coastal towns environmental infrastructure project (cteip)...pd-01: re-excavation of bhola khal...

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

Contract Package No.: e-GP/CTEIP/2017-18/BHO/DR/08

February 2018

Coastal Towns Environmental Infrastructure Project (CTEIP)

(ADB Loan No. L3133-BAN (SF)/L8284-BAN (SCF)/G0394-BAN (SCF))

Batch 2: Stage I CTEIP Programme

PD-01: Re-Excavation of Bhola Khal under Ward no. 03,07 & 09. (Ch. 2+600 to

4+750m). Length: 2.150 Km.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of 31 December 2017)

Currency unit – taka (Tk)

Tk1.00 = $0.01209

$1.00 = Tk82.650

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Bangladesh ends on 30 June. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2017 ends on June 2017.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This IEE is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily

represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in

nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any

designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the

Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status

of any territory or area.

Section 6: Employer’s Requirements: Subsection 3 Particular Specification: Appendix-E: Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE

APPENDIX-E


(ADB Loan No. L3133-BAN (SF)/L8284-BAN (SCF)/G0394-BAN (SCF))

Local Government Engineering Department (Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives)

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

Batch 2: Stage I CTEIP Programme

February 2018

Contract Package No.:e-GP/CTEIP/2017-18/BHO/DR/08

PD-01: Re-Excavation of Bhola Khal under Ward no. 03,07 & 09. (Ch. 2+600 to

4+750m). Length: 2.150 Km.


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE i

ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION

ADB Asian Development Bank

AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AP Affected Persons

BAN Bangladesh

BC Bituminous Carpeting

BFIDC Bangladesh Forest Industries Development Corporation

BFRI Bangladesh Forest Research Institute

BNH Bangladesh National Herbarium

BOQ Bill of Quantities

BPL Below Poverty Line

CC Cement Concrete

CDTA Capacity Development Technical Assistance

CIF Climate Investment Fund

CTEIP Coastal Towns Environmental Infrastructure Project

DC Deputy Commissioner

DDS Detailed Design services

DoE Department of Environment

DO Dissolved Oxygen

DoI Department of Irrigation

DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering

DSC Design and Supervision Consultant

ECA Environmental Conservation Act

ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate

ECR Environmental Conservation Rules

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

FGD Focus Group Discussion

FHH Female House Hold

GAP Gender Action Plan

GoB Government of Bangladesh

HFL High Flood Level

HH House Hold

ICB International Competitive Bidding

ICCDC Institutional Capacity and Communication Development Consultant

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

ILO International Labor Organization

ISA Initial Social Assessment

LAO Land Acquisition Officer

LGED Local Government Engineering Department

LCC Location Clearance Certificate

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

MCM Million Cubic Meters

MLD Million Litres Per Day

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

MS Mild Steel

NFP National Forest Policy

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NRW Non-Revenue Water

NWP National Water Policy

O&M Operations and Maintenance

OBC Other Backward Classes

PAF Project Affected Family

PAP Project Affected Person

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PLO Project Liaison Officer


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE ii

ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION

PMSC Project Management Supervision Consultant

PMU Project Management Unit

POL Petrol, Oil and Diesel

PWD Public Works Department

PPCR Pilot Programme for Climate Change

PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

RP Resettlement Plan

REA Rapid Environmental Assessment

SIA Social Impact Assessment

SPCR Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience

TLCC Town Level Co-ordination Committee

SPS Safeguard Policy Statement

TDS Total Dissolved Solids

UBL Urban Local Body

UHC Upazila Health Complex

WBM Water-based Macadam

WMM Wet-mix Macadam

WTP Water Treatment Plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS

°C Degree Celsius

Ha Hectare

Km Kilometer

M Meter

Mm Millimeter

Tk Taka

% Percentage


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... viii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 BACKGROUND 1

1.2 PURPOSE OF IEE 3

1.3 SCOPE OF SERVICES 4

1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4

1.5 FORMAT OF THE REPORT 5

CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY .......................... 10

2.1 NATIONAL RELEVANT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES 10

2.1.1 National Environmental Policy ............................................................................................. 10

2.1.2 National Water Policy (NWP) ............................................................................................... 10

2.1.3 National Forest Policy (NFP 1994) ...................................................................................... 10

2.1.4 Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP 2009) ........................... 10

2.1.5 National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) 1995 ..................................... 11

2.1.6 The National Water Policy, 1999 ......................................................................................... 11

2.1.7 Coastal Zone Policy, 2005 ................................................................................................... 11

2.1.8 Coastal Development Strategy, 2006 .................................................................................. 12

2.2 LEGAL INSTRUMENTS 12

2.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS / FRAMEWORK 14

2.3.1 Bangladesh Institutional arrangement ................................................................................. 14

2.3.2 Department of Environment (DoE) ....................................................................................... 14

2.3.3 Other relevant departments ................................................................................................. 15

2.3.4 Environmental approval framework ..................................................................................... 15

2.3.5 Occupational health and safety ............................................................................................ 16

2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE PROCEDURE 17

2.4.1 Environmental Category: Bangladesh ................................................................................. 18

2.4.2 Environmental Category: ADB ............................................................................................. 19

2.4.3 Bangladesh Environmental Standards ................................................................................. 19

2.4.4 Institutional Capacity ............................................................................................................ 20

CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 21

3.1 STUDY AREA 21

3.2 EXISTING EVIRONMENT 21

3.2.1 Drainage condition ............................................................................................................... 21

3.2.2 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................. 21

3.2.3 Solid waste ........................................................................................................................... 22

3.2.4 Retaining walls ..................................................................................................................... 22

3.2.5 Encroachment ...................................................................................................................... 23

3.3 CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT 23

3.4 LOCATION AND SELECTION OF THE SUBPROJECT 24

3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION 24

3.6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 24

3.6.1 Without Project Alternative ................................................................................................... 25

3.6.2 With Project Alternative ........................................................................................................ 25

3.7 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT WORK AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL 25

3.8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE 25

CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINES .................................................................................. 27

4.1 METHODOLOGY USED FOR THE BASELINE STUDY 27

4.1.1 Secondary data .................................................................................................................... 27

4.1.2 Primary data ......................................................................................................................... 27

4.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 27


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE iv

4.2.1 Topography .......................................................................................................................... 27

4.2.2 Soils and general morphology ............................................................................................. 27

4.2.3 Waterbodies ......................................................................................................................... 28

4.2.4 Drainage Hazards ................................................................................................................ 29

4.2.5 Rainfall and Temperature..................................................................................................... 29

4.2.6 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................. 29

4.2.7 Soils ...................................................................................................................................... 30

4.2.8 Ambient Air Quality .............................................................................................................. 32

4.2.9 Ambient Noise ...................................................................................................................... 32

4.2.10 Water Quality ..................................................................................................................... 32

4.2.11 Wind ................................................................................................................................... 32

4.3 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 33

4.3.1 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................ 33

4.3.2 Fisheries ............................................................................................................................... 34

4.3.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................ 34

4.3.4 Economic Development ....................................................................................................... 34

4.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 35

4.5.1 Population ............................................................................................................................ 35

4.5.2 Land use............................................................................................................................... 35

4.5.3 Socio-economic Status ........................................................................................................ 36

4.5.4 Other Existing Amenities for Community Welfare ................................................................ 36

CHAPTER 5: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................................................................. 37

5.1 INTRODUCTION 37

5.1.1 Approach .............................................................................................................................. 37

5.1.2 IEE Process ......................................................................................................................... 39

5.1.3 Scoping ................................................................................................................................ 39

5.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 41

5.2.1 Impact Magnitude ................................................................................................................. 41

5.2.2 Sensitivity of Receptor ......................................................................................................... 42

5.2.3 Summary of Assessed Impacts ........................................................................................... 42

5.3 POSITIVES IMPACTS 44

5.3.1 Impacts during Planning and Design Phase ........................................................................ 44

5.3.2 Impacts during Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 44

5.3.3 Impacts during Project Operation ........................................................................................ 45

5.4 NEGATIVE IMPACTS 45

5.4.1 Impact during Planning Phase ............................................................................................. 45

5.4.2 Impact during Construction Phase ....................................................................................... 45

5.4.3 Impact during Operation Phase ........................................................................................... 49

5.5 IMPACTS ANALYSIS 50

5.5 CUMULATIVE IMPACT 50

CHAPTER 6: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ........................................................................ 58

6.1 GENERAL 58

6.2 GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS 58

6.2.1 1st Level Grievance ............................................................................................................. 58

6.2.2 2nd Level Grievance ............................................................................................................ 58

6.2.3 3rd Level Grievance ............................................................................................................. 59

6.2.4 4th Level Grievance ............................................................................................................. 59

CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................................ 61

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION 61

7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION TOOLS 61

7.2.1 Public Consultation Meeting (PCM) ..................................................................................... 61


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE v

7.2.2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) ....................................................................................... 62

7.2.3 Stakeholder Consultation ..................................................................................................... 62

7.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION HISTORY 62

7.4 FINDINGS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING 64

CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 65

8.1 CONCLUSIONS 65

8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 66

8.3 DISCLOSURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS INSTRUMENTS 66

ANNEXURE I: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHECKLISTS ........................................ 67

ANNEXURE II: GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM ....................................................................... 68

ANNEXTURE IIIa: CATEGORIZATION FORM ................................................................................... 69

ANNEXURE IIIb: INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT IMPACT CATEGORIZATION CHECKLIST ... 70

ANNEXURE IV: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS (FGD) ............................................................................... 71


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE vi

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Sub-project’s Scope of Work ..................................................................................................... 4

Table 2 Applicable GoB Environmental Legislation .............................................................................. 12

Table 3 Relevant Occupational Health and Safety Laws and Rules .................................................... 16

Table 4 Classification of projects according to EC 1997 ...................................................................... 19

Table 5 Relevant Environmental Quality Standards ............................................................................. 20

Table 6Typical Project Implementation Schedule ................................................................................. 26

Table 7 Existing waterbodies in Bhola Pourshava ................................................................................ 28

Table 8 Ambient Air Quality in Daulatkhan Pourashava (near Bhola Pourashava).............................. 32

Table 9 Water quality in Bhola Pourashava .......................................................................................... 32

Table 10 Bhola population data ............................................................................................................ 35

Table 11 Existing Land use in Bhola Pourashava ................................................................................ 35

Table 12 Environmental sectors in which the Subproject is expected to have insignificant Impacts ... 38

Table 13 Resources/receptors considered in the scoping stage .......................................................... 40

Table 14 Parameters for Determining Impact Magnitude ..................................................................... 41

Table 15 Criteria for Determining Sensitivity ......................................................................................... 42

Table 16Significance of Impact Criteria ................................................................................................ 42

Table 17The Potential Impacts are discussed in the Subsequent Sections ......................................... 43

Table 19 Impact Matrix of Potential Environmental Impactsof the subproject ...................................... 46

Table 19 Noise levels during construction, dB (A) ................................................................................ 49

Table 20 Noise due to construction machinery ..................................................................................... 49

Table 22 Noise generated by various vehicle types in dB(A) ............................................................... 50

Table 22 Impact Analysis matrix for the subproject in question ............................................................ 52

Table 23 Modified Leopold Methodology of Risk Prioritization matrix .................................................. 54

Table 24 Explanation of color code used for Prioritization matrix ......................................................... 54

Table 25 Potential Impact Prioritization assessment ............................................................................ 55

Table 26 Summary of the FGDs and Public Consultation .................................................................... 64


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Salinity intrusion in 10m low elevation coastal zone of Bangladesh ........................................ 1

Figure 2 Location map of Bhola Upazila ................................................................................................. 3

Figure 3 IEE approach and methodology resulting to EMP .................................................................... 6

Figure 4 Location map of the proposed sub-project (CTEIP/BHO/DR/07) ............................................. 8

Figure 5 Detail layout of the proposed sub-project in Bhola ................................................................... 9

Figure 6 Bangladesh Environmental Regulatory Approvals Process ................................................... 16

Figure 7 Environmental Clearance Process in Bangladesh ................................................................. 18

Figure 8 Existing drainage condition in Bhola Khal (left: North view, right: South view) ...................... 21

Figure 9 Existing outfall (left) pourashava and (right) household in Bhola jhal ..................................... 22

Figure 10 Existing soil waste fill up in Bhola Khal ................................................................................. 22

Figure 11 Existing retaining walls in Bhola Khal ................................................................................... 23

Figure 12 Existing environment at Bhola Khal ...................................................................................... 23

Figure 13 Existing drainage network of Bhola Pourashava .................................................................. 28

Figure 14 Historical temperature (left) and rainfall (right) record in Bhola ............................................ 29

Figure 15 Problem soils of Bangladesh ................................................................................................ 31

Figure 16 Wind Rose diagram (left) and wind speed graph (right) in Bhola ......................................... 33

Figure 17 Vegetation cover in the Khal site .......................................................................................... 34

Figure 18 Existing landuse in Bhola Pourashava ................................................................................. 36

Figure 19 IEE process followed in this study ........................................................................................ 39

Figure 20 Grievance redress process ................................................................................................... 60

Figure 21 FGD at Bhola Drain 08 package site .................................................................................... 63


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE viii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

i. Coastal region of Bangladesh mostly comprises low-lying areas and is exposed to sea level

rise, storm surges and frequent and intense storm events leading to widespread disastrous

consequences. Uncontrolled urbanization, coupled with existing inadequate capacities of the

Pourashavas to manage requisite infrastructure, makes this region still more vulnerable to

adverse impacts of severe and highly variable climatic conditions. Such adverse conditions,

along with the burden of increased urban growth, prevailing regional poverty, exacerbated by

weak urban governance, have resulted in undue pressure on basic urban services and

infrastructure, which has severely impaired economic growth. Because of these natural

disasters, the population in the coastal region remains poor and development significantly

lags behind the rest of the country even though there is a lot of potential for further

development. However, the number, intensity and the regularity of such disasters appear to

be increasing and this trend is restricting further development of the coastal region.

ii. The Coastal Towns Environmental Infrastructure Project (CTEIP) is a key infrastructure

initiative of the Government of Bangladesh. The scope of the project includes nine

infrastructure categories: (i) roads, bridges and culverts, (ii) solid waste management, (iii)

cyclone shelters, (iv) Cyclone Shelter and Access Roads, (v) markets, (vi) bus terminals, (vii)

drainage and flood control, (viii) water supply, and (ix) sanitation. The major components to

be taken up in Bhola under this project are described in Table 1. This report is on IEE of PD-

01: Re-Excavation of Bhola Khal under Ward no. 03,07 & 09. (Ch. 2+600 to 4+750m).

Length:2.150 Km. District: Bhola and the package is designated as e-

GP/CTEIP/BHO/DR/08.The proposed site for re-excavation of Bhola Khal under Bhola

Pourashava, District: Bhola are located within the Pourashava area, which are mostly within

urban and semi urban areas.

iii. The challenge for the project is that the re-excavation is implemented in the most

economically feasible, and environmentally and socially sensitive, manner. The PPTA

feasibility study provided a comprehensive set of recommendations for the planning, design

and implementation of the Project. Based on the recommendations of this study, the DDS

Consultant has completed the detailed engineering design for the re-excavation of the Bhola

Khal.

iv. Categorization: An environmental assessment using ADB’s Rapid Environmental

Assessment (REA) checklist for urban development (Annexure I) was conducted and results

of the assessment show that the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts.

Bhola Khal subproject is classified as environmental category B as per the ADB SPS 2009 as

no significant impacts are envisioned. The Environmental Legislation in Bangladesh,

particularly the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (Amended in 2002), states

that any development project shall require ‘Environmental Clearance’ from the Department of

Environment (DoE) so as to ensure environmental sustainability. The proposed rehabilitation

activities of Bhola Khal falls under the "Red Category" as per the Environment Conservation

Rules, 1997, which requires submitting a report on the Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) to the DoE, including a detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP). This report is

to be assessed by the DoE and based on the overall environmental friendliness and socio-

economic viability of the project, Environmental Clearance may be obtained.

v. The package CTEIP/BHO/DR/08has followed the Environmental Assessment Review

Framework (EARF) subproject selection criteria as enumerated in PPTA document. The

approach in preparation of Initial Environmental Examination has been to follow the

sequence of steps adopted in an EIA study in relation to EARF. Apart from following standard

environmental impact assessment practices and procedures, methodologies have deployed


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE ix

advanced technologies, techniques and tools to the extent these are applicable and relevant

to this project.

vi. Existing Environment:Except the north end at Tentulia river connection, navigability is non-

existing in the entire khal during the winter season. During the monsoon, water level rises up

to 6 ft at the hospital road bridge. The source of water is the tidal connection of Tentulia river

to the north. However, it possible that rainwater runoff may also contribute to the khal water

level significantly during the monsoon. Exact estimates of how many outlets drains the

pourashava water to Bhola khal are inexistant. This consultant, during field visit, counted 26

outlets. There are still many that cannot be visually indetified as most areas of the khal is

inaccsisable. Accourding to the pourashava officials, the best guess is 40 outlets that drain to

the khal. It was alos observed from the filed visit that, in Bhola khal all the households stading

by the banks, discharge their waste water directly to the khal. This waste wate include

household waste water and direct discarge of toilet sewage.

vii. The Bholakhal sub-project proposes the re-excavation of Bhola Khal. Bidding process shall

not be launched for the sub-project until ECC is obtained. The design report summarizes the

quantities of construction material1. These have been further utilized in assessing the

environmental impact due to development of Khal. Part 1 of detailed estimate section of

DED report summarizes the proposed development work and construction material needed.

