ORDEROFBATTLEOF THEUNITEDSTATES LANDFORCESINTHE WORLDWAR AmericanExpeditionaryForces: GeneralHeadquarters Armies,ArmyCorps ServicesofSupply SeparateForces Volume1 MIUTARYINSTR.IICTION CENTEROFMILITARY HISTORY UNITEDSTATES ARMY WASHINGTON,D.C.,1988 Libraryof CongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Orderofbattleof theUnitedStates landforcesinthe WorldWar. Reprint.Originallypublished:Washington:U.S. G.P.O.,1931-1949. Contents:v.1.AmericanExpeditionaryForces: GeneralHeadquarters,armies,ArmyCorps,servicesof supply,andseparateforces-v.2.American ExpeditionaryForces:divisions-v.3.Zoneof the interior.pt.1.Organizationandactivitiesof the WarDepartment.pt.2.Territorialdepartments,tactical divisionsorganizedin1918,andposts,camps,and stations.pt.3.Directoryof troops. Supt.of Docs.no.:D114.2:B32 1.UnitedStates.Army-History-World War, 1914-1918.1.Centerof MilitaryHistory. D570.0731987940.4'12'7387-600306 FacsimileReprint First Printed1937-CMHPub23-1 ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice Washington,D.C.20402 Foreword TheUnitedStates entered "the war toendallwars"seventyyears ago,but much may still be learned from a study of that vast military and diplomatic experience. Accordingly, the Center of Military History is now bringing back intoprint aseries of volumes onthe WorldWarIperiod. The facsimilereprintof theOrderof Battleof theUnitedStatesLand Forcesin theWorldWar,in fivevolumes, provides a logical introduction tothe series.It will be followedshortly by anewly formatted edition of theUnitedStatesArmy in theWorldWar(1917-1919),amajorcollec tionofdocumentspertaining totheconflict. Theconciseand uniquedata in theOrderof Battleiscentral toany serious examination of the Army's involvement in World War I. The Cen-ter's predecessors-the Army WarCollege'sHistoricalSection,andthe Special Staff's Historical Division-originally published this work inthree volumes.ThefirsttwoconcentratedontheAmericanExpeditionary Forces(AEF).Volume1coverstheAEF'sgeneralheadquarters;the AmericanServicesof Supply;armies;armycorps;andseparate forces, including the three French army corps under American command in 1918 aswellasAmericanunitsinNorthRUf;siaandSiberia.Volume2 pro-videsoutlinehistoriesof theAEF'sdivisions.Theessaysinthesetwo volumes combine information about the command and composition of units with tables that offer the reader a broad survey of operations in both ma-jor andminortheatersandtherear areas.Volume3,consistingof five chapters organized intwo parts, presents an array of useful information on the zone of the interior. Part 1 includes the organization and activities of the WarDepartment,theterritorialdepartments,thedivisionsthat did notdeploy overseas,and data about posts,camps,andstations.Part 2 consistsof adirectoryof troops,covering allorganizations that made up theArmy between1917 and 1919.Each volumebegins with a guide totheuseofthematerial. In publishingthisfacsimilereprint,theCenter hasmadesomefor-matting changes to assist the modern reader, but the original text is un-changed. Volumes1 and 2 are reprinted intact. Volume 3,first published intwoparts,isnowdivided intothree,inthreeseparatevolumes.For the reader'sconvenience,anewappendix,"Posts,Camps,andStations iii Index:' has been added to the new Part 2.The original Part 2,the direc-tory of troops, is now Part 3.The volume's consecutive pagination remains the same.Toall volumes the Center has added its own front matter and, after thehalf-titlepage,incorporatedrelevantpagesoftheoriginalin-troductorymaterial(indicatedbybracketsaroundoriginalfolios). Any work that attempts todescribe such a vast and complex subject inevitablyincludeserrors of bothomissionandcommission.TheOrder of Battle isnoexception.Noattempthas been madetocorrectanyer-rors in the work.For thosestudents who wish to pursue these matters, they willfindmost of the originalsource material in the custody of the NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration.Whatremainsofthe original manuscript forthe volumes isin the custody of theCenter and isavailableforexamination. In increasing numbers, military historians are coming torealizethat the Army'sexperiences inWorldWarIofferstudentsof the profession of arms avast classroominwhich they mightstudy the many facetsof their subject. The Order of Battle is not a definitive guide, but it is a fine placetobeginanyin-depthstudyof that mightywar. Washington,D.G 7August1987 iv WILLIAMA.STOFFT Brigadier General,USA Chief ofMilitaryHistory Contents Page GENERALHEADQUARTERS,AMERICANEXPEDI-TIONARYFORCES....................................1 AMERICANSERVICESOFSUPPLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 AMERICANFIRST ARMY.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .81 AMERICANSECONDARMY............................150 AMERICANTHIRDARMy..............................170 AMERICANIARMYCORPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 AMERICANII ARMYCORPS.. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..220 AMERICANIII ARMYCORPS_..........................237 AMERICANIVARMYCORPS...........................268 AMERICANVARMYCORPS............................290 AMERICANVIARMYCORPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316 AMERICANVIIARMYCORPS..........................329 AMERICANVIIIARMYCORPS.........................337 AMERICANIXARMYCORPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341 FRENCHIICOLONIALCORPS(whileservingAmerican Armies)................................................346 FRENCHXVIICORPS(whileservingAmericanArmies). . . .362 FRENCHXXXIIICORPS(whileserving AmericanArmies).375 AMERICANEXPEDITIONARYFORCE,NORTHRUSSIA380 AMERICANEXPEDITIONARYFORCE,SIBERIA........385 AMERICANFORCES,FRANCE.........................390 AMERICANFORCES,GERMANY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 COMPARISONOFFRENCHANDGERMANCLOCK TIME,1918.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405 CALENDAR.............................................407 ABBREVIATIONS.......................................410 v AmericanExpeditionaryForces: GeneralHeadquarters Armies,ArmyCorps ServicesofSupply SeparateForces PREFACE This publication,"Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War", is an official War Department document prepared bytheHistoricalSection,ArmyWarCollege,forthepurposeof makingavailableanaccurate digestoftheprincipal factsconcerning theparticipationofthe largerorganizations ofthe landforcesofthe United States Army in the World War. It presents command rosters ofsuch organizations, tables depicting theirda.ilyorderofbattle,theircompositionatimportantperiods, and under "Record of Events" a chronological resume of the principal events regardingthe organizationand its operations. The work isplanned as consisting ofthreevolumes.Two volumes aredevotedtotheAmericanExpeditionaryForces,oneconcerning itself with organizations larger than a division, the other with divisions. Athirdvolumeiscontemplated,dealingwithorganizationsinthe United States and containing appendices pertinent to the entire series. The work isbased upon original sources,mostofwhichare official documents oftheWar Department.They include war diaries,oper-ationreports,journalsofoperations,reportsonbattle participation; historicalreportsofbrigades,divisions,corps,andarmies;field orders,operationorders,returns,rosters,cablegrams,telegrams,and numerousotherpapers,themajorityofwhichhadtheirgenesisin theorganizationsdescribed.Most ofthesedocumentsare onfilein theWorldWarDivisionofTheAdjutantGeneral'sOfficeor inthe Historical Section, ArmyWar College.A sourcebook,foreach unit described,hasbeenprepared indicatingtheauthorityforstatements made in the Order of Battle and is preserved in the Historical Section forreference. Everyefforthasbeenmadetoachieveaccuracy,but occasionally contradictory evidenceand incompletenessofrecordsmadethistask difficult.Beforepublishingthesevolumes,draftsoftheircontents wereforwardedtoofficerswhoparticipated intheoperations,whose first-handknowledgemadetheircooperationvaluable,andtheir criticisms were examinedandincludedinthis workwherejustified. Controversialandpersonalfactorshavebeenpurposelyomitted. Incorporatedinthisworkareoutlinehistoriesofalldivisions organizedduringthewar,thearmycorps,armies,servicesofsup-ply, and general headquarters, and the three French army corps which [ (V)] ix x [VI] wereunderAmericancommand.In additionaretherecordsof the AmericanforcesinNorthRussiaandinSiberia,separatemilitary expeditions,the American Forces in France, and the American Forces in Germany.The record of each American unit begins with the date when its mobilization or organization was ordered by the War Depart-ment or GeneralHeadquarters,AEF,andterminateswithitsdemo-bilizationordiscontinuance.InthecasesofcontinuingRegular Army divisionsthe records closewith the return of division hq tothe United States.The data on the French army corps cover the periods duringwhichtheywereactuallyunderAmericanarmycontrol. Wheneverconvenient,eachoutlinehistoryinthisworkhasbeen dividedintothreeparts:command,composition,andrecord. Thefollowingnoteswillexplainthegeneralarrangementandthe meaning ofcertainstandardizedstatementsappearing inthetext. COMMAND Underthisheadingwillbefoundthecommandersofallmajor units,includingbrigadesindivisions,andchiefsofstaff.Inthe armycorpsand higherunits,the namesofthe heads of staff sections anddeputychiefsofstaffhavebeenadded.Oppositeeachname appearsthedateofassumptionofcommandorentryuponoffice, continuity as to time being preserved by the inclusion of all command-ersadinterimandactinggeneralstaffofficers.Theruleinthese listshasbeentogivecreditforactualperformanceregardlessof orders.They areterminated,inthe case of organizations other than RegularArmy,ordinarilywithdemobilizationordiscontinuanceof theheadquarters.CommandlistsofcontinuingRegularArmy organizationsareterminateduponarrivaloftheirrespectivehead-quarters intheUnitedStates. COMPOSITION Thistableexhibitsthemilitaryunitsassignedorattachedduring importantperiodstothehigherorganizations.Asregardsunits permanentlybelongingtodivisionsthetableiscomplete.Units, attachedtoordetachedfromdivisions,areindicatedinseparate tables.Inorganizationslargerthandivisions-i.e.,armyand corps-there was nofixedorganization,and although many corps and armytroopsremainedcontinuouslyunderthesameheadquarters, mostofthemweretransferredfromonelargerunittoanotheras emergencydemanded.Accordinglysuchtroopsareheregrouped underhigherorganizationsasofthemostimportantdates.Care hasbeentakentomakesuchlistscomplete,butomissionswillbe found,especiallyofsmallnon-combatantunits.Noattempthas beenmadetodetermineactualperiodofserviceoftheunitslisted, Xl [VII] andtheperiodsarefixedonlyinageneralmanner.Ordersarethe basisforincludingsuchunitsincompositionforaparticularperiod, and,withrareexceptions,theservicerecordedwasactuallyper-formed.ThecompositionfortheSOS,allsections,isofthetimeof the signing of the armistice,and included in it isalist of the principal depotsandinstallationsoperatingundereachsection.Atableof abbreviationsappears in the back ofthisbook. TABLES Tables depicting graphically the daily order of battle arepublished opposite recordofevents inarmy,corps,and division records.Thus all arrangement III.;IV in the army tables indicates that the III and IV Corpsareabreastonthearmyfront,IV Corps ontheright,78th Divisioninarmyreserve. 