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Clontarf TKD Student grading criteria
This student manual for gradings in Clontarf TKD has been created using various
sources including historic syllabus requirements based on the Taekwon-do
encyclopaedia and adapted to include the recently published requirements set
out in the newly published ITA training manual.
The requirements for each grade will be tailored by the Instructor to meet the
specific requirements for grading at Clontarf Taekwon-do Club.
The complete ITA training manual can be purchased at the Club and all
students who progress beyond yellow belt are advised to purchase the
manual. The manual contains additional illustrative examples which will be of
great benefit to students and includes all material that could come up during an
ITF examination.
Introduction
10th Kup grading syllabus
9th kup grading syllabus
8th kup grading syllabus
7th kup grading syllabus
6th kup grading syllabus
5th kup grading syllabus
4th kup grading syllabus
3rd kup grading syllabus
2nd kup grading syllabus
1st kup grading syllabus
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Introduction Brief History of Taekwon-do
Taekwon-Do differs significantly from other martial arts. In fact, no other martial art is as advanced with
regard to the application of Newtonian physics to generate power while executing a technique.
General Choi’s journey to develop Taekwon-Do began with his prior knowledge of Taek Kyon, the ancient
Korean art of foot fighting and his study of Karate in Japan during the Japanese occupation of Korea. Soon
after Korea was liberated in 1945, he was placed in a privileged position as a founding member of the newly
formed South Korean Armed Forces.
The former provided him with a definite sense of creation, and the latter gave him the power to disseminate
Taekwon-Do throughout the entire armed forces, despite furious opposition.
The emergence of Taekwon-Do as an international martial art in a relatively short period of time was due to a
variety of factors. The evils of contemporary society (moral corruption, materialism, selfishness, etc.) had
created a spiritual vacuum. Taekwon-Do was able to compensate for the prevailing sense of emptiness,
distrust, decadence and lack of confidence.
In addition, these were violent times, when people felt the need for a means of protecting themselves, and the
superiority of Taekwon-Do technique came to be widely recognised. General Choi's social stature, the
advantage of being Taekwon-Do's founder and his wonderful health also contributed to the rapid growth of
Taekwon-Do all over the world.
General Choi had been born frail and weak and was encouraged to learn Taek Kyon at the age of fifteen by his
teacher of calligraphy. In 1938, a few days before he was due to leave Korea to study in Japan he was involved
in an unexpected incident that would have made it difficult to return home without risk of reprisals.
He resolved to become a black belt holder in Karate while he was in Japan. The skills he required were
sufficient protection against those who might seek to do him harm. Not only was he able to return to Korea,
but he subsequently initiated the national liberation movement known as the Pyongyang Student Soldier's
Incident. Like so many patriots in the long course of human history, his actions aroused the wrath of those in
positions of power. He was imprisoned for a time in a Japanese army jail. In January of 1946, he was
commissioned as a second lieutenant in the fledgling Republic of Korea army and posted to the 4th infantry
regiment in Kwangju, Cholla Namdo Province as a company commander
General Choi began to teach Karate to his soldiers as a means of physical and mental training. It was then that
he realised that they needed to develop their own national martial art, superior in both spirit and technique to
Japanese Karate. With this in mind he began to develop new techniques systematically. By the end of 1954 he
had nearly completed the foundation of a new martial art for Korea, and therefore, on 11th April 1955, it was
given the name "Taekwon-Do".
Although Karate and Taek Kyon were used as references in the course of study, the fundamental theories and
principles of Taekwon-Do are totally different from those of any other martial art in the world. General Choi
formulated the following basic ideals for the Taekwon-Do practitioners:
By developing an upright mind and a strong body, we will acquire the self-confidence to stand on the side of
justice at all times; We shall unite with all men in a common brotherhood, without regard to religion, race,
national or ideological boundaries; We shall dedicate ourselves to building a peaceful human society in which
justice, morality, trust and humanism prevail; The spiritual dimensions of Taekwon-Do can be defined as fusing
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oneself with the ideals of Taekwon-Do and attaining and understanding the full meaning of each of the
Taekwon-Do patterns. If we consider ourselves as one with Taekwon-Do, we will respect it as we respect our
own bodies and Taekwon-Do will never be used in a dishonourable way.
The names of the patterns are derived from the most illustrious people to have been produced by nearly five
thousand years of Korean history. A proper understanding of the patterns leads, inevitably to the realisation
that Taekwon-Do is a martial art to be used only for self-defence and only in the cause of justice.
Tae Kwon Do
Tenets of Taekwon-Do
It would be fair to say that anyone who has participated in the art of Taekwon-Do would admit how it can have
a great effect and a strong influence on a person’s life. This would be the case whether they are actively
participating in the art, have suspended their training temporarily, or have completely retired from Taekwon-
Do altogether. The effect and influence is always there.
This can be seen in how the individual uses, applies, and interprets the Tenets of Taekwon-Do, not only in their
training but in their everyday life. These tenets come under the following five headings:
•COURTESY (Ye Ui)
•INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)
•PERSEVERANCE (In Nae)
•SELF CONTROL (Guk Gi)
•INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekjool Boolgool)
It can be seen if these ideals are of any influence on how he or she conducts themselves either in the Dojang as
an instructor, student, as a person in their private life, or how they are respected and looked upon by
colleagues at their place of work. Before we understand the concept of these titles, we must establish as to
what a tenet actually is. In other words, what is its literal meaning? It is defined in the dictionary thus: Tenet
(noun) - any opinion, principle, dogma or doctrine held to be true.