Section 3.8 gives a list of activity to be performed during the construction of the sub-project.

viii. Certain impacts identified in this section have the potential to be significant. The

determination of whether a given potential impact is significant depends on several factors:

a. The potential for on-site and off-site impacts;

b. The potential for direct and indirect impacts;

c. The frequency and duration of a potential impact;

d. The geographic area affected by a potential impact

e. The period of time affected by any potential impact;

f. The sensitivity of the receiving environment; and

g. The degree of confidence with which the potential impacts of the action/activity are known and understood.

ix. The study has been developed following the guideline for environmental impact assessment

of water sector projects developed by the Flood Plan Co-ordination Organization (FPCO) in

1992 and updated by Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO) in 2003. There is

another guideline for EIA, formulated by the Department of Environment (DoE) in 1997, which

only includes the industrial projects of the country, and has very limited emphasis on water

sector developments. As such, the EIA guideline of WARPO has been preferred and used in

this study.

x. The major positive achievements of construction and improvement of Khal are:

h. Improvement ofKhal will serve not only the influence area but also the surrounding

area in the town due to improved pace in local commerce.

i. Improved Khal will stimulate ancillary projects which will improve economic status of

the local population;

1 Detailed Design Report PAT/RD/01. LGED: December 2017


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE x

j. More employment of people during construction phases;

k. Will be potential socio-economic enhancement of rural economy by connecting

commerce;

l. Improved aesthetic environment, less water pollution

m. Skill transfer, capacity development and training.

xi. The major negative impacts, to be limited within and around the areas of construction sites,

will be changes in land use, soil loss in terms of soil erosion from RoWs, borrow-pits,

quarries, etc., soil pollution, disruption in drainage patterns, water pollution, air pollution, noise

pollution, etc.

xii. Project’s potential impacts on the key environmental parameters have been identified and

their significance determined using the described methodology. A summary of the potential

impacts of the project on the key environmental parameters and significance of these impacts

are represented in the following Table. Detailed potential impacts and their significance are

given in the sub-sequent sections.


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE i

TableThe Potential Impacts are discussed in the Subsequent Sections

Potential Impacts

Duration

of

Impact

Spatial

Extent

Reversible

or not Likelihood Magnitude Sensitivity

Significance

Prior to

Mitigation

Significance

after

Mitigation

No-project Scenario

No navigability Long

term Local Yes Certain Major Severe High Negative -----

Poor sanitation Long


Water pollution Long


With Project Scenario

Better navigabiity Long

term Local Yes Certain Major ----- High Positive High Positive

Improved sanitation Long


Improved water and

soil quality

Long


Impacts Related to Project Siting

Resettlement Long

term Local No Certain Medium Mild

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Land Cover and

Land Use Changes

Long


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Loss of Vegetation Long

term Local Yes Certain Major Severe

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Construction work Short

term Local Yes Certain Medium Mild

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Environment and Social Impacts During Construction Phase

Water Quality Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Air Quality Long

Term Local Yes Certain Medium Mild

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Noise Level Long


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Soil Quality Short


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Communication Short


Moderate

Negative Positive

Monthly Income Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Positive

Waste Management Short

term Local Yes Certain Major Severe High Negative

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Accidents and safety Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Occupational Health

& Safety

Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Community Health &

Safety

Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Income/Job

Opportunity

Short

term Local Yes Certain Medium Mild Positive Positive

Environmental Impacts During Operation

Solid Waste Long Local Yes Certain Medium Mild Low to Low


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE ii

Potential Impacts

Duration

of

Impact

Spatial

Extent

Reversible


Significance

Prior to

Mitigation

Significance

after

Mitigation

term but

Beyond

project

footprint

Moderate

Negative

Negative

Air Pollution Long

term

Local

but

Beyond

project

footprint

Yes Certain Medium Mild

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Noise Pollution Long

term Local Yes Certain Major Mild

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Water Pollution Long

term

Local

but

Beyond

project

footprint


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Improvement from

soil pollution

Long

term Local Yes Likely Major Mild

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Improvement of Sanitation

Long term

Local Yes Certain Major Mild Low to Moderate Negative

Positive

xiii. Tree plantation is proposed along Khal sides as protection against negative attributes of

climate change phenomena, soil erosion near the Khal and toward improving the quality of environment. This will keep the ecological function in circulation. The noise impact at source will be mitigated by job rotation and use of earplug and other measures suggested in EMP.

xiv. The environmental mitigation measures as stipulated in EMP and in the obtained environmental permit shall be monitored during implementation of the Khal sub-project. In order to perform monitoring of EMP, the contractor shall engage experienced laboratory and third party services in complying the required environmental testing of parameters listed in SEMP listed as Annex F.

xv. The labour camps shall be established with the septic tank and soak pit for treatment and disposal of sewage and sludge water to avoid pollution of water bodies. Contractor shall submit the EMP for construction campsite for approval of engineer in charge. In addition, contractor shall arrange water of required quality for the camp and construction activities.

xvi. The environmental monitoring will be required before the start of the construction and during the construction phase. The parameters of Water Quality, Air Quality, Noise quality, and Soils shall be monitored; as specified in SEMP listed as Annex F.

xvii. During public consultation recommendations were drawn including: i) involve local communities in all stages of project planning and development, ii) establish permanent communication between project initiators and local authorities, iii) setup grievance redress mechanism which will publicized through Pourashava level co-ordination committee and monitoring register and iv) during construction, local people including women shall be given first priority in the employment of skilled and unskilled labour.

xviii. In view of above, it is concluded that the Project will bring benefit to the people of the area. The negative impacts occurring during implementation are within the manageable limits and shall be mitigated with the proposed Environmental Management Plan and hence project may be implemented.

xix. LGED will disclose this Environmental Management Framework by making copies available at its head office and in District / Pourashava where the Project is situated. The copies shall also be made available to the Local Government’s Agencies, the Environmental and Social Group and other stakeholders. The Government of Bangladesh will also authorize the Asian Development Bank to disclose this IEE and EMP electronically through its InfoShop


Package: CTEIP/BHO/DR/08: IEE 1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Coastal region of Bangladesh is densely populated (35.1 millions) and mostly comprised of low lying areas (< 10m) and is exposed to Sea Level Rise (SLR), storm surges and frequent and intense cyclone events leading to widespread disastrous consequences (see Figure 1).

Uncontrolled urbanization, coupled with existing inadequate capacities of the Pourashavas to manage

requisite infrastructure makes this region even more vulnerable to adverse impacts of severe and

highly variable climatic conditions prevailing in Bangladesh. Such adverse conditions, along with the

burden of increased urban growth and prevailing regional poverty exacerbated by weak urban

governance, have resulted in undue pressure on basic urban services and infrastructure, which has

severely impaired economic growth. Therefore, the population in the coastal region remains poor and

development significantly lags behind the rest of the country even though there is a lot of potential for

further development. However, the number, intensity and the regularity of such disasters, many of

which are related to climate change, appear to be increasing and this trend is restricting further

development of the coastal region.

Recently, Climate Change (CC) has

become more critical issue, particularly

in low lying coastal areas, exposed to

SLR. Climate change will exacerbate

many of the current problems and

natural hazards Bangladesh faces.

Floods, droughts, tropical cyclones and

storm surges are likely to become more

frequent and severe in coming years.

The changes will threaten the

significant achievements, Bangladesh

has made over the last 20 years and it

will make it difficult to achieve the

Millennium Development Goals.

According to IPCC’s 4th Assessment

Report, global warming will result in sea

level rises between 0.18 and 0.79

meters2.This has major implications for

coastal infrastructure in relation to

storm surges and salinity intrusion.In a

recent study3, it was estimated that

increased storm surges and growth in

the road network, will lead to additional

damages of around $239.5 million to

roads, bridges, culverts, etc and a loss

of about $52.7 million in road

infrastructures. These estimates are

based on repair and damage costs from

the 2007 Sidr cyclone

The southwestern coastal part of

Bangladesh is characterized by broad tidal flats and fluvio-tidal plains, lying approximately 1 meter

above sea level. Numerous tidal creeks and channels with few major rivers like Kabodak, Shibsa,

2 IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Summary for Policymakers. Working Group II Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. IPCC, Geneva. 3Dasgupta, S., Huq, M., Khan, Z.H., Ahmed, M.M.Z., Mukherjee, N., Khan, M.F., Pandey, K. (2010). Vulnerability of Bangladesh to Cyclones in a Changing Climate: Potential Damages and Adaptation Cost\ Policy Research Working Paper, 5280, World Bank.

Figure 1Salinity intrusion in 10m low elevation coastal zone of Bangladesh



Rupsa, etc drain the area. Saline water passes through these channels and frequently inundates the

tidal and fluvio-tidal plains, hampering crop production. Structural solution like construction of polders,

embankments, cross dams have been employed for last few decades to overcome the adverse

situation. Structural solution has successfully protected the seawater intrusion on the tidal plain but

restricted dispersion of sediments all over the area. As a result, most of the sedimentation took place

inside the channels without dispersing over the tidal and fluvio-tidal plains, for which river or channel

beds are uprising in contrast with adjacent tidal plains. This situation is eventually obstructing the

natural drainage in the area and causing severe long-term water logging over large area. Construction

of cross dams on channel mouths further aggravates the situation. The tidal creeks, which are present

in the tidal and fluvio-tidal plains, have also been abandoned due to lack of regular inlet and outlet

systems due to obstruction on their mouths. It is clearly understood that the structural solutions

primarily considered only to protect the area from sea water intrusion, ignoring the long term impact of

the system.

The Coastal Towns Environmental Infrastructure Project (CTEIP) is a key infrastructure initiative of

the Government of Bangladesh. The Project was prioritized in the Government's 2010 Strategic

Programme for Climate Resilience (SPCR), prepared under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience

(PPCR), whereby the CTEIP is eligible for financing from the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF) within the

multi-donor coordinated Climate Investment Funds (CIF) as a pilot project for demonstrating ways to

mainstream climate resilience into development. Intervention is planned to develop climate resilient

structures, including Cyclone Shelters; roads and bridges; water supply; sanitation; drainage; solid

waste management; municipal facilities and flood protection infrastructural works.

In this sub-project under CTEIP, excavation and restoration of Bhola Khal is in focus.

Bhola is a historical urban settlement located 262 km south east of Dhaka, at a distance of about 58

km. from Barisal town. Bhola Pourashava is situated at the southern part of the country; close the

Bay of Bengal, which lies between 21º54' and 22º50’ north latitudes and between 90º34' and 91º01’

east latitudes(Figure 2).The Upazila is vulnerable to frequent cyclones and storm surges that

originate from the Bay of Bengal. The Bhola Pourashava is located inside the island of Bhola: the data

available shows the variation of ground level from minimum 1.40 m to maximum of 3.00 m with an

average level is around 2.00m. All the khals in the area are interconnected and the water flowing

towards the Meghna and Tetulia Rivers. The main drainage are the Bhola Khal and their feeders,

Baliakandi, Ali Nagar and Andir khals-,which are used as the main outfall by the Pourashava’s

drainage network. This drainage network either excavated or naturally formed are mainly to serve the

purpose of draining out excess floodwater or localized rainfall during wet season. Civil works that are

included in Stage I are needed for increase the drainage capacity but this will not be sufficient: is also

required the improvement of the drainage systems performance that includes planning, design,

operation and maintenance of the drainage catchment areas, covering the technical and non-technical

aspects (socio-economy and institutional). i.e. Encroachment of the drainage paths should be

forbidden by the public authorities, which are relevant for the correct development of the urban

catchment areas.This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been conducted by EPTISA

Services de Ingenieria S.L., the Detailed Design Services (DDS) Consultant under the CTEIP, in

accordance with the ADB’s requirements and guidelines. The IEE is based upon a study of available

reports and documents, including the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA), under TA

8128 BAN; relevant sections of the Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) Report;

discussions with related stakeholders and PIU/Pourashava authorities. Read this IEE in conjunction

with the following documents, attached to this Bid Document:

• Environmental Management Plan (EMP) attached hereto as Appendix F;

• Resettlement Plan (RP): (Due Diligence Report) attached hereto as Appendix G;

• Gender Action Plan (GAP) attached hereto as Appendix H.



1.2 PURPOSE OF IEE

The initial environmental examination aims to provide guidance on safeguard screening, assessment,

institutional arrangement and process to be followed for components of the project, where design

takes place after Boards approval. This IEE (i) describes the project and its components; (ii) explains

the general anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures for the subprojects; (iii)

specifies the requirements that will be followed in relation to screening and categorization,

assessment, and planning, including arrangements for meaningful consultation with affected people

and other stakeholders and information disclosure requirements; (iv) assesses the capability of the

project proponents to implement national laws and ADB’s requirements, and identifies needs for

capacity building; (v) specifies implementation procedures, institutional arrangements, and capacity

development requirements; and (vi) specifies monitoring and reporting requirements. Moreover, this

IEE is to ensure, in line with ADB EARF, that the project, in the entirety of its project cycle, will not

Figure 2Location map of BholaUpazila

Source: Banglapedia



deteriorate or interfere with the environmental sensitivity of the project area, but rather improve

environmental quality.

1.3 SCOPE OF SERVICES

The scope of the project includes nine infrastructure categories: (i) roads, bridges and culverts, (ii)

solid waste management, (iii) cyclone shelters, (iv) Cyclone Shelter and Access Roads, (v) markets,

(vi) bus terminals, (vii) drainage and flood control, (viii) water supply, and (ix) sanitation. The major

components to be taken up in Bhola under this project are described in Table 1. This report is on IEE

of PD-01: Re-Excavation of Bhola Khal under Ward no. 03,07 & 09. (Ch. 2+600 to 4+750m).

Length:2.150 Km, District: Bhola and the package is designated as e-GP/CTEIP/BHO/DR/07.

The proposed site for re-excavation of Bhola Khal under Bhola Pourashava, District: Bhola are located within the Pourashava area, which are mostly within urban and semi urban areas. This subproject e-GP/CTEIP/2017-18/BHO/DR/08 includes the re-excavation of Bhola Khal (see Figure 4).See Table 1 for the summarized scope of work.The detailed sketch of the Khal are provided in Figure 5. Table 1Sub-project’s Scope of Work

Sl.No. Name of Scheme Feature

01 Re-excavation of the Khal Length 2.60 km

02 Retaining wall Varying design as per detailed drawings

03 Slope protection Earth filling and compaction, sand filling and CC work

Source: Detailed Design Report 2018

The scope of work includes ensuring that construction and/ or implemented of the works will be in an

environmentally sustainable manner and in full compliance with Bangladesh’s and the Asian

Development Bank’s environmental safeguard policies and regulations. The scope of services in brief

is as follows:

• Document baseline data for various environmental attributes on physical, water,

ecological pollution and physical cultural resources and Socio-economic profile;

• Assess positive and negative environmental impacts of the proposed works;

• Prepare environmental mitigation measures and management plans to effectively address

the impacts;

• Prepare IEE so that these are acceptable to Department of Environment (DoE),

Bangladesh and the Asian Development Bank;

• Prepare post-project monitoring programs, institutional arrangement to implement the

environmental plans; and

• Prepare cost estimates for the management and monitoring programs.

1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The package CTEIP/BHO/DR/08has followed the Environmental Assessment Review Framework

(EARF) subproject selection criteria as enumerated in PPTA document. The approach in preparation

of Initial Environmental Examination has been to follow the sequence of steps adopted in an EIA

study in relation to EARF. Apart from following standard environmental impact assessment practices

and procedures, methodologies have deployed advanced technologies, techniques and tools to the

extent these are applicable and relevant to this project. The approach and methodology flow chart are

presented in Figure 3. Toward ascertaining baseline conditions and assessing the impacts during

construction and operation of the project, the consultants have taken into account the various

parameters of the environment – topography, physiography, soils, hydrology and drainage,

meteorology, qualities of ambient air and noise, surface water, groundwater, biodiversity, socio-

economic aspects including gender issues, land/property, physical and cultural resources. The

baseline data for environmental attributes were collected from primary and secondary sources. The

primary sources include site visits and visual inspection. The secondary sources include the reports,



books, maps and documents from various government and non-government organizations on subject

matter. The impacts are assessed for various phases of project cycle namely:

• Impacts due to project location and design,

• Impacts due to project construction, and

• Impacts due to project operation.

1. The impactsare categorized as negative and positive. The standard methodology for the review,

field visit data collection, impact assessment and formulation of management plans is adopted.

The Bangladesh National Acts, Legislation and Laws were consulted with a view to ensuring

compliance with various requirements. The environmental attributes were compiled from both

primary and secondary sources.

2. The management plans are essential to ensure that stress/ loads on the systems are within

carrying capacity. The management plan aims at maintaining the environmental quality of project

area at-least in pre-project stage. An environmental management strategy/ plans was developed

to mitigate the adverse impacts. Efforts are made to enhance the quality of environmental

attributes.

3. It is necessary to monitor the environmental attributes during construction and operation.

Monitoring would indicate any environmental problems, which have reviewed. This will facilitate to

assess the effectiveness of management and/or mitigation measures.

1.5 FORMAT OF THE REPORT

This report has been prepared taking into consideration the IEE mechanisms, procedures and

contents spelt out in Environmental Conservation Act of 1995 and its amendments in 2000, 2002 and

20104 of Bangladesh and ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) and Safeguard policy

statement (2009). The main findings are reported in conclusions and recommendations for discloser

locally and the ADB web site. The report has an Executive Summary in the beginning.

• Chapter 1introduces the project along with the project background, objectives and

scope of the study and an outline on the approach and methodology adopted for the

study.

• Chapter 2 is a concise document on the policy and strategies; legal instruments, and

institutional arrangement under which the project will be developed.

• Chapter 3 is on the Project Description, which highlights the need for the

development. The project Construction Schedules material requirements and cost of

project are also summarized.

• Chapter 4 is on the baseline environmental and social conditions in pre-construction

phase in sufficient detail to enable an adequate assessment of the potential

environmental and social impacts.

• Chapter 5 is on Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and describes the

environmental impacts that could occur because of the proposed project.

• Chapter 6 is on Grievance Redress Mechanism;

• Chapter 7 is on public consultation;

• Chapter 8 is on Conclusion and Recommendations.

The literature, books, reports and maps referred are presented as footnotes in the main body of the

report. At the end, the report has Annexure, whichare reported in the main body of the report.

4ECA Amendment 2000 focuses on ascertaining responsibility for compensation in cases of damage to ecosystems, increased provision of punitive measures both for fines and imprisonment and the authority to take cognizance of offences. ECA Amendment 2002 elaborates restrictions on polluting automobiles; restrictions on sale, production of environmentally harmful items like polythene bags; assistance from law enforcement agencies for environmental actions; break up of punitive measures; and authority to try environmental cases. In ECA Amendment 2010, no individual or institution (government or semi-government/non-government/ self-governing can cut any hill or hillock; earth-fill or change the status of any water body/wetland/lakes/natural canals, etc., even in national interest; the aforementioned activities can be done only after getting clearance from respective the departments/agencies/authorities.



DESK RESEARCH

- Lit review

- Acts and legislation

- Reconnaissance

- Discussion

SCOPING

- Screening

- Method development

- Identification of parameters

FIELD VISIT

- GPS analysis

- Visual analysis

- Photographic documentation

- Etc.

