009)

by J. Robert Lennon, English

Lennon’s novel about memory, guilt, power, andviolence involves a former resident, Eric Loesch,returning to a rural New York town in the winter of2006. Loesch buys 612 acres in upstate New York,with a dilapidated house. As he begins to renovatethe run-down house, he explores the surroundingacreage and discovers a piece of land in the middleof his woods that he does not own. The title to thisproperty has the owner’s name blacked out. Thus

begins what has been described as a riveting novel, a psychologicalthriller—chilling, shocking, and terrifying.

America’s Cold War: The Politics ofInsecurity (HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Fredrik Logevall, History,(with Campbell Craig)

In this new interpretation of America’s Cold War,the authors reexamine its successes and failures.Described as a “creative, carefully researched, andincisive analysis of U.S. strategy,” the book scruti-nizes the continuation of the Cold War long after thecontainment of the USSR and asks how this criticalphase in international politics began and ended.

Truth Machine: The Contentious History of DNAFingerprinting (UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, 2008)

by Michael E. Lynch, Science and TechnologyStudies, (with Simon A. Cole, Ruth McNally, andKathleen Jordan)

The authors trace the controversial history of DNAfingerprinting—the proclaimed truth machine that

can overturn convictions based on eyewitness testimony, confessions,and other forensic evidence—by examining court cases in the UnitedStates and United Kingdom from the mid-1980s, when the practicewas developed, to the present. They use interviews, observations ofcourtroom trials and laboratory processes, and documentary recon-struction to provide an original ethnographic account of DNA finger-printing, also known as DNA profiling, and its evolution. The authorsconclude that DNA profiling is not foolproof criminal evidence.

Color: Essays on Race, Family, and History(UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME PRESS, 2009)

by Kenneth A. McClane, English

In this autobiographical collection of interconnectedessays, McClane explores race and life as an AfricanAmerican. He recollects Martin Luther King’s visit tohis family’s cottage in Martha’s Vineyard, his experi-ence as the first black student at a prestigious collegeprep school, his mother’s journey to change her racialdesignation on her birth certificate, his father’s questto gain admission to medical school in the 1930s, his

parents’ decline due to Alzheimer’s, and other memories. The book isdescribed as beautifully written, graceful, and insightful.

October Crossing (BROADSTONE BOOKS, 2009)

by Robert R. Morgan, English

This collection of poetry continues Morgan’s explo-ration and celebration of the culture and curiosities ofAppalachia. Reviewers describe the collection as fullof “delightful lore” and “exciting, precise knowledgeof country things” from the Southern mountains.

Digital Baroque: New Media Art andCinematic Folds(UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA PRESS, 2008)

by Timothy C. Murray, English

Murray explores the relationship between digital, inthe form of new media art, and baroque, a highlydeveloped early modern philosophy of art. He makesan unexpected connection between the old and thenew, as he analyzes the philosophical paradigms thatinform contemporary screen arts. Murray reflects on

the rhetorical, emotive, and social forces inherent in the screen arts’dialogue with early modern concepts in a range of art forms, such as

digitally oriented films, video installations, and interactive media. Thebook is described as a work of “tremendous originality.”

Defending Humanity: When Force IsJustified and Why (OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2008)

by Jens David Ohlin, Law, (with George P. Fletcher)

When is war justified? The authors present aninnovative theory on the legality of war, with clearguidelines for evaluating interventions. Theyexplore self-defense and preemptive war and trace apersistent misunderstanding of the article in theCharter of the United Nations regarding militaryforce—allowed when authorized by the SecurityCouncil or in self-defense. Chapters in the book

include analyses of aggressive war, humanitarian intervention, and the“Bush Doctrine” of preventive war.

Economic Crises and the Breakdown ofAuthoritarian Regimes: Indonesia andMalaysia in Comparative Perspective(CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Thomas B. Pepinsky, Government

Pepinsky uses the experiences of Indonesia andMalaysia and the analytical tools of open economymacroeconomics to answer the question: Why dosome authoritarian regimes fall during financial crises,while others do not? He shows that differences incross-border asset specificity produce dramatically dif-

ferent outcomes in regimes facing financial crises. Reviews characterize thebook as “an outstanding piece of scholarship, with innovative theorizing.”