The last part of the definition indicates that it could almost be held as a belief, passed on to a student from an
Instructor or Master. This is confirmed if one reads the founder of Taekwon-Do, General Choi's explanation of
the tenets. Let us then examine these important principles or tenets, about which General Choi says, "The
success or failure of Taekwon-Do training depends largely on how one observes and implements the tenets of
Taekwon-Do which should serve as a guide for all serious students of the art".
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COURTESY (Ye Ui)
First impressions; Many an opinion of a person is made on an initial meeting, whether it be in social circles or a
work environment. General Choi states that courtesy is an important unwritten regulation in everybody's life
in order to maintain a harmonious society. A person should always try to exercise this tenet, not only in their
Taekwon-Do training, but also in both their social and professional life. It is of the most importance when
being an instructor. On entering the Dojang for the first time, the new student will undoubtedly be influenced
not only by how courteous the instructor is to them, but also by how courteous the senior students are to the
instructor. This will in turn create an atmosphere conducive for the students to train in. To be constantly
courteous and polite in a professional environment can often prove difficult, especially when dealing with a
person who does not have the same attitude. However, when one perseveres in courtesy, one will eventually
win and gain people's respect in the end. Courtesy can also mean tolerance, for example tolerance of other
people’s opinions, ideals, and beliefs. This notion is compatible with the Taekwon-Do ideal, found in the
student oath, of building a more peaceful world.
INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)
"Honesty is the best policy". This is an adage that we hear of a lot in life. From a very early age we are all
taught to be honest. As we get older, however, many of us find it difficult to uphold. This can be due to the
various constraints we find ourselves in during our later life. To seek to achieve integrity and honesty in all
areas of your life is a challenge in itself for the simple reason that it is extremely difficult to be honest with
yourself. However, the literal definition of integrity can be made to cover a wider scope of interpretation. This
can also include: wholeness, entirety, unbroken state, moral soundness and uprightness. With these
definitions in mind it can be seen why General Choi's explanation includes the ability to: "define right and
wrong and have the conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt". Most people will agree that if as a person, you try to be
honest in Taekwon-Do, as indicated in General Choi's explanation of the tenet, this will inevitably reflect in
your professional and private life and you will earn respect in all of these different areas.
PERSEVERANCE (In Nae)
Its literal definition means "to continue readily with or persist in any business or enterprise undertaken".
General Choi says: "To achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection of a technique, one
must set his goal, then constantly persevere..... One of the most important secrets in becoming a leader in
Taekwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by perseverance". The student of Taekwon-Do must apply this
tenet in their training at all times if they are to reach any goal in Taekwon-Do. Whether they are putting in two
to three hours training per day to prepare for an important competition, practising for an approaching Kup or
Dan grading, trying to perfect the fundamental movements in a pattern or trying to develop the 'theory of
power' in the fundamental techniques of Taekwon-Do - all of these tasks require perseverance. Confucius said
- "One who is impatient in trivial matters can seldom achieve success in matters of great importance".
SELF CONTROL (Guk Gi)
All practitioners of Taekwon-Do must be taught that Taekwon-Do is an art of self-defence. It must always
therefore be used as a last resort, and then only as a restraint to contain the opponent. With this in mind it is
easy to see the importance of this tenet. A loss of self-control can be disastrous for both parties. Taekwon-Do
has the reputation of being the most powerful martial art ever devised. This can be measured and proved
scientifically and the amount of power that a student develops, even after a short period of training can be
devastating and potentially lethal. For this reason, it is simply neither practical nor possible to have "full
contact" sparring. Therefore this tenet, along with the others is extremely important both inside and outside
the dojang. Lao-Tzu summed up the importance of self-control when he said: "the term of 'stronger' refers to
the person who wins over oneself rather than someone else".
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INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekjool Boolgool)
This tenet has very deep philosophical meanings. The literal definition of "indomitable" is "that which cannot
be subdued", whereas spirit can mean many things, from an essential or active quality of a thing to the
essence or vigour of the intellect or mind. General Choi refers to the heroic actions of the 300 Spartans at the
Battle of Thermopylae who fought against overwhelming odds and superior forces as an example of
indomitable spirit. It is shown when a courageous person and his principles are pitted against overwhelming
odds. For example, when a person or in some cases, where a whole people believe that a wrong has been
done, or an injustice carried out, their indomitable spirit will always show through. For the Taekwon-Do
practitioner, indomitable spirit is essential for their physical, spiritual, and moral development.
Tae Kwon-do Oath
As a student of Tae kwon-do
I shall observe the Tenets of Tae Kwon-do
I shall respect the instructors and seniors
I shall never misuse Tae Kwon-do
I shall be a champion of freedom and justice
I shall build a more peaceful world
The oath will be read out at the beginning of every grading and repeated by students. All students should know the
oath.
Patterns
Tul
The ancient law in the orient was similar to the law of Hamurabi, 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth',
and was rigorously enforced even if death was caused accidentally.
In this type of environment, and since the present system of free sparring had not yet been developed, it was
impossible for a student of the martial arts to practice or test his individual skill of attack and defence against
actual moving opponents. Individual advancement was certainly hindered until an imaginative practitioner
created the first patterns.
Patterns are various fundamental movements, most of which represent either attack or defence techniques,
set to a fixed or logical sequence.
The student systematically deals with several imaginary opponents under various assumptions, using every
available attacking and blocking tool from different directions. Thus, pattern practice enables the student to go
through many fundamental movements in series, to develop sparring techniques, improve flexibility of
movements, master body shifting, build muscles and breath control, develop fluid and smooth motions, and
gain rhythmical movements.