ECOLOGY

- Flora

- Fauna

- Fisheries and

forestry

- Food chain

POLLUTION

- Water

- Air

- Noise

- Soil

PHYSICAL

- Topography

- Hydrology

- Land use

- Drainage

SOCIAL

- Demography

- Infrastructure

- Cultural

resources

- Economy

- Education

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

- Compilation of baseline data

- Cross check and superimposition

with design

- Analysis and interpretation

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

- Collect public opinion

- Share info with stakeholders

Impact

ANALYSIS AND SCREENING OF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS No Impact

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(IEE)

PREPARATION OF EMP

FIELD VERIFICATION

- Review for actual cost

- Review for applicability

- Rationale

ENV MONITORING PROGRAMS

Figure 3IEE approach and methodology resulting to EMP



Figure 4 Location map of the proposed sub-project (CTEIP/BHO/DR/08)



Figure 5Detail layout of the proposed sub-project in Bhola



CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY

2.1 NATIONAL RELEVANT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES

This Section describes the relevant policies and strategies, legal instruments, institutional

arrangement and framework applicable to CTEIP-related rehabilitation and /or construction activities

in various Pourashava areas in the Bangladesh coastal region. It summarizes the National Laws and

describes the procedure for obtaining environmental permits to allow project implementation. Over the years the Government of Bangladesh has enacted environmental acts, rules, policies and regulation

toward imposing restrictions facilitating minimization / mitigation of likely impacts due to development

projects. The most important Act is Environmental Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA, 1995) and

Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997).

2.1.1 National Environmental Policy

The National Environmental Policy was adopted in 1992 and is now under revision. It embraces

different sectors related to agriculture, forest, power, health, transport, housing etc. The central theme

of policy is to ensure protection and improvement in environment. The policy gives a thrust to

sustainable development and long-term use of natural resources. The National Environment Policy

contains policy statements and strategic options with regard to population and land-use management, management and utilization of natural resources and other socio-economic sectors, as well as the

necessary arrangements for the implementation of the policy. The policy enables:

• the country to strike a dynamic balance between population and resources while complying with the balance of ecosystems;

• to contribute to sustainable and harmonious socio-economic development such that, both in

rural and urban areas, and well-being in a sound and enjoyable environment; and

• To protect, conserve and develop natural environment.

2.1.2 National Water Policy (NWP)

The National Water Policy 2004 (NWP) aims for sustainable management of water. The Policy also

integrates the environmental impact assessment for water development projects. The policy stresses

on issues related to climate change such as:

• Augmentation of dry season flows;

• Awareness raising in consumptive use of surface and ground water;

• Structural and non-structural mitigation measures (early warning systems).

2.1.3 National Forest Policy (NFP 1994)

National Forest Policy (NFP) was established in 1994. Under this policy it is proposed to increase the

forest cover and to promote and oversee forestry activities. The policy fixed the target of forest cover

at least 20% of geographic area by the year 2015. Tree plantation on the roadside verges courtyards

of rural organization such as Union Parishad, school, Eidgah, mosque-Moktob, temple, club, orphanage home, madrassa etc. and other fallow lands around will be encouraged. The government

will encourage this type of initiative and extend technical and other supports.

2.1.4Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP 2009)

The Bangladesh climate change strategy and action plan was approved in 2009. The climate change

plan is built on six pillars namely i) food security, social protection and health; ii) Comprehensive

Disaster Management; iii) infrastructure; iv) research and knowledge management; v) Mitigation and

low carbon development; and vi) capacity building and institutional. The strategy and action plan

emphasize on eensuring existing assets (e.g., coastal and river embankments) are well maintained

and fit for purpose and that urgently needed infrastructure is put in place to deal with the likely



impacts of climate change. - enhance the capacity government ministries, civil society and private

sector to meet the challenge of climate change.

2.1.5 National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) 1995

The National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) is a wide rangingand multi-faceted

plan, which builds on and extends the statements set out in the NationalEnvironmental Policy.

NEMAP was developed to address issues and managementrequirements for the period 1995 to 2005

and sets out the framework within which therecommendations of the National Conservation Strategy

are to be implemented.

NEMAP has the following broad objectives:

• Identification of key environmental issues affecting Bangladesh;

• Identification of actions necessary to halt or reduce the rate of environmental degradation;

• Improvement of the natural and built environment;

• Conservation of habitats and biodiversity;

• Promotion of sustainable development; and

• Improvement of the quality of life of the people. (MoEF, 1995)

2.1.6 The National Water Policy, 1999

The National Water Policy of 1999 was adopted to ensure efficient and equitable management of

water resources, proper harnessing and development of surface and ground water, availability of

water to all concerned and institutional capacity building for water resource management. The Policy

considers water as being essential for human development, socio-economic development, poverty

alleviation and preservation of the natural environment.

Sub-clause (b) of Section 4.5 states that planning and feasibility studies of all projects (relevant to

water resources management or development or have interference on water sector) will follow the

Guidelines for the Project Assessment (GPA), the Guidelines for Peoples Participation (GPP), the

Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and all other instructions that may be issued

from time to time by the Government. Giving importance on the navigation sector, sub-clause (a) of

section 4.10 states that if a project may cause disruption to navigation, adequate mitigation measures

should be taken. The draft describes the importance of wetlands to the environment of Bangladesh

and makes cross-references to the various recent government policy issues that relate to wetland

management. In its draft form, it provides a series of recommendations as found in other policies

(MoEF, 1999).

2.1.7 Coastal Zone Policy, 2005

The Government has formulated the Coastal Zone Policy (CZP) that provides a general guidance

to all concerned for the management and development of the coastal zone in a manner so that

the coastal people are able to pursue their life and livelihoods within secure and conducive

environment.

The coast of Bangladesh is known as a zone of vulnerabilities as well as opportunities. It is prone

to natural disasters like cyclone, storm surge and flood. In this regard, for reducing risk, the policy

emphasizes the improvement of coastal polders and seeks to enhance safety measures by

combining cyclone shelters, multi-purpose embankments, road system and disaster warning

system.



2.1.8 Coastal Development Strategy, 2006

The Coastal Development Strategy (CDS) focuses on the implementation of thecoastal zone

policy. The CDS was approved by the Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee onICZMP on 13

February 2006. Nine strategic priorities, evolved through a consultation process, guide

interventions and investments in the coastal zone:

• ensuring fresh and safe water availability

• safety from man-made and natural hazards

• optimizing use of coastal lands

• promoting economic growth emphasizing non-farm rural employment

• sustainable management of natural resources: exploiting untapped and less explored

opportunities

• improving livelihood conditions of people especially women

• environmental conservation

• empowerment through knowledge management

• creating an enabling institutional environment

2.2 LEGAL INSTRUMENTS

The environmental policies are prepared by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). MoEF

also has formulated regulation toward clearance of projects from environmental angles based on

environmental impact assessment report. The Department of Environment is responsible for environmental issues while forest issues are looked after Department of Forests. Over the years the

MoEF has adopted number of legal instrument in the form Acts for the protection and conservation of

the environment. Table 2summarizes the Environmental Legislation applicable to the sub-project.

Table 2Applicable GoB Environmental Legislation

Sl.No Legislation Requirement for the Project Relevance

1 Environmental

ConservationAct of 1995

andamendments in 2000,

2002and 2010

• Restriction on operation and process, which can be continued or cannot be initiated in the ecologically critical areas

• Regulation on vehicles emitting smoke harmful to the environment

• Remedial measures for injuries to ecosystems

• Standards for quality of air, water, noise and soil for different areas and limits for discharging and emitting waste

• Environmental guidelines

The provisions of the Act apply

to the entire sub-project in the

construction and operation and

maintenance (O&M) phases.

2 Environmental

ConservationRules of

1997 andamendments in

2002 and 2003

Environmental clearances

• Compliance to environmental quality standards

The sub-project is categorized

as Orange-B and requires LCC

and ECC. All requisite

clearances from DoE shall be

obtained prior to

commencement of civil works.

3 Forest Act

1927&amendments (2000)

• Clearance for any felling, extraction, and transport of forest produce

Refer Baseline and EMP

4 Bangladesh

ClimateChange Strategy

and ActionPlan of 2009

• Ensure existing assets (e.g., coastal and river embankments) are well maintained and fit for purpose and that urgently needed infrastructures (cyclone shelters and urban drainage) is put in place to deal with the likely impacts of climate change.

• enhance the capacity government ministries, civil society and private sector to meet the challenge of climate change

Considered in project design

components



5 Bangladesh Labour Law

of2006

• Compliance to the provisions on employment standards, occupational safety and health, welfare and social protection, labour relations and social dialogue, and enforcement

• Prohibition of employment of children and adolescent

The provisions of the act apply

to the entire sub-project in the

construction and O&M phases.

Provides for occupational health

and safety of workers and

community during construction

phase.

6. The Building Construction

Act, 1952 (amended

&gazetted in 2008)

Act is in English and rules

currently available in Bangla:

Pourashava to develop the

conditions under this Act but

have to utilize.

7. The Town Improvement

Act 1953

Only applicable for RAJUK and

therefore not relevant.

8. Building Construction

Rules 2008

Building Construction Rules

2008 version appropriate to

Dhaka City. Pourashava

utilizing 1996 version.

9. Bangladesh National

Building Code (BNBC)

2006

Bangladesh National Building

Code (BNBC) 2006 currently

not gazetted by the GoB.

Approved copy 1993 referred

for which the relevant clauses

have been closely followed and

incorporated within IEE.

10. Bangladesh Water Act,

2013

• Restriction on design, operation and process in order to comply to the requirements of the Act for integrated development, management, extraction, distribution, usage, protection and conservation of water resources for better management of water resources

• The provisions of the Act apply to the entire sub-project in the design, construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) phases.

• Requires LCC and ECC. All requisite clearances from DoE shall be obtained prior to commencement of civil works.

11. Water Pollution Control

Ordinance, 1970

EPCO’77 superseded

WPCO’70 & extended the

control, prevention & abatement

of pollution to the entire

environment & expanded

definition of “pollution” from that

specifically relating to waters to

“air, water or soil”.

12. Environmental Pollution

Control Ordinance, 1977

• EPCO’77 repealed, and ECA’95 & ECR’97 enacted

• Environmental Pollution Control Board formed under EPCO’77 has now grown into DoE

13. National Environmental

Policy, 1992 (revised in

2015)

• Restriction on operation and process to maintain overall development through protection and improvement of environment

• Remedial measures for injuries to ecosystems

• Standards for quality of air, water, noise and soil for different areas and limits for discharging and emitting waste

The provisions of the policy

apply to the entire sub-project in

the construction and O&M

phases through environmental

management.

14. National Environmental

Management Plan, 1995

NEMAP’95 includes activities

relating to fisheries and

agriculture



15. The Environmental Court

Act, 2000 (amended in

2002 & 2010)

• Compliance to the relevant provisions & requirements of ERA’95 & ECR’97

• The provisions of the Act apply to the entire sub-project in the construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) phases.

• Requires LCC and ECC. All requisite clearances from DoE shall be obtained prior to commencement of civil works.

16. The National Water Policy,

1999

• Restriction on operation and process in order for protection of water quality

The provisions of the policy

apply to the entire sub-project in

the construction and O&M

phases through environmental

management.

17. Ozone Layer Destruction

Materials (Control) Rules,

2004

No relevance with the project

18. Bio-safety Rules, 2012 No relevance with the project

(Source: TA 8128 Coastal Towns Infrastructure Improvement Project Volume 6)

2.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS / FRAMEWORK

2.3.1 Bangladesh Institutional arrangement

The environmental approvals process in Bangladesh is overseen by the Department of Environment (DoE), under the auspices of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). The key national

regulations which drive this process are:

• Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA) and associated amendments -

the ECA is the overall instrument which authorizes DoE to establish the EIA process and

associated regulations.

• Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 (ECR) and associated amendments - the ECR

provides the framework to the IEE/EIA process including the phasing of the various steps of

the studies, and categorization of various industry types based on regulatory requirements.

These regulations also provide various complimentary regulations such as effluent discharge

and air emissions limits for industries.

DoE has also published the EIA Guidelines for Industries, 1997 (EIAGI)–while not a formal

regulatory instrument, this is currently the official industry guideline for preparing IEE/EIA studies in

Bangladesh in accordance with the requirements of the ECR.

2.3.2 Department of Environment (DoE)

The main Ministry, Department, Institutions and Boards responsible for development of policy, framing

regulation, developing projects, monitoring and approval of issues related to environment protection

and conservation are presented in this section. The Department of Environment (DoE) was established in 1977 under the EnvironmentPollution Control Ordinance, 1977. During 1987-89,

Forestry was a Division of Agriculture Ministry with a Secretary to Government in charge of the

Forestry Division. With the formation of the new Ministry of Environment and Forests, in 1989, both

the departments were transferred to this new Ministry. The DoE has been placed under the MoEF as

its technical wing and is statutorily responsible for the implementation of the Environment

Conservation Act, 1995. Besides these two departments, MoEF controls the Bangladesh Forest

Industries Development Corporation (BFIDC), Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI) and

Bangladesh National Herbarium (BNH).



The Ministry of Environment & Forests is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the

Central Government, for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of

environmental and forestry programmes. MoEF oversees all environmental matters in the country and

is a permanent member of the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council. The Ministry

also plays a pivotal role as a participant of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The principal activities undertaken by Ministry of Environment & Forests consist of conservation & survey

of flora, fauna, forests and wildlife, prevention & control of pollution, forestation & regeneration of

degraded areas and protection of environment, in the framework of legislations. The main tools

utilized for this include surveys, impact assessment, control of pollution, regeneration programmes,

support to organizations, research to solve solutions and training to augment the requisite manpower,

collection and dissemination of environmental information and creation of environmental awareness

among all sectors of the country's population. The organizational structure of the ministry covers a

number of divisions, directorate, board, subordinate offices, autonomous institutions and public sector

undertakings. In short, Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) has the following major functions:

A. Management of environment and ecology.

B. Matters relating to environment pollution control.

C. Conservation of forests and development of forest resources (government and private), forest

inventory, grading and quality control of forest products.

D. Forestation and regeneration of forest extraction of forest produce. E. Plantation of exotic cinchona and rubber.

F. Botanical gardens and botanical surveys.

G. Tree plantation.

H. Planning cell is responsible for preparation of schemes and coordination in respect of forest.

I. Research and training in forestry.

J. Mechanized forestry operations.

K. Protection of wild birds and animals and establishment of sanctuaries.

L. Matters relating to marketing of forest produce.

M. Liaison with international organizations and matters relating to treaties and agreements with

other countries and world bodies relating to subjects allotted to this Ministry.

2.3.3 Other relevant departments

Apart from two major departments, i.e., Department of Environment and Department of Forest,

working under this ministry, there are two others as discussed below:

• Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI)is mandated to provide research support to

the Forestry sub-sector of the country, including Forest Department, Bangladesh Forest

Industries Development Corporation, NGO and other private enterprises. BFRI's research

activities aim to develop appropriate technologies to maintain sustainable productivity of

forest land and of forest industries without resource depletion.

• Bangladesh National Herbarium (BNH) is a plant survey, collection, identification and

conservation organization. It documents the plant biological diversity of the country and its

collections are accessible samples of natural population. The collection of the herbarium is a

national property that goes down to the posterity through generation for hundreds of years

and work as reference materials on the flora of the country. The National Herbarium serves

as repository of technical information on plant genetic resources and advises the Government

on technical aspects of question dealt with by the herbarium. It also provides direction

required in the implementation of policies laid down by the Government in relation to plant

biodiversity conservation.

2.3.4 Environmental approval framework

Key milestones in the approvals process are outlined inFigure 6. These comprise:

• Project Authorization Letter: Formal authorization of the Project by the Department of Energy

and Mineral Resources is required in order for the environmental approvals process to formally

commence.



• No Objection Certificate (NOC) – An NOC must be received from the Deputy Commissioner in

the sub-project area before the SCC application can be made.

• Site Clearance Certificate (SCC) – An SCC will be issued by DoE upon approval of the IEE

study (note that the IEE submission is to include the Project Authorization Letter, NOC and SCC

application form). The SCC will include a ToR for the IEE/EIA study, and typically provides

authorization for site establishment works5 to commence.

• Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) – The ECC will be issued by DoE upon approval of

the EIA study (including associated EMP). The ECC allows project construction to commence,

and contains specific approvals requirements for matters such as pollution control and

environmental monitoring.

2.3.5 Occupational health and safety

During construction, the project will conform to the labor laws and occupational and health related rules as outlined in Table 3.

Table 3Relevant Occupational Health and Safety Laws and Rules

Title Overview

Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 Provides for safety of work force during construction period. The act provides guidance of employer’s extent of responsibility and the worker’s right to compensation in case of injury caused by accident while working.

Sewerage Authority Act, 1996 The act calls for ensuring water supply and sewerage system to the public, preservation of system, and other related health and environmental facilities for the community.

Labor Relations under Labor General concerns during the project implementation state that the project manager must

5This typically includes activities such as site clearing, construction of access roads and site fencing.

Figure 6Bangladesh Environmental Regulatory Approvals Process



Laws, 1996 recognize labor unions.

Public Health (Emergency Provisions) Ordinance, 1994

Calls for special provisions with regard to public health. In case of emergency, it is necessary to make special provisions for preventing the spread of disease, safeguarding the public health, and providing adequate medical service, and other services essential to the health of respective communities and workers during construction-related work.

The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948

Health, injury and sickness benefit should be paid.

The Employer's Liability Act, 1938

Covers accidents, risks, and damages with respect to employment injuries

Maternity Benefit Act, 1950 Framed rules for female employees, who are entitled to various benefits for maternity Source: Bangladesh Government Rules and Regulation book.

2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE PROCEDURE

Under ECR 1997 industrial units and projects are classified into four categories according to “their site

and impact on the environment”, and each category (Green, Orange-A, Orange-B and Red) requires

a different level of environmental assessment as a prerequisite for granting the ECC that allows the

project to proceed. The Environmental Clearance Certification Process is shown in Figure 7.

Rule 7 of the ECR indicates that the application for ECC must be made to the relevant DoE Divisional

Officer, and the application for RED category projects will include the following:

• Completed Application for ECC, and the appropriate fee;

• Report on the feasibility of the project;

• Report on the IEE for the project;

• Report on the environmental management plan (EMP);

• No objection certificate from the local authority;

• Emergency plan relating to adverse environmental impact and plan for

• Mitigation of the effect of pollution; and

• Outline of the relocation and rehabilitation plan (where applicable).