Living in a Material World: EconomicSociology Meets Science and TechnologyStudies (MIT PRESS, 2008)

by Trevor J. Pinch, Science and TechnologyStudies and Richard Swedberg, Sociology, (eds.)

This book links economic sociology to science andtechnology studies via materiality, suggestingmateriality—the idea that social existence involvesnot only actors and social relations, but also objects—as the theoretical point of convergence. The collection

of essays includes topics, such as the materiality of the household in eco-nomic history, the stock ticker, the effect of e-commerce on consumption,and the reputation economy represented by online product reviews.

Muhammad Is Not the Father of Any of YourMen: The Making of the Last Prophet(UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS, 2009)

by David S. Powers, Near Eastern Studies

The Islamic claim to supersede Judaism andChristianity is embodied in the theological assertionthat the office of prophecy is hereditary, but thatthe line of descent ends with Muhammad, who isthe seal, or last, of the prophets. Exploring histori-cal, theological, and familial aspects of Muhammadand the Qur’an and early Islam, Powers contendsthat a series of radical moves were made in the first

two centuries of Islamic history to ensure Muhammad's position asthe last prophet.

Body against Soul: Gender and ‘Sowlehele’in Middle English Allegory (OHIO STATE PRESS, 2009)

by Masha Raskolnikov, English

Body versus soul was a frequent debate in medievalallegory. According to Raskolnikov, these debateswere a way of thinking about psychology, gender,and power in the Middle Ages. Works of sowlehele(“soul-heal”), which were neither theological normedical, described the self to itself in everyday lan-guage, much like today’s self-help writing. The authorconnects contemporary feminism, queer theory, and

medieval psychology as she examines Piers Plowman, the thirteenth-century Katherine Group of texts praising virginity, and the history ofpsychological allegory and debate.

The Care of the Dead in Late Antiquity(CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Éric Rebillard, Classics

Scholars of early Christianity have argued that theChurch owned and operated burial grounds forChristians as early as the third century. Rebillardchallenges these and other long-held assumptionsabout early Christian burial customs. Exploring pri-mary sources such as legal codes, theological works,epigraphical inscriptions, and sermons, Rebillardfinds little evidence that early Christians occupied

exclusive or isolated burial grounds. The book brings a new perspectiveto the role of the Church during late antiquity.

Thucydides (OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Jeffrey S. Rusten, ed., Classics

Thucydides gave us the first great work of politicalhistory—a perpetually fundamental text for politicalscience and international relations—with his magisterialaccount of the war between Athens and Sparta. Inthis collection of essays, Rusten brings togetherclassic and influential studies of Thucydides that arefrequently cited but not always accessible. The col-lection’s aim is to accompany, instruct, andstimulate modern readers of Thucydides.

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Sublime Artist’s Studio(NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Gavriel Shapiro, Russian

Shapiro presents an in-depth and detailed study ofthe relationship of the visual arts to the work ofVladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov, who aspired tobecome a landscape artist in his youth. He examines

Nabokov’s literary legacy of poetry, short prose, novels, plays, memoirs,lectures, essays, interviews, and letters to reveal the function of landscapein the author’s writings, Nabokov’s lifelong fascination with the OldMasters, and his relationship to contemporary artists. The book offersa new approach to the study of Nabokov.

In Defense of Reading: Teaching Literaturein the Twenty-First Century (WILEY, 2008)

by Daniel R. Schwarz, English

Schwarz probes why we read, how we read, andwhat we learn from reading literature. Employinghis 40 years of teaching experience, he explores thelife of the mind, the rewards of committed teaching,and the relationship between teaching and scholar-ship in the contemporary university, as well asissues and problems in today’s university. The bookalso features insightful and important readings of

texts by Joyce, Woolf, Conrad, Forster, Gordimer, and many others.

Integration of Insect-Resistant GeneticallyModified Crops within IPM Programs(SPRINGER, 2008)

by Anthony Shelton, ed., Entomology (with JörgRomeis and George G. Kennedy)

With chapters on recent research and on social,political, and economic issues that surround geneti-cally modified (GM) crops, this book aims to contributeto a more rational debate on the role that GM tech-nology can play in integrated pest management(IPM) for food and fiber production. Providing an

overview of insect-resistant GM plants—including corn, cotton, rice,eggplant, cabbage, and cauliflower—in different crop systems world-wide, the work reveals the importance of GM crops to an IPM systemfor sustainable farming.