It also enables a student to acquire certain special techniques which cannot be obtained from either
fundamental exercises or sparring. In short, a pattern can be compared with a unit tactic or a word, if
fundamental movement is an individual soldiers training or alphabet. Accordingly, pattern, the ledger of every
movement, is a series of sparring, power, feats and characteristic beauty. Though sparring may merely indicate
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that an opponent is more or less advanced, patterns are a more critical barometer in evaluating an individual’s
technique.
The following points should be considered while performing patterns:
•Pattern should begin and end exactly at the same spot. This will indicate the performer’s accuracy.
•Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times.
•Muscles of the body should be either tense or relaxed at the proper critical moments in the exercise.
•The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an absence of stiffness.
•Movement should be accelerated or decelerated according to the instructions in the Taekwon-Do
encyclopaedia.
•Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next.
•Students should know the purpose of each movement.
•Students should perform each movement with realism.
•Attack and defence techniques should be equally distributed among right and left hands and feet.
The reason for 24 Patterns in Taekwon-Do:
The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day when compared with eternity.
Therefore, we mortals are no more than simple travellers who pass by the eternal years of an aeon in a day. It
is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time. Nevertheless, most people foolishly
enslave themselves to materialism as if they could live for thousands of years. And some people strive to
bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way, gaining immortality. Obviously, the spirit
is perpetual while material is not. Therefore, what we can do to leave something behind for the welfare of
mankind is, perhaps, the most important thing in our lives.
General Choi leaves Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man in the late 20th century.
The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all of his life
Sparring
Matsogi
Sparring is the physical application of attack and defence techniques gained from pattern and fundamental
exercise against actual moving opponent or opponents under various situations. It is, therefore, not only
indispensable to promote the fighting spirit and courage, to train the eyes, to read the opponents tactic as well
as manoeuvres, to forge, toughen and develop the attacking and blocking tools, to test his own skills and
ability, to learn other movements hardly to be gained from pattern or fundamental exercise.
Sparring is the physical application of attack and defence techniques gained from pattern and fundamental
exercise against actual moving opponent or opponents under various situations. It is, therefore, not only
indispensable to promote the fighting spirit and courage, to train the eyes, to read the opponents tactic as well
as manoeuvres, to forge, toughen and develop the attacking and blocking tools, to test his own skills and
ability, to learn other movements hardly to be gained from pattern or fundamental exercise.
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The student first encounters sparring at 9th Kup, starting off with 3-Step Prearranged Sparring. When the
student is promoted to 7th Kup they learn the more advanced 2-Step Prearranged Sparring and also Semi-Free
Sparring. At 6th Kup or Green Belt, the student moves on to Free Sparring, while the next promotion to 5th
Kup sees the introduction of One-Step Sparring.
In fact, nearly all students are anxious to move on to this phase of instruction. Not only does training become
more interesting but for the first time, the student begins to achieve a degree of satisfaction through actual
application of these techniques.
The danger lies in a student who has not built up a solid basic foundation, developing bad habits that are
extremely difficult to lose when the student progresses. This is the reason that the instructor encourages the
beginner to learn the necessary patterns and fundamental movements before participating in class sparring,
especially tournament.
Free Sparring (Jayu Matsogi)
Free Sparring is essentially an open combat with controlled attacking and prohibition of attacking to certain
vital spots. In free sparring, there is no prearranged mode between the students, and both participants are
completely free to attack and defend with all available means and methods with one exception: The attacker
must stop the attacking tool just before reaching the vital spot. Because Taekwon-Do is a lethal form of self-
defence, the sparring rules - unlike those of other competitive sports, count only blows focused within two
centimetres of a vital spot, instead of counting the number of ineffective blows or the use of sheer brute
strength. In sparring, focused blows, speed, power, balance, and strong and accurate blocking, skillful dodging
and attitude are taken into consideration.
How important is Free Sparring?
Taekwon-Do is a martial art because it aims at a noble moral rearmament, good health and a variety of
techniques to defend oneself and the weak by discriminating against political involvement and
commercialisation to embody a just society. Unfortunately, many false or unqualified instructors, forgetting
this true nature of Taekwon-Do, rely on showmanship and overemphasise free sparring to cover up their lack
of technique. As a result, their students have a tendency towards arrogance once winning a local or national
championship without trying to improve and expand their techniques. Of course, free sparring is a very
important part of Taekwon-Do to build courage, experience, sense of victory, ability of performance, and
significance of participation and so on. However, it should not be the only focus of the training. A student will
see that free sparring is not a real combat and is a very small part of Taekwon-Do due to the following
limitations:
•Prohibition of attacking the vital spots.
•Limited number of attacking tools.
•Limited number of attacking areas.
•Limited space for fighting.
•Limited number of attacking methods.
•Safety equipment.
•No full contact and so on.
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Accordingly, in free sparring, the student can have a chance to exchange less than a dozen fundamental
movements, compared to the 3,200 techniques available in Taekwon-Do. This is why General Choi emphasises
correct training of fundamental movements rather than free sparring.