Under the ECR, DoE has 30 days to respond to receipt of the ECC application for an RED category

project.

The Environmental Legislation in Bangladesh, particularly the BangladeshEnvironment Conservation

Act, 1995 (Amended in 2002), states that any developmentproject shall require ‘Environmental

Clearance’ from the Department of Environment (DoE)so as to ensure environmental sustainability.

The proposed rehabilitation activities of Bhola Khal falls under the "Red Category" as per the

Environment Conservation Rules, 1997, which requiressubmitting a report on the Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) to the DoE, including adetailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

This report is to be assessed by the DoEand based on the overall environmental friendliness and

socio-economic viability of theproject, Environmental Clearance may be obtained.



2.4.1Environmental Category: Bangladesh

For the purpose of issuance of Environmental Clearance Certificate, the industrial units and projects

shall, in consideration of their site and impact on the environment, be classified into the following four

Figure 7Environmental Clearance Process in Bangladesh



categories: (a) Green; (b) Orange – A; (c) Orange – B; and (d) Red. The Industries and projects

included in the various categories are specified in sub-rule (1) have been described in Schedule – 1.

The ECA indicates that all industrial units or projects must obtain a Location Clearance Certificate

(LCC) and Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from the Department of Environment (DoE). No

industrial unit or project shall be established or undertaken without obtaining environmental clearance from DoE in the manner prescribed by the rules. The environmental category of projects is listed in

Schedule – 1 of ECR (1997) and the khal re-excavation sub-project in Bhola falls in category

RED.Table 4 describes ECR (1997) classification for projects.

Table 4Classification of projects according to EC 1997

Sl.No Components Items in Schedule-1 of ECR DOE Classification

01 Schedule 1

Sl. No. 66

Construction/reconstruction/expansion of flood control

embankment, polder, dike, etc.

RED

02 Schedule 1

Sl. No. 60

Engineering Works: capital above 10 hundred thousand

taka

RED

Source: ECR 1997

2.4.2 Environmental Category: ADB

Asian Development Bank (ADB) requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of

ADB’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS

(2009). This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans,

sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private

sector loans.

Screening and categorization: The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of

the project; the sensitivity, scale, nature, and magnitude of its potential impacts; and the availability of

cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts,

and are assigned to one of the following four categories:

• Category A:Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is

required to address significant impacts.

• Category B:Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant

environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is

regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

• Category C:Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is

required, although environmental implications are reviewed.

• Category FI:Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity

investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental

management system, unless all projects will result in insignificant impacts.

As per above ADB environmental classification, the sub-project in Bhola falls in Category B.

2.4.3Bangladesh Environmental Standards

The Ministry of Environment and Forest has developed standards from time to time for water and air

quality for discharge in the ambient air. The relevant standards are summarized in Table 5.



Table 5Relevant Environmental Quality Standards

Sl.No Standards ECR 1997 Rule

1 Air Quality Schedule 2

2 Inland Surface Waters Schedule 3

3 Drinking Water Schedule 3

4 Noise Schedule 4

5 Sound from Motor Vehicles Schedule 5

6 Emission from Motor Vehicles Schedule 6

7 Odor Schedule 8

8 Sewage Discharge Schedule 9

9 Waste water from Industrial Units Schedule 10

Source: ECR 1997

2.4.4 Institutional Capacity

The MoEF has the capacity to formulate policy, legislation, standards and review the environmental

impact assessment (EIA) of the development projects. The project is cleared by two committees. The

Pourashava gives the site clearance by location clearance committee (LCC). The project is submitted to DoE for environmental clearance committee (ECC). The projects are implemented at local or

Pourashava level and executed at central level. Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)

executes the projects on water supply, sewerage, solid waste management, etc. The environmental

impact assessment is conducted by the consulting agencies by outsourcing. The sphere of LGED

activities is for a better environment and health. Most of the engineers involved with design and construction activities are familiar with the environmental issues. LGED has also appointed an

Executive level officer to look into the critical issues. The LGED is assisted by consultants for

monitoring of environmental attributes and training. LGED has established a quality control lab where

parameters related to water, waste water and soils can be monitored. However, there is a scope to train engineers at each level for conducting environmental impact assessment and preparation of

management plans. Further, to avoid adverse negative environmental impacts of a proposed works,

no contract tender should be launched before specific IEE / EIA based on final design is prepared,

DoE approve the EMP with the management measures.



CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 STUDY AREA

Bhola, the principal town of Bhola District became a municipality on lst October, 1920. It was

reorganized as a Town Committee under basic democracy ordinance 1959. After liberation, Bhola

Town Committee was again reorganized as Bhola Pourashava on 20th January, 1972 by Bangladesh

Local Council and Municipal Committee (Amendment) order. As part of the present administrative reform Bhola Pourashava has become the Bhola District town. The location map is shownin Figure 2

in Chapter 1.

3.2 EXISTING EVIRONMENT

The proposed sub-project will involve re-excavation of PD-01: Re-Excavation of Bhola Khal under

Ward no. 03,07 & 09. (Ch. 2+600 to 4+750m). Length:2.150 Km. Next few paragraphs describe the

existing conditions of the khal.

3.2.1 Drainage condition

• Feature: The khal is connected to the north with Tentulia river under the Kashishwar bridge

and the proposed re-excavation works ends at the south point which is connected with

Hospital road bridge.

Existing Environment

Except the north end at Tentulia river connection, navigability is non- existing in the the entire khal

during the winter season.See Figure 8 for details. During the monsoon, water level rises up to 6 ft at

the hospital road bridge. The source of water is the tidal connection of Tentulia river to the north.

However, it possible that rainwater runoff may also contribute to the khal water level significantly during the monsoon.

3.2.2 Sanitation

• Feature: Municipal drainage system and individual drainage to the khal


Figure 8 Existing drainage condition in Bhola Khal (left: North view, right: South view)



Exact estimates of how many outlets drains the pourashava water to Bhola khal are inexistant. This

consultant, during field visit, counted 26 outlets. There are still many that cannot be visually indetified

as most areas of the khal is inaccsisable. Accourding to the pourashava officials, the best guess is 40

outlets that drain to the khal. It was alos observed from the filed visit that, in Bhola khal all the

households stading by the banks, discharge their waste water directly to the khal. This waste wate include household waste water and direct discarge of toilet sewage. See Figure 9 for details.

3.2.3Solid waste

• Feature: Solid waste pile up inside khal.


During field visit, it was observed that the khal, especially in the northern part up to the Bola Govt.

School is filled up soil waste from local bazar and households. The solid waste is blocking the the

navigability of the water and as well as highly polluting the water body. See Figure 10 for details.

3.2.4 Retaining walls

• Feature: Existing retaining walls


Figure 9 Existing outfall (left) pourashava and (right) household in Bhola Khal

Figure 10 Existing solid waste fill up in Bhola Khal



there are exisiting retaining walls in Bhola Khal. Some are are still in good condition. The details

inventory of the exisitng retaining walls are illustrated in the drwaing set. See Figure 11for photos.

3.2.5 Encroachment

• Feature: Encroachment along the Bhola khal


During field visit, several examples of illegal encroachment of the Khal have been found. Most of them are temporary structure that are removable within a day or two. See Figure 12for details.

3.3 CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT

Khal improvement under the subproject is considered using the following utilization factors: (i) leading

to existing and proposed works, or any other establishment used as a shelter during disasters; (ii)

used for key public safety and health care facilities for post-disaster response; (iii) critical for emergency evacuation during disasters; (iv) access for emergency services, and provision of post-

disaster recovery and reconstruction goods (relief workers, food, medical supplies, etc.); (v)

contributing to flood defenses and vulnerable areas; (vi) frequently inundated due to floods; and (vii)

serving slum areas. Simultaneously with consideration of the above factors, assessment has also

been made of each of the subproject Khals against whether: (i) existing crest level is 600 millimeters

Figure 11 Existing retaining walls in Bhola Khal

Figure 12 Existing environment at Bhola Khal



(mm) above existing normal flood level; (ii) embankments are protected against surges; and (iii)

drainage is adequate to accommodate storm flows toward ensuring resilience to climate change and

other disaster-related phenomena.

3.4 LOCATION AND SELECTION OF THE SUBPROJECT

Priority is given to those drainage and flood control schemes that will result in the greatest benefits,

especially with respect to their contribution to climate change resilience, even if they are not the least-

cost. However, all subprojects will be reviewed to ensure this is achieved, and they will all contribute

effectively to mitigation of the effects of climate change, such as sea level rise and increased rainfall.

The Feasibility Study SPAR indicates that the Pourashava suffers water logging at several places

within the core and fringe areas, which hampers public life and seriously affects the Khals and

waterbodies in the immediate vicinity.

In view of the situation, primary, secondary and tertiary drains (PDs, SDs and TDs) are included in the

Stage I investment programme to overcome water logging problems.

(A) Drain will to be within the identified existing /proposed vulnerable areas considering

its biophysical and socio-economic aspects;

(B) Drainage system to be improved should benefit a substantial proportion of population;

(C) Will any good impacts on existing drainage or on a downstream property or water

course;

(D) Will drainage flow incorporate in to development designs as drainage collections,

collecting runoff from adjacent properties;

(E) Will water logging release from adjacent areas after construction of drain;

(F) Will drain provide service to the adjacent roads;

(G) Frequency of flooding in the surrounding proposed drainage areas;

(H) Extreme flooding is usually associated with high rainfall caused by tropical cyclone;

(I) Scope of industrial/commercial development; and

(J) Will reduce the Organic matter, Trash, Debris, Sedimentation Nutrient enrichment.

3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION

As mentioned earlier in this report, the construction of the proposed works, as per ECA 1995 classification and ADB SPS 2009 categorization, falls in Bangladesh environmental category RED

and in ADB SPS category B, respectively. Because of the construction of the proposed works, which

entails improvement of existing infrastructure and existing RoW’s, there is no problem due to land

acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement. The environmental issues related to construction are

anticipated during construction phase. IEE has, hence, been conducted following ECA, Bangladesh and ADB SPS 2009. The potential adverse environmental impacts are mainly related to the

construction period, which can be minimized by the mitigating measures and by adopting

environmentally sound engineering and construction practices as referred to in the Environmental

Management Plan (EMP).

3.6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

Various options were explored during the IEE stage of the proposed road construction/improvement

project and were weighed from all considerations such as cost, environment, and ease of

implementation and maximum utilization of available infrastructure. The aim of alternative analysis

has been to arrive at a development option, which maximizes the benefits while minimizing the

adverse impacts. The two alternatives were considered “No Project Scenario” and “With Project

Scenario”. More alternatives are presented along with environmental management plan.



3.6.1 Without Project Alternative

The ‘No Project Option’ in respect to the proposed project implies that the status quo is maintained.

This option may be suitable alternative from an environmental perspective as it ensures non-

interference with the existing environmental conditions. This option will however, involve several

losses on socioeconomic condition both to the local population and the nation as a whole. The local farmers/ population will continue to face the constraints they are currently experiencing due to

inefficient transport network and system and the anticipated economic development aimed at fulfilling

the infrastructure gap remain unattainable. The ‘No Project Option’ is the least preferred from the

socio-economic and partly environmental perspective due to the following factors:

• The socio-economic status of the Bhola residents would remain unchanged with

reduced interaction both at local and national levels;

• The local skills would remain under-utilized as no employment opportunities will be

created for local population who would have otherwise worked at the project area;

• Reduced business development due to current low navigability and low water for irrigation;

• The current erosion rate in the khal due to lack of maintenance will remain; and

• No project scenario case will also avoid social impacts due to the implementation of the

project.

3.6.2 With Project Alternative

Implementation of the project will contribute to socioeconomic improvement and will have positive impacts on residents’ life quality. The ‘With Project Alternative’ has the following advantages:

• There will be improved and assured transport (i.e., water way and irrigation facilities to the

residents of the Pourashava/District.

• Transport development will stimulate socio-economic development of the area. The proposed

improvement of khal with existing no infrastructure conditions comprise major deterrent to

commercial growth in the area, the project scenario will catalyse commercial growth in

various centres of the respective locality and will facilitate better business opportunities for

local people.

• Khal improved through the project will also result in savings in operation time of goods load-unloading;

3.7 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT WORK AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

The Bhola khal sub-project proposes the re-excavation of Bhola Khal. Bidding process shall not be

launched for the sub-project until ECC is obtained. The design report summarizes the quantities of

construction material6. These have been further utilized in assessing the environmental impact due to

development Khals. Part 1 of detailed estimate section of DEDreportsummarizes the proposed

development work and construction material needed. Section 3.8 gives a list of activity to be

performed during the construction of the sub-project.

3.8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

Construction schedule of Khals depends on the methodology adopted for construction. In general, the

time period will also depend on the resources put in place by the contractor. Designs were finalized in

December 2017. The package for the construction of the Bhola Khal is proposed to be implemented

by post-qualified contractors under a single envelope single stage bidding process through National

Competitive Bidding (NCB) procedures. The sub-project may take about 12 months for construction. A Typical Construction Schedule is shown in Table 6 including pre-construction and post construction

activities. The post construction will also include defect liability period of 12 months.

6 Detailed Design Report PAT/RD/01. LGED: December 2017



Table 6Typical Project Implementation Schedule

Source: Consultant’s computation

Note: Actual implementation schedule may differ.

Activity

Duration of month (number)

Pre-construction

Construction Post-construction

0-2

3-4

5-6

7-8

9-10

11-1

2

13-1

4

15-1

6

17-1

8

19-2

0

21-2

2

23-2

4

25-2

6

26-2

7

27-2

8

29-3

0

Detail designs, Tender documents and BOQ

Notice inviting Tender, Tender process

evaluation & award

Dewatering of Khal

Excavator mobilization, earth work

Picking up existing Material, Earth work for Box cutting, and sand Filling (drain and Drainage Works)

Constructing Sub Base for drain i.e. BC/CC and drainage works (bottom, vertical and top slabs)

Construction of protection walls

Footpath/side-road work with pre-cast CC block.

Embankment Protective works

Tree Plantation, Turfing, Jute mat and Vetiver grass

Rewatering of Khal

Testing, Commissioning, Monitoring and Evaluation and Defect liability Period



CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINES

4.1 METHODOLOGY USED FOR THE BASELINE STUDY

4.1.1 Secondary data

Data for this study has been primarily collected through comprehensive literature survey, discussion

with stakeholder agencies, and field visits to the proposed subproject sites. The literature survey

broadly covered the following:

• subproject details, reports, maps, and other documents available with the ADB CDTA PPTA

and DDS consultants, LGED, and Bhola Pourashava;

• relevant acts and extraordinary gazettes, and guidelines issued byGovernment of Bangladesh

agencies; and

• Literature on land use, soil, geology, hydrology, climate, socioeconomic profiles, and environmental planning documents collected from Government of Bangladesh agencies and

websites.

• Web search for literature

4.1.2 Primary data

Visits were undertaken to the subproject sites toward assessing the existing environment (physical,

biological, and socioeconomic) and gathering information in respect of the proposed sites and scale of

the proposed subproject. A separate socio-economic study was conducted to determine the

demographic information, archeological and religious places, densely populated pockets, and settlements. The methods used for primary data collection were:

• Transect walk, field GPS measurement, photographic records, need basis environmental

survey, observations,

Data were collected during the above site visits and were analyzed based upon which interpretations

were made to assess the physical, biological, and socio-economic features of the project area. The

relevant information is presented in the subsequence paragraphs.

4.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

4.2.1 Topography

The Bhola Pourashava is located inside the island of Bhola: the data available shows the variation of

ground level from minimum 1,40 m to maximum of 3.00 m with an average level is around 2.00m (PWD datum). All the khals in the area are interconnected and the water flowing towards the Meghna

and Tetulia Rivers. The main drainage are the Bhola Khal and their feeders, Baliakandi, Ali Nagar and

Andir khals-, which are used as the main outfall by the Pourashava’s drainage network. This drainage

network, either excavated or naturally formed, are mainly to serve the purpose of draining out excess

floodwater or localized rainfall during wet season.

4.2.2 Soils and general morphology

The eastern part of the region is a series of alluvial islands, usually formed of the characteristic

Meghna silt. Lying chiefly along the Meghna river, the Bhola Island is located in the coastal area,

having flat slope; its central part is generally higher than the level of ordinary high tide, and contains in

the interior only a few depression none of which is permanently filled with water. The western and north-western side of the district lies much lower, and a vast portion of this tract is covered by

marshes and swamps. Along the banks of the rivers Meghna and Tetulia the main island is protected

by an embankment constructed by BWDB. That is the highest part of the surface and is, for the most

part, raised above ordinary floods on the Basin of Meghna River.

The Pourashava area is located on the southern part of Bengal Basin making a part ofBarisal Gravity

High. The sedimentary layers are mostly horizontal to sub-horizontal and arefree from major tectonic



deformation in the fore deep area covering the central part of thebasin and this is expressed as river

to delta plain topography of the land.

4.2.3 Waterbodies

The greater Barisal region is formed of alluvial deposits, which has been work of the three rivers, the

Padma, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna. The region is a very typical part of the alluvial delta formed

by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and their feeders. It exhibits an unbroken flat area, traversed

by countless streams and rivers twisted into a network of channels which are changing their courses.

The soil consists of fine silt or sandy mud, very easily acted on and yielding readily to the rapid

currents produced by the sudden rise and fall of the rivers.

There are several ponds, canals (khals) and rivers inside and around Bholapourshava. See Figure 13 and Table 7 for details.

Source: Bhola Pourashava LGED Master plan

Table 7 Existing waterbodies in Bhola Pourshava

Type Nos. Area

Ha %

Pond/Ditch 271 20.87 80

Khal/canal 3 5.20 20

Total 279 26.07 100

Source: Bhola Pourashava Master Plan: LGED 2014

Figure 13 Existing drainage network of Bhola Pourashava



Due to influences of rainfall during monsoon, usually most of the Wards suffer with water logging.