The Religious Left and Church-StateRelations (PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Steven H. Shiffrin, Law

Shiffrin examines constitutional law and politicaldiscourse on a broad range of issues related tochurch-state relations. Shiffrin argues that thereligious left—not the secular left—is best equippedto lead the battle against the religious right on

questions of church and state in America today. He covers topics such asschool vouchers, the teaching of evolution in public schools, religioussymbols in government, the pledge of allegiance, and state funding ofreligious institutions. Shiffrin maintains that a strict separation betweenreligion and the state benefits both religion and government.

Party over Section: The Rough and ReadyPresidential Election of 1848 (UNIVERSITY PRESS

OF KANSAS, 2009)

by Joel H. Silbey, History (emeritus)

Silbey examines the presidential campaign of 1848: athree-way race, with the new Free Soil Party challeng-ing the Whigs and Democrats. The campaign capped adecade of political turmoil, raising the issue of slaveryto unprecedented prominence. The book describes thetumultuous events of the election and explains theoutcome, which put war hero and Whig Party candi-

date Zachary Taylor in office. The book concludes that, although Taylorwould serve for just 16 months, 1848 nonetheless stands as an importantharbinger of political change to come.

The Integrity Dividend: Leading by thePower of Your Word (JOSSEY-BASS, 2008)

by Tony L. Simons, Hotel Administration

Simons shows how leaders’ personal integritydrives the profitability and overall success of theirorganizations. Based on his research, he reveals thatbusinesses led by managers of higher integrity havedeeper employee commitment, lower turnover, superiorcustomer service, and substantially higher profitability.This improved performance is the “integrity dividend.”The book presents the research and offers tools to

help managers achieve the integrity dividend.

Photos: Robert Barker/CU; CU; Frank DiMeo; Lindsay France/CU; Jason Koski/CU; University Photography / 22

LindsayFrance/CU

THE REPORT

23 / Collaborative Approach. World-Class Facilities. Photos: Robert Barker/CU; CU; Jason Koski/CU; William Staffeld; University Photography; Provided

The Spartacus War (SIMON AND SCHUSTER, 2009)

by Barry S. Strauss, History

This dramatic account of the most famous slaverebellion in the ancient world is the result of yearsof research. The book is based on written documents,archaeological evidence, historical reconstruction,and the author's extensive travels in the Italiancountryside that Spartacus once conquered. It revealsnew evidence on the slave rebellion, the rebels’ tactics,and their ultimate defeat. Reviewers describe the book

as “a page-turner and an eye-opener,” challenging the myths surroundingSpartacus, who has been immortalized in literature and films.

The Calculus of Friendship: What a Teacherand a Student Learned about Life whileCorresponding about Math(PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Steven H. Strogatz, Mechanical and AerospaceEngineering

This book tells the story of the connection betweena high-school calculus teacher and his star student—Strogratz himself—as chronicled through more than30 years of letters. The relationship between the twois unique, because it is based almost entirely on

their shared love of calculus. Calculus for them is a game they enjoyplaying together, as well as a constant when all else is in flux.

Southeast Asia and the Middle East:Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée(STANDFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Eric Tagliacozzo, ed., History

Tagliacozzo assesses the significance of the morethan 700-year connection between Southeast Asiaand the Middle East, as he explores the political,economic, familial, educational, and religiousbonds of these areas, both historically and in thecontemporary world. Called a timely book with a“breath-taking scope,” it shows how interactions

between the two regions have shaped their character and will continueto influence political and economic relations, migration patterns,dissemination of knowledge, and Islamic militancy.

Developing Countries in the WTO LegalSystem (OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009)

by Chantal Thomas, ed., Law, (with Joel P.Trachtman)

A comprehensive volume on the position of developing countries withinthe World Trade Organization (WTO) system, Thomas’ work reflects onthe groundbreaking book, Developing Countries in the GATT LegalSystem, by Robert E. Hudec, which argued against preferential and

nonreciprocal treatment for developing countries.The author, with contributions from leading expertsin international trade, law, and economics, evaluatesdeveloping countries in the WTO, examines marketaccess and competition law, and discusses the coun-tries’ special arrangements with international financialinstitutions.