42-3-80 Similarlyanarrangement32-92 indicates that the 42d, 3d,and 80th Divisions are in line abreast, from lefttoright,onacorpsfront,withthe32dand92dDivisionscom-prisingthecorpsreserve.l Aschangesaremadefromdaytodayin themajorunitsholdingbattlepositionsthecorpsandarmytables recordthe changes ineachcase by new graphic representations. In compilingthesetablesthe rule hasbeentoplace acorps or divi-siononthefrontlinecoincidentwithchangeofcommand,andits relief fromthe frontistreated under asimilar rule.Aunit isplaced inarmyorcorpsreserveonly whencompetent orderssoauthorize it tobe,andthenonlywhenitspositioninrelationtothebattlefront makes suchstatus logical. ~ Thearrangementdiscussedreferstoonlythosedivisionsorcorps servingonfrontlineorinreserve.Additionaltables,onthesame pagesthroughoutthearmyandcorpsrecords,includeandshowthe status ofthe other divisions,part ofthearmyandcorps,namely(a) divisions, assigned and attached by orders or letter, but which have not arrivedintheareaofthehigherorganizationunderconsideration;3 (r)divisionsneither in linenor reserve,althoughthe headquarters of suchdivisionsarewithinthe armyorcorpsareas;(x)divisionscon-trolledtacticallybysomeorganizationotherthantheoneunder IThroughout the Order at Battle publJeatlon, Roman numerals have been used In designating army corps, Arabic numerals, divisions, and the uniform practice has been enspell out the army designations.Exam-ples:ICorps;1stDlv;First Army.Unless some prefix likeFr (French), Br (British)Isused before such designation tbe unit under discussion Isan American unit. , Tbe Preface,pp.V andvr, Order of Battle-Divisions, should be read for athorough understanding of the principles followedthroughout this work on matters pertaining to this subject. Where duplicate ordersIssuefromtwo ormoreheadquarters of higher authority directing attachment orassignmentof8subordinateunitIthasbeentherule in preparingthisworktousethe ordersofthe principal authority. XlI [vmJ consideration(asinacasewhereanAmericandivisionisinlineor sectorunderaFrenchcorpsorarmy),butwhoseadministrative control iswiththe particular Americancorps considered.' Fixingthelocationofanorganizationwith respecttoaparticular armyorcorpsareaisdifficultwheresuchorganization ismoving,so theruleadoptedforthispublicationwasthattheestablishmentof theheadquartersofthemovingorganizationwouldcontrol.With-drawaloftheheadquarterslikewisewouldbeconsideredremoval fromthe area. RECORDOFEVENTS For each organization consideredinthis work,it has beenthe pur-pose, sofar as possible, to include under this heading all the important factspertainingtoit,inassuccinctamanneraspracticable.This recorddoesnotpurporttobeahistoryoftheorganization,butis rather anoutline. For the sake of clarity and uniformitythe record ofeach organiza-tion,whereit couldbedone,hasbeenbrokenupintosubdivisions inorderthatallthe factspertinenttoorganization,movementover-seas,training,operations,andpost-armisticeactivities,mightbe groupedunder respectiveheads.In the caseofthe higher units it is obviousthat somedeviationmustbemadefromsuchascheme,but asfaraspossiblethe generalplanwassocarriedout. Owingtothethenatureofthis workit hasbeenimpracticableto enter at length into the tactical or strategical maneuvers of each major unit;onlyfactspertinenttoorderofbattIe inoperationshavebeen included.Frontlinedescriptions,inthematterofdetail,vary naturallywiththenatureoftherecordunderconsideration,the armydescriptionsbeingverygeneral,thecorpslessgeneral,andthe divisiondescriptionsstillmoredetailed.Descriptionsofboundaries and zonesof action, shownin army and corpsaccounts,are extracted fromorders.French1 :200,OOO-scalemaps,"PlansDirecteurs" formthebasisoffrontlineandboundarydescriptions. AfterthearmisticedisintegrationoftheAmericanExpeditionary Forces began.Divisions were returned to the United States, as such, and, with the exception of Regular Army units, demobilized.Most of the higher units were abolished or discontinued abroad; sothis record, althoughitrelatestheeventstothepointofdissolutionordiscon-tinuance,doesnotdescribethereturntothe UnitedStates ofcorps, army,orhigherheadquarters,ortheirtroops,exceptingtheGeneral Headquarters,AEF.In the caseofdivisionsthe sailingsofthe first organicunitsandoftheheadquartersarerecorded;noattempthas beenmadetoaccountforalldivisionalunits,butthearrivalofthe Facts relating to administrative control In so far 88 the division records are concerned are Included In the divisional record of eventa. Xlll [ IX] lastdivisionalunitintheUnitedStatesisregularlyshowninorder toestablishthe temunation ofthe movement. The terms "arrive", "disembark", "land", used in describing move-mentsofunitsoverseas,areusedinterchangeablytoshowactual date ofarrival oftransports,carrying suchunits,at overseasports of debarkation. HOWTOUSETHEORDEROFBATTLE Giventhe informationthat the AmericanFirstArmywasrespon-sible forthe reduction of the St-Mihiel salient,the followingconcrete exampleispresentedtoillustratehowtheOrderofBattlemaybe used. Firststep:ObtainthearmyinformationbyturningtotheFirst Army record,pages 91to 109, and reading the record of events dealing withtheSt-MihielOperation.Next,studypages98,104,106,and 108,thetablesidentifyingthecorpsandshowingtheirbattle statusduringtheoperation.Thesetablesshowtheorderofbat-tleFirstArmySept12,openingdayofSt-MilllelOperation,tobe V-Fr IICI-IV-I.d'.hhVFII C1.1IVd I 809135' rnlcatrngtat te,r0oma ,, an Corps, from left to right were on the army front and that the 80th, 91st, and35thDivisionscomprisedthearmyreserve.Turntopage81, where may beobtainedthe names ofthecommander and staff ofthe FirstArmydirectingtheoperationSept12-16.Onpage82willbe foundalistofunitsservingtheFirstArmy,attimesbetweenAug 20-Sept16,most ofthem having directrelationshiptothe operation. Secondstep:Fromthearmyrecordithasbeenlearnedthatthe I, IV,V,and Fr II Colonial Corpstookpart inthe St-Milllel Opera-tion.Takeeachcorpsupinturnfollowingthe::lameprocedureas inthearmy.The recordofevents,tables,commandlist,andcom-positionfortheICorpsmaybefoundbetweenpages207and211. Similar data fortheIV Corps maybefoundon pages273to279,for theVCorpsonpages295to301,fortheFr ClCorpsonpages349 to355. Third step: Study of the records of the divisions that participated in theSt-MihielOperationmaynowbemade.Turningbacktothe tablesoftheICorpsitwillbenotedthatonSept12theorderof 2-5-90-82 battle ofthat corpswas78'which interpreted means that the2d,5th,90th,and 82dDivisions,inthat order fromleft to right, werein line on the front ofthe ICorps whenthe battle began and the 78thDivisionconstitutedICorpsreserve.Studyoftherecordsof eachofthesedivisions,tobefoundinthevolumeoftheOrderof Battledevotedtodivisions,willfurnishadditionaldataregarding XIV [X] theconductoftheSt-MihielOperation.1 Containedintherecord of each division willbe found the list of commanders, the composition, order of battle tables,and record of events, all having direct reference to the St-Mihiel Operation.After the records of the divisions forming part oftheICorpshavebeenstudiedthoseofthedivisionsforming part of the IV Corps may be taken up, then finally,the divisions of the VCorps.2 Thisprocedure willgiveacomplete roster ofthe army,corps,and divisioncommandersandtheirstaffs,participatingintheSt-Mihiel Operation;alistofallimportantunitsthattookpart;thecomplete day to day status of all the higher units, together with the relationship ofonetoanother;locationofheadquartersofallthehigherunits; andfinally,insuccinctsummaries,extractedfromtherecordof events,theprincipalfactsregardingtheactivitiesoftheFirst Army, theI,IV,VandFrenchIIColonialCorps,andalltheAmerican divisionsthat tookpart inthe operation. 1Divisional accounts pertaining to the St-Mihiel Operation will be found in Order of Battle of the United States,LandForcesintheWorldWar,AmericanExpeditionaryForces-Divi,ions aslollows:2dDiv, p.35,5thDiv.,p. 83,90thDiv.,p.413,82dDiv., p.353,78thDiv., p.313.Lists of commanders and com position openthese division accounts and the dates Sept 12-16 shouldbe studiedin connectionwith such. IRecords ofdivisions oftheFr II ColonialCorps are not available inthis publication. 1917 May26 Oct8 to Aug81, 1920 1917 May26 Aug31 Oct8 1918 May6 1919 May'I Aug12 to AugaI, 1920 1918 May1 Aug26 to June 80, 1919 1917 Sept8 Dec17 1918 Feb6 May1 June2Q Sept7 Oct23 Oct31 Nov2 Dec10 Dec20 Dec28 1919 May~ to July2.5 1917 Jnly5 Deo80 1918 May20 Aug19 Oct13 1919 Apr23 to June1 GENERALHEADQUARTERS,AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARYFORCES COMMANDANDSTAFF 1 Commander-In-ChlefAsslstan tChler. or Stalf G-ll 1917 MalOen John J.Pershing July6Mal Dennis E. Nolan Oen John J.Pershing Aug16Lt ColDennis E.Nolan Oct6Col Dennis E. Nolan 1918 ChIen. or Stair Ang2aBrig Oen Dennis E. Nolan U001JamesO.Harbord ColJamesO.Harbord1919 BrigOen James O.HarbordJuly6001 Aristldes Moreno 1920 Mal Oen James W. McAndrew July1Mal Aristldes Moreno to Aug16 MalOen JamesO.Harbord AssIstantChlen. or Staff G-.1 BrigOen F oxConner 1917 July6Lt ColJohnMoA.Pa,lmer Aug28ColKirby Walker(Acting) DeputyChler or Stair Oct2QColLeRoy Eltlnge(Acting) Nov5Col JohnMcA.Palmer Col LeR0I:ltlnge Nov8ColFoxConner(Aoting) BrigOenRoyEltlnge Deo19ColFoxConner 1918 Seeretarles or the General Stair Aug2.5BrigOenFox Oonner 1919 Mab Frank R.McOOt Feb3ColUpton Birnie(Acting) U01Frank R.Mcoy Mar10BrigOenFoxConner Mar12ColUptonBirnie (Acting) Mar26B r l ~OenFoxConner ColFrank R.McCoy Aug12Lt01Albert S.Kuegle MabJames L.Colllns Lt01JamesL.Co1l!n. 1920 Lt ColTbom8.'lW.Hammond(Acting) Lt ColThomas W.Hammond July1Capt Albert S.Kuegle MalAlbertS.Kuegle to Lt ColAlbertS.Kuegle Aug16 Lt Col Tbomas W.Ha=ondAssistant Chlen. of Stair G-4 Lt ColAlbertS.Kuegle1917 Lt Col James L.CollinsAug11Lt ColWllllamD.Connor Aug27Col WllllamD. Connor Col lames L.Colllus 1918 ApraoCol Oeorge V.H. Moseley July11Brig Oen OeorgeV.H.Moseley Assistant Chlers or Staff G-l to June6, 1919 MabJames A.Loen, Jr. Assistant ChIen. or Stalf G-6 Lt01James A.gan, lit. 1917 Aug11Lt ColPaul B.MaJone 001James A.Logan,Jr. Sept2ColPaul B. MaJone ColAvery D.Andrews Brig Gen Avery D. Andrew.1918 Feb1 ~ColHarold B. Fiske July12BrigGen Harold B.Fiske 001Oharles S.LInoolnto July10, 1919 ITitles given Inthis eo=and list are those of Nov11,1918.See Tables and RecordofEvents, GHQ. tortitles used before Nov. (1) 2 General Headquarters,AEF COMMANDANDSTAFF-Continued Adjutants GeneralChief Ordnance Officers 19171917 May26001Benjamin AlvordMay26Lt ColClarenceC.Williams Oct8 GenBenjamin AlvordOct8Brig Gen ClarenceC.Williams I Nov2Lt01RobertC.Davis(Acting) 1918 1918