The training cycle of taekwon-do:
Recognition plaque:
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10TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS
Examination requirements Exercises
Saju Jirugi
Hand Techniques
Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi Forefist middle punch Parallel stance, on the spot
Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi Forefist middle punch Sitting stance, on the spot
Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi Forefist middle punch Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Bakat palmok najunde makgi Outer forearm low block Walking stance, forwards or backwards
An palmok kaunde makgi Inner forearm middle block Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Any of the above blocks followed by reverse punch
Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Foot Techniques
Apcha olligi Front rising kick Walking stance. Remain on the spot, kicking with
Bakuro cha olligi Outward rising kick the back leg
Apcha busigi Front snap kick Walking stance. Remain on the spot, kicking with
Yopcha jirugi Side piercing kick the back leg
Dwitcha jirugi Back piercing kick Walking stance. Remain on the spot, kicking with
Sparring Stance Guard Basic Movement Distance for attack and defence
Self Defence Pushing Wrist releases Press ups Number designated by examiner
Theory and Terminology White Belt
White belt signifies innocence as that of a beginning student who has no previous knowledge of
Taekwon-Do
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English Korean
Attention stance Charyot sogi
Parallel stance Narrani sogi
Sitting stance Annun sogi
Walking stance Gunnun sogi
Outer forearm low block
Bakat palmok najunde makgi
Inner forearm middle block
An palmok kaunde makgi
Front snap kick Apcha busigi
Front rising kick Apcha olligi
Outward rising kick Bakuro cha olligi
Side piercing kick Yopcha jirugi
Back piercing kick Dwitcha jirugi
Obverse Baro
Reverse Bandae
Footsword Balkal
Ball of the foot Ap kumchi
Forefist Ap joomuk
Inner forearm An palmok
Outer forearm Bakat palmok
High section Nopunde
Middle section Kaunde
Low section Najunde
You should know the application of all learned techniques
You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances
You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location
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Additional Questions
What does Taekwon-Do literally mean?
The art of hand and foot. Tae means foot, kwon means hand and Do means art.
Tae Kwon Do
Who was the father and founder of Taekwon-Do?
Grandmaster General Choi Hong Hi 9th Degree
What is a tenet?
A tenet is a belief or attitude a person should adopt while training in Taekwon-Do
The tenets of Taekwon-Do
Courtesy Ye Ui
Integrity Yom Chi
Perseverance In Nae
Self-control Guk Gi
Indomitable spirit Baekjool Bolgool
Where does Taekwon-Do come from? Korea
When was the name Taekwon-Do officially recognised? April 11th 1955
What is the Korean name for the training uniform? Dobok
What is the Korean name for the training area? Dojang
Stances and Techniques (see ITA training manual for further information and principles)
Attention Stance (Charyot Sogi):
This is the posture taken for performing the Taekwon-Do bow
• Feet form a 45° angle
• Drop the fists down naturally bending the elbows slightly
• The fists are clenched slightly
• Eyes face the front slightly above the horizontal line
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Weight Distribution = 50% - 50%
Bow posture
• Bend the body 15° forward
• Keep the eyes fixed on the person you are bowing to
Parallel Ready Stance (Narani Junbi Sogi):
• Place the outsides of the feet shoulder width apart
• Keep the toes pointing towards the front.
• Both fists are brought naturally over the abdomen.
• Both fists are about 5cm apart and 7cm away from the abdomen.
• The distance between the elbows and floating ribs is about 10cm.
• Do not extend the elbows to the side more than necessary.
• Hold the upper arms forward 30° while bending the forearms 40° upward
Weight Distribution = 50% - 50%
Walking Stance (Gunnun Sogi):
This is a strong stance for front and rear, both in attack and defence.
• Move one foot to the front or rear at a distance of one and a half
shoulder width between the big toes and one shoulder width between
the centre of one instep and the other. Over one and a half shoulder
width in distance makes the movement slow and weak against an attack
from the side and weak against an attack from the front or rear.
• Bend the front leg until the kneecap forms a vertical line with the heel,
extending the opposite leg fully.
• Distribute the body weight evenly on both feet.
• Keep the toes of the front foot pointing forward, the opposite foot 25° outwards. Over 25°
weakens he knee joint against an attack from the rear.
• Tense the muscles of the feet with the feeling of pulling them toward each other.
• When the right leg is bent, the stance is called a right walking stance and vice-versa.
• It can be full facing or half facing in both attack and defence.
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Sitting Stance (Annun Sogi):
This is a very stable stance for lateral movement. It is also widely used for punching exercise and
muscle development of the legs. It can be either full or side facing, both in attack and defence.
Place the feet apart, with a distance of one and a half shoulder widths between the big toes.
Double shoulder width weakens the stance and hampers speedy movement.
Point the toes to the front and distribute the weight evenly on
both legs.
Extend the knees outward, bending until the kneecaps come over
the ball of the foot.
Infuse the strength into the inner thighs and tense inward by
scraping the ground or floor with the side soles.
Push both the chest and abdomen out and pull the hip back tensing the abdomen.
Outer forearm low block
Purpose of block:
To intercept the opponents attacking foot or fist aimed at the lower abdomen. The targets of the
block are the tibia of the kicking foot or the back of the punching fist.
Blocking Tool used:
One third of the outer forearm (Bakat palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used.
Inner forearm middle block
Purpose of the block:
To intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the solar plexus and areas above.
Blocking Tool used:
One third of the inner forearm (An Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking tool
in this block.
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Forefist middle punch
Purpose of the attack:
This punch is used primarily to cause internal haemorrhage rather than surface damage by twisting
the attacking tool at the moment of impact. The fore fist is generally used for attacking the philtrum,
ribs, solar plexus, chest, abdomen, jaw etc.
Attacking Tool used:
The main knuckles of the forefinger and middle finger are the punching parts.
Front snap kick
Purpose of the attack:
This technique is used to attack the opponent in the front. The face, solar plexus, abdomen,
scrotum, armpit and floating ribs are the targets. The target is varied according to the height and
position of the opponent.
The front snap kick should not be applied to any target higher than the attackers own solar plexus.
It is not only ineffective but the ball of the foot loses its purpose as a smashing tool. The trajectory of
the kick, once it passes a certain point, will result in a loss of balance.