Open Interval (UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PRESS, 2009)

by Lyrae Van Clief-Stefanon, English

This collection of poetry uses the intersections ofastronomy and mathematics, history, literature, andlived experience as a framework. The book wasnominated for a 2009 National Book Award andnamed a finalist for the 2009 Los Angeles TimesBook Prize in Poetry.

Sojourner Truth’s America(UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS, 2009)

by Margaret Washington, History

This biography of nineteenth-century activistSojourner Truth separates fact from myth and bringsinto view the realities and scope of African Americanslavery and America’s most significant reform era. Thebook examines the dynamics of Truth’s times, Truth’searly life as a slave, and her ascent as a charismaticpreacher and political orator despite her inability toread and write. Washington delivers meaningful

insights into the turbulent cultural and political climate of this periodin American history. The book has been honored as the winner of theinaugural 2010 OAH Darlene Clark Hine Award and co-winner of the2009 Letitia Woods Brown Memorial Book Award.

Beyond the Architect’s Eye: Photographsand the American Built Environment(UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS, 2009)

by Mary N. Woods, Architecture, Art, and Planning

Woods explores how amateur and professionalphotographers used the camera to record architecturalstructures of a diverse American landscape—NewYork City, Miami, the rural South—before World WarII. The work reflects a time when the differencesbetween rural and urban man-made landscapes and

these regions’ associated cultural shifts increased, in step with massiveindustrialization in U.S. cities. Woods considers the work of AlfredStieglitz, Frances Benjamin Johnston, Marion Post Walcott, BereniceAbbott, Helen Levitt, Alice Austen, Eudora Welty, Walker Evans, andothers. The book melds histories of American art, cities, and architecturewith visual studies of landscape, photography, and cultural geography.

THE REPORT

CC

MR

/Naom

eB

irbach

155AWARDS

$111.5 MTOTAL DOLLARS

208*

TOTAL JOBS CREATED/RETAINED

CORNELL, ITHACA CAMPUS

92AWARDS

$40.9 MTOTAL DOLLARS

99.29*

TOTAL JOBS CREATED/RETAINED

WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE

Since the American Recovery andReinvestment Act (ARRA)—also knownas the economic stimulus package—wasenacted in February 2009, Cornell hasreceived funding for an array of projects,from research on tuberculosis to energy.Cornell’s ARRA-supported research will notonly lead to innovations and discoveries,but also create and retain jobs, upgraderesearch facilities and equipment, andtrain graduate students—and therebycontribute to economic growth.

$17.5 million to establish theEnergy Materials Center, directedby Hector D. Abruña, Chemistryand Chemical Biology, to concen-trate on energy materials—fuel cells,batteries, solar photovolataics,and catalysts—boosting energyresearch and jobs;

$937,000 to Gerald Feigenson,Molecular Biology and Genetics,for studying cholesterol in cellmembranes;

$1.5 million to Shu-Bing Qian,Nutritional Sciences, to study theaccumulation of misfolded pro-teins in cells, a leading cause ofneurodegenerative disorders andother human disease;

$19 million to support the CornellHigh Energy Synchrotron Source(CHESS) and the planned EnergyRecovery Linac;

$600,000 to David G. Russell,Microbiology and Immunology,to study how the bacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosis sur-vives inside human cells and feedsoff lipids, leading to the develop-ment of tuberculosis therapies;

$2.3 million to fund the disserta-tion research of 95 PhD studentsin 30 different disciplines;

$750,000 to Olena K. Vatamaniuk,Crop and Soil Sciences, to deter-mine how a gene (HMT-1) worksto allow humans to detoxifyheavy metal exposure, using theworm C. elegans as a model;

$633,000 to help a Cornellinterdisciplinary group createtiny 3-D models of tumors tohelp researchers understand howtumors create blood vessels thatfacilitate tumor growth.

/ 24

ARRA Projects Include

As of August 2010

* Full-time equivalents

ARRA FUNDS

ARRA’s Impact

FrankDiMeo

More Notables

Cornell’s Applied and EngineeringPhysics Program was ranked numberone among its peers for the fourthconsecutive year, according to U.S.News and World Report's 2009 collegerankings.