5ColHarry B. Jordan(Acting) Ian22BrigGenBenjamin Alvord 6Brig GenCharlesB.Wheeler May1LtColRobertC.Davis Oct9Brig GenJohn H.Rice May9ColRobert C.Davis 1919 lu1y11Brig GenRobert C.Davia Aug13Col Edwin D.Bricker to to Aug31, Aug31 1920 Chief Enllfneer Officers Judge Advocate 1917 1917 May26Col Harry Taylor May26Lt ColWalter A.Bethel Aug31Brig GenHarry Taylor I Oct8Brig GenWalter A.Bethel 1918 1920 July11MajGenWilliamC.Langfitt July1ColWalter A.Bethel to 1919 Aug16 July16Col Thomas H. Jackson InspectorGeneralto 1917 Aug31 May26ColW.Brewster Chief 81(/1181Officers Sept2BrigGen W.Brewster1917 Dec1MajGen W. BrewsterMay26Col Edgar Russel Oct8BrigGen Edgar Russel a 1920 Feb26Brig Gen W. Brewster1919 to July11ColRoy H.Coles Aug15 (Acting) Chief Quartennas ter.July24ColRoy H.Coles 1917to May26Col DanielE.McCarthy Aug31 Aug13ColHarry L.Rorrs Chiefs of Air Service Oct8Brig Gen Harry.Rogers I1917 1918 May26Maj TownsendF.Dodd June30Lt ColWilliam Mitchell Aug28MajGen Harry L.Rogers Aug26Col WilliamL.Kenly 1919 Sept2Brig GenWilliamL.Kenly Ian22BrigGen John M.Carson(Acting) Nov27Brig Gen Benjamin D. Foulols 6 Apr10ColJohn T.Knight(Acting) 1918 Apr12Collohn T.Knight May29Brig Gen Mason M.Patrick to luly11MalGenMason M.Patrick Aug31 Chief 8urgeona 1919 1917 July9ColAubrey Lippincott May26ColAltredE.Bradley to(Acting) Oct8Brig GenAltredE. Bradley I Aug31 Provost Marshals General 1918 1917 May1ColMerrltte W. IrelandJuly20Lt ColHanson E.Ely May20BrigGenMerritte W.Ireland Aug26ColWilliamH.Allaire Aug25MajGenMerritte W.Ireland Aug31Brig Gen William H. Allaire' Oct10ColWalter D. McCaw 1918 1919lune2QLt Collohn C.Groome Mar8Brig Gen Walter D. McCaw luly16ColClarence J.Manly(Acting)Sept25Brig Gen Harry. Bandholtz luly24ColClarence 1. Manlyto toAug31, Aug311919 IIn compliance with GONo.31,GHQAEF,February 16,1918,the Office of the Chief Quartermaster, AEF,wasplacedundercommandoftheCommandingGeneral,SOS,andmovedfromChaumontto Tours,March11,1918. In compliance with GONo. 31,GHQAEF,February 16,1918,the Officeof the Chief Surgeon, AEF, wasplacedundercommandoftheCommandingGeneral,SOS,andmovedfromChaumonttoTours, March 20,1918. B In compliance with GONo.31,GHQ AEF, February 16,1918, the Office of the Chief Ordnance Officer, AEF,wasplacedundercommandoftheCommandingGeneral,SOS,andmovedfromChaumontto Tours,March17,1918. IIn compliance with GONo. 31J GHQ, AEF, February 16,1918,the Office of the Chief Engineer,AEF, was placed under the command O[the Commanding General,SOS, and moved fromChaumont to Tours, March18,1918. IIn compliance with GONo. 31,GHQ AEF,February 16,1918, the Office of the Chief Signal Officer wa.. placedunderthecommandoftheCommandingGeneral,SOS,andmovedfromChaumonttoTours, Marcb 19,1918. a In compliance withGONo.31,GHQAEF,February 16,1918,theOfficeof theChief ofAirService, AEF,wasplacedundercommandoftheCommandingGeneral,80S,andmovedfromChaumontto Tours in February,]918. ,IncompliancewithGONo.31,GHQ,AEF,February16,1918,theOfficeoftheProvostMarsbal General,AEF,wasplacedunderthecommandoftheCommandingGeneral,SOS,andmovedfrom Obaumont to TOIlISMarch 6,1918. 3 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF COMMANDANDSTAFF-Continued 1917 Aug30 1918 Jan16 Oct15 to June30, 1919 General Purchasing Agent Lt ColCharlesG.Dawes ColCharlesG.Dawes I BrigGenCharles G.Dawes Chiefs of ChemIcalWarfare Service 1917 Sept3 Sept4 1918 Aug26 Nov29 to July6, 1919 Lt Col Amos A.Fries ColAmos A.Fries' BrigGen AmosA.Fries 10 Col Edward N. Johnston ,. (Acting) Directors General of Traneportatlon 1917 Sept14WilHamW.Atterbury (without commission) Oct8BrigGenWilliamW.Atterbury 11 1919 May16BrigGenFrankR.McCoy Aug4BrigGen Sherwood A.Cheney to Aug31 Directors of Motor Transportation 1917 Dec8ColFrancis H.Pope 11 1918 July9ColMeriwether L.Walker July12BrigGenMeriwetherL.Walker 1919 Aug13ColEdgar S.Stayer to Aug31 Chief of Tank CorpS 1917 Dec23ColSamu.l D.ROckenbach 1918 July11Brig GenSamuel D.Rockenbach to May24, 1919 1918 Apr29 May1 to June12, 1919 1917 Chief of Artillery B r i ~GenErnest Hinds MalGenErnest Hinds Headquarters Commandants Sept13MalRobertBacon 1918 Jan7LtColConrad S.Babcock Feb28LtColFrancisW.Ralston July16ColFrancis W.Ralston to July11, 1919 Oflicersln Charge of CivilAffairs,AdvanceGHQ. 1918 Nov21Brig Gen Harry A.Smith 1919 May28Lt ColHarry S.Grier to June3 1918 July4 1919 Jan18 Feb27 Apr26 May17 to June6 Senior Chaplains Chaplain(Maj)Charles H. Brent Chaplain (Capt)Paul D.Moody(Acting) Chaplain(Maj)Charles H.Brent Chaplain(Mal)JosephL.Hunter (Acting) Chaplain(Maj)Paul D. Moody (Acting) IIn compliancewithGONo.31,GHQAEF,February 16,1918,theOfficeortheGeneralPurchasing Agent,AEF,wasplacedundercommandortheCommandingGeneral,SOS,towhomGeneralDawes reportedFebruary 19,1918. IIncompliancewithGONo.31,GHQAEF,February16,1918,theOfficeortheChierorChemical Warrare Service,AEF,wasplaced under command orthe CommandingGeneral,SOS,towhomGeneral Fries reportedFebruary 17,1918. 10GeneralFriesrelinquishedandColonelJohnstonassumedthedutiesorChierorChemicalWarrare Service at 10:30A.M.,November29,1918. 11In compliancewithGONo.31,GHQAEF,February 16,1918,theOfficeortheDirectorGeneralor Transportation,AEF,wasplacedundercommandortheCommandingGeneral,SOS,towhomGeneral Atterbury reportedFebruary 17,1918. 11In compliance with GONo. 31,GHQ, AEF, February 16,191R,the Office or the Director Motor Trans-portService,AEF,wasplacedunderthe command ortheCommandingGeneral,808, to whomColonel Pope reportedMarch 25,1918. NOTE Thethreechartsappearingonthesucceedingpagesdepictthe organizationofGHQ,AEF,atdifferentstagesofitsexistence. ORGANIZATIONOFGENERALHEADQUARTERS,AEF JULY5,1917 -I -I -I --I -\ -\ -I 1 GONo.8, 1917 (CorrectedCopy 1) COMMANDINGGENERAL Personal StalI CHIEFOFSTAFF secretary toGen StalI GENERALSTAFF Administra-tive Policy Section Intell!gence Section ADMINISTRATIVEANDTECHNICALSTAFF Adjutant General(A G)Chief SignalOfficer(CSO) '---------!-InspectorGeneral(I G )Chief of Air Service(CAS) L---___I-Judge Advocate(JA)GcneralPurchasing Agent(G P A) L-____-----1I-Chief Quartermaster(CQM)Chief ofGas Service(CGS) L-____-----1!-Chief Surgeon(CS) DirectorGeneralofTransportation (DGT) Chief Engineer Officer(CEO) CommandingGeneral-Lines of Communication(CG,Lof C) Chief OrdnanceOfficer(COO)Chief of RedCross(C ofRC) L-____-----1!-Commandant(HQ)Provost MarshalGeneral(PMG) L-____-----1I-1GeneralOrderNo 8 was originally iMuedon July 6,1917,and provided foraGeneralStalI ofthree sec-tjons-Adminlstration,Intell!gence,andOperations;andanadministrativeBtalIcomprisingAdjutant General,JudgeAdvocateGeneral,InspectorGeneral,Quartermaster,Engineer,Ordnance,Medicalj Signal,andAviationservices.Furtherreorganizationwasmade Aug11,1917,hy issuanceofcorrectea order shown ahove.(SeeRecord ofEvents,GHQ.) (5) ORGANIZATIONOFGENERALHEADQUARTERS,AEF FEBRUARY16,1918 I I I GONo 31,1918 (CorrectedCopy) COMMANDERINCHIEF (CInC) I I PersonalStaff CHIEFOFSTAFF I (Cof8) II I Secretary,General Staff II Deputy Chief of Staff (SGS)(DC ofS) GENERALSTAFF II I I First Sec,SecondSec,Third Sec,Fourth Sec,Fifth Sec, C o m d ~GenAssistantAssistantAssistantAssistantAssistant Chief ofChief ofChief ofChief ofChief ofServices StaffStaffStaffStaffStaff ofSupply (AC of S,(AOofS,(ACofS,(AC of S,(ACof S,(CG,SOSI) G-l)G-2)G-3)G--4)G-5) -I Adjutant General(AG) I Chief Quartermaster (CQM) 1--I Inspector General(IG) I Chief Surgeon(CS) 1--I Judge Advocate(JA) I Chief Engineer Officer(CEO) 1--I Chief of Artillery(0 of A) I Chief OrdnanceOfficer(COO) I--I Chief ofTank Corps(CofTC) I Chief SignalOfficer(CSO) 1-I 1--I Headquarters Commandant I Chief of Air Service(CAS) (HQC) I 1-GeneralPurchasing Agent (GPA) I Chief of Gas Service(CGS) I-I Director General of Transportation (DGT) 1--I Provost MarshalGeneral(PM G) I-I Director,Motor TransportCorps I ~ (DMTC) ITechnical staffandsupplyservicesshownInthe abo'!etableassubjecttotheordersoftheOom., manding General,SOS, maintain rellresentatlves with the GeneralStaff at OHQ, AEF,to assure prompt _vice in the Zone of Operations.(SeeRecord of Events, GHQ.) (6) ORGANIZATIONOFGENERALHEADQUARTERS,AEF NOVEMBER11,1918 '--__C_O_M_M_A_N_D_ErR_I_N_C_H_IE_F_----'I--IPersonal Stall I CHIEFOFSTAFF H Deputy Cof S I I II I Secy,Gen Stall I I Commanding General, Services of Supply III I I AsstAsst Asst II Chief ofChief of Chief of Personal Stall BtallBtall Btall 1st Bec,3rdSec, 5thSec, GS(G-l)GS(G-3) GS(G-5) 1 Chief of Stall I Admlnis- Opera-Training trationtions II I Secy, Gen S tall1 I Deputy Cof S I Asst Asst ChIef of ChIef of Stall Stall 2nd Sec, 4th Sec,III OS(G-2) GS(G-4) Intell!-Supply AsstAsstAsst gence ChiefofChief ofChief of BtaffStall'Btaff 1stSec,2ndSec,4th Sec, -I AdjutantGeneral GS(G-l)GS(G-2)GS(0-4) I AdjutantGeneralSOS 1-r-I Judge Advocate I /-Judge Advocate SOS -I Inspector General I InspeetorGeneralSOS I-I Provost Marshal General' /--I Chief ofArt!llery I DirectorArmy BervlceCorps I-I DirectorGeneral Transportation \--I 1 Chief of Infantry I I Director Motor Transport Corps I-I ChIef Surgeon 1--I Chief ofCavalry I I I ChIef Engineer 1--I Chief of Tank Corps I I ChIef ChemicalWarfare Service I-I Air ServIce-Supply &Personnel 1--I Chlef ofAir ServIce 1 1 Chief SignalOfficer /-I I Chief Quartermaster 1-~ I Headquarters Commandant I1-Chief Ordnance Officer I War RIskSection I-I GeneralPurchasing Agent I-I CommandingOfficers,Base,Intcrme-I-IThe Infantry andCavalry offices were neverdiate andAdvance Sections organized. 1-2 TheProvostMarshalGeneralreturnedin I Renting,Requisition andClaims Nov1918toChaumontandbecame amember Service ofthestaf!oftheCommander inChief. I ARMIESI ~THEFIELD 1 I FirstArmy I SecondArmy I ThirdArmy J (7) 8 GeneralHeadquarter.,AEJ' COMPOSITION GENERALHEADQUARTERSTROOPS(Assigned) November11,1918 Enllneers.Co H29th. ChemicalWarfare Service.Two bns of 1stGas Regt.. RailwayArtyReser..e. 30thBrig CAC: Hq; 42d,43d,52d,and 53dCAORegts; 40thBrig CAC: Hq;73d, 74th,and75thCACRegts.1st,2d,3d,and 4thRailwayOrdnanceRepairShops. Tns.BOlst,802d,ProvisionalNosI, TankCorps:HeavyTankBns:301,302,303,304,and306.Light TankDns:326,327,328,329.330332, 835,336,337,and a.TankBrigHq:304th andB07th.Repair andSBlv81;eCos:307,317,318,and 321. SOI.tand302dTrainingCentenoTrainingandReplacementCos(Light):303,376,377,378,379, 380.381. BlenalCorps.Photo Sections:104, 106,107,108,and 100. NOTE.-Oct16,1918,Anti-aircraftService,AEF,operatesfromthisdateunderGHQ.In additionto above at GHQ are theHq Bn,HqGuard, aband, and detechments serving the stalf departments. STRENGTHOFAEF,NOVEMBER30,1918 OfficersEnlisted GeneralOfficersandHeadqnarters Stafis _____________________________________ _ 6,796 Headquarters Detachments __________________________________________________ _ 010,303 HeadquarteIll Troops ________________________________________________________ _ 19814,516 Medica.!Department,USArmy ____________________________________________ _ 14,134,301 MedicalDepartment,US Navy _____________________________________________ _ 62416 Quartermaster Corps ________________________________________________________ _ 5,0671132,557 SignalCorps_________________________________________________________________ _ 1,30633,991 AirService __________________________________________________________________ _ 5,84157,645 Corps ofEngineers ___________________________________________________________ _ 6,955234,658 OrdnanceDepartment _______________________________________________________ _ 1,22721,475 Ca valry _____________________________________________________________________ _ 2065,466 FieldArtl\lery _______________________________________________________________ _ 8,732206,831 Coast Artl\lery Corps________________________________________________________ _ 3,20769,958 Infantry _____________________________________________________________________ _ 19,070609,4.10 TankCorps _________________________________________________________________ _ 7309,809 Ammuni tlonTrains _________________________________________________________ _ 1,177Supply Tralns _______________________________________________________________ _ 81929,784 MilitaryPollce ______________________________________________________________ _ 39612, 508 PostalExpressService_______________________________________________________ _ 1242,806 Marines. ___________________________________ __ _. _____________________________ _ 60317,825 CasuaJs ______________________________________________________________________ _ 2,714200,001 Tota.! __________________________________________________________________ _ SO,OO4'1,849,758 1 IncludesMotor TransportCorps, whichNov11,1918,numbered1,135officersand26,957enlistedmen. 