Attacking Tool used:
The ball of the foot (Ap Kumchi) is the attacking tool used in this particular attack. The toes are bent
sharply upward at the moment of impact.
Front Rising Kick
Purpose:
This kick is primarily used for the development of flexibility but may also be used to deflect an
opponents punching fist by kicking the under forearm or an opponent’s foot by kicking the inner
tibia.
Blocking Tool Used:
The ball of the foot (Ap Kumchi) is the blocking tool used in this particular technique. The toes are
bent sharply upward at the moment of impact.
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Outward Rising Kick
Purpose:
This kick is used for the development of flexibility
Back Piercing Kick
Purpose of the attack:
The kick is quite effective for attacking an opponent approaching from the rear. The advantage of
this kick is the ability to reach a long distance even without changing the direction of the body.
Attacking Tool used:
The foot sword is the attacking tool. One third of the edge of the foot, from the heel to the joint of
the little toe, is the part used.
Side piercing kick:
Purpose of the attack:
This is one of the most effective techniques for attacking an opponent at the flank. It is used to
attack the temple, floating ribs and neck artery.
Attacking Tool used:
The foot sword is the attacking tool. One third of the edge of the foot, from the heel to the joint of
the little toe, is the part used.
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The training cycle of taekwon-do:
Recognition plaque:
It takes the shape of a turtle which symbolizes longevity. The six colours represent the colours of the
belts
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9TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS
Examination requirements
Pattern
chon-Ji, Saju Jirugi, Saju Makgi
Hand Techniques
Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi x 2 bbarun tongjak
Forefist middle punch x 2. Fast motion
Sitting stance, on the spot
Ap joomuk baro kaunde jirugi, Ap joomuk bandae kaunde jirugi
Forefist obverse middle punch, forefist reverse middle punch
Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Bakat palmok najunde makgi, bakat palmok chookyo makgi
Outer forearm low block, outer forearm rising block
Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Sonkal najunde makgi Knifehand low block Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Bakat palmok chookyo makgi Outer forearm rising block Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Sonkal chookyo makgi Knifehand rising block Walking stance, forwards or backwards
An palmok kaunde makgi Inner forearm middle block L stance, forwards or backwards
Sonkal yop taerigi Knifehand side strike L stance, forwards or backwards
Palmok daebi makgi Forearm guarding block L stance, forwards or backwards
Sonkal daebi makgi Knifehand guarding block L stance, forwards or backwards
Sang palmok makgi Twin forearm block, L stance L stance, forwards or backwards
Foot Techniques
Naeryo chagi Downward kick L stance, remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg
Yop dollyo chagi Side turning kick L stance, remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg
Yopcha jirugi Side piercing kick L stance, remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg
Apcha busigi Front snap kick, Walking stance Kick with the back leg and step in front or kick with the front leg and step behind
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Twigi apcha busigi Jumping front snap kick Parallel stance, remain on the spot
Dwitcha jirugi Back piercing kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the back leg towards the front
Sparring Stance Guard Basic Movement Distance for attack and defence
Self Defence Side choke Front choke One and two handed clothing grabs from the front Plus examiners choice of attacks from earlier grades
Power Test Apcha busigi (depending on age)
Theory and Terminology Chon-ii (19 Movements)
Chon-Ji means literally "the heaven and the earth". It is, in the orient, interpreted as the creation of
the world or the beginning of human history, therefore, it is the initial pattern performed by the
beginning student. Chon-Ji has two similar parts, one to represent the heavens, the other
representing the earth.
Yellow Belt
Yellow signifies the Earth from which the plant sprouts and takes root as the Taekwon-Do
foundation is being laid.
Terminology
L Stance Niunja sogi
Knifehand Sonkal
Knifehand side strike Sonkal yop taerigi
Forearm guarding block Palmok daebi makgi
Knifehand guarding block Sonkal daebi makgi
Twin forearm block Sang palmok makgi
Knifehand rising block Sonkal chookyo makgi
Knifehand low block Sonkal najunde makgi
Outer forearm rising block Bakat palmok chookyo makgi
Downward kick Naeryo chagi
Turning kick Dollyo chagi
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Jumping front snap kick Twigi apcha busigi
Normal motion Pontonguro
3 step sparring Sambo matsogi
Self-defence Hosinsul
Power test Wi-Ryok
Inward Anuro
Outward Bakuro
Belt Ti
Tenet Jungshin
Courtesy Ye ui
Integrity Yom chi
Perseverance In nae
Self-control Guk gi
Indomitable spirit Baekjool bolgool
Assistant instructor Boosabum
Instructor Sabum
Master Sahyun
Grand Master Sasung
You should know the application of all learned techniques.
You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances
(see 10thy kup).
You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location.
You should be able to explain the tenets of Taekwon-Do in your own words.
Additional Questions
What is Taekwon-Do?
The scientific use of the body for attacking and defensive techniques, learned through intense
physical and mental training.
What are the four levels of instructor?
1st to 3rd Degree Assistant instructor — Boosabum
4th to 6th Degree Instructor — Sabum
7th to 8th Degree Master — Sahyun
9th Degree Grand Master — Sasung
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What is the student oath?
I shall observe the tenets of Taekwon-Do
I shall respect my instructors and seniors
I shall never misuse Taekwon-Do
I shall be a champion of freedom and justice
I shall build a more peaceful world
What are the sections of the body?
High section; From the top of the shoulders to the top of the head
Middle section; From the umbilicus to the top of the shoulder
Low section; All areas lower than the umbilicus
A high block is when the highest point of the blocking tool is at the same level as the eyes of the
defender.