The arXiv (pronounced “archive”)—an online repository for electronicpreprints of scientific papers inphysics and related fields, hosted byCornell University Library—achieveda new milestone with half a millione-print postings in 2008, reinforcingits place in the scientific communityas a primary daily source of informa-tion. The project received an $883,000ARRA grant at the end of 2009 totransform the database into a placewhere users and resources can “talkto each other.”

Cornell’s new SocialScience Gateway toTeraGrid, NSF’s nationalsupercomputing infra-

structure, delivers access to vastsocial sciences data on people, jobs,and firms—right to Cornell researchers’workstations. This research tool wascreated at Cornell and funded by a

2009 NSF grant. John M. Abowd,Industrial and Labor Relations, isprincipal investigator.

Arecibo Radio Telescopeidentified a massive,fast-spinning binarypulsar with a mysterious

elongated orbit, which has challengedaccepted views of binary pulsar for-mation and provided new opportunitiesfor scientists to study the fundamentalproperties of highly dense matter.

Cornell’s NanoScale Science andTechnology Facility opened a satel-lite office housed at the Institute forComputational Biomedicine at WeillCornell Medical College, providing acloser link to nanotechnology capa-bilities for medical researchers.

At Cornell High EnergySynchrotron Source, sci-entists uncovered a lostartwork using a confocalx-ray fluorescence tech-nique developed at thecenter. American artist

N. C. Wyeth recycled an earlier canvasby painting “Family Portrait” (1924)

over his 1919 magazine illustrationof two men in a brawl.

The Institute forComputationalSustainability waslaunched in 2008 with

an NSF award of $10 million. Bringingtogether computer scientists, appliedmathematicians, economists, biologists,and environmental scientists fromCornell and five other academicinstitutions and organizations, theinstitute applies computer science toproblems in managing and allocatingnatural resources. Carla P. Gomes,Computing and Information Science,is principal investigator.

The Cornell Population Centerreceived a $1.15 million grant fromNIH to expand its capacity to conductnational and international demo-graphic research focusing on familiesand children, health behaviors anddisparities, and poverty and inequality.

Wendy M. Williams and Stephen J.Ceci, Human Development, received$1.4 million over four years toestablish the Cornell Institute for

Women in Science, aimed at assessingand reducing gender bias in recruit-ment, mentorship, and evaluation inscience, technology, engineering, andmath fields.

Making ElectoralDemocracy Work, aninternational collaborativeresearch project, funded

with $2.5 million (Canadian) by theSocial Sciences and HumanitiesResearch Council of Canada, isstudying how electoral rules influencethe strategies of political parties andthe choices voters make by examining27 past elections in Canada, France,Germany, Spain, and Switzerland.The project is co-led by Cornell’sChristopher J. Anderson, Government.

For food safety research,the USDA awarded $1.67million to Randy W.Worobo, Food Science

and Technology, Geneva, and MartinWeidmann, Food Science. Theresearchers are studying preventivemethods of keeping food-bornepathogens from contaminating fruitsand vegetables during all phases of

Photos: Christina Bisulca, University of Delaware; Brandywine River Museum; CU; Ronnie Coffman; Lindsay France/CU; Jason Koski/CU; Joe Ogrodnick/NYSAES; Bill Saxton, NRAO/AUI/NSF; University Photography

THE REPORT

production—growing, processing,transport, and preparation.

The first large-scale study on nursinghome violence, led by Mark S. Lachs,Medicine, WCMC, and Karl A.Pillemer, Human Development,received a four-year, $2.5 millionNIH grant to focus on prevalence,risk factors, and physical and psy-chological consequences of verbaland physical aggression amongnursing home residents.

To explore why wesleep, Joseph R. Fetcho,Neurobiology andBehavior, received a

$2.5 million award from NIH.

Alexander J. Travis,Baker Institute forAnimal Health, receivedan NIH award of $2.5

million to develop tiny biomachinesfor drug delivery that use thestrategy of a sperm’s tail to drivethe locomotion.

To model the internet in a newway, three Cornell researchers—Eric

J. Friedman, Operations Researchand Information Engineering,Steven H. Strogatz, Mechanicaland Aerospace Engineering, andAo Tang, Electrical and ComputerEngineering—received a $1.5 millionNSF grant. Their team is creatingcomputer models of large networksthat recognize small details, usingtest cases in controlling Internetcongestion and creating incentivesfor fair distribution of resources inpeer-to-peer networks.

