clove oil steam distillation spring 09
TRANSCRIPT
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Isolating Clove Oilfrom Cloves Using Steam Distillation
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Definition
- Distillation of two immiscible compounds is called a codistillation.
- When one of the compound is water, it is called steam distillation.
- Dalton’s Law.
- PT is not dependent on the mole fraction of each component (compare with Raoult’s Law PT = x1P1° + x2P2° for miscible compounds).
- Mixture will distill at a lower temperature than each compound’s boiling point.
- Advantage: steam distillation allows distillation of organic compounds with high boiling points to distill below 100 ºC avoiding decomposition.
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Clove oil
Clove oil consists of several compounds such as eugenol (85-90%) and eugenol acetate (9-10%). Eugenol has a boiling temperature of 254 ºC.
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Steam Distillation Set-Up
claisen adapter
rubber bands
stopper instead of thermometer
125 mL erlenmeyer flask
fill with H2O
mark level with marker
500 mL flask with boiling chip use a lab jack
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Adding Cloves into the round bottom flask using the stemless funnel
Clove Powder in the Flask
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Changes from the Lab ManualStep1 Use 10 grams of powdered cloves instead of 5 grams whole cloves.
Use 500 mL round bottom flask rather than 100 mL.
Use 125 ml erlenmeyer flask as a receiver instead of 50ml r.b.f.
Use a glass stopper instead of thermometer.
Collect 100 mL distillate instead of 30 ml.
Use a heating mantle instead of a bunsen burner or a hot plate.
Step 2 Use ether to extract the distillate rather than dichloromethane.
Remove ether by rotary evaporation.
Determine recovery% of eugenol. DO NOT dissolve eugenol in methanol!
Characterization: Omit
Finish up: One waste bottle is in the hood for ether / water waste.
Put clove powder in a paper towl and throw in the trash.
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Next week - Convert eugenol to the ester derivative.
Don't forget:Don't forget: You need to finish your experiment from last week.
Final Notes