'The abovetableindicatesactualstrengthoftheAEFNov30,1918,andmustnotbe confusedwith totaitrooparrivalsIntheAEFwhichnumbered2,082,137as ofthe same date.The totalarrivaisInthe AEF (excluding civilians)toIan I,1919,were 2,083,865of which 84,020were officers,1,9S7,H3 were enlisted men,10.635werenurses,and1,767wer.fieldclerks.In addition 3,185clvllJanswere broughttoEurope principally forwork withmilitarizedaid societies. GENERALHEADQUARTERS,AEF STATEMENT TheactivitiesofGeneralHeadquarters,AmericanExpeditionary Forces(GHQ,AEF),fallnaturallyintofourclasses-internal organ-izationanddevelopmentoftheheadquartersstaffitself;plansfor employmentoftroops;organizationoftheAmericanExpeditionary Forces(AEF)at large;andtheactualconductofoperations. Intheconductofoperations,noterritorialortacticalcommand wasexerciseddirectlybyGHQ.Suchauthoritywasdelegatedto subordinateunits.Priortotheorganizationofthe First Army,dur-ingthe summer of1918,thesituation requireduseofAmericandivi-sionsinbattleunderotherthanAmericanhighercommand.Not untilJuly1918wasitpossiblefortheUnitedStatestoexercise tacticalcommandoveritsowndivisionswithAmericancorpsstaffs; andAug30,1918,marksthetimewhentacticalordersfirstissued froman American army hq to its divisionson the battle front.How-ever,GHQdirectedandsupervisedverycloselytheadministration andgeneralemploymentofallAmericantroops.Duringtheearly stagesthiswasdonethroughstaffrepresentatives.Lateranumber ofcorpsstaffswereestablishedwhichmaintainedtheproperliaison forGHQ.ThesestaffsweresentintoFrenchandBritishareas whereAmericandivisionswerebeingtrainedor usedinbattle,with completeadministrativeauthorityoversuchdivisionsandwith coordinateauthority,inthematteroftacticalcontrol,withthe staffsoftheforeigncorpsconcerned.Americancorpsstaffsofthis character,establishedinthezonesoftheFr Sixth,Fr Seventh,and FrEighthArmies,maintaineddirectliaisonforGHQ,withthe Americandivisionsservingtherein.TheAmericanIICorpsstaff similarlyadministeredAmericandivisionsinBritishareas.With the organization ofthe American First Army during August1918the necessityforthiscontroldisappeared;tacticalcontrolofAmerican unitsthereafter,withfewexceptions,wasexercised,underGHQ supervision,directlybyAmericanarmyandcorpsstaffs. (9) 10 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS ThemajoroperationsoftheWorldWarinwhichAEFtroops 1 participatedareasfollows: CambraL ____________________________Nov20-Dec 4,1917. SommeDefensive _____________________Mar 21-Apr 6,1918. Lys _________________________________Apr 9--27,1918. Aisne___ _____ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _May27-June 5,1918. Montdidier-Noyon ____________________June9--13,1918. Champagne-Marne ____________________July15-18,1918. Aisne-Marne _________________________July18-Aug 6,1918. SommeOffensive ______________________Aug8-Nov11,1918. Oise-Aisne ____________________________Aug18-Nov11,1918. ypres-Lys ____________________________Aug19--Nov11,1918. St-MihieL ___________________________Sept12-16,1918. Meuse-Argonne _______________________Sept 26-Nov11,1918. Vittorio-Veneto _______________________Oct24-Nov4,1918. The remainingthreeclassesofactivitiesare outlined inthe follow-ing pages. 1ForInformationpertainingtobattleparticipationofparticularorganizations,consulttherecordof events torarmies,corps,ordivisions. 11 General Headquarters, AEF RECORDOFEVENTS ORGANIZATIONANDDEVELOPMENT 1917 May 2,War Department notifiesMajGen John J. Pershing, Com-mandingSouthernDepartment,FortSamHouston,Tex,thathe maybedesignatedtocommandanoverseasexpeditionary forcefor France.May10,GenPershingarrivesWashingtontoconsult asto expedition.May18,GenPershingdesignatedtocommand;begins selection of staff.May 24,President WilsonandGen Pershing con-fer regarding expedition.May 26,GenPershingassumes command; announcesstaffof31officers.May27,GenPershingreceives instructionsdefininghisauthorityandmission.May28,staff assemblesat Governor'sIsland,NY,andsailsat5PM forEngland onSS"Baltic"- 40regulararmyofficers,17reserveofficers,2 marinecorpsofficers,67enlistedmen,36fieldclerks,20civilian clerks,3interpreters,3correspondents.1 June7,hqarrivesLiverpool;temporarilyestab-GENERAL HEADQUARTERSlishedSavoyHotel,London.June13,hqmoves London,EnlllBnd June 7,1917 via Folkestone and Boulogne(Pas-de-Calais) to Paris; established27-31RueConstantine.Later,some officesat 10Rue Ste-Anneandelsewhere inParis.June14,French Paris, France June 13,1917 MinistryofWarestablishesmilitarymissionwith HqAEF.June25,liaisonestablishedwithFrench GHQ(GenPetain). July 5,staff reorganizedon linesprovided inField ServiceRegula-tions,withGeneralStaffinthreesections-Administration,Intelli-gence,Operations;theadministrativestaffconsistsoftheAdjutant General,JudgeAdvocate,InspectorGeneral,ChiefQuartermaster, Chief Surgeon,andthe Chief Engineer, Chief Ordnance, Chief Signal, andAviationofficers.LineofCommunicationsareated.July12, liaison establishedwith Br GHQ.July20,Provost Marshal General (PMG)addedtostaff.July25,MajGenRichardM.Blatchford beginsdutiesasCommandingGeneral,LineofCommunications(L ofC). IThe Personal Staff (Aides-de-Camp)consistedof:Capt NelsonE.Margetts,FA; Capt James L. Col 11m,Cav;1stLt MartinC_Shallenberger,In!. The originalmembers oftheGeneral Staff were Maj JamesG.Harbord, Cav,Chief of Staff;MajJohn McAPalmer, GSC;MalDennis E. Nolan,GSC;MajFox Conner, Ass't Inspector General;Capt Arthur L.Conger,Inf;Capt HughA.Drum,Inf. TheAdministrativeandSupplyStaffwas:ColBenjaminAlvord,AdjutantGeneral;ColAndrAW. Brewster, Inspector General; Lt Col Walter A.Bethel, Judge Advocate;ColDaniel E. McCarthy, QMC; Col AlfredE. Bradley,MC who JoinedIn London;Lt ColMerrltte W.Ireland,MC; ColHarry Taylor. o ol E.Lt 001ClarenceC.W!lIlams,Ord;ColEdgarRussel,SC;MaJTownsendF.Dodd,Avlatlao Sec,SO. 12 GeneralHeadquarters,AEll' RECORDOFEVENTS Aug11,stafforganizationalteredbyaddingCoordinationand TrainingsectionstoGeneralStaff.Aug30,GeneralPurchasing Agent(GPA) added to staff. Cbaumont-en.IIa88IJD7.Sept1hqmovestoChaumont-en-Bassigny HauteMarn..' Sepl 1. 1917(Haute-Marne),tobe WIthineasy reach ofAmencan training areas.Personnel now 74 officers, 122 clerks, 1146 enlisted men, FrenchandBritishmissionsestablishedatChaumont.PMGcom-mandsthetroopsinParis;office10RueS t e ~ A n n e .Sept3,"Gas Service" established as section of staff.Officeof Chief of Air Service created.Sept6,War Department designates Hq AEF as'ianarmy headquarters",transmitsTablesofOrganizationassigningexisting personnel,with additions,tocompleteorganization.Sept13,Army Hq Trooporganizedbytransfer ofmenfrom1st DivandCABrig, bothinFrance.Sept14,TransportationDepartmentisestablished andaDirectorGeneralofTransportationaddedtostaff.Sept20, WarDepartmentformallyestablishesHqAEFasanarmyhead-quarters.Sept25,theC-in-CsendstoWarDepartmentplan for organizing Tank Corps in France. Oct27,GenPershingauthorizedtoappointActingGeneralStaff officers. Nov 28,General StaffCollegeopens at Langres(Haute-Marne). Dec8,ChiefofMotorTransport,AEF,addedtostaff.Dec9, liaisonestablishedwithBelgianGHQ.Dec17,AmericanMission establishedwithFrenchGHQ.Dec20, PMG, movestoChaumont. Dec22, TablesofOrganizationforGHQ, approved by Gen Pershing, provide staff of 547officers,229fieldclerks,22interpreters,and 3471 enlisted men.Dec 23,Chief of Tank Service added tothe staff.Dec 27,GenPershingrecommendsthatWarDepartmentdesignatehis hqasGeneralHeadquartersAEF;HqTrooptobeexpandedinto Hq Bn.Dec 28,the Tables of Organization for GHQ, prepared by the General Staff AEF andapproved by Gen Pershing, are transmitted to War Department.(Approved by the War Department, Feb8,1918.) 1918 Jan8,AmericanMissionestablishedatBritishGHQ.Jan17, Hq AEF redesignated asGHQ, AEF.Jan19,GenTasker H.Bliss, AmericanmemberSupremeWarCouncil,arrivesinEuropeandon Jan 25enters upondutiesat Versailles. Feb15,MajGenEben SwiftdesignatedChief of Military Mission tobesenttoItaly.Feb16,generalreorganizationofstaffbegins. 13 GeneralHeadquartersAEF RECORDOFEVENTS TechnicalandsupplyservicesareorderedtoTourswhere,acting under their titles and authority as members of the staff ofthe C-in-C, theyexercisealltheirfunctionsofprocurement,supply,transporta-tionand construction under the direction of the Commanding General, ServiceoftheRear(SOR).Althoughthesetechnicalandsupply servicesaresubjecttotheordersoftheOommandingGeneral,SOR, representatives of each remain attachedtothe General Staff atGHQ tomaintainthe closeliasion necessary forprompt serviceinthe Zone ofOperations.TheChief ofStaffGeneral Staff Sections forAdmin-istrativePolicy,Intelligence, Operations, Coordination,andTraining, eachunderanAssistantChiefofStaff,remainat Chaumont;alsoa Secretary GeneralStaff,Adjutant General,InspectorGeneral,Judge Advocate,Ohief of Tank Oorps,Hq Oommandant,and officersrepre-senting services established at Tours.AOhief of Utilities isaddedto thestaff.Feb17-Mar 25,staffservicesmovingtoTours.Feb22, AmericanMissiontoItalyreachesRomeandproceedstoItalian GHQat Padua. Mar 10-11,Americanand BelgianGHQexchangemissions.Mar 13,ServiceofRear(SOR)redesignatedServicesofSupply(SOS). Mar16,WarDepartmentinstitutespolicyofrotationofGeneral StaffofficersbetweenUnitedStatesandAEF;30GeneralStaffoffi-cers returned toUnited States accordingly. Apr 29, Chief of Artillery, AEF, is added to the hq staff, Chaumont. May 1, a Deputy Chief of Staff appointed.May 9, Military Postal ExpressestablishedasnewserviceunderAdjutantGeneral,AEF. May20-21,CentralRecordsOfficeorganizedSt-Pierre-des-Corps (nearTours).May27,officeofChiefofArtillery,AEF,opens Chaumont.May 29-June 10, Advanced GHQ in operation at Greme-villiers(Oise). June12,PersonnelBureauestablishedatGHQ.June20,Col Oharles G.Dawes designatedasAmerican representative on Military BoardofAlliedSupply.June28,"Gas Service,AEF" redesignated "OhemicalWarfare Service,AEF." July 4,MajOharlesG.Brent, Bishop of the Philippines,appointed Senior Ohaplain, AEF, with officeat Ohaumont.July 6,Italian Mis-sionestablishedatGHQ.July24,BrigGenOharlesG.Treat suc-ceedsMajGenEbenSwiftasChiefofMissioninItaly.Formal announcement madeoforganizationofFirst Army,effectiveAug10. Aug9,CommandingGeneralSOSauthorizedbyGenPershingto routecommunications,notinvolvingimportantmattersofpolicy, 14 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS directtoWarDepartment.Sept15,CentralRecordOfficetrans-ferredtoBourges(Cher). Oct10,"Railway ArtilleryReserve,FirstArmy"istransferredto GHQandconstituted"RailwayArtilleryReserveAEF."Oct15, officeofPMG returns toChaumont.Oct16,GHQoperatesasHq, GroupofAmericanArmies.Anti-AircraftServiceoperatesdirectly underGHQ.Oct25-Dec3,AdvancedGHQoperatesat Ligny-en-Barrois(Meuse). Nov11,AmericanofficersperfonninggeneralstaffdutiesinAEF number390.Nov27PMGagainmemberofstaffofC-in-C;MP CorpsattacheddirectlytoGHQ,Chaumont. Dec3,OfficerinChargeofCivilAffairsinOccupiedTerritory addedtostaff,andhasrepresentativesthroughoutoccupiedareas. Dec3,1918-June9,1919,AdvancedGHQoperatesatTrier, Germany. 