The Tisch UniversityProfessorships wereestablished with a giftof $35 million from

Andrew and Ann Tisch, allowingCornell to honor and retain currentfaculty members and recruit themost talented young scholars andresearchers from around the world.

Cornell received a five-year, $3.2 million grantfrom the NSF’sIntegrative Graduate

Education and Research Training(IGERT) program to establish theGraduate Traineeship in Materials

for a Sustainable Future, whichallows 30 graduate students to workin the Cornell Center for MaterialsResearch on developing materialsto advance sustainable living. PaulChirik, Chemistry and ChemicalBiology, is principal investigator.

To train graduatestudents in foodsystems and poverty,Cornell received a five-

year, $3.2 million IGERT grant fromthe NSF to support 25 PhD studentsfor two years each. The studentsare exposed to different disciplinaryapproaches to crucial problems,such as water shortages, climatechange and vulnerability to foodsystems, soil degradation, pests anddiseases, and food supply chains.Christopher Barrett, AppliedEconomics and Management, isprincipal investigator.

William M. Trochim, Policy Analysisand Management, received an NSFgrant for $2.3 million to develop aweb-based system that will helpevaluate science-based educationprograms.

Cornell was awarded$26.8 million from theBill and Melinda GatesFoundation to launch a

broad-based global partnership tofight wheat rust, a deadly diseasethat threatens global food security.Ronnie Coffman, Plant Breedingand Genetics, is project director.

The Center on theMicroenvironmentand Metastasis wasestablished with a $13

million NCI grant over five years.This collaboration of the Ithacacampus of Cornell, Weill CornellMedical College, and the StateUniversity of New York at Buffalowill focus on using nanotechnologyto advance cancer research. MichaelL. Shuler is the center’s director.

RobertBarker/CU

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICALSOCIETY

Benedict R. AndersonGovernment

Peter J. KatzensteinGovernment

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTSAND SCIENCES

Barbara A. BairdChemistry and ChemicalBiology

John M. GuckenheimerMathematics

George P. HessMolecular Biology and Genetics

Carol L. KrumhanslPsychology

G. Peter LepagePhysics

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

John E. HopcroftComputer Science

Eric D. SiggiaPhysics

NATIONAL ACADEMY OFENGINEERING

Jon M. KleinbergComputer Science

HOWARD HUGHES MEDICALINSTITUTE INVESTIGATOR

Michelle D. WangPhysics

PRESIDENTIAL EARLY CAREERAWARD FOR SCIENTISTS ANDENGINEERS

Jiwoong ParkChemistry and ChemicalBiology

Derek WarnerCivil and EnvironmentalEngineering

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONEARLY CAREER DEVELOPMENTPROGRAM

Largus AngenentBiological andEnvironmental Engineering

Rachel E. BeanAstronomy

Matthew K. BelmonteHuman Development

Daniel R. CosleyInformation Science

Peter J. DiamessisCivil and EnvironmentalEngineering

David EricksonMechanical and AerospaceEngineering

Lara A. EstroffMaterials Science andEngineering

Christine L. GoodaleEcology and EvolutionaryBiology

John T. HaleLinguistics

Michael R. KingBiomedical Engineering

Matthias U. LiepePhysics

Jiwoong ParkChemistry and Chemical Biology

Rafael N. PassComputer Science

Maxim PerelsteinPhysics

Paat RusmevichientongOperations Research andInformation Engineering

Faculty Honors & Distinctions

Photos: Robert Barker/CU; CU; Frank DiMeo; Lindsay France/CU; Jason Koski/CU; Provided

THE REPORT

Anders RydPhysics

Chris SchafferBiomedical Engineering

Kyle M. ShenPhysics

Abraham D. StroockChemical and MolecularEngineering

Gookwon Edward SuhElectrical and ComputerEngineering

Jeffrey D. VarnerChemical and BiomolecularEngineering

NATIONAL SCIENCEFOUNDATION CAREER AWARD

Scott BlanchardPhysiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell Medical College

