co 2 transport and storage
DESCRIPTION
CO 2 Transport and Storage. Photo: Mark Person. Controls on CO2 Flow and Transport. Must understand in order to understand CO2 storage CO 2 gas is miscible in other gasses Supercritical CO 2 is immiscible in water Fluid flow Pressure gradients from injection Natural hydraulic gradients - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CO2 Transport and Storage
Photo: Mark Person
Controls on CO2 Flow and Transport
Must understand in order to understand CO2 storage CO2 gas is miscible in other gasses
Supercritical CO2 is immiscible in water
Fluid flow Pressure gradients from injection Natural hydraulic gradients
Buoyancy Strong in saline formations Weaker in oil and gas reservoirs CO2 will descend in gas reservoirs
Controls on CO2 Flow and Transport (Continued…)
Diffusion Dispersion Dissolution into formation fluid
Significant amount (>30%) can go into solution
Moves with formation water at very slow rates (mm/yr) compared to separate phase flow
Water saturated with CO2 slightly denser
Mineralization
Controls on CO2 Flow and Transport (Continued…)
Pore space (relative permeability) trapping Important when multiphase Depends on fluid viscosities Wetting versus non-wetting phases (CO2 gas
and supercritical are non-wetting)
Adsorption onto organic matter
Residual Saturation
Wetting fluid at residual saturation Non-wetting fluid at
residual saturation
Which do you expect for CO2/water? What questions do you have to ask to answer this?
Storage Mechanisms
Structural stratigraphic trapping Hydrodynamic (residual) trapping Geochemical trapping
Storage Mechanisms
IPCC
IPCC
Structural and Stratigraphic Trapping
Traps created by: Deformation (faults, folds) Depositional characteristics (grain size
changes)
The most expensive dry hole in history
Mukluk well Thought to contain 1.5 to 10 billion
barrels of oil. Mukluk structure leased in 1982 for $1.5
billionDrilled in 1983 from a man-made island
350 feet in diameter, 69 ft above seafloor and required 1.25 million cubic yards of mined gravel
Cost of drilling $120 million