Graduate Presentation under the esteemed guidance of

Dr.Qi TianDr.Xiaoyin wang

Dr. Ali Saman Tosun Presented by:Sai Gandham

Papers to be covered:

1. A view of Cloud Computing2. Network Virtualization and Software Defined Networking for Cloud

Computing3. Network Virtualization and Resource Description in Software Defined

Wireless Networks

A view of cloud computing

ByMichael Armbrust, Armando fox, Rean Griffith,

Anthony D.Joseph, Randy katz, Andy konwinski,Gunho lee, David Patterson, Ariel

rabkin, Ion stoica, and matel zaharia

A View of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the internet and the hardware and systems software in the data centers that provide those services.

Services includes 1) Software as a service 2) Infrastructure as a service 3) Platform as a service

Public and Private Cloud

Public cloud : when a cloud is made available in a “pay as you go” manner to the general public, we call it as public cloud.

Services being sold is utility computing

Private cloud: When a cloud is made available only to internal data centers of a business or other organizations , not made available to

general public.

Aspects new in cloud computing

The appearance of infinite computing resources available on demand.

The elimination of an up-front commitment by cloud users.

The ability to pay for use of computing resource on a short term basis as needed and release them as needed.

Cloud computing economics

Three particularly compelling use cases that favor cloud computing

1) Demand of service varies with time.

2) When the demand is unknown in advance

3) Organizations that perform batch analytics can use the “cost associativity” of cloud computing to finish computations faster.

Overprovisioning and underprovisioning

Comparing public clouds and private data centers

Obstacles and opportunities for cloud computing

Outages in AWS, AppEngine, and gmail service

Questions ??

Network Virtualization and Software Defined Networking for cloud

computing

ByRaj jain and subharthi paul

Network Virtualization and software defined networking for cloud computing Why Virtualize ? Virtualization in computing Network Virtualization Software defined networking Open application delivery using SDN

Why virtualize ?

Sharing Isolation Aggregation Dynamics Ease of management

Virtualization in Computing

Virtualization is not a new concept

Computer networking is the plumbing of computing

VLANs allow multiple departments of company to share a physical LAN with isolation. Similarly VPN

Significant renewed interest in network virtualization fueled primarily by cloud computing.

Network Virtualization

A computer network starts with a network interaction card in the host.

NIC layer 2(L2) network Interconnected(via bridge) layer3 (L3)

Internet Each of these components needs to be virtualized

Multiple standards to virtualize of several of these components.

Virtualization of NICs

For multiple Vms on the system, each VM needs its own Virtual NIC.

One way to solve above problem is by using hypervisor software, that provides virtual CPU and also implements as many virtual NICs as VMs.

vNICs vSWITCH pNIC pSwitch

VNIC implementation has different standard approaches.

Virtualization of switches

Ethernet switch has 32 – 128 ports

Number of physical machines that needs to be connected on L2 network is larger

Several layers of switches need to be used to form L2 network

Virtual LANs in CLOUDS

Problem in cloud: Multiple VMs in a single physical machine may belong to different clients and need to be in different VLAN

Each VLAN span several data centers

Solution : VXLAN, NVGRE, STT

Software Defined Networking

SDN is latest revolution in networking innovations. SDN consists of four innovations1) Separation of control plane and data plane 2) Centralization of control plane3) Programmability of control plane4) Standardization of application programming interface(APIs)

Separation of control and data planes Networking protocols are arranged in different planes : data, control

and management Data plane : consists of all messages that are generated by users. Control plane : Deals with transport of all the messages in data plane.

Generates routing tables by using different routing protocols . Management Plane: Keeps track of traffic statistics and states of

various network equipment. Key innovation of SDN is separation of Control and data plane. Control logic is separated and implemented in controller that

prepares forwarding table This reduces the complexity and cost of the switches significantly.

Centralization of control plane

Centralization was considered bad thing until few years ago

Now it considered as good for good reason

Centralization of control makes sensing the state and adjusting the control dynamically based on state changes much faster than distributed protocols

Standby controllers can be used to take over in case of failures of the main controller

Programmable control plane

It is easy for the network manager to implement control changes by simply changing the control program.

The programmable control plane is the most important aspect of SDN

Programmable control plane allows the network to be divided in to several virtual networks with different policies and yet resides on shared hardware.