Rainy season is the season when problems of water logging begin. Generally Bhola Pourashava

doesn’t have any flood problem from the overflow of the khals. This internal flood or water logging is

experienced within the town during peak monsoon time with high rainfall for long duration

4.2.4 Drainage Hazards

The area is particularly prone to the following drainage related hazards:

Frequent and severe tropical cyclones: higher wind speeds and storm surges leading to more

damage in the Pourashava area;

Heavier and more erratic rainfall: in Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna system, including Bangladesh,

during the monsoon resulting in Higher River flows: causing over-topping and breaching of

embankments and widespread flooding; River Bank Erosion: resulting in loss of homes and

agricultural lands to the rivers; and Increased Sedimentation: in riverbeds leading to drainage

congestion and water logging.

Being adjacent to Bay of Bengal, the entire area is utterly vulnerable to the hazard and risk associated

with cyclone and storm surge.

Sea level rise due to climate change leading to submergence of low lying areas of Pourashava and

saline water intrusion in rivers and into groundwater aquifers, reducing freshwater availability,

drainage congestion inside embankments, will adversely affect agriculture.

4.2.5 Rainfall and Temperature

The average monthly rainfall variation at Bhola BMD station (from 1973 to 2014)is shown in Figure

14. The hyetograph shows that the highest and lowest values of rainfall are observed during the

months of July (183 mm) and January (3 mm) respectively. Figure 14 below also shows the variations

of average maximum and average minimum temperatures at the Bhola BMD station (from 1973 to

2013). The average maximum temperature values range from around 29°C (January) to around 36°C

(April). Significant fluctuations in average minimum temperatures have been found, which varies from

10.3°C (January) to 24°C (August).

Source: www.meteoblue.com

4.2.6 Hydrology

In general, the Pourashava does not suffer from external flooding, but internal flooding occurs in most

of the words due to localized storm rainfall. Due to inadequate drainage system, it has become very hard to manage local storm water during heavy rain period and causes internal flood. Floods are

naturally occurred in every rainy season. The highest point of land is 5.521 m in ward no. 2 and

Figure 14 Historical temperature (left) and rainfall (right) record in Bhola



lowest point is 1.024 m in ward no. 4. The core area of the Pourashava is slightly high compared the

surrounding areas.

However, water Logging is common throughout Bhola, which results from man-made and natural

causes. High volume of rainfall and poor drainage system are most important causes of water logging.

There is no river within the Pourashava area. The main drainage network encompasses 3 canals

which are interconnected and carry out the storm water and the waste water to the river Meghna. The

Meghna River is the main drainage channel of the surface run-off for Bhola Pourashava.

The Bhola Pourashava lies in the coastal basin which is naturally low land and natural flooded area.

During monsoon time the channels and khals of the Pourashava are full to the water. Seasonal

flooding is mainly shallow but fluctuates tidally. It caused mainly by rainwater. Flooding by salt water occurs mainly on the lamed margins and exceptional high tides during the monsoon. Flooding also

takes place when storm surges associated with tropical cyclones occur.Apart from local flooding in the

coastal region`s Bhola Pourashava is not prone to severe flooding.

4.2.7Soils

In general, most of the top soils are acidic and sub-soils are neutral to slightlyalkaline. General fertility

level is moderate to high with low organic matter content and veryhigh CEC (Cation Exchange

capacity) and rich K status. There are limitations of high exchangeable Na and low Ca / Mgratio. The

Zn status is low to medium and the B and S status is medium to optimum.Figure 15gives an illustration of problem soils in Bangladesh.



Figure 15 Problem soils of Bangladesh



4.2.8Ambient Air Quality

Other than normal, there are no undue air emission sources at the construction site except for limited

vehicular emissions from inter-Pourashava traffic which are occasional and limited to a 3-4 meter

width on both sides of the market bound roads.

However, the air quality testing was performed in Daulatkhan Pourashava (near to Bhola) in 2017 through the Environmental Safeguard Monitoring of CTEIP implemented Contracts. Results of the air

quality monitored at the sub-projects location have been showed in below. Refer to Table 7 for results

of air quality test showing that the ambient air quality parameters of locations closed to Bhola are

within National Standard for Bangladesh.

Table 8 Ambient Air Quality in Daulatkhan Pourashava (near Bhola Pourashava)

Parameters Unit Bangladesh Standard DAU/CS/01

PM2.5 µg/m3 65 26.76

PM10 µg/m3 150 62.68

SPM µg/m3 200 -

SO2 µg/m3 365 14.29

NOx µg/m3 100 28.31

CO mg/m3 10 <1 Source: CTEIP Environmental Test Report (Package DAU/CS/01), November 2017

4.2.9Ambient Noise

The en-route area is peri-urban to urban within the location of the proposed works. The noise levels in

the Pourashava are similar to that of any small urban area. In the respective locations of the works,

noise is due to vehicles, machinery and other related activities, and is normally in the range of 55 to

75 dB(A).

4.2.10Water Quality

Hydro-geological investigation in Bhola Pourashava carried out under DPHE-DANIDA WSS Project

shows availability of groundwater in sufficient quantity within the area. Aquifer is confined and fully

protected by an impermeable layer. Table 8 gives the baseline data regarding ground water quality:

Table 9 Water quality in Bhola Pourashava

Sl No. Water Quality

Parameters

Presence of Parameter in

Bangladesh

Standard

Unit TTW 01 TTW 02

1 Arsenic (As) 0.05 mg/l 0.001 0.002

2 Chloride 150-600 mg/l 20 24

3 EC - µSlcm 502 512

4 Hardness 200-500 mg/l 210 193

5 Iron (Fe) 0.3-1.0 mg/l 1.13 0.37

6 Manganese (Mn) 0.1 mg/l 0.13 0.08

7 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 1000 mg/l 245 250

Source: Central Laboratory DPHE, Mohakhali Daulatkhan Water Supply Project

4.2.11 Wind



Figure 16 below shows the distribution of average monthly wind speed at Bhola BMD station (from

1973 to 2013). Wind speed is the highest in April (around 167 kph) and the lowest in December

(around 49.7 kph). During cyclone SIDR (2007) and AILA (2009), 1-minute sustained wind speeds

were recorded as 260 kph and 120 kph respectively. SIDR caused more damage due to its high wind

speed.

Source: www.meteoblue.com

4.3 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

4.3.1 Vegetation

The sites are located in semi urban areas where vegetation is rare. Few shrubs and grass are grown naturally in the area, which are of no conservation significance (See Figure 17). There are no national

parks or sanctuaries. There are also no rare or endangered species reported. There was no evidence

of wild life of the higher species within the urban location.

Homestead vegetation is the major type of terrestrial flora of the Khal area.It can be divided into two

groups considering floral diversity and density derivedby soil salinity as well as distance between

settlement and the river. The trees which aresuccessfully adapted in peripheral homesteads are:

Sirish (Albiziasaman), Babla (Acacia Arabica), Khai Babla (Pithocelobiumdulci), Taal

(Borassusflabeliffer) and Narikel (Cocosnucifera). According to the vegetation survey,several tree

species are present in different canopy layers and their composition issimilar all over the polder area.

The most common plants that are now planted by local people are: Aam, Kola, Boroi, Tatul, Peyara

etc. Bamboo bushes are also commonly foundin each homestead area. With regards to utilization and

annual return, the homesteadhabitat is highly productive land. In addition to providing food, fodder,

medicine, timber andother household requirements, homestead vegetation is also the major source of

and renewable biomass energy. Many species of undergrowth wild plants are found in

homesteadvegetation and village groves. Among this type, Swetkan (Euphorbia thymifolia), Bhuiamla

(Phylanthusniruri), Nata (Caesalpiniabonduc), Sezi (Euphorbia antiquorum) and Jiga

(Lenneacoromandelica) are common.

Figure 16 Wind Rose diagram (left) and wind speed graph (right) in Bhola



The site vegetation is typically dominated by annuals or herbaceous perennials such as water-

purslane (Ludwigiapalustris), smartweeds (Persicaria spp.), rice cut-grass (Leersiaoryzoides), swamp-

candles (Lysimachiaterrestris), ditch-stonecrop (Penthorumsedoides), or little spike-rush

(Eleocharisacicularis).

4.3.2 Fisheries

The fish habitats are primarily classified under two broad categories, capture fishery and culture

fishery. Internal khals as well as floodplains are considered as capture fish habitats. The culture fish

habitats are of two types: Homestead fishponds and commercial fish ponds. The main fish species

reported in fish farming ponds are mainly major carps and exotic carps. At present major carps such

as ruhu (Labeorohita), catla (Catlacatla) and mrigal (Chirrhinuscirrhosus) along with exotic carps such

as silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp( Ctenopharyngodonidella), bighead carp

(Aristichthysnobilis) and common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) are cultured in ponds and gained much

popularity because of its easy culture system, rapid growth, disease resistance and high market price.

During field visit in December2017the consultant observed that culture fisheries (90%) dominate

Bhola fish market. The rest is capture fisheries (10%).

4.3.3 Agriculture

Agricultural farming practices within most of the study area have adjusted to the agro climatic

conditions prevailing in the Kharif (March-October) and the Rabi (November-February) seasons. The

crop year starts from the Kharif-I season characterized by high temperature, high evaporation, low

humidity and low rainfall. S. Vegetables, T. Aus (Local) and T. Aus (HYV) are grown in this season. High rainfalls, lower temperatures, high humidity, low solar radiation and high floods that recede

towards the end of the season, characterize the Kharif-II season. T-Aman (Local) and T. Aman (HYV)

crops are grown in this season. The Rabi season is characterized bylow temperatures, high solar

radiation, low evaporation, insignificant rainfalls and low humidity. A wide range of crop varieties such

as W. Vegetables, Spices, Potato, Chilli, Wheat, Pulses, Oilseeds and Boro (HYV) crops area grown in these seasons. Sugarcane and Orchard are perennial crops in this area. Some occasional

overlapping occurs in the area. Such as Kharif-I crops (S. Vegetables, T. Aus) are harvested in Kharif-

II season, Kharif-II crops (T. Aman) are harvested in the Rabi season and Rabi crops (W. Vegetables,

Spices, Potato, Chilli, Wheat, Pulses, Oil seeds and Boro) are harvested in Kharif-I season.

4.3.4 Economic Development

The Pourashava has insufficient capacity and resources and is finding it difficult to respond to the

need for forward planning and investment in basic urban infrastructure and services. This undercut

sustainable local urban governance, makes local planning ineffective and undermines local economic

development. The impact of climate change further exacerbates the weaknesses in municipal

management more generally.

Figure 17 Vegetation cover in the Khal site



4.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

4.5.1 Population

The population density is the highest at ward no 4 (1042 person/sq.km) and lowest in ward no.3 (1389 person /sq.km). According to BBS (2011), the average population density of Bhola Pourashava is 2739 person /sq.km. From the socio-economic survey, it has been observed that 37 are within the age group of 35-59 years and on the other hand, in the age group 18-34 years the proportion of male and female are about 34% and 32% respectively. It has been observed that in all the word the number of young population is proportionately higher. Rate of urbanization is 20.86% (BBS-2011).Information on population and number of households with average size of Bhola is presented in Table 10. Table 10 Bhola population data

Administrative Unit Households (nos.) Population Average HH

Size

Total Male Female

BholaPourashava 9635 47477 24493 22984 4.71

Ward No. 01 1118 5319 2638 2681 4.80

Ward No. 02 873 4132 2056 2076 4.60

Ward No. 03 1223 6290 3105 3185 4.80

Ward No. 04 1423 7447 3980 3467 4.70

Ward No. 05 1028 4918 2578 2340 4.70

Ward No. 06 895 4630 2709 1921 4.70

Ward No. 07 940 4528 2266 2262 4.70

Ward No. 08 1041 5229 2665 2564 4.90

Ward No. 09 1094 4984 2496 2488 4.60

Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (Base year population 2011)

4.5.2 Land use

Land use pattern can be an indicator to understand the poverty incidence in agiven area. Bhola

Pourashava’s land use is given in Table 11 and shown in Figure 20.

Table 11 Existing Landuse in Bhola Pourashava

No Land Use Type Area Percentage

Acre Hectare

1 Residential 957.69 387.73 33.40

2 Agriculture/Fallow 1469.34 594.88 51.25

3 Industrial 5.57 2.25 0.19

4 Commercial 38.55 15.61 1.35

5 Public/Administration 49.16 19.90 1.71

6 Institutional 68.71 27.86 2.3

7 Utilities 28.46 11.52 0.99

8 Recreation 11.73 4.75 0.41

9 Forest 34.89 14.12 1.22

10 Water body 167.07 67.64 5.83

11 Open land 35.73 14.47 1.25

Total 2867 1161 100



Source: Land use survey, 2009-2010 Bhola Pourashava

Source: LGED-SUGIIP 2011

4.5.3 Socio-economic Status

In the region, employed population is engaged in different occupations.According to BBS 2011, 88%

of the populations are engaged in agriculture sector. Hereagricultural sector includes farmer, agricultural labor, fishers, day labors etc. About 5%population is engaged in salaried service sector. It

includes population who are employingfor government, private sector jobs.

4.5.4 Other Existing Amenities for Community Welfare

The common property resources and/or community facilities in the area are differentsocial amenities

e.g. mosques, graveyards, temples, cremation grounds, playgrounds, open water bodies and

Eidgahs(place for offering Eid prayers). The local people use these for the purposes of religious,

social and cultural gathering. Besides these, the BWDBembankment is also very commonly used for

different livelihood purposes i.e. living or takesshelter by the local inhabitants.

Figure 18 Existing landuse in Bhola Pourashava



CHAPTER 5: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This section identifies the potential impacts that the various elements of the proposed sub-project may

have on aspects of the physical, biological and socio-economic environment. The identification of the

potential impacts will be considered for the two distinctive Project stages (construction and operation)

as detailed in later in this Chapter. The activities undertaken during each of these Project stages form the basis for potential impact identification and analysis.

Assessment of potential impacts requires a multi-disciplinary approach in which a wide range of

issues are taken into consideration to identify and determine which potential sub-project impacts may

be significant and therefore require the application of reasonable and effective management and/or

mitigation. Most sub-projects taken under CTEIP result in positive and negative potential impacts on the environment, society and economy, all of which are identified and assessed in this section.

Certain impacts identified in this section have the potential to be significant. The determination of

whether a given potential impact is significant depends on several factors:

� The potential for on-site and off-site impacts;

� The potential for direct and indirect impacts;

� The frequency and duration of a potential impact;

� The geographic area affected by a potential impact

� The period of time affected by any potential impact;

� The sensitivity of the receiving environment; and

� The degree of confidence with which the potential impacts of the action/activity are known

and understood.

Measures of potential impact significance as part of the Project planning and assessment phase

presented in this IEE have been determined using a risk-based model. The model is known as Leopold Matrix for risk assessment (Leopold et al. 19717).

5.1.1 Approach

Issues for consideration have been raised by the following means: (i) input from interested and

affected parties; (ii) desktop research of information relevant to the proposed subproject; (iii) site

visits; and (iv) evaluation of proposed design scope and potential impacts. Categorization of the

subproject and formulation of mitigation measures have been guided by ADB’s REA Checklist for

Khals and ADB SPS 2009.

The subproject will not have major negative impacts because activities will be localized/site-specific

and short, corridors of impact of will be on existing public ROWs, and construction will be conducted

within a relatively small area. Because of these,several aspects of the environmentare not expected

to be significantly affected by the subproject (Table 11).

Refer to the guidelines detailed in the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) given in AnnexureI of the

Environmental Management Plan (EMP), whereby the Contractor shall prepare and submit for

approval from the Employer, details of all required mitigate measures, associated with vehicular and

pedestrian road-user issues, during any possible closure and/or infringement to road access through the course of implementation.

7Leopold, Luna B.; Clarke, Frank E.; Hanshaw, Bruce B.; Balsley, James R. (1971). A Procedure for Evaluating Environmental

Impact. Geological Survey Circular 645. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey.



Table 12Environmental sectors in which the Subproject is expected to have insignificant Impacts

Field Rationale

A. Physical Characteristics

Topography, landforms, geology

and Soils • Required amount of materials will not cause alteration of topography,

landforms, geology and soils.

• Erosion hazard is insignificant as trenching and excavation works will be

conducted only during construction stage (short-term) and specific to sites

along public ROWs.

Climatic conditions • Short-term production of dust is the only effect on atmosphere. However,

impact is short-term, site-specific and within a relatively small area. There are

well-developed methods for mitigation.

Water quality • Trenching and excavation, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical

contamination from fuels and lubricants may result to silt-laden runoff during

rainfall, which may cause siltation and reduction in the quality of adjacent

bodies of water. However, impact is short-term, site-specific and within a

relatively small area. There are well-developed methods for mitigation.

Air quality • Conducting works at dry season and moving large quantity of materials may

create dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle related pollutants (such

as carbon monoxide, Sulphuroxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and

hydrocarbons) which will affect people who live and work near the sites.

• However, impact is short-term, site-specific and within a relatively small area.

There are well-developed methods for mitigation.

Acoustic environment • Construction activities will be on settlements, along and near schools and

areas with small-scale businesses. Temporary increase in noise level and

vibrations may be caused by excavation equipment, and the transportation of

equipment, materials, and people.

• However, the proposed subproject will follow existing ROW alignment and

impact is short-term, site-specific and within relatively small area. There are

well developed methods for mitigation.

B. Biological Characteristics

Biodiversity • Activities being located in the built-up area of Bhola Pourashava will not cause

direct impact on biodiversity values.

• The construction activities anticipate removal of few shrubs which are mainly

bushy trees that produce local fuel wood. Those trees are of not of any

commercial value or not ecologically vulnerable. Locals may collect that fuel

wood after felling of the trees.

C. Socioeconomic Characteristics

Land use • No alteration of land use. Rehabilitation of existing roads and bridges is

prioritized over new construction, using vacant government land and right of

way (ROW).

Type of community spread • No alteration on type of community spread.

• Road closure is not anticipated. Hauling of construction materials and

operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems.

Existing provisions for

pedestrians and other forms of

transport

• The proposed subproject will follow existing ROW alignment and impact is

short-term, site-specific and within relatively small area. There are well

developed methods for mitigation.

Socio-economic status • Subproject components will be located in government land and existing

ROWs thus there is no requirement for land acquisition or any resettlements.

• Manpower will be required during the 6-monthsconstruction stage. This can

result to generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue.

Thus potential impact is positive and long-term.