A middle block is when the highest point of the blocking tool is at the same level as the shoulder of
the defender.
A low block defends against an attack aimed below the umbilicus.
What is the significance in the way that Taekwon-Do is written on the back of the Dobok?
It represents the "evergreen tree" in that the tree never sheds its leaves and always shows its true
colours. In the same manner a student of Taekwon- Do is expected to aspire always to be at his or
her best.
Give a basic explanation of sine wave (hwaldung pando)?
The body should relax at the beginning of all movements. The centre of gravity is raised allowing for
the creation of potential energy which can be converted to kinetic (in movement) energy by
dropping, thus increasing the power of the technique.
Stances and Techniques (see ITA training manual for further information and principles)
L — Stance (Niunja Sogi):
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This is widely used for defence, though used in attack as well. The front foot is readily available for
kicking with a slight shift of the body weight and with the advantage of half facing as well as body
shifting.
• Move one foot to either front or rear at a distance of approximately one and a half times the
shoulder width from the foot sword of the rear foot to the toes of the front foot forming almost a
right angle.
• It is recommended that the toes of both feet point about 15° inward.
• The front heel should be placed beyond the heel of the rear foot about 2.5cm to gain better
stability.
• Bend the rear leg until the kneecap forms a vertical line with the toes, bending the front leg
proportionally.
• Keep the hip aligned with the inner knee joint.
• The ratio of the body weight is about 70 per cent on the rear
leg and 30 per cent on the front leg.
• When the right leg is most bent it is called a right L — Stance
and vice-versa.
• It is always half facing both for attack and defence.
Knifehand low block (Sonkal Najunde Makgi)
Purpose of block: To intercept the opponents attacking foot aimed at the lower abdomen. The
targets of the block are the inner or outer tibia of the kicking foot or the Achilles tendon if used in
sitting or x-stance.
Blocking Tool used: The knife hand (Sonkal) is the blocking tool used. The tool is from the wrist to
the main knuckle of the little finger.
Outer forearm rising block (Bakat Palmok Chookyo Makgi):
Purpose of the block:
The main purpose of this technique is to protect the forehead or skull from a downward strike with a
club, pole or hand. It can be used in nearly all stances.
Blocking Tool used:
One third of the outer forearm (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking
tool in this block.
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Knifehand rising block (Sonkal Chookyo Makgi):
The method of blocking and stances used are the same as that of an outer forearm rising block. The
distance between the thumb and forehead is 7 centimetres.
Knifehand Middle Outward Strike (Sonkal Kaunde Bakuro Taerigi):
Purpose of the attack:
To destroy or break the bone, muscle or vital spots with the attacking tool.
Attacking Tool used:
The knife hand (Sonkal) is the attacking tool used. The tool is from the wrist to the main knuckle of
the little finger.
Knife-hand middle guarding block (Sonkal Kaunde Daebi Makgi):
Purpose of block:
To intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the solar plexus and areas above. This block is
useful as one can position themselves in a half facing position and protect the body completely with
both hands.
Blocking Tool used:
The knife hand (Sonkal) is the blocking tool used.
Forearm middle guarding block (Palmok Kaunde Daebi Makgi):
Purpose of block:
To intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the solar plexus and areas above. This block is
useful as one can position themselves in a half facing position and protect the body completely with
both hands.
Blocking Tool used:
One third of the outer forearm (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking
tool in this block.
Twin forearm block (Sang Palmok Makgi):
Purpose of the block:
This technique is used to block a simultaneous attack from the front and the side. The side blocking
forearm performs a middle block. Although the rising block may be effective against an attack to the
forehead, the side block is the primary one.
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Blocking Tools used:
One third of the outer forearms (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow are used as the blocking
tools in this block.
Side Block (Middle Block):
• The fist reaches the same level as the shoulders of the defender.
• The body becomes half facing the opponent.
Front Block (Rising Block):
• The fist should be slightly higher than the elbow. The distance between the inner forearm and the
forehead is about 7cm with the elbow bent at a 45° angle. The inner forearm reaches the same level
as the forehead.
Fore fist high punch (Ap Joomuk Nopunde Jirugi):
This technique follows the same principles as Forefist Middle Punch (Ap Joomuk Kaunde Jirugi) p15
with the following exceptions:
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The training cycle of taekwon-do:
Recognition plaque:
It takes the shape of a turtle which symbolizes longevity. The six colours represent the colours of the
belts
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8TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS
Examination requirements Patterns
Dan-Gun, Chon-Ji
Hand Techniques
Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi (x2) Yonsok tongjak
Forefist middle punch (x2) Continuous motion
Sitting stance, on the spot
Sun sonkut tulgi Straight fingertip thrust Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi
Backfist high side strike Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi
Outer forearm high side block Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Bakat palmok nopunde haechyo makgi
Outer forearm high wedging block
Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Ap cha busigi & ap joomuk baro and bandae kaunde jirugi pparun tongjak
Front snap kick & forefist obverse and reverse middle punches. Fast motion
The fast motion applies to the punches. Kick with the back leg and land in front or kick with the front leg and step behind
Bakat palmok najunde makgi, bakat palmok chookyo makgi, Yonsok tongjak
Outer forearm low block, outer forearm rising block continuous motion
Walking stance, forwards or backwards
Foot Techniques
Unless directed otherwise, perform all kicks from L stance forearm guarding block Twigi apcha busigi Jumping front snap kick Kick with the back leg and land
in front
Ap bandae dollyo chagi Front reverse turning kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg
Naeryo chagi Downward kick Kick with the back leg and land in front or kick with the front leg and step behind
Dwitcha jirugi Back piercing kick Kick with the back leg and land in front
Yopcha jirugi Side piercing kick Kick with the back leg and land in front or kick with the front leg and step behind
Dollyo chagi Turning kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the back leg
Free Sparring, Special Technique, Power Test, Self Defence.
