COENZYME Q10PRATHAMESH KUDALKAR13FET1011

INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and

abbreviated at times to CoQ10.

It is oil soluble in nature. CoQ10 is similar to vitamin K in its chemical structure but it is not considered a

vitamin because it is synthesized in the body. CoQ10 has a fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics as a cofactor in the

mitochondrial electron transport chain (respiratory chain) and is therefore essential for the production of ATP.

CoQ10 functions as a mobile redox agent shuttling electrons and also protons in the electron transport chain.

CoQ10 in its reduced form as the hydroquinone (called ubiquinol) is a potent lipophilic antioxidant and is capable of recycling and regenerating other antioxidants

STRUCTURE There are three redox states of Coenzyme Q10: fully oxidized (ubiquinone), semiquinone

(ubisemiquinone), and fully reduced (ubiquinol)

SOURCESSOURCES AMOUNT

(ug/g)Beef- Heart 113Beef- Muscle 26-40Pork- Heart 11.8-128.2Pork- Muscle 13.8-45Chicken 14Sardine 5-64Mackerel-Red Flesh 43-67Mackerel- White Flesh 11-16Salmon 4-8

SOURCES AMOUNT (ug/g)

Soybean Oil 54-280Olive 4-160Sunflower 4-15Peanuts 27Walnuts 19Broccoli 6-9Spinach Up to 10Avocado 10Yogurt 2.4

HEALTH BENEFITS

CoQ10 and Diseases

Significantly decreased levels of CoQ10 have been noted in a wide variety of diseases in both animal and human studies.

CoQ10 deficiency may be caused by an insufficient dietary CoQ10 intake, the impairment in CoQ10 biosynthesis, excessive utilization of CoQ10 by the body, or any combination of the three.

During many diseases CoQ10 is taken up in large doses by all tissues including the heart and brain mitochondria.

It has been found to show beneficial effects in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases

CoQ10 and Cardiovascular Diseases.

CoQ10 is known to be highly concentrated in the heart muscle cells due to the high energy requirements of this type of cells.

One clinical study found that people who took daily CoQ10 supplements within 3 days of a heart attack were less likely to have subsequent heart attacks and chest pain.

There is evidence that CoQ10 may help treat heart failure when combined with conventional medications.

Persons with congestive heart failure aren’t able to pump blood. This can cause blood to pool in different parts of body, like lungs and legs. CoQ10 helps in reducing the accumulated fluid, thus reducing swelling and making breathing easier.

It has not been yet proved that low levels of CoQ10 cause heart failure. However, it can definitely be used in the treatment for heart failure.

CoQ10 and Hypertension

Several clinical studies involving small numbers of people suggest that CoQ10 may lower blood pressure. However, it may take 4-12 weeks to see any change.

Researchers have concluded that CoQ10 has the potential to reduce the systolic blood pressure by 17 mm and diastolic blood pressure by 10 mm, without significant side effects.

CoQ10 and Cholesterol

Higher Cholesterol levels have always been associated with low CoQ10 levels.

CoQ10 does not directly work against high cholesterol but reduces the intensity of the side effects of the drugs administered for high cholesterol.

Cholesterol lowering statin drugs reduce the levels of CoQ10 in the body. Hence, CoQ10 supplements need to be taken.

Studies show that CoQ10 decreases the pain associated with Statin drugs.

CoQ10 and Peridontal Disease

Gum disease is a common problem that causes swelling, bleeding, pain, and redness of the gums.

Clinical studies show that people with gum disease tend to have low levels of CoQ10 in their gums.

Studies found that CoQ10 supplements led to faster healing and tissue repair, but more research is needed

OTHER BENEFITS Helps to prevent migraine Improves immune function in people with HIV Improves ability to exercise Anti cancer Anti ageing and longetivity Anti inflammatory (when taken with Vitamin E) Prevents against cataract Fatigue reduction

ABSORPTION Being a lipophilic substance the absorption of CoQ10 follows the

same process as that of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract.

The uptake mechanism for CoQ10 appears to be similar to that of vitamin E, another lipid-soluble nutrient.

The absorption of CoQ10 is enhanced in the presence of lipids.

The absorption of supplemental CoQ10 can be improved if ingested with a fatty meal.

ABSORPTION Digestion helps in the release of dietary CoQ10 from the food matrix

but for supplemental CoQ10 products that are based on pure CoQ10, gastric digestion does not appear to an important factor.

No specific site along the small intestine has been identified for the absorption of CoQ10.

The efficiency of absorption of orally administered CoQ10 is poor because of its insolubility in water, limited solubility in lipids, and relatively large molecular weight.

In one study with rats it was reported that only about 2–3% of orally-administered CoQ10 was absorbed

COMMERCIAL SYNTHESIS

Yeast Containing

CoQ10 Extraction Purification

CrystallisationDryingPurified

CoQ10

COMMERCIAL SYNTHESIS

NUTRIENT INTERACTION

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Warfarin Warfarin is a blood thinning drug. Simultaneous use of warfarin (Coumadin) and coenzyme Q10 supplements has been

reported to decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Anthracyclines They are excellent anticancer drugs but they are also cardiotoxic. They cause

irreversible damage to myocardial mitochondria, This can be prevented by CoQ10 administration during cancer chemotherapy without

compromising their action

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Statins Statins are HMG-CoA reductase

inhibitors. Used for controlling high cholesterol

levels. But due to same biosynthetic pathway,

production of CoQ10 is also affected.

DOSAGE CoQ10 is available as a dietary supplement in strengths generally

ranging from 15 to 100 mg. In cardiovascular disease patients CoQ10 dosages generally

range from 100 to 200mg a day. Dosages of up to 15mg/kg/day are being employed in the case of

mitochondrial cytopathy patients A dosage of 600 mg a day was used in the Huntington’s

disease trial Dosage of up to 1200 mg a day was employed in the Parkinson’s

disease trial.

SAFETY

CoQ10 has an excellent safety record. There have been no reports of significant adverse side effects of oral coenzyme

Q10 supplementation at doses as high as 1,200 mg/day for up to 16 months and 600 mg/day for up to 30 months.

1,200 mg/day has recently been proposed as the observed safe level (OSL) for coenzyme Q10.

At doses as high as 3000mg a day, limited to mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and stomach upset were seen in a small number of subjects.

PRODUCTS

Nature’s Bounty50mg Softgels- 75nos.Rs. 1274Per Softgel: Rs.17

SchwarzkopfHair LotionRs. 850

Vitamin Shoppe200mg Capsules- 60nosRs. 2762Per Capsule: Rs.46

PRODUCTS

REFERENCES

Coenzyme Q10- Linus Pauling Institute Coenzyme Q10- University of Maryland Medical Centre Coenzyme Q10: Absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism andpharmacokinetics- HEMMI

N. BHAGAVAN & RAJ K. CHOPRA Nourishing and Health Benefits of Coenzyme Q10 – a Review Martina

BOREKOVÁ1, Jarmila HOJEROVÁ, Vasiľ KOPRDA and Katarína BAUEROVÁ Improvement of Coenzyme Q10 Production: Mutagenesis Induced by High

Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions- Yahong Yuan, Yuting Tian, and Tianli Yue

THANKS!