Field Rationale

Social receptors • Although construction of subproject components involves quite simple

techniques of civil work, the invasive nature of excavation and the subproject

sites being in built-up areas of BholaPourashava where there are a variety of

human activities, will result to impacts to the sensitive receptors such as

residents, businesses, and the community in general. These anticipated

impacts are temporary and for short duration.

D. Historical, Cultural, and Archaeological Characteristics

Physical and cultural heritage • The subproject components are not located in or near, excavation works will

not be conducted in the vicinities of identified historical, and sites.

5.1.2 IEE Process

The study has been developed following the guideline for environmental impact assessment of water

sector projects developed by the Flood Plan Co-ordination Organization (FPCO) in 1992 and updated

by Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO) in 2003. There is another guideline for EIA,

formulated by the Department of Environment (DoE) in 1997, which only includes the industrial

projects of the country, and has very limited emphasis on water sector developments. As such, the

EIA guideline of WARPO has been preferred and used in this study.

The process followed for conducting the IEE study included 9 steps (people’s participation and

feedback were considered in each step) as shown in Figure 19and the activities undertaken at each

step is described in the following sections.

5.1.3 Scoping

Scoping has been undertaken to identify the potential Area of Influence for the Project (and thus the

appropriate Study Area), to identify potential interactions between the Project and resources/receptors

in the Area of Influence and the potential impacts that could result from these interactions. It also

Figure 19 IEE process followed in this study



helps in developing and alternatives to the proposed action and in identifying the issues to be

considered in an IEE. Table 13 presents the resources/receptors considered in the scoping stage,

together with the changes that might indicate a potential Project-related impact.

Table 13 Resources/receptors considered in the scoping stage

Resources/Receptors Changes that May Indicate Potential Impacts

Environmental

Geology Changes to geology, geomorphology, topography

Soil Changes to physical and chemical properties and soil ecology

Surface Water Changes to physical, chemical or biological quality of rivers, lakes, seas and other

surface water bodies;

Introduction of exotic species, changes in habitat quality, abundance, diversity;

Effluent discharges

Groundwater Contamination of shallow or deep groundwater resources, change in ground water

resources

Sediments River/waterbed morphology, physical and chemical properties, benthic organisms.

Fisheries Changes in fisheries productivity

Vegetation Changes to vegetation population, health, species abundance and diversity and

impact on endangered and economic species, food chain effects

Wildlife Changes to wildlife assemblages, propagation, impact on endangered and

economic species, food chain effects

Air Emissions of NOx, SOx, PM, CO, VOC, greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O),

ozone, TSP etc

Noise Change in noise levels

Aesthetics Physical presence of facilities, increased night time light

Waste Generation of wastes – hazardous and non-hazardous

Social / Socio-economic

Population and physical

displacement

Changes in total population, gender ratio, age distribution. Physical displacement

from residence as a result of Project land take, or activities.

Social and Cultural Structure Disruption in local authority and governance structure; change in social behaviours;

alterations to social and cultural networks; intra and inter-ethnic conflict;

Economy and employment Change in national/local economy, employment, standard of living, occupation

Resource ownership and use Temporary or permanent restriction for accessing or using land or water, changes

in livelihood activities based on natural resources; changes in ownership of such

resources.

Cultural Resources Physical disturbance of shrines, burial grounds, archaeological resources or other

desecration or change in access to cultural resources, rituals or celebrations carried

out in their premise.



Resources/Receptors Changes that May Indicate Potential Impacts

Education and skills Change in availability or quality of education or skills provision, supply and demand

in certain skill sets etc.

Infrastructure and public services Improvement or pressure on existing urban/rural infrastructure or services including:

transportation; power, water, sanitation, security, waste handling facilities etc

Community Health and Safety

Environmental Change Decreased air quality (e.g., NOx, SOx, VOC, CO, PM), contamination of surface

waters and potable ground water, increased vibration and noise, increased night

time light beyond acceptable limits, changes to the visual environment.

Communicable and Non

Communicable Diseases

Change in incidence and /or prevalence of communicable and non-communicable

diseases or disease causing factors

Vector Borne Diseases Changes in the incidence and or prevalence of vector borne diseases, the density

of these vectors and their breeding grounds.

5.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

Potential impacts were assessed using the risk assessment methodology that considers impact

magnitude and sensitivity of receptors, represent below.

5.2.1 Impact Magnitude

For the impact magnitude the potential impacts of the project have been categorized as major,

moderate, minor or nominal based on consideration of the parameters such as: i) duration of the

impact; ii) spatial extent of the impact; iii) reversibility; iv) likelihood; and v) legal standards and

established professional criteria. These magnitude categories are described in the following table.

Table 14 Parameters for Determining Impact Magnitude

Parameter Major Medium Minor Nominal

Duration of

potential impact

Long term (more than 35

years)

Medium Term Lifespan of

the project (5 to 15 years)

Limited to

construction period

Temporary with no

detectable

potential impact

Spatial extent of

the potential

impact

Widespread far beyond

project boundaries

Beyond immediate Project

components, site

boundaries or local area

Within project

boundary

Specific location

within project

component or site

boundaries with no

detectable

potential impact

Reversibility of

potential impacts

Potential impact is

Effectively permanent,

requiring considerable

intervention to return to

baseline

Baseline requires a year or

so with some interventions

to return to baseline

Baseline returns

naturally or with

limited intervention

within

a few months

Baseline remains

constant

Legal standards

and established

professional

Breaches national

standards and or

international

Complies with limits given

in national standards but

breaches international

Meets minimum

national standard

limits or

Not applicable



criteria guidelines/obligations lender guidelines in one or

more parameters

international

guidelines

Likelihood of

potential impacts

occurring

Occurs under typical

operating or construction

conditions (Certain)

Occurs under worst case

(negative impact) or best

case (positive impact)

operating conditions

(Likely)

Occurs under

abnormal,

exceptional or

emergency

conditions

(occasional)

Unlikely to occur

5.2.2 Sensitivity of Receptor

Sensitivity of a receptor has been determined for the project based on review of the population

(including proximity / numbers / vulnerability) and presence of features on the site or the surrounding

area. Each detailed assessment has defined sensitivity in relation to the topic. Criteria for determining

receptor sensitivity of the Project’s potential impacts are outlined in the following Table 15:

Table 15 Criteria for Determining Sensitivity

Sensitivity Determination

Definition

Very Severe Vulnerable receptor with little or no capacity to absorb proposed changes or minimal

Severe Vulnerable receptor with little or no capacity to absorb proposed changes or limited opportunities for mitigation.

Mild Vulnerable receptor with some capacity to absorb proposed changes or moderate opportunities for mitigation

Low Vulnerable receptor with good capacity to absorb proposed changes or/and good opportunities for mitigation

Assigning Significance Following the determination of impact magnitude and sensitivity of the

receiving environment or potential receptors, the significance of each potential impact has been

established using the impact significance matrix shown Table 16below:

Table 16 Significance of Impact Criteria

Magnitude of

Potential Impact

Sensitivity of Receptors

Very Severe Severe Mild Low/Negligible

Major Critical High Moderate Negligible

Medium High High Moderate Negligible

Minor Moderate Moderate Low Negligible

Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible

5.2.3 Summary of Assessed Impacts

Project’s potential impacts on the key environmental parameters have been identified and their

significance determined using the described methodology. A summary of the potential impacts of the

project on the key environmental parameters and significance of these impacts are represented in the

following Table 17. Detailed potential impacts and their significance are given in the sub-sequent

sections.



Table 17The Potential Impacts are discussed in the Subsequent Sections

Potential Impacts

Duration

of

Impact

Spatial

Extent

Reversible


Significance

Prior to

Mitigation

Significance

after

Mitigation

No-project Scenario

No navigability Long


Poor sanitation Long


Water pollution Long


With Project Scenario

Better navigabiity Long


Improved sanitation Long


Improved water and

soil quality

Long


Impacts Related to Project Siting

Resettlement Long


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Land Cover and

Land Use Changes

Long


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Loss of Vegetation Long


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Construction work Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Environment and Social Impacts During Construction Phase

Water Quality Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Air Quality Long


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Noise Level Long


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Soil Quality Short


Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Communication Short


Moderate

Negative Positive

Monthly Income Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Positive

Waste Management Short

term Local Yes Certain Major Severe High Negative

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Accidents and safety Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Occupational Health

& Safety

Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Community Health &

Safety

Short


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Income/Job

Opportunity

Short

term Local Yes Certain Medium Mild Positive Positive

Environmental Impacts During Operation

Solid Waste Long Local Yes Certain Medium Mild Low to Low



Potential Impacts

Duration

of

Impact

Spatial

Extent

Reversible


Significance

Prior to

Mitigation

Significance

after

Mitigation

term but

Beyond

project

footprint

Moderate

Negative

Negative

Air Pollution Long

term

Local

but

Beyond

project

footprint


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Noise Pollution Long


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Water Pollution Long

term

Local

but

Beyond

project

footprint


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Improvement from

soil pollution

Long

term Local Yes Likely Major Mild

Low to

Moderate

Negative

Low

Negative

Improvement of

Sanitation

Long


Low to

Moderate

Negative

Positive

5.3 POSITIVES IMPACTS

Based on project particulars Chapter 3 and the existing environmental conditions Chapter 4 potential

positive impacts have been identified that are likely to result from the proposed project and wherever

possible these have been quantified. Positive impacts have been identified for different phases of

project cycle and discussed in the following sections

5.3.1 Impacts during Planning and Design Phase

• Employment opportunities

During the planning and design period, new jobs will be created for the skilled and unskilled

manpower in the community to conduct topographical and geological investigations. In addition,

employment will also be generated for planning and design of infrastructure. Women will also

have equally an opportunity to secure employment.

• Skills transfer

The international consultant will associate with local partners. In the process of planning and

design the local technical manpower will work with the international experts. This process of

working together will transfer design and planning tools, computer design software and other

useful guideline which are used in similar topographical conditions in the world.

• Training

The international consultant will provide training to local counter parts for activities likely to be

implemented during planning and construction phases. This training and trained manpower will go

a long way in meeting the requirements of the country in the infrastructure sector and buildings in

particular.

5.3.2 Impacts during Construction Phase

Employment Opportunities



During the construction phase it is estimated that about 20 people will be working as labour both

skilled and unskilled. A majority of unskilled labour will be sourced from the local residents and hence

this will create and employment. In addition, new jobs will be created in the Government to implement,

monitoring and evaluation of the project. Women will also have an opportunity to secure employment.

Enhanced Social Interaction

The National and International; local and regional manpower will be working together for the project.

This interaction will enhance social interaction between the people of two different places and levels.

Boost to Industrial Activities

During construction, country made product will be utilized such as cement, gravel, reinforced pipes

etc. The consumption of these will give boost to industrial production of material manufacturing

organization. In addition, the transport sector will be benefited for transport of material from

manufacturing site to construction site. This will provide direct and indirect employment.

Transport Safety

The operation of Khal will make travelling easy. Improved Khal will improve transport Safety and

reduction in delays of transport.

5.3.3 Impacts during Project Operation

The proposed works will play an important role in its post construction period. It will ensure adequate

transport communications particularly during critical times of storm events, which will be useful in

ensuring the safety and life of people during such storm events. This will add directly to GDP by

saving the life of people.

5.4 NEGATIVE IMPACTS

Impacts on environmental component due to project activities, during different phases of project

cycles, are summarized in Table 19. Mostly the impacts during project construction have been

considered and reported.

5.4.1Impact during Planning Phase

Change of Land Use due to Proposed Khal/Borrow/Quarry Areas

This area need to be identified in the vicinity of proposed khals and khal side roads to avoid transport

problems. Emphasis should be laid on maximum use of the stripped top soil in road junctions,

redevelopment of borrow areas and additional landscape works in the project. Excavations of earth

from borrow areas may also lead to loss of topsoil and soil erosion problem during rains. Refer to

Table 20 for the impact matrix of potential environmental impacts for the pre-construction and

construction phases of implementation.

5.4.2 Impact during Construction Phase

Soil Loss

The soil loss will be in terms of top soil erosion from right of way, borrow pits, quarries, and storage of

material areas. Erosion is of relevance to slope stability, which is a level topography. The construction

will be completed in 6-8 months. The soil erosion is likely to take place due to excavation of Khal and

subsequent excavation. Excavated earth material will be reused in the construction or will be used to

fill the low laying areas hence its disposal is not likely to have impact on the environment. To prevent

the soil erosion, monsoon season work is likely to be stopped during the construction; vegetation will

need to be cleared within the proposed RoW, which may pose some soil erosion problem during first

few rains. Embankment/slopes near newly constructed structures may be prone to the soil erosion.

Such embankment and slopes will need to be stabilized as soon as construction is over. The impact

of soil loss is of short duration and will be reversible.



Table 18 Impact Matrix of Potential Environmental Impactsof the subproject

Component

Affected

Project Activity

Pre-

construction

Phase

Construction Phase Operation Phase

Land

Demarcation

Site

clearance

Removing

trees and

vegetation

Contractor

camps

Vehicles &

Machines

operation &

maintenance

Quarries Construction/mod

ification of site

Construction

Machinery Operation

Soil Loss of land Loss of Soils Localized

Erosion and

loss of top soil

Removing of

vegetation,

(not trees) are

expected

Contamination

from wastes

Contamination by

fuel and lubricants

Compaction of

soil

Increase

in erosion,

siltation

and slope

instability

Soil pollution from

Construction Spoils

Pollution due to

spills

Soil contamination

due to surface

runoff

Ground Water Evaporation Water extraction

for drinking and

other purposes

Water extraction

for cleaning

Exploitation of

water for

construction

Maintenance of

trees /shrubs

Surface water No loss of

water body is

expected

Change in

water quality

Siltation Torrent

runoff

Pollution from

sanitary & other

wastes

Contamination by

fuel & lubricants

Water

logging

and

mosquito

breeding

Change in water

quality and

reduction of GW

recharge

Pollution due to

spill into water

bodies

Degradation due

to spills & road

runoff

Drainage Interference with

natural drainage

and water logging

Cleaning &

maintenance

Air Quality Increase in

SPM

Reduced

buffering of air

pollution,

change in

Pollution due to

fuel burning

Dust & air

pollution

Dust

pollution

Dust pollution SPM, SO2



Component

Affected

Project Activity

Pre-

construction

Phase

Construction Phase Operation Phase

Land

Demarcation

Site

clearance

Removing

trees and

vegetation

Contractor

camps

Vehicles &

Machines

operation &

maintenance

Quarries Construction/mod

ification of site

Construction

Machinery Operation

climate

Noise Quality Increase in

Noise level

Reduced

buffering of

Noise

Increase in

Noise level

Vibration

from

blasting

operation

s

Vibrators, mixing

plant noise etc.

Increase in

Noise

Increase in noise

levels due to

increased traffic.

Flora & Fauna • Loss of trees

• Impact on

Fishery

Loss of trees Cutting of trees

for fuel burning

Disturbance to

Flora and fauna

Socio-

economic

Land Acquisition No tree of

conservation

significance

were found in

the site

Transmission of

Disease

Loss to Utilities

Source: Consultant’s deduction



Soil Pollution

The soil pollution may occur due to: first - stripping of soil which is rich in carbon to nitrogen ratio

being 13.8 to 18.2; secondly due to improper disposal of waste material on the open ground. The

waste likely to fall on the ground may be solid waste / liquid waste form labour camps. Soil pollution

may also be due to spillage of oil and grease by construction machinery and equipment. Appropriate

waste disposal methods have to be adopted. Proper care should be taken while locating the above

utilities / facilities to minimize the soil pollution. The impacts are of short duration and will be

reversible.

Health Risks due to Waste Disposal

Health risks include disease hazards due to lack of sanitation facilities (water supply and human

waste disposal) to the workers during construction both at construction site and at Contractor’s camp.

Unscientific disposal of waste from contractor’s camp can lead to contamination of both ground and

surface water. This could lead to outbreak of water borne disease such as diarrhoea, dysentery,

typhoid etc. The solid waste generated (about 120 kg/day) in contractor’s camp if not treated properly

may cause leaching and environmental pollution. Management measures include proper sanitation,

health care, and solid waste disposal facilities. In addition to these, efforts need to be made to avoid

water spills, adopt disease control measures. The impact will be of short duration and reversible.

Pollution at Construction Site

Construction materials will be required for the construction of road/khal pavement, bridges and

culverts, roadside drains etc. The contractor as construction waste / spoils leaves behind about 10-

15% of the construction material. Dumping of construction waste / spoil in haphazard manner may

cause surface and ground water pollution near the construction sites and breeding site for

mosquitoes, hence, it is proposed to clean the area and dump/dispose the construction spoils at the

dumping site specified by the local authority to avoid any adverse impact on health and well-being of

people.

Air Pollution

The impact on air environmental is a factor of type of vehicle, fuel used and its capacity. The

consultant has taken emission factor to estimate the pollution potential on air environment during

construction. The material will be transported by canal route and hence the impact on air environment

will be insignificant. In the construction phase, air quality impacts are of short duration. The most

important pollutant during this phase will be suspended particulate matter. Such deterioration of air

quality can be assigned to:

• Fugitive dust emission from construction activities like excavation, back-filling and concreting;

• Hauling and dumping of earth & construction spoils;

• Vehicular movement along the feeder roads or temporary diversions.

• Gaseous emission from construction equipment and vehicular traffic.

Impacts on air quality will be low and spatially restricted along the immediate site of construction. The

above will be operated at different location the impact at a particular site will be insignificant.

Noise Levels

The magnitude of impact during the construction phase will depend upon the types of the equipment

used, the construction methods employed and the scheduling of the work. Noise associated with

development/construction affects the environment through which road passes.

Construction and maintenance generally require the use of heavy machinery, and although these

activities may be intermittent and localized, they nevertheless contribute sustained noise during



equipment operation. Construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80-

85 dB (A) at 15 m distance, which will decrease, with increase in distance. Noise due construction

machinery is predicted as presented in Table 19. The noise levels will be with a limit of 55-65 dB (A)

at a distance of 100-125 m from construction site.The expected noise levels due to operation of

construction machinery at site are summarized in Table 20. The noise levels will decrease with

distance.