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Theory and Terminology Dan-Gun (21 Movements)
Dan Gun is named after the holy Dan Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in 2333 BC.
Terminology
Straight fingertip thrust Sun sonkut tulgi
Backfist high side strike Dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi
Outer forearm high side block Bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi
Outer forearm high wedging block Bakat palmok nopunde haechyo makgi
Front reverse turning kick Ap bandae dollyo chagi
Thrust Tulgi
Fingertip Sonkut
Continuous motion Yonsok tongjak
Fast motion Bbarun tongjak
One Hanna
Two Dool
Three Set
Four Net
Five Dasot
Six Yosut
Seven IL gup
Eight Yodul
Nine Ahop
Ten Yol
You should know the application of all learned techniques
You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances
You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location
You should be able to bow in a class showing respect to the instructor
1. First stand at attention and shout 'Charyot'
2. Check that all of the class have come to attention
3. Say:
a. Boosabum Nimgeh (for 1st — 3rd degree)
b. Sabum Nimgeh (for 4th — 6th degree)
c. Sahyun Nimgeh (for 7th — 8th degree)
d. Sasung Nimgeh (for 9th degree)
4. Shout 'Kyong Ye', everyone will bow to the instructor while saying 'Taekwon'.
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You should be able to demonstrate and give the reasons for the Taekwon-Do handshake.
1. To show that you have no hidden agenda
2. To show the weight of your respect for the other person
Additional questions
What animal is symbolic in Taekwon-Do?
The turtle. It has for centuries been the symbol of longevity in the Orient. The ITF plaque represents
the turtles shell.
What are the reasons the Taekwon-Do belt (Ti) wraps around the waist only once, unlike many
other martial arts?
You should pursue one goal once determined until its completion (Ohdoilkwan)
You should serve one master with unshakable loyalty (Ilpyondanshim)
You should gain victory with one blow (Ilkyokpilsung)
This was decided at a meeting of the ITF board of directors on July 1st 1985
Why are there 24 patterns in Taekwon-Do?
There are 24 hours in a day. One day represents your whole life and full time devotion to Taekwon-
Do.
The life of a human being perhaps 100 years can be considered as a day when compared with
eternity. Therefore we mortals are no more than simple travellers who pass by the eternal years of
an aeon in a day. It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time. Nevertheless
most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism as if they could live for thousands of years.
And some people strive to bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way
gaining immortality. Obviously the spirit is perpetual while material is not. Therefore what we can do
to leave behind something for the welfare of mankind is perhaps the most important thing in our
lives. Here I leave Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man in the late 20th century. The 24
patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all my life.
General Choi Hong Hi, (Taekwon-Do Encyclopeadia, 1999 Ed.)
Explain fast motion
Fast motion is where two movements are performed in quick succession each with a sharp fast
breath and with a half sine wave for the second movement.
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Explain continuous motion
Continuous motion is where two movements are performed with full sine wave for each movement
but with one continuous breath. More than two movements may be performed in continuous
motion but in these cases a half sine wave is performed in between each movement.
Additional Techniques (see ITA training manual for further information and principles)
Outer forearm high side block (Bakat Palmok Nopunde Yop Makgi):
Purpose of block:
This is used to intercept the opponents attacking tool aimed at the neck or points above.
Blocking Tool used:
One third of the outer forearm (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking
tool in this block.
Outer forearm high wedging block (Bakat Palmok Nopunde Hechyo Makgi):
Purpose of block:
This technique is used to block a twin fist vertical punch, twin fore-knuckle fist punch or twin knife
hand inward strike, while preventing the neck, head or lapel from being grabbed.
Blocking Tools used:
One third of the outer forearms (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow are used as the blocking
tools in this block.
Straight Fingertip Thrust (Sun Sonkut Tulgi):
Purpose of the attack:
This technique is delivered with the intention to cut through the vital spot with less twisting of the
attacking tool. This is executed mainly from a walking stance, but occasionally from a parallel, sitting
or x-stance. Straight fingertip thrust is used to thrust to the opponent's solar plexus or abdomen.
Attacking Tool used:
The fingertips (Sonkut) are the attacking tools. The usage of it varies according to the target. The
form of it is just the same as a knife hand.
Back Fist High Side Strike (Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi):
Purpose of the attack:
This technique is primarily used for attacking the skull, forehead, temple, philtrum and abdomen,
with the floating ribs and epigastrium secondary targets.
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Attacking Tool used:
The main knuckles of the forefinger and middle finger are the parts used for back fist (Dung Joomuk).
Turning Kick (Dollyo Chagi):
Purpose of the attack;
This is one form of a smashing kick, the purpose being similar of striking techniques of the hand. The
face, solar plexus and scrotum are the primary targets while the armpit temple and neck are
secondary targets. The turning kick is ideal for attacking an opponent at the side front. The turning
must be performed from a suitable position, and if the position is awkward for this kick, the attacker
must swiftly move into a suitable position. The kick is normally executed from the rear foot, though
occasionally the front foot.
Attacking Tool used:
The ball of the foot (Ap Kumchi) is the attacking tool used in this particular attack. The toes are bent
sharply upward at the moment of impact.