1919 Feb12,HistoricalsubsectioninOfficeofSecretary,General Staff, reconstitutedasHistoricalSection,GeneralStaff. June1,ProvostMarshalGeneral'sofficestransferredtoChateau-du-Loir(Sarthe).June20,TreatyofPeacesignedVersailles.July 3,Hq AF inGrelievesGHQofduties inGennany. Paris, FranceJuly9,PMGofficestransferredto45Avenue July 11,1919Montaigne, Paris.July 11, GHQ closes at Chaumont and opens at 45AvenueMontaigne,Paris. Sept 1,Hq AF in Frelieves GHQ ofcontrol of personnel and estab-lishmentsinEuropeexceptingthosecontrolledbyAFinG.GHQ sails for United States on SSLeviathan, arrives Hoboken,NJ, Sept 8. Sept8-13,GHQisoperatingatWaldorf-AstoriaHotel,NewYork City.Sept13,GHQmovestoWashingtonandestablishestempo-raryhqinOldShorehamHotelforshortperiodthenopensregular hq inLandOfficeBuilding,7thandEStreets,NW. 1920 Aug31,GHQdiscontinued. PLANSFOREMPLOYMENTOFTROOPS 1917 May28,ChiefofAmericanLiaisonGroupwithFrenchAnnies transmitstoChief of AmericanMilitary Missionaprogram, prepared in French GQG,providingforreception,installation.andtraining of 15 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS Americantroops.It proposestrainingtroopsinLorraineasthe logicallocationforbattleparticipation.It suggestsuseofportsin southwestern France as debarkation points, utilization of the rail lines fromsuchportstotheLorraineregion,installationstobegrouped around Tours,Bourges,andNevers.French cooperation intraining isproposed. June10,BoardofOfficersfromHqAEF initiatesinvestigationof portsinsouthwesternFranceforuseasbases.June21,Boardof OfficersproceedstoLorrainetostudysuitabilityofregionfordevel-opmentandemploymentofAmericanAnny.June28,Boardof Officersrecommendthat,withsomemodification,Frenchplanof developingtheAmericantheatreintheLorraineregionbeadopted. Negotiationsbegintoobtainthenecessaryfacilities. July1,GenPershingandGenPetain,the French C-in-C,incon-ference,workout detailsnecessarytoinstituteaction,andthe plan iscabledtoWarDepartmentforapproval.July3,staffatGHQ beginsstudy of French military supply system withaviewtomodifi-cationofAmericansystem.July6,thehqbeginsstudyofuseof FrenchmethodsandtroopsinAmericantraining.July11,General OrganizationProjectisapprovedbyGenPershing.2 Aug9,thehqopensconferencewithFrenchMinistryofWarre-gardingorganizationofcommunicationsandfacilitiesforcontem-platedAmericanfront.Aug15,FrenchC-in-Cembodiesresultof conferenceinformalproposaltoGHQ. Sept 3,GenPershing instructs staff topreparestrategicalstudy of entireWesternFront,withparticularattentiontolocalitybetween VerdunandtheSwissborder,theobjectbeingtodetermineproper mission forthe AEF.Gen Pershing,Sept 13,approvesrevised com-municationsplan(seeAug9and15above),committingAmerican Army to no permanent theatre ofoperation.Sept 25,thestaff sends totheC-in-CitsplanforfutureemploymentoftheAEF.It pro-posesasafirststepanattack,inMay1918,byFranco-American force,againstSt-Mihielsalient,conditioneduponarrival,inFrance, before that date,of at least500,000Americans.EntryofAmerican troops is suggested, between Feb and May, along the south faceof the salient,betweenPont-a-Moussonandtherailroadconnecting IThe General Organization Project isthe product of Joint study on the part 01 a War DepartmentMil!-tary Mission and staff officers of Hq AEF.May 28,1917 the Mission, headed by Col Chauncey Baker, was seut to Europe to make a thorough study of the military establishments of the allied armies in order that it might recommend to the War Departmeut a defiuite plan by whichthe Americau overseas army might be created.It completed Its studies iu about amonth aud early iu July held confereuceswith officersofHq .A.EFengagedin similar study.(Seepage 20foradditionaldata.) 16 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS Domevre-en-HayewithThiaucourt;Americantroopstotrainin regionwestofPont-a-Mousson,readytoaidthe French Army,until Feb 1918. Oct 7,GHQtransmitstothe WarDepartment,a"Priority Sched-ule" determining the order of sbipment of troops.It divides the total forceof1,328,448,providedforintheGeneralOrganizationProject ofJuly11,1917,intosixphases.Acombatarmycorpsofsixdivi-sionsandcorpstroopsisincludedin each ofthe firstfivephases.In the sixth phase, and alsodistributed throughout the other fivephases, arearmytroopsandtroopsfortheServiceoftheRearandTank Projects. Dec23,FrenchC-in-CinitiatesdiscussionwithGenPershingfor purpose ofexpeditingtraining ofAmericantroopsby attaching them to French divisions. 1918 Jan 9,British open conferences with Hq, AEF, concerning transpor-tation of American troops in British ships.Jan 11, agreement reached with French(seeDec 23above) withstipulation that plan is fortrain-ingonly insectorsonstabilizedfronts.Execution ofplanbeginsat once.GenPershingagreestouseof369th,370th,371st,and372d regiments of infantry by French Army.Jan 30,"Six Division Plan" (seeJan9above)adopted,providingfortransportationofsix(later ten)American divisions,lessartillery andtrains,to France in British ships,forpreliminary training in Britisbareas. Feb5,agreement reachedregardingtraining ofAmericandivisions inBritishareas(seeJan30above).Feb19,GensPershingand PHain,at Chantilly(Oise)furtherconsider American plan of Sept 25 foremployment ofAmericantroops inSt-Mibiel region.Agreement is reachedthat Americans,with one oftheir divisions as nucleus,shall buildup American sector in Woevreregionnorth ofToul; other divi-sionsastheybecomeavailabletobeplacedinlineonrightandleft of nucleus division,and French to turn over command of army sector whenfourAmericandivisionsareinline. Mar 25, success of German offensive, in progress since Mar 21, leads GenPershingtopostponeplansforformingAmericanarmy.At Compiegne(Oise),he offerstoGenPetain fulluse of American troops in France forthis emergency.Mar 26,at meeting of allied command-ers, heldat Doullens(Somme),Gen Foch isdesignated as coordinator ofalliedoperationsontheWesternFront.Mar28,offerofMar25 repeatedbyGenPershingtoGenFochatClermont(Oise),andac-17 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS cepted.MilitaryrepresentativesofSupremeWarCouncil(Gen Bliss,Americanmember)adoptJointNoteNo18,recommending temporarysuspensionofexistingtransportationschedulefromthe United States, and substitution of complete priorities for infantry and machine-gununits.Mar30,PresidentWilsonapprovesthisplan, withmodifications,retaining,throughGenPershing,controlover suchunits. Apr 3,Gen Foch announced as Allied C-in-C on the Western Front. Supreme War Council,alliedcommanders, and premiers, in session at Beauvais(Oise)adopt resolutionwhichformallyrecognizespotential existenceofanAmericanarmyinFrance.Apr24,atmeetingin LondonbetweenGenPershingandBritishauthoritiestheJan30 agreement giving transportationpriority to infantry and machine-gun unitsisbroadenedtoincludeengineerandsignaltroops,alsohead-quarters for divisions and brigades, thereby enabling AEF to complete divisionsforfutureemployment under AmericanC-in-C. May1-2,alliedcommandersandSupremeWarCouncilmeetat Abbeville(Somme).Newpriorityscheduleadopted.Contingent uponBritishtransportingtoFrancestatedminimumsofAmerican troops monthly, preference in transport is given infantry and machine-gununitsofsixdivisionstobetrainedwithFrenchandBritish armies.These units remain subject torecall by American C-in-C for usein forminganAmericanarmywhich it isagreedshallbeformed under its own commander and flagat an early date.Excess shipping isto carry such other troops as Gen Pershing may designate.May 7, MajGenEben Swift,as ChiefofAmericanMilitary MissiontoItaly (establishedMar1918nearItalianGHQatPadua),commandsall AmericantroopsinItaly.May19,GensPershingandPetain,at Chantilly,take stepstoput intoeffectAbbevilleAgreement(May1 above)astoearlyformationofAmericanarmy.May23,GenPer-shingnotifiesFrenchthatheintends,beforeJune20th,toextend sectorheldby26thDivandreplacethatdivisionbytheAmerican ICorpswiththe3dand5thDivisionsinline.May27,Germans resumetheiroffensiveagain interruptingplanforformingAmerican army.GenPershing,May30,releasestoGenPetainthe2dand 3d Divisions,whichassistthe FrencharmiesintheMarneregion in stoppingtheGerman advance. June1-2, SupremeWarCounciland allied commanders, in session atVersailles,agreetofurtherrevisionofpriorityschedule.On assumptionthat 250,000menwillbetransportedeachmonthduring JuneandJuly,anabsolutepriority isgiven,duringJune,to170,000 18 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS combatanttroops,then25,400railwaytroops;duringJuly,to 140,000combatanttroops.GenPershingistodesignateclassof troopsbeyondpriorities.(Thisagreementendstheextendedseries ofconferencesregardingtroopshipmentsfromtheUnitedStates. Inthreemonths,MaytoJuly,twenty-oneAmericandivisionsare transportedtoFrance,inallmorethan829,000soldiers.)June3, decisionismadetotransferAmericandivisions,traininginBritish areas,tothe French fieldofoperations;movement of fivesuch divi-sionsbegins June 6. June6,agreementreachedwithGeilPetain forimmediateforma-tionofAmericancorpssectorinMarneregion.June13,ICorps hq ordered toMarne region.June 21,ICorps hq opens at La Ferte-sous-Jouarre(Seine-et-Marne),andassumesadministrativecontrol overallAmericandivisionsinMarneregion.June23,Frenchpro-posal,callingforeightyAmericandivisionsinFranceby April1919, onehundredby July1919,acceptedbyC-in-C. July4,AmericanICorpsassumescommandofsectoronMarne front.Lt Col HughA.Drum selected asChief ofStaff forAmerican FirstArmyanddirectedtocommenceorganizationofthatarmyin Marne region.July14,OperationsSection,GHQ,recommendsdefi-nite action regarding selection of permanent battle sector for American Army,urging Lorraine but suggesting adoption of any selection made by Marshal Foch.July 21,agreement with Gen Petain for formation of AmericanFirst Army in Marne regionunder personal command of GenPershing;anotherAmericansectortobeformedlaterbetween NomenyandSt-Mihiel,inLorraine.July25,Americanmilitary expeditionleavesFranceforItaly.July26,MarshalFochaccepts "inprinciple"theGHQplanforconcentratingAmericandivisions, notusedinformingFirstArmy,inSt-Mihielregion.July30,Gen Pershing designates AEF troops to comprise "Murmansk Expedition" toNorth Russia. Aug4,AmericanIII CorpstakesoversectoradjacenttoICorps, onVeslefront.Aug9,in conferenceat Sarcus(Oise),GenPershing agreeswith Marshal Fochtoabandonplan of formingFirst Army on theMarneandreverttooriginalplanofformingitinSt-Mihiel region.Aug10,GenPershingformallyassumescommandofthe FirstArmyandimmediatelythereafterordersittransferredtoSt-Mihieltheatre,itshqmovingAug11-16.Aug27,theAmerican "MurmanskExpedition"organizedfromunitsof85thDivleaves EnglandtojointhealliedforcesoperatinginNorthRussia.(See AEF,NorthRussia.)Aug30,FirstArmyassumestacticalcom-19 GeneralHeadquarters,AEII' RECORDOFEVENTS mandonfront,relievingFrencharmiesinthesectorfromPort-sur-Seille(Meurtheet Moselle)toWatronville(Meuse)asinitialstepin St-Mihiel operation. Sept 22,the frontofthe First Army isextendedby relief ofthe Fr SecondArmy,betweentheMeuseRiverandtheArgonneForest,in preparation forthe Meuse-ArgonneOperation. Oct 12,the AmericanSecondArmytakes itsplacebesidethe First Army,relievinglatter ofcommandoffrontbetweenPort-sur-Seille andFresnes-en-Woevre(Meuse),andcontinuing in line onthis front untilafter thearmistice. Nov11,the armistice line of the American armies extends generally northwestfromPont-a-MoussontoSedan(Ardennes).