GUGGENHEIM MEMORIALFOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP

Michael AshkinArt

ALFRED P. SLOAN FOUNDATIONFELLOWSHIP

Peng ChenChemistry and ChemicalBiology

Liam McAllisterPhysics

Adam C. SiepelBiological Statistics andComputational Biology

Matthias U. LiepePhysics

Robert D. KleinbergComputer Science

FULBRIGHT SCHOLARSHIP

Raymond R. GeddesPolicy Analysis andManagement

NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARDPUBLIC SERVICE AWARD

Roald HoffmannChemistry and ChemicalBiology

HUMBOLDT FOUNDATIONFRIEDRICH WILHELM BESSELRESEARCH AWARD

Paul ChirikChemistry and ChemicalBiology

THOMAS WOLFE PRIZE

Robert MorganEnglish

ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENTHUMAN RESOURCES EARLYCAREER ACHIEVEMENT AWARD

Bradford BellIndustrial and LaborRelations

ARMENIA’S MINISTRY OFSCIENCE AND EDUCATION GOLDMEDAL

Yervant TerzianAstronomy

AMERICAN ASTRONOMICALSOCIETY CARL SAGAN MEDAL

Steven W. SquyresAstronomy

UniversityPhotography

Three New Cornell Start-ups

Cornell Start-upsLaunched in New YorkState in 2009REPARO THERAPYReparo Therapy develops DNA repair-enhancingingredients and products for consumer andclinical use. The technology is based on a dis-covery at Weill Cornell Medical College of amechanism that improves the ability of cellsto repair DNA damage caused by UV orchemical carcinogens.

GENEWEAVE BIOSCIENCESGeneweave Biosciences develops rapid molec-ular diagnostic tests for infectious diseases.The invention is based on bacterial detectiontechnology from Cornell’s biomedical engi-neering and microbiology departments.

INFLORAInFlora is commercializing a collection ofunique woody ornamental plants, which arepopular for defining outdoor living spaces.The flowers are used in creative floralarrangements.

Fabrics with Super Powers

iFYBERiFyber customizes fabrics for use in military,medical, and technical settings by treatingthem with nanoparticles. The start-up companybegan in 2008 to bring to market this highlyviable technology that deposits nanocoatingson natural and synthetic fibers with nanoscaleprecision. The chemical process endows thefabric with properties, such as simultaneouswater and oil resistance, antimicrobial behavior,and electrical conductivity. The technology hasa wide range of potential applications, fromdetecting counterfeiting devices, explosives,and dangerous chemicals to serving asantibacterials for hospitals.

iFyber has received two Small BusinessInnovative Research grants from the U.S.Department of Defense to develop customfabrics using nanotechnology: a material thatcan detect and identify leaks in chemical war-fare suits used by the U.S. Air Force and anovel antibacterial fabric for wound dressingsand surgical sutures for the U.S. Navy.

The technology was developed by JuanHinestroza, Fiber Science and Apparel Design,with research associate Aaron Strickland,Food Science. iFyber was launched and fundedby KensaGroup, in collaboration with theCornell Center for Technology, Enterprise,and Commercialization.

Cornell Dots Light Up Tumors

HYBRID SILICA TECHNOLOGIESCornell dots—developed in 2005 in the labof Ulrich Wiesner, Materials Science andEngineering, and commercialized into a start-up,Hybrid Silica Technologies—have been proveneffective in showing surgeons where tumorsare located. Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center demonstrated that thebright fluorescent nanoparticles are biologicallysafe and can be efficiently excreted from thebody after completing the task of lighting uptumors. Work at Memorial Sloan-Ketteringalso demonstrated that the technology revealsthe extent of cell death and a tumor’s bloodvessels, treatment response, and invasive ormetastatic spread to lymph nodes and distantorgans. A single Cornell dot, also known asC dot, is approximately five nanometers indiameter and consists of several dye moleculesencased in a silica shell.

Refinement of C dots has continued in thelabs of Wiesner and Michelle Bradbury atMemorial Sloan-Kettering since the company’sfounding. C dots also have potential applica-tions in displays, optical computing, sensors,and DNA chips.

Photos: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Provided29 / Collaborative Approach. World-Class Facilities.

