co-factor matrix
TRANSCRIPT
Cofactor Method for Inverses
• Let A = (aij) be an nxn matrix
• Recall, the co-factor Cij of element aij is:
Cij = (-1)i+j |Mij|
• Mij is the (n-1) x (n-1) matrix made by removing the ROW i and COLUMN j of A
Cofactor Method for Inverses • Put all co-factors in a matrix – called the
matrix of co-factors:
C11 C12 C1n
C21
Cn1
C22
Cn2
C2n
Cnn
Cofactor Method for Inverses • Inverse of A is given by:
A-1 = (matrix of co-factors)T1|A|
1|A|
C11 C21 Cn1
C12
C1n
C22
C2n
Cn2
Cnn
=
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
|M11| = d C11 = d M11 = d
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
|M12| = c C12 = -c M12 = c
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
|M21| = b C12 = -b M21 = b
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
|M22| = a C22 = a M22 = a
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = (matrix of co-factors)T1|A|
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = (matrix of co-factors)T1(ad-bc)
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = 1(ad-bc)
C11
C21
C12
C22
T
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = 1(ad-bc)
C11
C12
C21
C22
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = 1(ad-bc)
dC12
C21
C22
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = 1(ad-bc)
dC12
-bC22
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = 1(ad-bc)
d-c
-bC22
Examples
• Calculate the inverse of A = ac
bd
• Found that:
C22 = a C21 = -b C12 = -c C11 = d • So,
A-1 = 1(ad-bc)
d-c
-ba
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C11 = 2 |M11| = 2 M11 = 2 243
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C12 = 0 |M12| = 0 M12 = 1 242
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C13 = -1 |M13| = -1 M13 = 1 232
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C21 = -1 |M21| = 1 M21 = 1 143
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C22 = 2 |M22| = 2 M22 = 1 142
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C23 = -1 |M23| = 1 M23 = 1 132
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C31 = 0 |M31| = 0 M31 = 1 122
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C32 = -1 |M32| = 1 M32 = 1 121
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• First find the co-factors:
22
1
43
C33 = 1 |M33| = 1 M33 = 1 121
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Calculate the inverse of B = 11
12
• Next the determinant: use the top row:
22
1
43
|B| = 1x |M11| -1x |M12| + 1x |M13|
= 2 – 0 + (-1) = 1
• Using the formula,
B-1 = (matrix of co-factors)T1|B|
= (matrix of co-factors)T11
Examples 3x3 Matrix
Examples 3x3 Matrix
2-1
02 -1
0
1
1-1
• Using the formula,
B-1 = (matrix of co-factors)T1|B|
= 11
T
20
-12 -1
-1
0
1-1
Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Using the formula,
B-1 = (matrix of co-factors)T1|B|
=
• Same answer obtained by Gauss-Jordan method