(SeeRecord ofEvents-FirstandSecondArmies.)Nov17,AmericanThird Army,createdNov7,marchesacrossarmisticeline,passesthrough the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, reaches the German border Nov 23, andcrosses,Dec1,intoGermany,where,ascomponent oftheallied armiesofoccupation,it occupiespart oftheCoblenzbridgeheadand thedistrictofTrier(RegierungsbezirkofTrier),withitsreserves locatedbetweentheriversMoselleandMeuse,andtheLuxemburg frontier.(SeeRecordof Events-Third Army.) 1919 Mar 17-Apr 1,the 167th and168th C0STransportation Corps(the "Murmansk Contingent") leave England forNorth Russia topartici-pfLtein operations there.(See Record of Events, AEF North Russia.) July3,ThirdArmydiscontinued,itshqandunitsofAmerican army of occupation redesignated AmericanForces in Germany.(See Recordof Events- AF inG.) PRINCIPALORGANIZATIONACTIVITIES 1917 May28-June13,thestaffstudiesorganizationsystemsofAllies, while en route from United States to Paris, seeking proper organization forAEF. June21,St-N azaire(Loire-Inferieure)isestablishedasthefirstof seventeenprincipalportsthroughwhichtheAEFoperates.June 26,firstlargecontingentofAmericansoldiersarrivesinFrance,the initial convoy ofthe First Expeditionary Div, numbering 346officers, 11,607men.TheQuartermasterCorpsopensitsfirstAEFdepot atSt-N azaire. 20 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS July 4,an AdvanceSection,LofC,underthe C-in-C,established. AtthearmisticethisSection,undertheSOS,numbers4924officers, 101,271enlisted,and1728nurses.(SeeSOSrecord.)July5, CommandingGeneraldesignatedforLineofCommunications,with territorialcommand,directingsupply,sanitation,andtelegraph facilitiesandallconstruction in L of C.[Geographical limits defined Aug13,Sept17,andDec14,1917.Jan13,1918,hqLofCtrans-ferredfromParistoTours(Indre-et-Loire).Feb16,theLofCis reorganizedasServiceoftheRear(SOR),andonMar13,redesig-natedServicesofSupply(SOS).Nov11,1918,SOSstrength: 662,312.(SeeSOSrecord.)] July11,GenPershingapprovesGeneralOrganizationProject whichprovidesforanarmyhq,armyandcorpstroops,combat, depot, and replacement divisions; in all, a minimum force of 1,000,000. Fivecorpsaretobeorganizedeachtocomprise187,000men;each corps to have six divisions-four combat, one replacement and school, andoneabaseandtrainingdivision.Corpsbaseandtraining divisionreceives,classifies,andgivespreliminarytrainingtotroops arriving fromUnited States.Corps replacementand schooldivision receivesreplacementsfrombasedivisions,continuestheirtraining and forwards them to com bat divisions, providing alsotroops for corps schools.Partoftheartilleryandauxiliariesofreplacementand training divisionsbecomecorpsandarmytroops.(N ote:This basic plandevelopedtheAEFintoaforceofnearly2,000,000.) Aug5,GHQforwardstoWarDepartmentprojectforengineer serviceoftherear,includingrailways. Aug12, Signal Corpsfunctions defined.Included in this organiza-tionareafieldsignalbattalion operating witheacharmy,corps,and division;atelegraphbattalionforeachcorps,twoforanarmy;a radio section foreach army,an AEF meteorologicalsectionoperating 33forecastingstations;non-tacticalpersonneldividedintosixteen servicecompanies;apigeoncompany;andaParisphotographic laboratorywithfielddetachmentsassignedtoarmies,corps,and divisions. Aug13,IntermediateSection,basesections,ServiceofMilitary Railways,createdbyterritorialorganizationofLofC.(SeeSOS.) Aug20,aGeneralPurchasingBoardisestablishedheadedbythe GeneralPurchasingAgent,andwithadditionalrepresentativesfrom theQuartermaster,Medical,Engineer,Aviation,Signal,Ordnance, Gas and Motor Transport Services,and from the United States Navy. TheGeneralPurchasingAgentrepresentstheC-in-Cinliaisonwith 21 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS various allied governments and purchasing agents in matters involving economicandothermattersofsupplyandlabor.Branchoffices outsideofFranceinGreatBritain,Spain,Portugal,Italy,and Switzerland,throughwhichpassallpurchasesmadebytheAEF. Aug27,Corpsorganizationchanged;corpstroopstobeprovided ineachgroupoffourcombatdivisionsandarmytroopsforeach groupoftwenty. Aug28,AviationOfficer,AEF,andthecorrespondingofficerin zoneofadvance,areplacedunderaChiefAviationOfficer,AEF (ColWilliamL.Kenly).Sept4,separateairservicecommanders providedforinZoneofAdvance,andinLineofCommunication. Winter1917-1918:aviation schoolsopenat Issoudun(Indre),Tours, and Clermont-Ferrand(Puy-de-Dome); program initiatedthat brings morethan25,000AmericanaviationmechanicstoEngland,addi-tionalnumbertoFrance.AirProductionCenteropensatRomor-antin(Loir-et-Cher);constructionbeginsonFirstAirDepot, Colombey-Ies-Belles(Meurthe-et-Moselle).Dec12,reorganization. Jan15,1918,ajointarmyandnavyaircraftcommitteeorganized. Feb 16, Air Service hq moves from Chaumont to Tours.May 29,Air ServiceseparatedfromSignalCorps,newChiefofAirService appointed;furtherreorganizationeffected.Aug17,AirService programcallsfor202squadrons,133ballooncompaniesbyJuly 1919.HqmovesbacktoChaumontaboutmiddleofOct,1918. Branch officesareat Tours,Paris,London,andRome;anAmerican flying service is operating in Italy.Oct 14, Brig Gen William Mitchell appointedChiefofAirService,ArmyGroup,relinquishinglesser First Army command,Oct 2l. Sept 3,Gas Service,AEF, established. Sept 8,SchoolProject forAEFapproved.Provides forestablish-ment ofarmyandcorpscentersof instruction,theorganizationofa General Staff College, and a system of trooptraining within divisions. GHQretainsdirection.[Note:TheArmySchoolswereestablished Oct 10,1917,at Langres(Hauw-Marne) andthefullprojeot was op-eratingbeforeend of1917.J Sept 14, Transportation Service, AEF, created as a separate service, underaDirectorGeneral,withmissiontoconstruct,operate,and maintainallAmerican-controlledrailwaysandcanals;also,inaddi-tion,toconstructandmaintainroads,wharves,shops,andother buildings forrailwaypurposes.[Note:BeginningFeb16,1918the Transportation Service ispart ofthe Service ofthe Rear;on Mar 12, 22 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS 1918it is asectionofthe newly created Service of Utilitiesoperating under Services of Supply;and on July 11,1918again operatesunder theSOSasaseparateservice.BeginningDec8,1917theArmy Transport Service functionsunder Transportation Service.Strength ofTransportationServiceNov11,1918:1810officers,46,986en-listed men.] Sept 18,1917 Remount Service, AEF, to be under QMC, authorized. (ReorganizedJuly26,1918;VeterinarianServiceplacedunderit, but removed Aug 24,1918,to Chief Surgeon, AEF.)Sorvice ofRear Project, AEF,approved.Provides minimum of329,652men foruse inaviation,engineer,signal,medical,ordnanceandquartermaster sections,tosupplementGeneralOrganizationProjectofJuly11. Oct 2,MajGenPeytonC.Marchappointedcommanderofarmy artilleryand ischargedwith supervisorycontroloftheorganization, trainingandequipmentofsuchofthedivisionalandcorpsartillery unitsasaredetachedfromtheirrespectivedivisionsandcorps.At his hq, Le Valdahon(Doubs), action is initiated which secures artillery trainingareasatLibourne(Gironde),Limoges(Haute-Vienne), Clermont-Ferrand(Puy-de-Dome) ,Angers(Maine-et-Loire),Coet-quidan(Morbihan),Souge(Gironde),Meucon(Morbihan),La Courtine(Creuse),andLeValdahon.Feb26,1918,ArmyArty, FirstArmy,isestablishedat Bar-sur-AubeundercommandofBrig Gen Ernest Hinds.Apr3,1918,"Anti-Aircraft Service AEF"estab-lishedat Hq Army Arty, andundertheordersofthe Army Artillery Commander.Apr29,1918,reorganizationofartilleryprovides chiefsofartilleryforAEF,armies,andcorps.May27,1918,office ofChiefofArtillery,AEF,opensatChaumont.During1918five largecentersfortrainingtractor-drawnartillery,andanotherfor railway artillery, are established in France; atrench artillery center is organizedatVitrey-Vernois(Haute-Saone). Oct10,1917,anti-aircraftandtrench-mortarschools,underBrig Gen James A.Shipton, areestablishedat Langres. Oct18,1917ArmyTransport Serviceestablished.It controlsall AEFportoperations;combinedwithTransportationServiceDec 18, 1917.Employs800officers,20,000enlisted men,2,509civilians, and 900Germanprisoners. Nov 16,1917 reclassification forRegular Armyofficers inaugurated in AEF; broadened Mar 25,1918, to include NationalGuard, National Army,andReserves;andlaterextendedtostudentsandtemporary officers. 23 GeneralHeadquarters,AEP RECORDOFEVENTS Dec5,1917OrdnanceMission,AEF,arrivesEnglandtoestablish branch foractivitiesthere.[Note:Most AEF ordnance wasbought inEurope,FranceandEnglandsupplyingnearlyalltheartillery, ammunitionforsame,trenchwarfaremateriel,auxiliaryapparatus.] Dec 8,1917Motor Transport Service, AEF, established as separate service,underdirectionQMC.It ischargedwithsupplyofmotor vehicles,parts,tools,accessories,gasoline,andlubricants,andin additionmaintainstechnicalserviceofoperationofmotortranspor-tation,air corpsexcluded;onFeb16,1918,it joinsServiceofUtili-ties;May11,1918,permanentpersonnelisassignedtoit;July11, 1918madeseparate serviceagainunder SOS;itsarmisticestrength: 1,135officers,26,957enlisted. Dec16,1917initialcorpsschoolorganizedunderSchoolProject. II CorpsSchoolorganizedJan23,1918,at Chatillon-sur-Seine. 1918 Jan7,WarRiskSection,AEF,created,chargedwithWarRisk Insuranceadministration inthe AEF.Officesestablished inLondon andRome.Jan11,"Coordination and SupplySectionofan Army" organized,thegenesisoftheorganizationsthatlaterdirected Amer-icansupplyinoperations.Jan15,thefirstofnineAmerican army corpsisauthorized,actualoperationbeginningJan20.[Seecorps records.]Jan18,inordertodistributearrivingcasualofficersto AEF organizations,aCasualOfficersDepot isopenedat Blois(Loir-et-Cher).Jan20,ForestryDistrictestablishedbyAEFatEpinal (Vosges).Jan21,AEFlaundrysystemestablishedinzoneof advance.Jan22,Anglo-AmericanAgreementsignedbyUnited Statesfortheprocurementoflargetanksforcombat. Feb8,"StarsandStripes,"anAEFnewspaper,authorized.Feb 13,LiaisonService,AEF,establishedbyGHQ.Feb14,aBoardof Contracts and Adjustments isestablished inthe OfficeoftheGeneral PurchasingAgenttopreparecontractsandagreementsbetween differentdepartmentsofthe AEF andcorresponding departmentsof theFrenchorBritishGovernments.Feb16,establishmentofa ServiceofUtilitiestoincludeTransportationDepartment,Motor TransportService,ForestryService;coordinationbytheChiefof UtilitiesundertheCommandingGeneral,SOS.[Note:Serviceof UtilitiesdissolvedJUly11,1918.]Feb '18,GHQsendsprojectfor organizingTankCorpsinAEFtoWarDepartmentwhichapproves itMar22.[Note:InMar,tank-trainingcentersareorganized: lighttanksatBourg(Cher)andheavytanksatCampBovington, 24 GeneralHeadquarters,AEi' RECORDOFEVENTS Wool, England-wheredetachmentof65thEngrstrains.Personnel for Tank Corps isdrawn fromAEF at large and equipment issecured fromtheBritishandFrench.DuringAmericanoperations,French loantankregiment;andAmericantankunitsusemostlyforeign equipment.] Mar13,EffectsDepot,underQMCdirection,establishedatSt-Nazaire.Mar26,reorganizationofAEFreplacementsyc;tem. [Note:July8,1918,the41stand83dDivsweredesignateddepot divisionsandreplacementbattalionsforcorpswereorganized. Later,inOct1918,RegionalReplacementDepotswereestablished forFirstandSecondArmies.][SeeRecordofEvents,40th,41st, and83dDivs.] Mar30,1918,Renting,Requisition,andClaimsService,AEF, establishedunderdirectionSOS.Itprovidesbilletingareasand supervisesbilleting;ischargedwithrenting,leasing,andrequisition-ingalllandsandbuildingsrequiredbyAEF.