社會發展中偏見歧視之形成與消除 -...

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൴णઐ֍ڡෛԛјᄃঐ ęᓦ - 341 - 社會發展中偏見歧視之形成與消除 薛國致 社會發展中,偏見與歧視是常見的社會問題之一,是社會心理學研究的範疇。偏見 研究起始於 1920 年代,當時把偏見問題納入社會心理學的研究有兩個重要背景:一是 美國的種族歧視政策和白人歧視黑人的種族隔離現象;二是因為社會心理學發展,由於 態度概念的出現,使人們有可能對種族歧視現象進行經驗和實證的研究。 本文先就偏見與歧視之內涵做一概念性定義,並瞭解兩者之間的關係與特徵。偏見 與歧視形成和維持的原因複雜且互相關聯,主要分為兩大類,一是社會方面(如社會不 平等、群體偏見、權威性人格、宗教、相符、習俗等),二是認知方面(如刻板印象、 類屬化、認知歸因偏差、情緒-代罪羔羊心理等)。在藉由社會發展中典型常見的兩種 歧視與偏見-種族主義與性別主義,說明種族與性別在全球各地所表現的形式、實例與 特徵,最後提出消除偏見與歧視的方法,期盼消弭偏見與歧視的情形,了解與尊重個別 差異,並且擁有包容他人不相似的胸襟,同時還需要瞭解每個人都有可學習之處,肯定 彼此、給別人機會並欣賞別人。 關鍵字:偏見、歧視、種族主義、性別主義 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 薛國致(國立屏東教育大學社會發展學系研究生)

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    2004

    prejudice

    2007discrimination

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    social dominance theory

    Hacker(1951)

  • Brewer(1979)

    authoritarian personality

    Adorno

    Adorno(1950)

    Batson 19401990 38

    (Conformity)

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    Spencer (1998)

    Tayler (1978)

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  • Snyder(1976)

    Miller Bugelski(1948)

    racism

    sexism

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    (Brigham,

    1978) Rokeach (1960)

    1954

    2004

    Blumer (1965)

    (Broverman & Vogel, 1972)

    1975

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    2182004

    2005 1980~1990

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    (Sherif, 1966)

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    200725168-72

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