clinical microbiology 2008. microorganisms as causative agents of infections in animals companion...
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Microorganisms as causative agents of infections in animals Companion animals:
Dog and cat Horse
Food animals Cattle and sheep Pig Poultry
Infections of the.. Respiratory system Nervous system (CNS) Gastro-intestinal tract Urinary tract Genital systém Skin, soft tissues and wounds Joint and bones
Clinical microbiology (microbes and antimicrobials) Bacteriology
and use of antibiotics and chemoterapeutics)
Virology And use of antivirotics
Mycology And use of antimycotics
Use of vaccines
Characterisation of bacteria from clinical specimens Processing of a specimen
Gram stain Cultivation
Atmosphere (A/AN, A+CO2,AN,A) Culture media (solid:BA, MC agar,XLD agar,
chocolate agar, liquid: broths) Identification
G+ Gram- negative bacteria (oxidase, catalase,
biochemical tests, serological tests to identify serovars
Further identification -Typing methods
Serological tests are used for serotyping (E.coli O157 H7, E. coli O141 F4 S. Typhimurium O 1,4,5,12,H: i, 1,2 S. Enteritidis O1,9,12, H:g,m
Bacteriophage typing (S. Typimurium DT 104)
Identification – subtyping methods DNA subtyping methods gene typing for virulence factors
instead of toxin production E.coli P. multocida
Obligate anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides/Fusobacterium Porphyromonas Prevotella Clostridium perfringens Clostridium difficile
Metods for detection of non-cultured bacteria Microscopy PCR detection using various
modifications PCR Nested PCR Real time PCR
Non-cultured bacterial genera and species Lawsonia intracellularis Chlamydophilla spp. Rickketsias Hemomycoplasmas:
Mycoplasma hemosuis, M. hemofelis
G- bacterial species most frequently obsereved Psudomonas aeruginosa E. coli Other coliforms (Klebsiella,
Enterobacter) Salmonella Pasteurella multocida Haemophilus spp. Actinobacillus spp.
G+ bacterial species most frequently obsereved Beta – haemolytic streptococci Staphylococcus
aureus/S.intermedius Coagulase negative staphylococci Enterococci Clostridium perfringens
Zoonotic bacterial species Campylobacter jejuni, C.coli VTEC (verotoxigenic E.coli
serogroup O157 Salmonella enterica (ST DT 104) Yersinia enterocolitica Streptococcus suis 2 Listeria moncytogenes
Use of Antibiotics Antibiotic susceptibility testing MIC – minimum inhibitory
concentrations Disc susceptibility test Etest Beta-lactamase test
Commonly used antibiotic Range of action:
Very good Good Poor activity against particular
bacteria Bacterial resistance mechanisms
Infections of the Respiratory System Mirobes Pathogenesis (aspiration)
Nasopharynx Pharynx (pharyngitis) Trachea Bronchi (bronchioli) Lungs -pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Pleura (pleuritis) Lung absces
Infection of the skin and sof tissues A breatch of the skin
Via minor abrasions Hair follicles Surgical incision Wounds (traumatic, surgical)