[Note:InJan1919 itsactivitieswereextendedfromFrancetotheGrandDuchyof Luxemburg,andinApr1919toHolland,GreatBritain,Italy,and Alsace-Lorraine.At its height it employed561officers,1400 enlisted men, 45fieldclerksand 55civilians.] Apr3,1918,unitstoconstituteRailwayArtilleryReserve,First Army(laterdesignatedRailwayArtilleryReserve,AEF-Oct10, 1918) announced; Brig GenFrank W. Coedesignatedits commander. The Anti-Aircraft Service,AEF, isestablishedat Hq Army Artillery, First Army,under ordersofthe ArmyArtilleryCommander. May1,aChaplain'sOfficeisestablishedatGHQtocoordinate religiousworkinthearmythroughouttheAEF;abranchofficeof theJudgeAdvocateGeneraloftheArmyorderedestablishedin AEF .underdirectionofBrigGenEdwardA.Kreger,ActingJudge AdvocateGeneralforAEF inEuropetoact onAEFcasesrequiring WarDepartmentaction.May9,MilitaryPostalExpressService createdforhandlingofficialandpersonalmailforAEF,eventually operating,underAdjutantGeneral,AEF,169fieldandmobilepost officesandarailwaymailservice. June1,aGeneralTrainingSchoolisestablishedatSt-Aignan-Noyers(Cher)and Ammunition Schools at Jonchery(Haute-Marne). June 6,medical administration in the AEF isreorganized:aDirector ofProfessionalServices,AEF,aChiefConsultant,SurgicalServices, AEF, and aChief Consultant, Medical Services, AEF, are designated. June 20,Col Charles G.Dawes is designated American member of the new Military Board ofAlliedSupply.June 28,aChemical Warfare 25 GeneralHeadquarters,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS Service,AEF,iscreatedfromtheGasService(seeSept3,1917) initiatingbroadexpansionofthisservice.July13,1918FirstGas Regt created from30th Engrs. July1,1918aPrisoners of War Information Bureau isestablished; alsoanAircraftArmamentSchoolatSt-Jean-de-Monts(Vendee). TractorschoolopensatAngers.July4,FirstArmyorganization beginswithselectionofitsChiefofStaff;completedAug10,1918. July11,ServiceofUtilitiesdissolvedanditsconstruction,forestry, lightrailwaysandroadssections,placedunderengineers.July25, AmericanmilitaryexpeditiontoItalyorganized,departsforItaly.! July 30,GenPershingselectsunitstocomprise"MurmanskExpedi-tion"toNorth Russia.2 Aug5,AEFrecruitinginEnglandauthorized.Aug22,Army Service Corps established.Furnishes detachments for various special services,AEF.[Note:Mar20,1919,itemployed1170officers, 25,953enlisted.] Sept 9,Second Army organization begins with selection of its Chief ofStaff;completedOct12,1918. Oct 4,Salvage Service, under QMC direction,established.Oct 15, MilitaryPoliceCorpsorderedorganizedtoincludeProvostMarshal General'sDepartment,AEF,militarypoliceorganizationsinAEF, andadditionalpersonnel;andonNov9,isfurtherreorganized. [Nov24,theMPEnisattachedtoGHQwithhqatChaumont.] Oct28,schoolforchaplainsestablished,LeMans(Sarthe). Nov7,ThirdArmyorganized.Nov8,GHQdirectsSOSto establishFinanceBureau,AEF;beginningNov17,1918,it operates atTours. Nov21,OfficerinChargeofAmericanCivilAdministrationof OccupiedTerritoryisdesignatedandanorganizationextendinginto armies,corps,anddivisions,developsforhandlingmattersofthis Dature. Dec30,FirstReplacementDepotestablishedSt-Aignan-Noyers. 1919 Jan3,AmericanEmbarkationCenterestablishedatLeMans. Jan15,RegionalReplacementDepotsareestablishedatChelles (Seine-et-Marne),Toul,andRevigny(Meuse).Jan19,WarDam-ageBoard established toevaluate damages causedbyAEF in France; 1SeeRecordof events,83dDiv inVolume onDivisions. ISee AEF. Nortb Russia,page330. 26 General Headquarters.AEF RECORDOFEVENTS jurisdictionextendedFeb1toSerbia,Rumania,Greece,Italy, GreatBritain,andBelgium. Feb12,PresidentWilsonordersorganizationof"Murmansk Contingent"ofrailwaytroopsfordutyinNorthRussia.Feb22, CombatOfficers'DepotestablishedatGondrecourt(Meuse). Mar5,recruitingauthorizedthroughoutAEFunderdirectionof SOSafter May 30,1919. May 27,ProvostMarshalGeneral'sOffice,AEF,reorganized. July3,AmericanForcesinGermanycreatedtoreplaceThird Army. Aug22,Hq.AmericanForces inFrance createdto functionbegin-ning Sept 1,inplaceofGHQ. SERVICESOFSUPPLY [Designatec."LineofOommunications",July 5,1917toFebruary15.1918.Designated"Serviceofthe Rear",February 16,1918to March 12,1918j COMMANDANDSTAFF ComnlandcrsAssistant ChIefs of Staff G-3 19171918 July5001DavidS.Stanley(Ad interim) Feb19001Edwin B.Winans July25Brig Oen RichardM.Blatchford Mar30Lt Col John W.Wright Aug31MajOen RichardM.Blatchford to Nov2Brig Oen Mason M. Patrick (Ad interim) July12 Nov28MajOenFrancis 1.Kernan Assistant Chiefs of Stall' G-4 1918 1918 Feh17Col Henry C.Smither July29MajOen JamesO.Harbord 1919 1919 Feb23001JamesO.Rhea May27Brig OenWilliam D.Oonnor Aug15001Van L.Wills to to Aug31 Aug31 Adjutants General Chiefs of Starr 1917 1917July251st Lt WilliamA.Rafferty(Acttni) July28Capt JohnP. McAdams(Acting)Aug28ColOrrinR.WoHe Aug27ColWilliam C.Langfitt Nov30ColFrank A.Wilcox Aug31BrigOenWilliam C.Langfitt Sept28Maj John P. McAdams1918 Dec2Col JohnsonHagoodFeb10MajClifford U.Leonori(Acting) Feb14ColLouisH.Bash 1918 Apr20BrigOenJohnsonHagood 1919 Nov13Brig Oen WilliamD.Connor July27Col HarrisonHall to 1919 Aug31 May27BrigOen Hugh A.Drum Judge Adl'ocatel!l June19Brig Oen Ewing E.Booth 1917 to SeptIMaj Hugh A.Bayne Aug31 Oct25LtColWilleyHowell Assis tan tChief of Staff Dec26Mal Hugh A.Bayne(Acting) 1917 1918 Aug27Capt JohnP.McAdams Feb26Col John A.Hull Sept20MajJohnP.McAdams Nov27ColBlanton Winship Sept28Vacancy to Dec2Maj JohnP.McAdams Aug31, to 1919 Feb15, InspectorsGeneral 1918 1917 DeputyChief oCStaff Nov2ColHenry L.Kinnison(Acting) 1918Nov30Col RobertAlexander(Acting) Feb16Maj JohnP.McAdams Jnly12Lt Col JohnP.McAdams1918 Sept12Col John P.McAdamsFeb2Col John S.Winn toFeb9BrigOen John S.Winn July10,Sept10BrigOenThomasQ.Donaldson 1919 Assistant ChleC. of Stall' G-l 1919 1918 June17001John H.Hughes(Acting) Feb23Lt 001Alvin B.Barber June28001JohnH.Hughes May13ColAlvinB.Barber Jnly27LtColPhilip J.Lan ber(Acting) Jnne4ColCharlesW.Kutz Jnly31Col Walter L.Reed Jnly12BrigOenCharlesW.Kntz to Jnly23Col JamesB.Cavanangh Ang31 Chief Quartennastera 1919 1917 Jan14BrigOenEwing E.Booth July5001David S.Stanley June19Col Harry H.Tebbetts Dec14Col J obn M.Carson to 1918 Aug31 Mar11Brig Oen Harry L.Rogers Assistant Chiefs of StalT G-2 Aug28MalOenHarry L.Rogers 1918 Feb16ColJohnC.Gilmore,Jr.1919 Mar10MajC ~ h o tWardJan22Brig Oen JohnM.Carson(Actil1llJ Aug9Lt ColCabot WardApr10Col John T.Knight(Acting) toApr12Col Jobn T.Knigbt June7,to 1919Aug31 (27) 28 HqServicesofSupply,AEF COMMANDANDSTAFF-Continued Chief SurgeonsProvostMarshalsGeneral 19171917 July18ColFrancis A.WinterSept1BrigGen William H.Allaire 19181918 Feb17Col JeffersonR.KeanJan21ColErnestL.Isbell Mar21BrigOenAliredE.BradleyMar6BrigGenWilliamH.Allaire May1ColMerritt. W.IrelandJune29LtCol JobnC.Groome(Acting) May20BrigGen\1 erritte W,IrelandSept25BrigGenHarry H.Bandbolt. Aug25MajGenMerrltteW.Irelandto Oot10ColWater D.McCawAug~ 1919 1919GeneralPurchasing Agent Mar8Brig Gen Walter D.McCaw1918 July16ColClarence J.Manly(Acting)Feb19ColCbarlesG.Dawes July24ColClarence J.ManlyOct15Brig GenCbarlesG.Dawel toto Aug31June30 Chief Ordnance Officers1919 1917 Aug21Lt ColClarenceC.WilliamsChiefs of ChemicalWarfare Se"lce Oct8B r l ~GenClarenceC.Williams1917 Oct24Lt01IIarryB.JordanNov22MajRobert W.Crawford 19181918 Mar18Brig OenClarenceC.WilliamsJan26CaptCharlesL.Joly Apr5ColHarryB.Jordan(Acting)Feb17ColAmosA.Frias May6BrigOenCbarlesB.WbeelerAug26BrigOenAmos A.Fries Oct9BrigGen John H.RiceNov29ColEdward N.Jobnston(Acting) to 1919July5 Aug13Col Edwin D.Bricker1919 to Aug31 Chief Engineer Officers Directors General of TransportatloD 19171918 Aug14Lt ColCharles W.KutzFeb17Brig Gen William W.Atterbury Aug26ColCharlesII.McKinstry Aug31BrigGenCharlesH.McKinstry1919 Sept17BrigGenMasonM.PatrickMay16BrigGenFrankR.McCoy Aug4Brig GenSherwoodA.Cheney 1918to Mar19B r l ~GenHarry TaylorAug31 July11MalOen William C.LangfittDlrecto....Motor Transport CorpS 1918 1919Mar25ColFrancis H.Pope. July16Col Thomas H. JacksonJuly9ColMeriwetherL.Walker toJuly12Brig O.n Meriwether L. Walker Aug31 Chief SillnalOfficera1919 1917Aug13ColEdgar S.Stayer Aug21ColEdgar Russelto Sept11st Lt J osepbB.L.Hickerson(Acting)Aug31 Oct6ColCharles S.WallaceAssistantDirector of Ran way. 1917 1918Aug8Mal William I. Wilgus Mar19Brig GenEdgar Russelto 1919 Sept13 July11ColRoy H.Coles(Acting)Director of OYerseasTransportatiOD July24Col Roy H.Coles1917 toAug25Capt AsherC.Baker, U.S.N. Aug31to Chiefs of AirServiceSept13 1917 Chief of ULilltI"" Aug20Mal Edgar S.Gorrell1918 Dec8Lt ColEdgar S.GorrellMar18MalGen William C.Langfitt to 1918July10 Jan17ColClarenceR.Day Feb19BrigOenBenjaminD.FoulolsDlrectortlConstruction and Forestry May29BrigOenMasonM.Patrick July11MajGen Mason M.Patrick1918 Mar19Brig GenMasonM.Patrick 1919May19Brig Gen Edgar Jadwin July9ColAubrey Lippincott(Acting)to toJuly7 Aug31 1919 29 HqServicesorSupply.AEF COMMANDANDSTAFF-Continned Dlrec lor. L1l1h tRail ways (Whiledeslgnat.d"DIvision01LIghtRailways and Roads") 1918 Mar19 May19 July27 Nov21 to nec20 Brig OenEdgar Jadwin ColHerbert Deakyne BrigOenCharlesII.McKinstry ColEdward M. Markham(Acting) (Designated as"Division 01Light Railways") 1Q18 Dec21ColEdwardM.Markham(Acting) Dec27ColAlbert T.PerkIns(Acting) 1919 Jan25ColAlbert T.Perkins to Feb20 DirectorsMilitaryEnglneerlnllandEnllineer Supplies 1918 July11BrigOenHarry Taylor Sept11ColFrankC.Boggs(Acting) Oct16BrigOen JamesF. Mcindoe 10 Jan27 1919 1918 Chier. War RI.k SectieR Jan7Mal WillardD.Straight Feb16Mal Henry D.Lindsley Sept28ColHenryD.Lindsley Nov11LtColRichardO.Cholmeley-Jones (Acting) 1919 Jan20MalOeorge V.TrIplett, lr. to May19 Directors Renllng.Requisition andClaims Senlce 1918 Apr22ColJohn A.Hull Nov27ColBlanton Winship to Aug31 1919 Director. ArmySenlce CorpS 1918 Aug14Col Douglas Settle 1919 June2Lt ColFrank E.Estill to Aug31 Hesdquarter. Commandant. 