Table 19 Noise levels during construction, dB (A)

Source Dump Truck Compactor Dozer Excavation by Shovel Excavation by caterpillar

Noise Level dB(A) 83 81 85 87 87

Source Distance (m) 15 15 15 15 15

Noise Levels at Distance (m) from source

20 78.5 76.5 80.5 82.5 82.5

25 76.1 74.1 78.1 80.1 80.1

30 74.0 72.0 76.0 78.0 78.0

35 72.1 70.1 74.1 76.1 76.1

40 70.5 68.5 72.5 74.5 74.5

45 69.0 67.0 71.0 73.0 73.0

50 67.5 65.5 69.5 71.5 71.5

55 66.2 64.2 68.2 70.2 70.2

60 65.0 63.0 67.0 69.0 69.0

75 61.5 59.5 63.5 65.5 65.5

100 56.5 54.5 58.5 60.5 60.5

125 54.6 52.6 56.6 58.6 58.6

150 53.0 51.0 55.0 57.0 57.0

175 51.7 49.7 53.7 55.7 55.7

200 50.5 48.5 52.5 54.5 54.5

225 49.5 47.5 51.5 53.5 53.5

250 48.6 46.6 50.6 52.6 52.6

Source: http://www.worksafe.govt.nz/worksafe/

Table 20 Noise due to construction machinery

Sl. No. Machine Operation Noise In dB(A)

1 Dump Truck Haul 83

2 Compactor Fill 81

3 Dozer Fill 85

4 Excavation by Shovel Cut 87

5 Excavation by Caterpillar Cut 87

Source: http://www.worksafe.govt.nz/worksafe/

5.4.3 Impact during Operation Phase

Noise Levels

During the operation phase of the khal side roads, movement of heavy and light vehicles is expected

to give rise to higher ambient noise levels. In order to quantify the project induced noise impacts with

respect to existing noise levels, noise monitoring was carried out. The day time noise levels may be

35 to 45 dB (A). Assessment of noise impacts due to the project have been carried out using Highway

Noise Model based on the guidelines suggested by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The

maximum speed assumed for the present scenario is 40 km/hr. Table 22 shows noise emitted by

different vehicle types. The computed results have indicated a maximum increase in noise level to the

tune of 5 dB (A) being average around 43 dB (A) during peak hours.



Table 21 Noise generated by various vehicle types in dB(A)

Speed (kmph) Vehicle Type

Cars Trucks Buses 2-Wheelars

40 65.0 81.0 81.0 68.0

Water and Soil Pollution

The spill of oil, grease and other chemical/ material on roads may pollute the soil and surface and

ground water. Such spills shall be closely monitored.

5.5 IMPACTS ANALYSIS

Checklist is the list of environmental parameters or impact indicators, which the environmentalist is

encouraged to consider when summarizing the potential impacts. A typical checklist identifying the

anticipated environmental impacts due to the project activities are shown in Table 17. The impacts

have been categorized and analyzed in the following manner:

i. Nature (positive/negative, direct/indirect);

ii. Magnitude (high, moderate, low);

iii. Extent/location (area/volume covered, distribution);

iv. Timing (during construction or operation, immediate; or delayed);

v. Duration (short term/long term, intermittent/continuous);

vi. Reversibility/irreversibility;

vii. Likelihood (probability, uncertainty); and

viii. Significance (local, regional, global)

The risk prioritization matrix provided in Table 22 has been developed specifically for use in this IEE.It

has been prepared to be generally consistent with Leopold Matrix of risk analysis and draws from the

experiences of social and environmental professionals from within Bangladesh and internationally.

The risk prioritization matrix is the primary tool by which the risk assessment is undertaken. It forms

the basis of this IEE and its methods. Table 24 explains Table 23, while Table 25 represents the list-

of prioritized risks.

5.5 CUMULATIVE IMPACT

The subproject’s potential cumulative impacts were considered with respect to valued components in

environmental and socio-economic categories. There are no foreseeable projects that will overlap with

the subproject.



Table 22 Impact Analysis matrix for the subproject in question

S. No. Activity Potential Impact Nature Magnitude Extent/

Location Timing/ Phase Duration

Reversible

/Irreversible Likelihood Significance

i) Planning and Design of

excavation

Skill Transfer &

Training

Positive

Direct Low Medium Pre-Construction Long Term

Likely Regional

ii) Disposal of waste material,

construction spoils, spill of oil

and grease from construction

machinery.

Soil Pollution

Negative

Direct Low Small area Construction Short Term Reversible Occasional Local

iii)

Exposed surface due to

widening of ROW, borrow pits,

quarries site construction of

cross drainage

Soil Loss/ Erosion

on ROW

Negative

Direct Low Small area Construction/ Operation Short Term Reversible Likely Local

Soil Loss from

Borrow/Quarry

Areas

Negative

Direct Low Small area Construction Short Term Reversible Likely Local

iv) Vehicles Movement on

adjoining productive land

Loss of soil fertility Negative

Direct Low Small area Construction Short Term Reversible Likely Local

v) Construction of borrow areas

and quarry sites

Change in Natural

Drainage Pattern

Negative

Direct Low Small area Construction Short Term Reversible Seldom Local

vi) Runoff from roads, quarry site

and borrow areas; construction

of abutments on canals

Water Pollution Negative

Direct Medium

Small

Distribution Construction Short Term Reversible Seldom Local

vii) Disposal of waste

Health Risk Negative

Direct Low Low Construction Short Term Reversible Occasional Local

viii) Use of water in Construction

and drinking

Increased Water

Demands

Negative

Direct Low Low Construction Short Term Reversible Likely Local

ix) Widening of the approach road

for work area, construction of

khal side Roads

Encroachment into

water bodies Negative

Direct Medium Low Construction Short Term Irreversible Seldom Local

x) Movement of vehicles for

construction works

Air Quality Negative

Direct Low Low Construction/ Operation Long Term Reversible Seldom Regional

Increase in Green

House Gases

Negative

Direct Low Low Construction/ Operation Long Term Reversible Likely Regional

Fuel Consumption Negative

Direct/

Indirect

Low Low Construction/ Operation Long Term Irreversible Likely Regional

Noise Levels Negative

Indirect Low Low Construction/ Operation Long Term Reversible Likely Regional

xi)

Construction and operation

ofkhal

Employment

Opportunities

Positive

Direct High

Large

Distribution Construction/Operation Long Term Likely Local



S. No. Activity Potential Impact Nature Magnitude Extent/

Location Timing/ Phase Duration

Reversible

/Irreversible Likelihood Significance

Enhancement of

Rural Economy

Positive

Direct Medium

Large

Distribution Construction/Operation Long Term Permanent Likely Regional

xii)

Operation and maintenance

Reduction in length

and travel time

Positive

Direct Medium Permanent Operation Long Term Likely Regional

Enhanced Social

Interaction

Positive

Direct Medium Permanent Construction/Operation Long Term Likely Regional

xiii) Construction Activities Workers Safety Negative Low Temporary Construction Short Term Reversible Seldom Local

xiv) Employment of outside labour Health Safety

(Transmission of

STD, HIV/AIDS)

Negative Low Temporary/

Permanent Construction Short Term Reversible Seldom Local

Explanation of Color codes:

Magnitude Likelihood Nature Significance Duration

Low: Impacts such as localized or short

term effects on habitat, species or

environmental media.

Likely:Consequence can reasonably be

expected to occur in life the project

Positive Direct: Positive impact

expected which has a direct activity-

consequence linkage

Local: Impacts anticipated to be effecting

only local site area

Short Term: Expected to affect during

project time plus couple of months

Medium: Impacts such as localized but

irreversible habitat loss or widespread,

long-term effects on habitat, species or

environmental media

Occasional:Conditions may allow the

consequence to occur during the project

lifetime, or the event has occurred within

similar projects

Positive Indirect: Positive impact

expected with no direct activity-

consequence linkage

Region: Impacts anticipated to be

effected regional ecology and landscape

Long Term: Expected to affect even

after completion of the project period,

especially during O&M

High: Loss of a significant portion of a

valued species or loss of effective

ecosystem function on a landscape scale.

Seldom:Exceptional conditions may allow

consequences to occur within the project

lifetime

Negative Direct: Negative impact

expected which has a direct activity-

consequence linkage

Negative Indirect: Negative impact

expected with no direct activity-

consequence linkage



Table 23Modified Leopold Methodology of Risk Prioritization matrix

LIK

EL

IHO

OD

S

CONSEQUENCE

(Highest possible score can be 36, which is a combination of

Catastrophic, and Likely and lowest possible score can be 1,

which is combination of Incidental and Rare. The scores are

converted into a scale of 10 for easier interpretation and a color

code is assigned to better visual representation. Table 17

explains the color code. Scores are presented in parentheses

while scores converted into 10 are presented after the

parentheses)

Socio-economic

Consequence Descriptions

(Without application of

mitigation and management

measures)

Social /

Economic

People largely

unaffected

Temporary and

localized effects on

peoples’ livelihoods

Widespread and

temporary, or,

localized and

permanent effects on

peoples’ livelihoods

Widespread and

temporary, or,

localized and


livelihood and/or

displacement of

people

Widespread and


livelihood and/or

displacement of

people

Entire villages,

communities or

groups are displaced

and livelihoods are

affected

Health Consequence

Descriptions



measures)

Health No impact

Illness or adverse

effect with limited or

no impacts on ability

to function and

medical treatment

required is limited or

not necessary.

Illness or adverse

effects with mild to

moderate functional

impairment requiring

medical treatment.

Serious illness or

severe adverse

health effect requiring

a high level of

medical treatment or

management.

1-10 serious illness

or chronic exposure

resulting in fatality or

significant life

shortening effects.

>10 serious illness or

chronic exposure

resulting in fatality or

significant life

shortening effects.

Environmental

Consequence Descriptions



measures)

Environment

Impacts such as

localized or short-

term effects on

habitat, species or

environmental media.

Localized, long term

degradation of

sensitive habitat or

widespread, short-

term impacts to

habitat, species or

environmental media

Impacts such as

localized but

irreversible habitat

loss or widespread,

long-term effects on

habitat, species or

environmental media

Widespread and

persistent

changes in habitat,

species or

environmental media

Persistent reduction

in ecosystem function

on a landscape scale

or significant

disruption of a

sensitive species.

Loss of a significant

portion of a valued

species or loss of

effective ecosystem

function on a

landscape scale.

Ranking Incidental Minor Moderate Major Severe Catastrophic

Likelihood Descriptions

(Without application of mitigation and management measures) Ranking Index 1 2 3 4 5 6

Rare or unheard of Rare

1 (1) 1 (2) 1 (3) 1 (4) 2 (5) 2 (6) 2

Has occurred once or twice within industry Remote

2 (2) 1 (4) 2 (6) 2 (8) 3 (10) 3 (12) 4

Reasonable to expect that the consequence will not occur

during this project though has occurred several times in industry Unlikely

3 (3) 1 (6) 2 (9) 3 (12) 4 (15) 5 (18) 5

Exceptional conditions may allow consequences to occur within

the project lifetime Seldom

4 (4) 2 (8) 3 (12) 4 (16) 5 (20) 6 (24) 7

Conditions may allow the consequence to occur during the

project lifetime, or theevent has occurred within similar projects Occasional

5 (5) 2 (10) 3 (15) 5 (20) 6 (25) 7 (30) 9

Consequence can reasonably be expected to occur in life the

project Likely

6 (6) 2 (12) 4 (18) 5 (24) 7 (30) 9 (36) 10

Table 24Explanation of color code used for Prioritization matrix

1: Low risk, mitigations may be

applied

2: Low risk,

mitigations may be

applied

3: Low risk,

mitigations may be

applied

4: Low risk,

mitigations may be

applied

5: Risk is tolerable

if reasonable

mitigations are in

place

6: Further risk

reduction is

required

7: Risks are

unacceptably high

and mitigations

must be applied

8: Risks are

unacceptably high

and mitigations

must be applied

9: Risks are

unacceptably high

and mitigations

must be applied

10: Risks are

unacceptably high

and mitigations

must be applied



Table 25Potential Impact Prioritization assessment

POTENTIAL IMPACT

LIK

LIH

OO

D

CO

NS

EQ

UE

NC

E

RIS

K R

AN

KIN

G

Without the application of mitigation or management measures

1.0 Construction stage

1.1 Mobilization and site establishment

§ Odours from the field camp facilities and waste management facilities may be detectable by local people. 3 6 5.0

§ Dust resulting from the disturbance of land may be detectable and affect local people and/or crops. 2 5 2.7

§ Sanitation and amenities may pollute surface water or groundwater systems. 2 5 2.8

§ Runoff from disturbed areas and stockpile areas may introduce pollutants into water bodies 1 5 1.4

§ Waste generation may result in pollution of surrounding environments. 1 6 1.7

§ Rubbish has the potential to attract animals 3 5 4.1

§ If Project activities encroach beyond acquired footprint, land local people’s livelihoods may be affected. 4 5 5.6

§ Noise generation from field camp and mobilization activities may affect local people. 3 5 4.2

§ Lighting for Project demarcation, security and field camps may affect local people. 3 5 4.2

§ Influx of workers increases local population which may pressure local infrastructure 2 6 3.3

§ Influx of workers increases pressure on local facilities such as health and community services 3 3 2.5

§ Additional traffic including transport and heavy machinery may result in damage to road infrastructure 2 5 2.8

Average score 3.4

1.2 Civil works

§ Dust from earthworks may affect local people and/or crops. 2 5 2.9

§ Emissions from Project vehicles and heavy machinery may contribute to greenhouse gas concentrations 1 6 1.7

§ The Project activities and features changes the existing visual landscape 1 6 1.7

§ Project activities may produce noise that could affect people 2 5 278

§ Vibrations from civil works may affect nearby infrastructure 5 2 2.8

§ Floodplain encroachment may increase localized inundation potential 2 4 2.2

§ Hazardous substances may lead to the pollution of terrestrial or groundwater environments 2 5 2.8



POTENTIAL IMPACT

LIK

LIH

OO

D

CO

NS

EQ

UE

NC

E

RIS

K R

AN

KIN

G

§ Runoff from disturbed areas and stockpile areas may introduce pollutants into water bodies 1 5 1.4

§ Soil erosion may occur from embankments and disturbed areas as a result of the civil works 1 6 1.7

§ Activities may produce noise and vibrations that affect local fauna 2 5 2.8

§ Pedestrian and vehicular access may be temporarily restricted (e.g. increased travel times). 1 5 1.4

Average score 2.2

1.3 Installation of equipment packages

§ Noise exceeding the standards of the Government of Bangladesh 2 5 2.8

§ Transport of equipment can cause vibration 1 6 1.7

§ Cranes and placement of bulky equipment may change the existing visual landscape 1 6 1.7

Average score 2.0

1.4 Connection to Electricity, water supply etc.

§ People who rely on the existing water supply may be affected during any temporary disruptions of supply 2 5 2.8

§ Explosions or accidents may occur during commissioning 5 4 5.6

§ Hazardous substances used in the cut-over or commissioning could pollute the environment 4 4 4.4

Average score 4.3

1.5 Demobilization of construction stage

§ Removal of waste facilities and sanitation facilities may result in the production of odours 6 6 10.0

§ Demobilization of the field camp may leave disturbed areas of land which generate dust 5 6 8.3

§ Excess waste, chemicals or hazardous materials are left on site and pollute the surrounding environment 2 4 2.3

§ Demobilization may leave litter and disturbed land which pollutes receiving environment 2 6 3.3

§ Demobilization of workers and associated reduction in local population may affect local business. 1 6 1.7

Average score 5.2

2.0 Operation Phase

2.1 Normal Operation

§ Constructed infrastructure changes the existing landscape 1 6 1.7

§ Site runoff and wastewater discharges may contain substances which pollute water bodies 2 4 2.2



POTENTIAL IMPACT

LIK

LIH

OO

D

CO

NS

EQ

UE

NC

E

RIS

K R

AN

KIN

G

§ Long term groundwater abstraction may result in localized groundwater level drawdown 6 6 10.0

§ Waste generation may result in pollution of surrounding environments 1 6 1.7

§ The operation of the facility may create noise that exceeds the standards of the GoB 3 5 4.2

§ The operation of the facility will require operational lighting which may affect local people adversely 4 5 5.6

§ Stranded foods and light may attract native fauna (i.e. bats, insects, birds) resulting their death/injury 3 4 3.3

§ The construction of the Project may reduce the existing line of sight 3 2 1.7

Average score 3.8

2.2 Uncontrolled events or emergencies

§ An uncontrolled or emergency event could affect nearby flora and fauna 5 1 1.4

§ An uncontrolled or emergency event could affect nearby residents or community members 5 1 1.4

Average score 1.4 Source: Consultant’s Calculation



CHAPTER 6: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

6.1 GENERAL

Generally, complaint procedures are developed for those who have been adversely affected by the

Project infrastructure and/or have not been compensated as per law/ legal entitlement. In this case no

land related dispute is applicable as the land is already owned by the authorities. A project-specific

grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive, evaluate, and facilitate the concerns,

complaints, and grievances about the social and environmental performance at the level of the project.

The GRM will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and

environmental concerns linked to the project. A common GRM will be in place for social, environmental,

or any other grievances related to the project. GRM was discussed with stakeholders during field visits.

The GRM will provide an accessible and trusted platform for receiving and facilitating grievances related

to the project. The multi-tier GRM for the project is outlined below, each tier having time-bound schedules

and with responsible persons identified to address grievances and seek appropriate persons’ advice at

each stage, as required.

Pourashava-wide public awareness campaigns will ensure that awareness on grievance redress

procedures is generated through the campaign. The project implementation unit (PIU) safeguards

assistant and institutional capacity and community development consultants (ICCDC) that will conduct

Pourashava-wide awareness campaigns to ensure that poor and vulnerable households are made aware

of grievance redress procedures and entitlements, and will work with the PIU safeguards assistant to help

ensure that their grievances are addressed. Affected persons (APs) will have the flexibility of conveying

grievances/suggestions by dropping grievance redress/ suggestion forms in complaints/suggestion boxes

that have already been installed by project Pourashavas or through telephone hotlines at accessible

locations, by e-mail, by post, or by writing in a complaint register in Pourashava offices.

The grievance registration form is available in Annexure II. Careful documentation of the name of the

complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/contact details of the person, location of the

problem area, and how the problem was resolved will be undertaken. The project management unit

(PMU) safeguards officer will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redressal on

environmental and social safeguards issues and for registration of grievances, related disclosure, and

communication with the aggrieved party through the PIU safeguards assistant.