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The training cycle of taekwon-do:
Recognition plaque:
It takes the shape of a turtle which symbolizes longevity. The six colours represent the colours of the
belts
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7TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS
Examination requirements Patterns
Do-San, Dan-Gun, Chon-Ji
Hand Techniques
Dollimyo makgi Circular block Walking stance, forwards
Sonkal anuro nopunde taerigi Knifehand inward high strike L stance, forwards or backwards
Ap joomuk kaunde yop jirugi Forefist middle side punch Fixed stance, forwards or backwards
Sonkal yop taerigi Knifehand side strike Sitting stance, stepping sideways (foot to foot)
Dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi
Back fist high side strike Sitting stance, stepping sideways (foot to foot)
Palmok daebi makgi Forearm guarding block L stance, stepping sideways (foot to foot)
Foot Techniques; Unless directed otherwise, perform all kicking techniques from L stance, forearm
guarding block
ljung yopcha jirugi Double side piercing kick Bending ready stance. After the kicks, land in L stance with forearm guarding block
'Goro' chagi Hook kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg
Dollyo chagi
Bandae dollyo chagi 180 0, neurin tongjak
Reverse turning kick 180°, slow motion
Kick with the back leg and land in front
Twigi yop-dollyo chagi Jumping side turning kick Remain on the spot, kick with the front leg
Twigi naeryo chagi Jumping downward kick Remain on the spot, kick with the front leg
Mikulmyo yop-dollyo chagi
Sliding side turning kick Kick with the front leg, sliding forwards
Prearranged Sparring 4 elements of Sambo matsogi
Free Sparring In addition to principles from earlier grades: Defence with front leg Defence with movement and counterattack
Power Test Dollyo chagi Ap joomuk jirugi
Special Technique Twimyo nopi yop cha jirugi
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Self Defence Front choke against wall Front headlock Swing punch Plus examiners choice of attacks from earlier grades
Theory and Terminology
Do-San (24 Movements)
Dan Gun is named after the holy Dan Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in 2333 BC.
Green Belt
Green signifies the plant's growth as Taekwon-Do skills begin to develop
Terminology
Bending ready stance Guburyo joonbi sogi
Fixed stance Gojung sogi
Circular block Dollimyo makgi
Knifehand high inward strike Sonkal nopunde anuro taerigi
Release from hold Jap yosul tae
Reverse turning kick Bandae dollyo chagi
"Hook" kick Goro chagi
Jumping downward kick Twigi naeryo chagi
Jumping side turning kick Twigi yop dollyo chagi
Sliding side turning kick Mikulmyo yop dollyo chagi
Flying high side piercing kick Twimyo nopi yop cha jirugi
Slow motion Neurin tongjak
Double Ijung
Sliding Mikulmyo
Conditioning Dallyon
Backheel Dwichook
You should know the application of all learned techniques
You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances
You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location
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Additional Questions
What is the difference between a punch, strike and thrust?
A punch is used primarily to cause internal haemorrhage rather than surface damage and fully
utilises the twisting of the attacking tool.
A strike is used to destroy or break bone or muscle tissue.
A thrust is used to "cut" through the vital spot with the least twisting of the attacking tool.
What is the importance of prearranged sparring?
Through prearranged sparring the student learns; correct distance, application of technique,
improves stances, accuracy, power, focus, timing and learns to coordinate with a partner.
What are the three lines of the body?
a. Centre line
b. Chest line
c. Shoulder line
Explain the points scoring system for sparring
One point is scored for any hand technique to a legal target
Two points are scored tor any kick to a legal target on the body
Three points are scored for any kick to the legal areas of the head
Explain the scoring system for patterns
Pattern competition takes place between two competitors performing simultaneously. Colour belts
typically perform one pattern of their choosing.
Black belts perform two patterns, the first chosen at random from among the patterns of their grade
while the second is randomly chosen from the remaining patterns up to their current grade.
Competitors start with a perfect score of 10 points per pattern performed.
Judges make deductions in 0.5 and 1 point increments during the performance based on the errors
they observe.
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Some common deductions include:
• Performing an incorrect technique or stance
• Loss of balance or rhythm
• Incorrect height or angle for a technique
• Failing to return to the start position
A zero score can be awarded if:
• The pattern is not completed
• Two or more patterns are mixed
• A pause of more than 2 seconds occurs
Following the performance, the competitor with the highest score is declared the winner.
Additional Techniques (see ITA training manual for further information and principles)
Bending Ready Stance A (Goburyo Junbi Sogi A):
This is the preparatory position for side piercing and side thrusting kicks. When standing on the right
foot executing a left forearm guarding block it is called a right bending ready stance and vice-versa.
When performing this stance the hands and feet must perform at the same time. This means that
the blocking hand motion and the rising foot motion must be executed at the same time.
Fixed Stance (Gojung Sogi):
This is an effective stance for attack and defence to the side. It is always half facing both in attack
and defence. It is similar to an L-Stance p25 with the following exceptions:
• The body weight is distributed evenly on both legs.
• The distance between the big toes is one and a half shoulder width.
• When the right foot is advanced it is called a right fixed stance and vice versa.
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Forearm circular block (Palmok Dollimyo Makgi):
Purpose of block:
This is to block a combination of hand and foot attack and is mostly performed with the inner
forearm. A walking stance is most suitable for this block.
Blocking Tool used:
One third of the inner forearm (An Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking tool
in this block.
Knife-hand high inward strike (Sonkal Nopunde Anuro Taerigi):
Purpose of the attack:
This technique is used to strike the vagus nerve and carotid artery in the neck of the opponent.
Attacking Tool used:
The knife hand (Sonkal) is the attacking tool used. The tool is from the wrist to the main knuckle of
the little finger.