Presentation On Presentation On Capstone Project (Part –I) Capstone Project (Part –I) (Closed Loop Solar Tracker)(Closed Loop Solar Tracker)

Prepared By:

Vinayak Kumar

Manpreet Kaur

Kunal Paul

Shiv Yadav

Manoj Kumar

IntroductionIntroduction • Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as an energy resource as fossil fuel prices fluctuate. • One of the most popular renewable energy sources is solar energy. • Many researches were conducted to develop some methods to increase the efficiency of Photo Voltaic systems (solar panels). • This project deals with a microcontroller based solar panel tracking system. • Solar tracking enables more energy to be generated because the solar panel is always able to maintain a perpendicular profile to the sun’s rays.

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

Some of the objectives to meet are:

To design an effective sensor array to provide

directional information to guide a major drive system

to track the movement of the sun across the sky.

The drive will have to position a photo-voltaic panel

to the best angle of exposure to sunlight for collection

of solar energy.

To present and run the Solar Tracker during the end-

of-the course presentation.

Solar PanelsSolar Panels

Solar panels are devices that convert light into

electricity. Solar cells or PV cells rely on the

photovoltaic effect to absorb the energy of the

sun and cause current to flow between two

oppositely charge layers.

A solar panel is a collection of solar cells.

Crystalline silicon and gallium arsenide are

typical choices of materials for solar panels.

Solar TrackerSolar Tracker

A solar tracker is a device onto which solar

panels are fitted which tracks the motion of the

sun across the sky ensuring that the maximum

amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout

the day.

Need Of Solar TrackerNeed Of Solar Tracker

Commercial purpose Increase Solar Panel OutputMaximum efficiency of the panel Maximize Power per unit AreaAble to grab the energy throughout the day .

Types of solar trackersTypes of solar trackers

Single Axis Solar Tracker Dual axis solar Tracker

Methods of DriverMethods of Driver

Active Trackers :Active Trackers use motors and gear trains to

direct the tracker as commanded by a controller responding to the

solar direction.

Passive Trackers :Passive Trackers use a low boiling point

compressed gas fluid that is driven to one side or the other (by solar

heat creating gas pressure) to cause the tracker to move.

Chronological Tracker :Chronological Tracker counteracts the

earth's rotation by turning at an equal rate as the earth, but in the

opposite direction.

Flow chartFlow chart

Components used:Components used:LDRDC Motors L293D(Motor Driving IC)Microcontroller(ATMEGA 16)LCDBuzzer

LDRLDR Light Dependent Resistor

(LDR) is made of a high-resistance semiconductor.

It can also be referred to as a photoconductor.

If light falling on the device is of the high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band.

The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.

DC MotorDC Motor• A DC motor is a mechanically

commutated electric motor powered

from direct current(DC).

• DC motors are cheaper to buy.

• Simple to drive but they need feed-

back sensors to allow control of the

speed.

• It is necessary to detect the rotation of

the wheels by means of sensors.

L293DL293D• L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC).•Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. • This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.•When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled.•when the enable input is low, that driver is disabled.

Microcontroller(ATMEGA16)Microcontroller(ATMEGA16)

Flash (Kbytes): 16 KbytesPin Count : 40Max. Operating Frequency:

16 MHz CPU: 8-bit AVRMax I/O Pins: 32 ADC channels:8ADC Resolution (bits): 10SRAM (Kbytes):1 EEPROM (Bytes):512

Our systemOur system

Work to be doneWork to be done

Pros And Cons Of Solar Pros And Cons Of Solar Tracking SystemTracking System

PROS:• Produces no pollution.• Solar power produces electricity very silently.• Chance to harness electricity in remote locations that are not associated with a national power grid.• Installing solar power panels in remote locations is generally much less expensive.•High efficiency.

Cons:Cons:

• High initial price of solar panels.

• Repairs and maintenance

• Damage in a storm

• Moving parts and gears require regular

maintainance

ConclusionConclusion

As we know that our country (India) have one of the

great problem of electricity now a day, specially in

ruler areas .electricity is a pillar of any country ,we

just want our project becomes ray of hope of those

People which really deserved it.

Here,Our main aim is to find low cost and accurate

closed loop solar tracker which is fully Automatic .