6.2 GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS

In case of grievances that are immediate and urgent in the perception of the complainant, the contractor

and supervision personnel from the project management and supervision consultants (PMSC) on-site will

provide the most easily accessible or first level of contact for quick resolution of grievances. Contact

phone numbers and names of the concerned PIU safeguards assistant, contractors, PMU safeguards

officer, PMSC environmental and social safeguards specialists will be posted at all construction sites at

visible locations.

6.2.1 1st Level Grievance

The contractors, PIU supervision personnel and PIU safeguards assistant can immediately resolve issues

on-site in consultation with each other, and will be required to do so within 3 days of receipt of a

complaint/grievance. Assistance of ward level coordination committees (WLCC) will be sought if required

for resolution of the issue, by any one or all of them jointly.

6.2.2 2nd Level Grievance

All grievances that cannot be redressed within 3 days at field/ward level will be jointly reviewed by the

grievance redress committee (GRC) at town-level and PIU safeguards assistant, who will attempt to



resolve them within 7 days. The PIU safeguards assistant will be responsible to see through the process

of redressal of each grievance.

6.2.3 3rd Level Grievance

The PIU safeguards assistant will refer any unresolved or major issues to the PMU safeguards officer and

PMSC (third level of grievance redress), who will resolve them within 15 days.

6.2.4 4th Level Grievance

Significant major issues that are beyond the jurisdictional authority of the GRC or those that have the

potential to cause social conflicts or environmental damage or those that remain unresolved at PMU level,

will be referred to the project steering committee (PSC) to be resolved within 14 days. All paperwork

(details of grievances) needs to be completed by the PIU safeguards assistant and circulated to the

respective WLCC, GRC and PSC members at least a week in advance of the scheduled meetings. All

decisions taken by the GRC and PSC will be communicated to the APs by the PIU safeguards assistant.

Despite the project GRM, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal system at any

stage, and accessing the country's legal system can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not

dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM. In the event that the established GRM is not in a

position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use the ADB Accountability Mechanism (AM)

through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the

ADB Bangladesh Resident Mission (BRM). The complaint can be submitted in any of the official

languages of ADB’s DMCs. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information will be included in the PID to

be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM.



6.3 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM

Grievanceredressprocess can be diagrammatically represented as presented in Figure 20 below:

Records will be kept by PIU of all grievances received, including contact details of complainant, date the

complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were

processed and final outcome. The number of grievances recorded and resolved and the outcomes will be

displayed/disclosed in the PMU office, municipal office, and on the web, as well as reported in monitoring

reports submitted to ADB on a semi-annual basis. All costs involved in resolving the complaints

(meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by the

concerned PIU at town-level; while costs related to escalated grievances will be met by the PMU.

Grievance

Redressed

Grievance

Redressed

Grievance

Redressed

Assistance of WLCC

(as and when required)

7 days

15 days

3 days

Days3

FIELD/WARD LEVEL Contractor, PIU Supervision

Personnel and PIU Safeguards

Assistants (to be assisted by

ICCDC)

TOWN LEVEL PIU Safeguard Assistant and

GRC

PROJECT STEERING

COMMITTEE

PMU LEVEL PMU Safeguard Officer and

PMSC Safeguard Specialists

Aggrieved

Persons

1st Level

Grievance

2nd Level

Grievance

3rd Level

Grievance

4th Level

Grievance

Not redressed

Not redressed

Not redressed

Figure 20 Grievance redress process



CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION

Public participation and community consultation has been taken up as an integral part of environmental

assessment process of the project. Consultation was used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholders

about the proposed action both before and after the development, decisions were made. It assisted in

identification of the impacts problems associated with the project as well as the needs of the Project

Affected People (PAP). This participatory process helped in reducing the public resistance to change and

enabled the participation of the local people in the decision-making process.

7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION TOOLS

Following three (3) toolswere used for Public Consultation:

a. Public Consultation Meeting (PCM)

b. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)

c. Stakeholder Consultation

7.2.1 Public Consultation Meeting (PCM)

Presentations, panel debates, keynotes, workshops, and lectures are all examples of information sharing

meetings. The primary goal of these meetings is for the speaker to share information with the attendees.

At information sharing meetings attendees have historically been passive listeners.

While there are several types of information sharing meetings, they usually feature two main roles: the

presenter(s), and the audience members.

Presenter:Often, the presenter is in a position of authority, like a manager passing on information or

instructions to subordinates, or a subject matter expert sharing her knowledge with those present. The

role can also fall on a keynote speaker, members of a panel, or project leader, to name just a few.

Audience members:Audience members make up the bulk of participants in information sharing

meetings. Depending on the meeting size, there may be as many as hundreds, or even thousands, of

audience members present. Their level of interest, and motivation to absorb the information shared, is

highly dependent on their motivation for attending. In some cases, they have chosen to attend out of their

own interest, while in other cases they are required to attend by their employer, professor, or other

authority.

During these consultations, the communities were explained about the project, its benefits, social and

environmental impacts. The participants were encouraged to (i) be open and make known their concerns

and claims. The presentation highlighted the project background, objectives, expected upcoming

activities, social economic information, and environmental information. The salient features of the

meetings are presented below:

• Create awareness of the project;

• To obtain stakeholders responses, feedback and concerns on the project;

• To obtain environmental information on the community.

After the presentations, the community was given opportunity to give their views, comments and queries.

Different community problems were addressed during the meeting in which the local participants

expressed repeatedly their main concerns as follows:

• Transportation connectivity and access;



• Prospects of jobs and income generating activities;

• Disruption to nearby road users and public access during construction phase.

Comments or questions raised by audience were responded to. The consultant explained that positive

and negative impacts of the project on people and the environment will be analysed such as air pollution,

dust, influx of people, employment. All the participants confirmed that they appreciate the Project. The

project received high degree of acceptability, which will boost local economy due to improved climate

change resilient designs, road access and assured durability.

7.2.2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)

A focus group discussion (FGD) is a good way to gather together people from similar backgrounds or

experiences to discuss a specific topic of interest. The group of participants is guided by a moderator (or

group facilitator) who introduces topics for discussion and helps the group to participate in a lively and

natural discussion amongst them.

The strength of FGD relies on allowing the participants to agree or disagree with each other so that it

provides an insight into how a group thinks about an issue, about the range of opinion and ideas, and the

inconsistencies and variation that exists in a particular community in terms of beliefs and their

experiences and practices.

FGDs can be used to explore the meanings of survey findings that cannot be explained statistically, the

range of opinions/views on a topic of interest and to collect a wide variety of local terms. In bridging

research and policy, FGD can be useful in providing an insight into different opinions among different

parties involved in the change process, thus enabling the process to be managed more smoothly. It is

also a good method to employ prior to designing questionnaires.

Key issues discussed were similar to those already voiced during the community consultation meetings

and included:

• Community benefits realized as a result of the sub-project scheme;

• Resettlement and Environmental issues and mitigation measures according to Resettlement

Framework prepared and approved by ADB and government Bangladesh for this project (no

resettlement is required);

• Participation of local community during the construction phase;

• Roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders for realizing desired outcome;

• Potential social and economic impacts of the proposed khal re-excavation.

7.2.3 Stakeholder Consultation

Consultation is a formal process by which the Commission collects input and views from stakeholders

about its policies. Consultation is a continuous process and formal stakeholder consultations complement

the Commission's broader interaction with stakeholders (e.g. meetings or exchanges or through existing

permanent platforms for dialogue). The term 'stakeholder consultation' applies to all consultations with

stakeholders in the process of the evaluation or the preparation of a policy initiative or the implementation

of an existing intervention.

7.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION HISTORY

Initial Public consultation has been carried out in the project area with the objectives of minimizing

probable adverse impacts of the project and to achieve speedy implementation of the project through

bringing in awareness among the community on the benefits of the project. As part of the project

consultations, efforts were made to consult with the public as well as a number of local authorities, to

determine their thoughts, opinions and feedback on the impact of the proposed Shelter in their respective

locations. Information and comments collected from the public early in the study process were of use.



Different stakeholders were consulted to give them the opportunity to express their views and concerns.

As part of the process, they were also provided with relevant and sufficient information on the project prior

to its start-up. These stakeholders include the central and local authorities, as well as the local population

so as to determine their thoughts, opinions and feedback on the impact of the project. Attendees in the

consultation meeting were apprised of the processes through which the project was to proceed toward

implementation and the environmental impacts to arise out of such processes along with the steps to be

taken toward mitigating the impacts. They were told about the impacts all of which could be easily

mitigated. The audience expressed satisfaction of such mitigation measures. The FGD / Public

consultationwas held during field visit in 14 February 2018 (Figure 21).

As part of the impact assessment, the consultants conducted focus group discussions with selected

groups at the locations of the proposed Khal re-excavation, refer to the Due Diligence Report given in

Appendix G.

Figure 21 FGD at Bhola Drain 08 package site



7.4 FINDINGS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING

For details of the public consultations and Focus Group discussions held during the design stage of the

sub-project, refer to the Due Diligence Report given in Appendix G. The people in the area largely

depend on agriculture. Most of the people were keen to know the possibility of employment in the project.

There is a requirement of about 120 people during the peak period of the project. The employment is

largely depending on the types of job and will be assessed on a case to case basis by the contractor

according to needs. The findings of the FGDs and Public Consultation are summarized in Table 26.

Table 26 Summary of the FGDs and Public Consultation

01 Question Happy for this project, as it comes to solve the problem of transport and peoples passage

Answer Accepted thankfully

02

Question What are the roles and responsibilities of construction and operations Managers?

Answer Pourashava will play role as implementing agency in construction, operation and maintenance of the proposed Khal in the Pourashava area

03

Question How will Pourashava support cost for major maintenance?

Answer This is the responsibility of the Pourashava to manage required fund for repair and maintenance, as well as logistics during disaster period for realizing development objective of this project

04

Question What will be the criteria for labour recruitment during construction?

Answer This largely depends on the types of job and will be assessed on a case-to-case basis by the

contractor according to needs.

05 Question

What is the re-excavation plan of Bhola Khal?

Answer Proposed re-excavation would differ place to place. You will shown a detailed drawing and plans if you visit Pourashava engineers during visiting hours.

06 Question Priority for jobs should also consider women; women can do the same work.

Answer Priority will include women and there will not be any discrimination.

07

Question Raised the issue of employment, he suggested that the local people should be the first ones to be employed in the project.

Answer The consultant team explained that local people would be employed accordingly to job

requirement.

08 Question Wishes to speed up the project.

Answer It was explained that implementation would take place immediately

09

Question The construction creates lot of dust and noise, is there any increase anticipated.

Answer The increase in dust and noise will be at construction site and all mitigation measures will be put in

place by the contractor



CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 CONCLUSIONS

Based on Project Description (Chapter 3), Environmental Baseline Data (Chapter 4), Environmental

Impacts (Chapter 5), and Environmental Mitigation Measures, (SEMP in Annex F), the following

conclusions are drawn:

i) The sub-project of excavation of Bhola Khal in the Bhola District of Barisal Division. This is

known as Package No.CTEIP/BHO/DR/08. The Khal has been selected based on criteria

explained in PPTA.

ii) The PPTA feasibility study has provided a comprehensive set of recommendations for the

planning, design and implementation of the Project. Based on the recommendations of this

study, the DDS Consultant has completed the detailed engineering design for the excavation

of Bhola Khalin Bhola.

iii) The excavation of Khal in this area will help in economic development of the town. The

improved Khal will help improve sanitation, water pollution scenario and aesthetic

environment of the region.

iv) The few minor adverse environmental impacts will occur during the construction period, and

will be of a relatively short duration. Adequate provisions have been incorporated into the

planning and design of the re-excavation of the Khalto minimize or mitigate these

unavoidable environmental impacts that are a result of the works.

v) The major positive achievements of the sub-project are:

a. Improvement of Khal will serve not only the influence area but also the surrounding

area in the town.

b. Improvement of Khal will stimulate ancillary projects and subsequent investment

which will improve economic status of the local population;

c. More employment of people during construction phases;

d. Will be potential socio-economic enhancement of rural economy by connecting

people to other upazila and zilas;

e. Skill Transfer and Training.

vi) The noise and air quality of the project area is within the permissible limits. The overall impact

on air and noise quality during construction is limited to site and of short duration and can be

mitigated.

vii) It is proposed to plant trees on both sides of the Khal to mitigate the negative impacts. This

will keep the ecological function in circulation. The noise impact at source will be mitigated by

job rotation and use of ear plug and other measures suggested in EMP. Retaining wall is

planned to protect the ponds from soil erosion and water pollution. In addition, embankments

wherever required has been protecting against erosion due to climate change by jute fabric

and sowing of grass.

viii) The environmental mitigation measures as stipulated in the EMP and in the obtained

environmental permit shall be monitored during implementation of the sub-project. In order to

perform monitoring of EMP the contractor shall engage experienced laboratory and third-

party services in complying the required environmental testing of parameters listed in SEMP.

ix) The labour camp shall be established with the septic tank and soak pit for treatment and

disposal of sewage and sludge water to avoid pollution of water bodies. Contractor has to

make own arrangement for water supply for construction and domestic purpose.

x) The environmental monitoring will be required before the start of the construction and during

the construction phase. The parameters of Water Quality, Air Quality, Noise quality, and Soils

shall be monitored; as specified in SEMP.

xi) During public consultation recommendations were drawn including: i) involve local

communities in all stages of project planning and development, ii) establish permanent



communication between project initiators and local authorities, iii) setup grievance redress

mechanism which will publicized through Pourashava level co-ordination committee and

monitoring register and iv) during construction, local people including women shall be given

first priority in the employment of skilled and unskilled labour.

8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

In view of above, it is concluded that the Project will bring benefit to the people of the area and especially

during emergency created by cyclones. The negative impacts occurring during implementation are within

the manageable limits and shall be mitigated with the proposed Environmental Management Plan and,

hence, the project may be implemented.

8.3 DISCLOSURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS INSTRUMENTS

The LGED will disclose this Environmental Management Framework by making copies available at its

head office and in District / Pourashava where the Project is situated. The copies shall also be made

available to the Local Government’s Agencies, the Environmental and Social Group and other

stakeholders. The Government of Bangladesh will also authorize the Asian Development Bank to disclose

this IEE and EMP electronically through its InfoShop.



ANNEXURE I: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHECKLISTS

PD-01: Re-Excavation of Bhola Khal under Ward no. 03,07 & 09. (Ch. 2+600 to 4+750m). Length:2.150 Km

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. Project Siting

Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following areas:

• Underground utilities

No

• Cultural heritage site

No

• Protected Area

No

• Wetland/Ponds

No

• Mangrove

No

• Estuarine

No

• Buffer zone of protected area

No

• Special area for protecting biodiversity

No

• Bay

No

B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause:

• Encroachment on historical/cultural areas?

No

• Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?

No

• Impacts on sustainability associated sanitation and solid waste disposal systems? yes

EMP to be followed

• Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

No

• Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other

vulnerable groups? No

• Accident risks associated increased vehicular traffic, leading to loss of life? yes

EMP to be followed

• Increased noise and air pollution resulting from increased traffic volume? Yes

EMP: to be followed

• Occupational and community health and safety risks? yes

EMP to be followed

• Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical,

chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation? No

• Generation of dust in sensitive areas during construction? Yes

EMP: to be followed

• Requirements for disposal of fill, excavation, and/or spoil materials? Yes

EMP to be followed

• Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works? Yes

EMP: to be followed

• Long-term impacts on groundwater flows as result of needing to drain the project site prior

to construction? No

• Long-term impacts on local hydrology as a result of building hard surfaces in or near the

building? No

• Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased

burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation

systems)?

No

• Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

No

• Risks to community safety caused by fire, electric shock, or failure of the buildings safety

features during operation. No

• Community health and safety caused by management and disposal of waste? yes

EMP to be followed

• Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the

structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected

community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project

construction, operation and decommissioning?

No

Note: Hazards are potentially damaging physical events.



ANNEXURE II: GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM

(Bangla translation to be available)

The Coastal Towns Environmental Infrastructure Project (CTEIP) welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries and comments

regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable

us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want the information to remain confidential, please inform us by

writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name.

Date Place of Registration

Contact Information/Personal Details

Name Gender * Male

* Female

Age

Home Address

Place

Phone no.

E-mail

Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where, and how) of

your grievance below:

If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Registered by: (Name of Official Registering Grievance)

Mode of Communication:

Note/Letter

E-mail

Verbal/Telephonic

Reviewed by: (Names/Positions of Officials Reviewing Grievance)

Action Taken:

Whether Action Taken

Disclosed:

Yes

No

Means of Disclosure:



ANNEXTURE IIIa: CATEGORIZATION FORM

INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT IMPACT CATEGORIZATION

Date: ___/___/2018

A. Project Data

Country/Project No./Project

Title

: Country: Bangladesh

ADB No.: (No. to be designated)


Subproject: e-GP/CTEIP/2017-18/BHO/DR/08

B. Involuntary Resettlement Category

[ ] New [ ] Recategorization ― Previous Category [ ]

� Category A � Category B � Category C � Category FI

C. Comments


Few compensation issues. Please refer to the DDR attached as Annex G.



ANNEXURE IIIb: INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT IMPACT CATEGORIZATION CHECKLIST


Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Yes No Not Known

Remarks

Involuntary Acquisition of Land

1. Will there be land acquisition? No

2. Is the site for land acquisition known? Not applicable

3. Is the ownership status and current usage of land to be acquired known? Not applicable

4. Will easement be utilized within an existing Right of Way (ROW)? Not applicable

5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due to land acquisition? Not applicable

6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other productive assets due to land acquisition?

Not applicable

7. Will there be losses of crops, trees, and fixed assets due to land acquisition? Not applicable

8. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due to land acquisition? Not applicable

9. Will there be loss of income sources and means of livelihoods due to land acquisition?

Not applicable

Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas

10. Will people lose access to natural resources, communal facilities and services? No

11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse impact on social and economic activities?

No

12. Will access to land and resources owned communally or by the state be restricted?

No

Information on Displaced Persons: Not Applicable

Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by the Project? [--] No [--] Yes If yes, approximately how many? ______________________

Are any of them poor, female-heads of households, or vulnerable to poverty risks? [--] No [--] Yes

Are any displaced persons from indigenous or ethnic minority groups? [--] No [--] Yes

Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.



ANNEXURE IV: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS (FGD)

coastal towns environmental infrastructure project (cteip)...pd-01: re-excavation of bhola khal...

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