Transferring Technology

FrankDiMeo

THE REPORT

REVENUE FY 2009 FY 2008

Total $7,800 $9,553

Fees and Royalties 5,084 6,831

Reimbursements 2,671 2,703

Extraordinary Income* 45 18

* Includes nonrecurring income, such as sale of equity.Source: Cornell Center for Technology, Enterprise, and Commercialization (CCTEC)

222United States

FY 2009

251International

438PATENTS FILED

54FY 2009

101

148PATENTS ISSUED

77

FY 2008

71

155PATENTS ISSUED

FY 2008

473PATENTS FILED

199Inventions

34Plants

9Copyrights

242

IP DISCLOSURESFY 2009

289Inventions

66Plants

8Copyrights

363

IP DISCLOSURESFY 2008

42Inventions

21Plants

65

LICENSESFY 2009

33Inventions

39Plants

75

LICENSESFY 2008

2Copyrights

3Copyrights

in thousands

247United States

191International

IP DISCLOSURES & LICENSES

PATENTS

3COMPANIESSTARTEDFY 2009

8COMPANIESSTARTEDFY 2008

Nanoscale Science and Technology

Center for Nanoscale Systems

Cornell Center for Materials Research

Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility*

Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science

Kaust-Cornell Center for Energy and Sustainability

Nanobiotechnology Center

Medical Research

Abby and Howard P. Milstein Chemistry

Biology Center

Ansary Stem Cell Institute

Arthur and Rochelle Belfer Institute of

Hematology and Medical Oncology

Center for Aging Research and Clinical Care

Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine

Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility

Center for the Study of Hepatitis C

Center for Vascular Biology

Clinical and Translational Science Center

Clinique Skin Wellness Center

Comprehensive Center for Excellence in Disparities

Research and Community Engagement

Cornell Center for Behavior Intervention Development

Cornell HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Unit

Howard Gilman Institute for Valvular Heart Diseases

HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz

Al-saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine

Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry

Lehman Brothers Lung Cancer Research Center

Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute

Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for

Biomedical and Physical Sciences

Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology

Life Sciences

Agricultural Experiment Stations (Geneva, Ithaca)

Baker Institute for Animal Health

Cancer Protein Expression Laboratory

Center for Life Science Enterprise

Center for Reproductive Genomics

Center for Vertebrate Genomics

Center on the Microenvironment and Metastasis

Cornell International Institute for Food,

Agriculture, and Development

Cornell Stem Cell Program

Institute for Biotechnology and Life

Science Technologies

Institute of Food Science

Institute for Genomic Diversity

National Biomedical Center for Advanced

ESR Technology

Sprecher Institute for Comparative Cancer Research

Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology

Physical Sciences and Engineering

Center for Advanced Computing

Center for Applied Mathematics

Center for Emergent Superconductivity

Center for Radiophysics and Space Research

Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source*

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based

Sciences and Education

Energy Materials Center

Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics

Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics

National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center*

Social Sciences and Humanities

Africana Studies and Research Center

Behavioral Economics and Decision Research

Bronfenbrenner Life Course Center

Center for Analytic Economics

Center for the Study of Economy and Society

Center for the Study of Inequality

Cornell Institute for Research on Children

Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research

Cornell Language Acquisition Lab

Cornell Population Program

Employment and Disability Institute

Institute for the Social Sciences

Institute for Women and Work

Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies

Program on Ethics and Public Life

Society for the Humanities

Business and Management

Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies

Center for Hospitality Research

Parker Center for Investment Research

Smithers Institute for Alcohol-Related Workplace Studies

Sustainability

Cornell Center for a Sustainable Future

*National Center

Selected Research Centers at Cornell

31 / Collaborative Approach. World-Class Facilities.

Crossing Disciplines

JasonKoski/CU

THE REPORT

Senior Vice Provost for ResearchRobert A. Buhrman

Associate Vice Provost for ResearchAndrew H. Bass

Associate Vice Presidentfor Research AdministrationCatherine E. Long

Phone(607) 255-7200

Fax(607) 255-9030

E-mailvp_research@cornell.edu

Websitewww.research.cornell.edu/vpr

EditorErnestina Snead

CopyeditorEnglund Literary Services

Editorial AssistantBelinda Heyun Pang ’11

Distribution CoordinatorKelly S. Strickland

DesignZanzinato

Cornell University is an equal-opportunity, affirmative action educator and employer.

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222 Day Hall, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY 14853-2801

By recognizing and supporting excellence, Cornell … is at the forefront of trends where we can make significant contributions to meeting societal needs and enriching humanity.– Robert A. Buhrman

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