Cognitive ApprenticeshipPart 3

Mostafa ElbabaMod.5 Group project

Explain• Knowledge• Action• Reasoning

Example Case presentation.

Articulation

Articulation Script• Regularly ask the students to explain their

knowledge, action and reasoning. This will help them become aware of gaps in their knowledge and skills as well as improve their understanding and encourage them to ask questions.

• Example: Residents may prepare a case for discussion in details with small talk around the related topic.

ReflectionAwareness• Strength• Weakness

ExampleBed side teaching.

Reflection Script• Encourage the students to become aware of their

strengths and weaknesses and to consider what they can do to improve things. They can do this by using portfolio or by comparing their own skills with those of an expert or another student.

• Example: In bed side teaching, residents can criticize themselves and explain what they did well and what was their mistakes after patients interview.

ExplorationFormulation• Questions• Problems

Example Round leader

Exploration Script• Encourage the students to formulate learning

objectives and pursue them. They will learn how to frame questions or problems that are interesting and how they can solve them.

• Example: Let the resident do one of morning round in a position of team leader or act as an attending who teach a small group

References• Rene´e E. Stalmeijer Æ Diana H. J. M. Dolmans. Ineke H. A.

P. Wolfhagen Æ Albert J. J. A. Scherpbier (2009) Adv in Health Sci Educ, 14:535–546

• Mary D. Oriol, Gail Tumulty , Kathleen Snyder (2010) Cognitive Apprenticeship as a Framework for Teaching Online, MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, Vol. 6, No. 1

• Kuhn G. (2011) Cognitive Apprenticeship, Statewide Campus System, Michigan State School of Osteopathic Medicine