Standardized APIs SDN consists of centralized control plane with Southbound API for communication with hardware infrastructure Northbound API is for communication with network applications

SDN impact and future SDN is expected to make network programmable and easily

partitionable and virtualizable

These features are required for cloud computing where network infrastructure is shared with number of competing entities

SDN is expected to reduce both capital expenditure and operational expenditure

Network of tomorrow is more programmable than today

Open Application delivery using SDN Current SDN based efforts are restricted to L3 and below network

traffic

It may be expanded to L3 and above layer network traffic management

Application traffic management involves application deployment and delivery policies.

Application service is replicated over multiple hosts and may be partitioned for improved performance.

Problem statement

Most applications need to serve global audience

Needs servers all over the world

Cloud services provides multiple computing and storage facilities

Problem is routing using ASP’s policies in a very dynamic multi cloud environment is not possible

Since ISP’s offer no service to dynamically route messages

Open Application delivery

Questions ??

Network Virtualization and resource description in software defined wireless Networks

ByQianru zhou, Cheng-Xiang wang, Stephen

Mclaughlin, and xiaotian zhou

Network virtualization and resource description in software defined wireless

networks Challenges in wireless networks

Overview of existing SDWN architectures

Network description based on RDF

SDWN Architecture with resource description and ontologies

Challenges in wireless networks

SDN virtualizes the network architecture and isolates data control traffic.

The design of wireless network architecture challenging

Must deal with physical restrictions caused by fast changing nature of wireless channels

Server virtualization of wireless networks is also more challenging as it has to satisfy the requirements of both coherence and hardware isolation

SDWN Virtualization Architecture

SDWN is about making decisions on how a connection or flow is transmitted across network

SDWN is to split data and control plane

Most widely used protocol is open flow

It configure network elements

Provides open protocol to program the flow table in different switches and routers

Architecture designs of SDWN

Current SDWN research focuses on network architecture

Existing designs often focus on different positions

Route flow focuses on IP routing services

FlowVisor and FlowN concentrates on slicing the network physical infrastructure .

OpenRoads was proposed with the intention to replace present WIFI networks

SDWN control strategies

Information model

In SDWN, information model is the fundamental element

Information model describes all resources of network

This information model is foundation of network virtualization

It describes both physical layer infrastructure and visualization.

Information model should be Technology independent, reusable, easily extensible and linkable to other existing model.

Semantic technology

Semantic web all the information and services can be understood and used both by humans and computers.

Semantic web is composed of three elements Metadata, RDF, and ontology Metadata is the data about data RDF is a standard about making statements about resources Ontology is also known as vocabulary, describes set of classes and

relationship between classes In network description ontology describes a set of nodes and relation

between them.

Network semantic ontology applications Until now network semantic ontology languages proposed are

numberless

These languages have different grammar, different parameters and different specificities of application

A universally accepted language that describes the resources of SDN is not has ben proposed

Due to complicated and variable wireless channels environment and emerging new technologies building ontology for wireless networks is arduous task

Performance evaluation of ontology

The ontology evaluation is the process to determine which resources the ontology defines correctly/incorrectly and those it does not define.

The criteria for performance evaluation are : 1) Consistency

2) Completeness3) Conciseness 4)Expandability5) Sensitiveness

SDWN architecture with resource description function module

Resource ontology

With this ontology we can express resources in RDF triples “BaseStation A” “has Antenna” “Antenna 1”

Qos ontology

We can describe Qos resources in RDF “Node A” “hasMSTR” “10Mb/s”

Questions ??

Thank you

References

Michael Armbrust, Armando Fox, Rean Griffith, Anthony D. Joseph, Randy Katz, Andy Konwinski, Gunho Lee, David Patterson, Ariel Rabkin, Ion Stoica, and Matei Zaharia. 2010. A view of cloud computing. Commun. ACM 53, 4 (April 2010), 50-58. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1721654.1721672

R. Jain and S. Paul, "Network virtualization and software defined networking for cloud computing: a survey," in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 24-31, November 2013.doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2013.6658648

Q. Zhou, C. X. Wang, S. McLaughlin and X. Zhou, "Network virtualization and resource description in software-defined wireless networks," in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 110-117, November 2015.doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7321979