1918 Mar11ColWilliamA.Burnside May13LIColLynnS.Edwards June28ColLynn S.Edwards Oct26ColGeorgeVanOrden (USMC) 1919 July19ColPaulGiddIngs to Aug31 General Sales Agent 1919 Jan1BrIgOenCharlesR.Krautho1f to Aug31 30 HqServicesofSupply,AEF COMPOSITION HEADQUARTERSSOS ArmyServiceCorps:22PrisonersofWarEscortcos;2admlaborcos;laborbureaudet;centralPW en' closure; miscellaneous dets. Engr.: dets of 2 regIs and 4 bns, including forestry, railway, and service troops. Inf: 1 co 1st Army Hq Regt; 4 cos. Marine.: hqco. Medical:1 basehasp;1baselaboratory;1camp hasp;Iconvalescentcamp haspcenter;1baspcenter;36 hasp tns. Motor Transport Corps: motor truck transportation hq; 1 machine sbop truck unit; 1 motor car co;1 motor-cycle co;1 motor sup tn truck co. Quartermaster:1 salvagedepot;bakery co;2 butcherycos;1 conservation andreclamation servicedepot; 2 gravesunits; 2lahor co':';51al1ndry cos; 3 mobile laundry cos; 3 pack tns. Signal Corps: 1 service co;1 telegraph bn; 2 phone operators units. l\1iscellaneous:]militarypoliceco;troopmovementhureau;bqlaboratoryphotosecandaphotosec; 2dAviation Instruction Center; hq offices of stalI; technical and supply sec Lions of 80S. SOSSTRENGTH-NOVEMBER11,1918 OfficersMenNurses Advance Section _____________________________________ _ 4,924101,2711,728 Intermediate Section _________________________________ _ 6,365117,2141,938 Paris _________________________________________________ _ 1,93G17,639584 Base SectionNoL ___________________________________ _ 4,62893,119502 Base SectlonNo.2 ___________________________________ _ 3,80100,301671 Base SectionNo.3 _____________________ _ I, b0527,580 ------------Base SectionNo.L________________________________ _ 2193,944 ------------BaseSectlonNo.5 ______________________________ _ 71815,211 ------------BaseSectionNo.6 ___________________ _ 3808,870 BaseSectionNo.7. _________________ _ 37511,559 ------------Headquarters, SOS ___________________ _ 2,37916,544134 Base SectionNo.8, officersand men _________________ _ ------------------------ ------------Depot divisions inSOS _______________________________ _ 3,02994,88G29 Casual officers'depo!. _______________________________ _ 3344,772 ------------'l'otaL _________________________________________ _ 30,593602,910 I 5,586 Total 107,923 125,517 20,159 08,249 94,773 29,085 4,163 15,929 9,250 11,934 19,057 5,451 97,944 5,106 644,540 THESERVICESOFSUPPLY,AEF STATEMENTREGARDINGSOSORGANIZATION TheFieldServiceRegulations,UnitedStatesArmy,formedthe basisfortheoriginalorganizationoftheServicesofSupply,AEF. They providethat aLineofCommunications shallbeestablished for eachimportantforceabouttoengageinfieldoperationsinvolving movement from abase, and that the mission of the Line of Communi-cationsistorelievethecombatantforcesfromeveryconsideration exceptthatofdefeatingtheenemy.TheLineofCommunications, AEF,throughaseriesofreorganizationsshowninaccompanying chartsandotherdata,graduallyexpandedintotheAEF'ssupply armywhichwasdesignatedMarch13,1918,theServicesofSupply. GeographicallytheSOSincludedallofFranceandGreatBritain. Foradministrativepurposesthisterritorywasdividedintoseven Base Sections,an Intermediate Section,an Advance Section,and two independent districts ofParisand Tours.Late in Oct1918anaddi-tionalbasesectionwasorganizedtoadministerAmericantroopsin Italy,andin1919abasesectionwasestablishedtomeettheneeds oftheAmericanArmyofOccupationontheRhine,Hollandand Belgiumbeingincludedinitsarea.Theprincipalfactsregarding theseSectionsappearhereafterassubdivisionsofthisSOSrecord. AtTourswasmaintainedtheHqoftheSOS,includingtheCom-mandingGeneral,hisgeneralstaff,andthechiefsofallthetech-nicalandsupplydepartmentswiththeiradministrativestaffs. Thedifferentsectionswereforthe most part commandedby general officers,eachofwhom,withhisadministrativestaff,exercisedabso-lutecontrolovermattersofdiscipline,policing,andsanitationand wasresponsibletotheCommandingGeneral,SOS,fortheactivities carriedonwithinhissection. TheDistrictofParisandtheArrondissementofTourswere exempted fromthecontrolofthe Commanding GeneraloftheInter-mediateSectioninwhichtheylay,andfellunderdirectcontrolof Hq SOS. TheorganizationoftheSOScomprisedsuchvastenterprises, giving risetosomany decisions,enunciationsof policy and problems ofcoordination,that it wasimpossiblefortheCommandingGeneral himselftopassuponallmattersthatrequiredattention.Forthis reasonitwasnecessarytodelegateaconsiderableportionofhis executiveauthoritytohisgeneralstaffofficers.Toexercisethis (31) 32 HqServicesofSupply,AEF delegatedauthority,theGeneralStaffoftheCommu.ndingGeneral, SOS, was organized with three Assistant Chiefs of Staff, each of whom, undertheChiefofStaff,presidedoveroneofthethreesectionsof theGeneralStaff,designatedasG-I,G-2,andG-4.1 Ingeneral,G-Iexerciseddelegatedauthorityoverallmattersof organization,administration,andtheprocurementofpersonneland materialfromtheUnitedStatesandEurope;G-2controlledprob-lemsofintelligenceandcounter-espionage;G-4authorizedconstruc-tion,supervisedtransportation,and guaranteedtheflowofsupplies. Thefollowingchartsshowtheorganizationatdifferentperiods. IThisorganizationwasmodeleduponthatof theGeneralStaffatGHQ,exceptthattheG-3Section (Operations)wasabsorbedJuly 12,1918by G-4Section. ORGANIZATIONCHARTOFLINEOFCOMMUNICATIONS, AUGUST29,1917 (G01,L of C,1917;also FSR) COMMANDING GENERAL, L of C Aide-de-Camp Chief of Stat! ----A-ss-i-st-..-n-t-C-h-ie-f -Of-S-t-at!---,I-i ACof S inCharge of Baso Section No 1 ACof S inCharge of Base Section No 2 A0of8in Charge of Base SectionNo 3 ACofS inChargeof Intermediate Section -IAdjutant Administrative andTechnical Stat! ludge Advocate,Lof01-Quartermaster,Lof01-L-____s_ru_g_eo_n_,_L_o_f_o____L-____E_ng_i_ne_e_r,_L_of_o____L-_____Signa.!Offioor,Lof 01-L-_____AssistantDirector ofRailways1-Director Overseas Transportation (33) ORGANIZATIONCHARTOFSERVICESOFSUPPLY (UnderSecondCopyof GO31,issuedaboutMarch31,1918) COMMANDING GENERAL, SO S Aide-de-Camp IChiel 01Stat! r--D-e-p-u-tY-C-O-I-s---'I_i Secretary,GS AColS,G-l II AColS,G-2 II AC 01S,G-3 II AC 01S,G-4 -I AdjutantGeneral,S0SChief ofUtilities 1--I Transportation Dept -I Inspector General,S0S -I DeptConstr and Forestry -I Judge Advocate,S0S -I Dept LtRys and Roads -I ProvostMarshalGeneral -I Motor Trans Service -I W!IfRiskSection I Chief SignalOfficer I-I Chief Ordnance Officer 1--I Chief a! GasService 1 Chief EngineerOfficer 1--I GeneralPurchasing Agent 1 1-Chief Surgeon -I Chief of AirService I Chief Quartermaster 1-(34) ORGANIZATIONCHARTOFSERVICESOFSUPPLY, JULY12,1918 COMMANDINGGENERAL SERVICESOFSUPPLY Aide-de-Camp 1Chief of Staff Secretary,GeneralStaff AsstCof S,G-lAsstCof 8,G-2AsstC afS.G--4 -I Adjutant General,S08Chief Engineer -I Inspector General,S08 -I Dept Constr andForestry -I JudgeAdvocate,80S Div MilEngineering andEngr Supplies -I Provost Marshal General DeptLt Rys andRoads -I War RiskSection I Director,Motor TransportCorps -I Chemical Warfare Service I Chief SignalOfficer -I GeneralPurchasing Agent I Chief OrdnanceOfficer -I AsstChiefs of Air Service [ Chief Surgeon ti Supply-Tours I Chief Quartermaster I Personnel-Paris Director General of Transportation (35) 1-1-1-1-1-I-ORGANIZATIONCHART,HEADQUARTERS,SERVICESOF SUPPLY,NOVEMBER11,1918 COMMANDINGGENERAL, SOB Aides Ch!ef ofStaff Deputy Chief of Staff AssistsCofSandRctsassucbdurin, -1 Secretary 01GenStall: 1 his absence.Assignment of commissioned personnel. II A cor S,G-l ACo(S, G-2ACors, G-4 1.Ocean tonnage.1.Co un t e r -esp!onagein 1.Sup,construction,and Requisi tiODSonWar 80S. transportationin Department.2.Railway,steamship, France including IDea 3.Priority of oversea ship- barge,transport,and tlon of rys and supply ments. passport regulation and estahlishments. 4.Replacement 01losses incontrol. 2.Statisticsconcerning men.3. 01American above. 6.Organization and equ!p-ClviliansinFrance. 3.Hospitalization and evac ment 01SOStroops.4.Censorshipreportson 01sickandwounded. 6.OenPurchasingBoard.morale01troopsand 4.Movements oftroops. 7. civilians. 5.Asgmtofallnew80S 6.Contro!01c!vilianlabor unitsarrivingin 8.Disposition01casualofAEF. Fra.nce. officersand soldiers.6.Preventionofsabotage 6.Asgmtofalllaborand 9.Administrationofre-and.nemypropa-labortroops. placementandcasualganda. 7.Rmt andVetServices. officersdepots. 8.LaborBureau. 10.OrvnandAdmofleave 9.Salvage Service. sress. 10.GravesRegistration 11.ProvostMarshalServ-Serv!ce. ice. 11.GardenService. 12.WarR!skBureau. 12.Fireprotectionandse-13.RedCross,YMCA, and curityagainstenemy other similar agencies. air attacks. H.Questions of liaison with 13.Billets and billeting. alliedauthoritiesand 14.Milboardofalliedsup. services. 15.Alloperationsofthe 15.Data,graphics,and servicesofsuppiynot chartsof80Sactivi assignedtoothersec-ties. tlonsoftheOeneral 16.War diary. StatI. I Functions 01Procurement, Supply,Construction, Hospitalization, andCOillm unicatlon 1 -I Chief Quartermaster(CQM) 11 AdjutantOenerai(SOS) 1--I Chief Surgeon(CS) 11 InspectorGeneml(SOS) 1--I Chief OrdnanceOfficer(COO) 1 [ Judge Advocate(80S) 1--I A!r Service Supply andPersonnel 1 ProvostMarshal Department 1-

Chlel Chemical Warfare Ser.(CWS) 1 Army ServiceCorps 1--I Chief SignalOfficer(CSO) 1 War R!skBureau 1--I Dir Motor Transport Corps(MTC) 1 Ronting,Requisition,'"Claims Serv 1--I Ch!ef Engineer Officer(CEO) 1 GeneralPurcbasingAgent(G P A) 1-

Dir OenofTransportation(D OT) II HoadquartersCommandant (36) 37 HqServicesofSupply,AEF RECORDOFEVENTS THESERVICESOFSUPPLY 1917 THELINEOFCOMMUNICATIONS May 31,1917,whileen routetoEnglandontheSS"Baltic",Gen Pershingappointsaboardofofficersfromhisstafftoconsiderthe advantages and disadvantages of suchFrench ports aswouldbecome availableforpossiblebasesforthe AEF. June 12,"Board onPorts" leavesParisto inspect ports.June 16, MarshalJoffreforwardstoGenPershing aprogram forAmerican co-operation,preparedbytheFrenchGeneralStaff,whichrecommends that stepsshouldbetakentosendtoFranceattheearliestpossible moment,thepersonnelandmaterialneededinorganizingthebases andservices ofthe rear.June17,Chief of Staff cablesGenPershing toreportwithminimumdelayhisrequirementsandrecommenda-tionsforbases,lineofcommunications,camps,andtroopsneeded for their operation and maintenance.June 20,the "Board on Ports", havingvisitedNantes,St-N azaire(Loire-Inferieure),LaPallice (Charente-InUirieure),Bordeaux,LaRochelle,Bassens,Pauillac, andVerdon-sur-Mer(Gironde)submitsitsreport.Amongits recommendationsoneistotheeffectthat ageneralofficeroftheline ofthe Regular Army with acompetent staff besent without delayto Franceforthedutyofcommandingtheserviceoftherearofthe American forcestowhomallquestions relatingtothat servicecan be turnedoverforsettlementundersuchgeneralinstructionsasGen Pershingmayseefittogive.June21,St-Nazaireisdesignatedas BasePort No1byverbalordersoftheC-in-C;officesopenJune22 inGrandHotel.June26,firstordnancedepotcompanyandfirst motortransport organizationarrive inFrance. July1,GenPershing inacabletoWarDepartmentdesignatesas availableportsthoseonLoireandGirondeRivers,andLaPallice and La Rochelle from which the main railroad lines lead northeastward throughthe district Orleans,Bourges,Montargis,andNevers,favor-ableforsupplydepots;healsodesignatesasgeneralareafor trainingN eufchateau(Vosges),Nancy(Meurthe-et-Moselle),Epinal (Vosges);andrecommendstheuseoftheports selectedasnot in ter-feringwiththeBritishbases.Furthermorehepointsoutthatthe railroadswouldavoidtheroutesusedbytheFrenchandBritish forcesand' thatthelocationofthesupplydepotswouldfacilitate (37) 38 HqServIcesofSupply,AEF supply.July 4,anadvancesectionwithhqatNeversiscreatedto function directly under C-in-C, AEF.July 5,the Line of Communica-tions is established asa part of the AEF.The Commanding General, LofC,isdesignatedasamember oftheAdministra-HEADQUARTERS ostiveandTechnicalStaffoftheC-in-C.Thestaff Paris, Seine July 5,1917 dutiesassignedtotheCommandingGeneral,LofC, inthezoneoftheLofC,comprisetheServiceof Territorial Command;the Supply,Sanitary,andTelegraph Services; andallconstructionwork.July10,thefirstAmericanpostoffice inFranceopensat St-N azaire.July25,BrigGenRMBlatchford isappointedCommandingGeneral,LofC,byverbalordersofthe C-in-C. Aug1,PurchasingOffice,underChiefQM,opensatLondon, England;embarkationofficeorganizedSouthampton,England. Aug2,HqAmericanBase,LeHavre,opens.Aug5,GenPershing cablesrequirementsforengineertroopsforservicesoftherearand lineofcommunications;wharfconstructionpersonnel,railway, forestry,labor, and generalconstructiontroopstobe givenpri